1. Whiting DR, Guariguata L, Weil C, Shaw J. IDF diabetes atlas: global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2011 and 2030. Diabet Res Clin Pract 2011; 94 (3): 311–21.
2. Маев И.В., Бусарова Г.А., Андреев Д.Н. Болезни пищевода. М.: ГЭОТАР­-Медиа, 2019.
[Maev I.V., Busarova G.A., Andreev D.N. Esophagus. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media, 2019 (in Russian).]
3. El-Serag HB, Sweet S, Winchester CC, Dent J. Update on the epidemiology of gastro-esophageal reflux disease: a systematic review. Gut 2013; 5.
4. Bonatti H, Achem SR, Hinder RA. Impact of changing epidemiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease on its diagnosis and treatment. J Gastrointestinal Surg 2008; 12 (2): 373–81.
5. Bor S, Lazebnik LB, Kitapcioglu G et al. Prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease in Moscow. Dis Esophagus 2016; 29 (2): 159–65.
6. Маев И.В., Юренев Г.Л., Вьючнова Е.С. и др. Гастроэзофагеальная рефлюксная болезнь. М.: ГЭОТАР-­Медиа, 2019.
[Maev I.V., Iurenev G.L., V'iuchnova E.S. et al. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media, 2019 (in Russian).]
7. Nishida T, Tsuji S, Tsujii M et al. Gastroesophageal reflux disease related to diabetes: analysis of 241 cases with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2004; 19 (3): 258–65.
8. Sun XM, Tan JC, Zhu Y, Lin L. Association between diabetes mellitus and gastroesophageal reflux disease: A meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21 (10): 3085–92.
9. Iyer PG, Borah BJ, Heien HC et al. Association o fBarrett's esophagus with type II Diabetes Mellitus: results from a large population-based case-control study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 11 (9): 1108-14e5.
10. Schwab A, Siddiqui A et al. Polyol pathway links glucose metabolism to the aggressivness of cancer cells. Cancer Res 2018.
11. Paawan Punjabi, Angela Hira Do , Shanti Prasad et al. Review of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in the diabetic patient. J Diabetes 2015; 7 (5): 599–609.
12. Wang X, Pitchumoni CS, Chandrarana K, Shah N. Increased prevalence of symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux diseases in type 2 diabetics with neuropathy. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14 (5): 709–12.
13. Kinekawa F, Kubo F, Matsuda K et al. Esophageal function worsens with long duration of diabetes. J Gastroenterol 2008; 43 (5): 338–44.
14. Jorge JX, Panão EA, Simões MA et al. Esophageal body motility in people with diabetes: comparison with non-diabetic healthy individuals. Diabet Res Clin Pract 2012; 97 (1): 77–81.
15. Ahmed W, Vohra EA. Esophageal motility disorders in diabetics. J Pak Med Assoc 2004; 54 (12): 597–601.
16. Kinekawa F, Kubo F, Matsuda K et al. Relationship between esophageal dysfunction and neuropathy in diabetic patients. Am J Gastroenterol 2001; 96 (7): 2026-32.
17. Fass R, McCallum RW, Parkman HP. Treatment Challenges in the Management of Gastroparesis-Related GERD. Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009; 5 (10; Suppl. 18): 4–16.
18. Sellin JH, Chang EB. Therapy Insight: gastrointestinal complications of diabetes-pathophysiology and management. Nature clinical practice. Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008; 5 (3): 162–71.
19. Promberger R, Spitzer A, Ott J et al. Quality of life in type 2 diabetics with gastroesophageal reflux disease: a case control study. Eur Surg 2013: 1–6.
20. Hampel H, Abraham NS, El-Serag HB. Meta-analysis: obesity and the risk for gastroesophageal reflux disease and its complications. Ann Intern Med 2005; 143 (3): 199–211.
21. Peeters A, Barendregt JJ, Willekens F et al. Obesity in adulthood and its consequences for life expectancy: a life-table analysis. Ann Internal Med 2003; 138 (1): 24–32.
22. Singh S, Sharma AN, Murad MH et al. Central Adiposity Is Associated With Increased Risk of Esophageal Inflammation, Metaplasia, and Adenocarcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 11: 1399-1412.e7.
23. El-Serag HB, Graham DY, Satia JA et al. Obesity is an independent risk factor for GERD symptoms and erosive esophagitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2005; 100 (6): 1243–50.
24. Kubo A, Corley DA. Body mass index and adenocarcinomas of the esophagus or gastric cardia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006; 15 (5): 872–8.
25. Hajar N, Castell DO, Ghomrawi H et al. Impedance pH confirms the relationship between GERD and BMI. Dig Dis Sci 2012; 57: 1875–9.
26. Nadaleto BF, Herbella FA, Patti MG. Gastroesophageal reflux disease in the obese: Pathophysiology and treatment. Surgery 2016; 159 (2): 475–86.
27. Alberti K, Zimmet P, Shaw J. Metabolic syndrome – a new world‐wide definition. A Consensus Statement from the International Diabetes Federation. Diabetic Med 2006; 23 (5): 469–80.
28. Niigaki M, Adachi K, Hirakawa K et al. Association between metabolic syndrome and prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease in a health screening facility in Japan. J Gastroenterol 2012: 1–10.
29. Chung SJ, Kim D, Park MJ et al. Metabolic syndrome and visceral obesity as risk factors for reflux oesophagitis: a cross-sectional case-control study of 7078 Koreans undergoing health check-ups. Gut 2008; 57 (10): 1360–5.
30. Moki F, Kusano M, Mizuide M et al. Association between reflux oesophagitis and features of the metabolic syndrome in Japan. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2007; 26 (7): 1069–75.
31. Hirata A, Kishida K, Nakatsuji H et al. High prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms in type 2 diabetics with hypoadiponectinemia and metabolic syndrome. Nutr Metab 2012; 9 (1): 4.
32. Cummings DE, Purnell JQ, Frayo RS et al. A preprandial rise in plasma ghrelin levels suggests a role in meal initiation in humans. Diabetes 2001; 50 (8): 1714–9.
33. Kawahara H, Kubota A, Hasegawa T et al. Effects of rikkunshito on the clinical symptoms and esophageal acid exposure in children with symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux. Pediatr Surg Int 2007; 23 (10): 1001–5.
34. Rubenstein JH, Morgenstern H, McConell D et al. Associations of Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin, Leptin, and Ghrelin With Gastroesophageal Reflux and Barrett's Esophagus. Gastroenterology 2013; 145 (6): 1237–44.e5.
35. Ohno T, Mochiki E, Kuwano H. The roles of motilin and ghrelin in gastrointestinal motility. Int J Pept 2010.
36. Perdikis G, Wilson P, Hinder RA et al. Gastroesophageal reflux disease is associated with enteric hormone abnormalities. Am J Surg 1994; 167 (1): 186–91; discussion 91-2.
37. Schmid R, Schusdziarra V, Allescher HD et al. Effect of motilin on gastric emptying in patients with diabetic gastroparesis. Diabetes Care 1991; 14 (1): 65–8.
38. McCallum RW, Cynshi O, TEAM UI. Efficacy of mitemcinal, a motilin agonist, on gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with symptoms suggesting diabetic gastropathy: a randomized, multi-center, placebo-controlled trial. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2007; 26 (1): 107–16.
39. Okano H, Inui A, Ueno N et al. EM523L, a nonpeptide motilin agonist, stimulates gastric emptying and pancreatic polypeptide secretion. Peptides 1996; 17 (6): 895–900.
40. Nakanome C, Akai H, Hongo M et al. Disturbances of the alimentary tract motility and hypermotilinemia in the patients with diabetes mellitus. Tohoku J Exp Med 1983; 139 (2): 205–15.
41. Pendleton H, Ekman R, Olsson R et al. Motilin concentrations in relation to gastro intestinal dysmotility in diabetes mellitus. Eur J Intern Med 2009; 20 (6): 654–9.
42. Nies AT, Hofmann U, Resch C et al. Proton pump inhibitors inhibit metformin uptake by organic cation transporters (OCTs). PloS one 2011; 6 (7): e22163.
43. Cummings DE, Overduin J. Gastrointestinal regulation of food intake. J Clin Invest 2007; 117 (1): 13–23.
44. Dent J. Editorial: Better ammunition for use of weight loss in managing gastroesophageal reflux disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2013; 108 (3): 383–5.
45. Маев И.В., Кучерявый Ю.А., Андреев Д.Н. Ожирение и коморбидность: пособие для врачей. М.: Прима Принт, 2016.
[Maev I.V., Kucheriavyi Iu.A., Andreev D.N. Obesity and comorbidity: a guide for doctors. Moscow: Prima Print, 2016 (In Russian).]
46. Юренев Г.Л., Миронова Е.М., Андреев Д.Н., Юренева-Тхоржевская Т.В. Клинические и патогенетические параллели гастроэзофагеальной рефлюксной болезни и ожирения. Фарматека. 2017; 13: 30–9.
[Iurenev G.L., Mironova E.M., Andreev D.N., Iureneva-Tkhorzhevskaia T.V. Klinicheskie i patogeneticheskie paralleli gastroezofageal'noi refliuksnoi bolezni i ozhireniia. Farmateka. 2017; 13: 30–9 (In Russian).]
47. Ивашкин В.Т., Маев И.В., Трухманов А.С. и др. Клинические рекомендации Российской гастроэнтерологической ассоциации по диагностике и лечению гастроэзофагеальной рефлюксной болезни. РЖГГК. 2017; 27 (4): 75–95.
[Ivashkin V.T., Maev I.V., Trukhmanov A.S. i dr. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii Rossiiskoi gastroenterologicheskoi assotsiatsii po diagnostike i lecheniiu gastroezofageal'noi refliuksnoi bolezni. RZhGGK. 2017; 27 (4): 75–95 (In Russian).]
48. Crouch MA, Mefford IN, Wade EU. Proton pump inhibitor therapy associated with lower glycosylated hemoglobin levels in type 2 diabetes. J Am Board Family Med 2012; 25 (1): 50–4.
49. Mefford IN, Wade E.U. Proton pump inhibitors as a treatment method for type II diabetes. Medical Hypotheses 2009; 73 (1): 29–32.
50. Bodvarsdottir TB, Hove KD, Gotfredsen CF et al. Treatment with a proton pump inhibitor improves glycaemic control in Psam-momys obesus, a model of type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2010; 53 (10): 2220–3.
51. Маев И.В., Баркалова Е.В., Овсепян М.А. и др. Возможности рн-импедансометрии и манометрии высокого разрешения при ведении пациентов с рефрактерной гастроэзофагеальной рефлюксной болезнью. Терапевтический архив. 2017; 89 (2): 76–83.
[Maev I.V., Barkalova E.V., Ovsepian M.A. et al. Vozmozhnosti rn-impedansometrii i manometrii vysokogo razresheniia pri vedenii patsientov s refrakternoi gastroezofageal'noi refliuksnoi bolezn'iu. Therapeutic Archive. 2017; 89 (2): 76–83. (in Russian).]
52. Маев И.В., Баркалова Е.В., Овсепян М.А и др. Достижения современной гастроэнтерологии в оценке нарушений тонуса и моторики пищевода. Consilium Medicum. 2018; 20 (8): 8–13. DOI: 10.26442/2075-1753_2018.8.8-13
[Maev I.V., Barkalova E.V., Ovsepyan M.A. et al. Modern gastroenterology advances in esophageal tonus and motility disorders assessment. Consilium Medicum. 2018; 20 (8): 8–13. DOI: 10.26442/2075-1753_2018.8.8-13 (in Russian).]
53. Маев И.В., Дичева Д.Т., Андреев Д.Н. и др. Терапевтическая роль прокинетических препаратов в лечении гастроэзофагеальной рефлюксной болезни. Мед. совет. 2014; 4: 66–70.
[Maev I.V., Dicheva D.T., Andreev D.N. et al. Terapevticheskaia rol' prokineticheskikh preparatov v lechenii gastroezofageal'noi refliuksnoi bolezni. Med. sovet. 2014; 4: 66–70 (in Russian).]
54. Holtmann G, Talley NJ, Liebregts T et al. A placebo-controlled trial of itopride in functional dyspepsia. N Engl J Med 2006; 354 (8): 832–40.
55. Дедов И.И. Эндокринология. Национальное руководство. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2016.
[Dedov I.I. Endocrinology. National leadership. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media, 2016 (in Russian).]

Е.И. Кузнецова1, Е.А. Рымарева2, Д.Т. Дичева1, Д.Н. Андреев*1

1 ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И. Евдокимова» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия;
2 ФКУЗ «Главный клинический госпиталь Министерства внутренних дел Российской Федерации», Москва, Россия
*dna-mit8@mail.ru

Elena I. Kuznetsova1, Ekaterina A. Rymareva2, Diana T. Dicheva1, Dmitrii N. Andreev*1

1 Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia;
2 Main Clinical Hospital of Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
*dna-mit8@mail.ru