В настоящем обзоре представлен алгоритм ведения взрослых пациентов с инфекцией Helicobacter pylori. В помощь врачу описаны методы первичной диагностики возбудителя, схемы эмпирической антихеликобактерной терапии 1 и 2-й линии с учетом имеющихся данных чувствительности H. pylori к антимикробным препаратам в Российской Федерации, а также оптимальные методы контроля эффективности эрадикационной терапии. Продемонстрированы варианты эмпирической терапии 3-й линии при невозможности определения чувствительности H. pylori к антибиотикам.
Ключевые слова: Helicobacter pylori, гистологический метод, устойчивость к антимикробным препаратам, кларитромицин, метронидазол.
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This review presents an algorithm for the management of adult patients with H. pylori infection. To help the doctor, methods of primary diagnosis of the causative agent, first-line and second-line empiric therapy are proposed, taking into account the available data on the susceptibility of H. pylori to antimicrobials in the Russian Federation, as well as optimal methods for monitoring the effectiveness of eradication therapy. Variants of the third-line empirical therapy are described when it is impossible to determine the susceptibility of H. pylori to antibiotics.
Key words: Helicobacter pylori, histological method, antimicrobial resistance, clarithromycin, metronidazole.
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[Ivashkin V.T., Maev I.V., Lapina T.L. et al. Lechenie infektsii Helicobacter pylori: Meinstrim i novatsii. Ros. zhurn. gastroenterologii, gepatologii, koloproktologii. 2017; 27 (4): 4–21 (in Russian).]
3. Didelot X, Nell S, Yang I et al. Genomic evolution and transmission of Helicobacter pylori in two South African families. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110: 13880–5.
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6. Malfertheiner P. The intriguing relationship of Helicobacter pylori infection and acid secretion in peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. Dig Dis 2011; 29: 459–64.
7. Yuan W, Li Yumin, Yang Kehu et al. Iron deficiency anemia in Helicobacter pylori infection: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Scand J Gastroenterol 2010; 45: 665–76.
8. Sato R, Murakami K, Okimoto T et al. Development of corpus atrophic gastritis may be associated with Helicobacter pylori-related idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. J Gastroenterol 2011; 46: 991–7.
9. Stabler SP. Vitamin B12 deficiency. N Engl J Med 2013; 368: 2041–2.
10. Malfertheiner P. Diagnostic methods for H. pylori infection: choices, opportunities and pitfalls. United European Gastroenterol J 2015; 3: 429–31.
11. Ricci C, Holton J, Vaira D. Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori: invasive and noninvasive tests. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2007; 21: 299–313.
12. Ferwana M, Abdulmajeed I, Alhajiahmed A et al. Accuracy of urea breath test in Helicobacter pylori infection: meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21: 1305–14.
13. Gisbert JP, de la Morena F, Abraira V. Accuracy of monoclonal stool antigen test for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol 2006; 101: 1921–30.
14. Moayyedi PM, Lacy BE, Andrews CN et al.: ACG and CAG Clinical Guideline: Management of Dyspepsia. Am J Gastroenterol 2017; 112 (7): 988–1013.
15. Smith S, Boyle B, Brennan D et al. The Irish Helicobacter pylori Working Group consensus for the diagnosis and treatment of H. pylori infection in adult patients in Ireland. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 29 (5): 552–9.
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[Ivashkin V.T., Maev I.V., Lapina T.L. et al. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii Rossiiskoi gastroenterologicheskoi assotsiatsii po diagnostike i lecheniiu infektsii Helicobacter pylori u vzroslykh. Ros. zhurn. gastroenterologii, gepatologii, koloproktologii. 2018; 28 (1): 55–70 (in Russian).]
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20. Chey WD, Metz DC, Shaw S et al. Appropriate timing of the 14C-urea breath test to establish eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection. Am J Gastroenterol 2000; 95: 1171–4.
21. Sugano K, Tack J, Kuipers EJ et al. Kyoto global consensus report on Helicobacter pylori gastritis. Gut 2015; 64: 1–15.
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[Simanenkov V.I., Zakharova N.V., Zhebrun A.B. et al. Rezistentnost' Helicobacter pylori k antimikrobnym preparatam po rezul'tatam bakteriologicheskogo testirovaniia. Lechashchii vrach. 2015; 4: 91–5 (in Russian).]
23. Malfertheiner P, Megraud F, O’Morain CA et al. Management of Helicobacter pylori infection–the Maastricht IV/ Florence Consensus Report. Gut 2012; 61: 646–64.
24. Chey WD, Leontiadis GI, Howden CW et al. ACG Clinical Guideline: treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. Am J Gastroenterol 2017; 112: 212–38.
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26. Feng L, Wen MY, Zhu YJ et al. Sequential therapy or standard triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection: an updated systematic review. Am J Ther 2016; 23 (3): 830–93.
27. Shiota S, Reddy R, Alsarraj A et al. Antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori among male United States veterans. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 13: 1616–24.
28. Fuccio L, Minardi ME, Zagari RM et al. Meta-analysis: duration of first-line proton-pump inhibitor based triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication. Ann Intern Med 2007; 147 (8): 553–62.
29. Yuan Y, Ford AC, Khan KJ et al. Optimum duration of regimens for Helicobacter pylori eradication. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013; 12: CD008337.
30. Villoria A, Garcia P, Calvet X et al. Meta-analysis: high-dose proton pump inhibitors vs. standard dose in triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2008; 28: 868–77.
31. Choi HS, Park DIl, Hwang SJ et al. Double-dose, new-generation proton pump inhibitors do not improve Helicobacter pylori eradication rate. Helicobacter 2007; 12: 638–42.
32. McNicholl AG, Linares PM, Nyssen OP. Meta-analysis: esomeprazole or rabeprazole vs. first-generation pump inhibitors in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2012; 36 (5): 414–25.
33. Ford AC, Malfertheiner P, Giguere M et al. Adverse events with bismuth salts for Helicobacter pylori eradication: systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14: 7361–70.
34. Dore MP, Farina V, Cuccu M et al. Twice-a-day bismuth-containing quadruple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication: a randomized trial of 10 and 14 days. Helicobacter 2011; 16: 295–300.
35. De Francesco V, Ierardi E, Hassan C et al. Helicobacter pylori therapy: present and future. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther 2012; 3 (4): 68–73.
36. Yanai A, Sakamoto K, Akanuma M et al. Non-bismuth quadruple therapy for first-line Helicobacter pylori eradication: a randomized study in Japan. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther 2012; 3 (1): 1–6.
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[Dekhnich N.N., Ivanchik N.V., Kozlov R.S. et al. Antibiotikorezistentnost' Helicobacter pylori v Smolenske. Klin. mikrobiologiia i antimikrobnaia khimioterapiia. 2018; 20 (1): 42–8 (in Russian).]
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[Sablin O.A., Mikhailov N.V., Iurin M.V. et al. Pervichnaia rezistentnost' Helicobacter pylori k antibiotikam v Sankt-Peterburge. Eksperiment. i klin. gastroenterologiia. 2012; 8: 18–23 (in Russian).]
39. Liao J, Zheng Q, Liang X et al. Effect of fluoroquinolone resistance on 14-day levofloxacin triple and triple plus bismuth quadruple therapy. Helicobacter 2013; 18: 373–7.
40. Chung JW, Lee JH, Jung HY et al. Second-line Helicobacter pylori eradication: a randomized comparison of 1-week or 2-week bismuth-containing quadruple therapy. Helicobacter 2011; 16: 289–94.
________________________________________________
1. Malfertheiner P, Link A, Selgrad M. Helicobacter pylori: Perspectives and time trends. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 10: 628–38.
2. Ivashkin V.T., Maev I.V., Lapina T.L. et al. Lechenie infektsii Helicobacter pylori: Meinstrim i novatsii. Ros. zhurn. gastroenterologii, gepatologii, koloproktologii. 2017; 27 (4): 4–21 (in Russian).
3. Didelot X, Nell S, Yang I et al. Genomic evolution and transmission of Helicobacter pylori in two South African families. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110: 13880–5.
4. Urita Y, Watanabe T, Kawagoe N et al. Role of infected grandmothers in transmission of Helicobacter pylori to children in a Japanese rural town. J Paediatr Child Health 2013; 49: 394–8.
5. Capelle LG, de Vries AC, Looman CWN et al. Gastric MALT lymphoma: epidemiology and high adenocarcinoma risk in a nation-wide study. Eur J Cancer 2008; 44: 2470–6.
6. Malfertheiner P. The intriguing relationship of Helicobacter pylori infection and acid secretion in peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. Dig Dis 2011; 29: 459–64.
7. Yuan W, Li Yumin, Yang Kehu et al. Iron deficiency anemia in Helicobacter pylori infection: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Scand J Gastroenterol 2010; 45: 665–76.
8. Sato R, Murakami K, Okimoto T et al. Development of corpus atrophic gastritis may be associated with Helicobacter pylori-related idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. J Gastroenterol 2011; 46: 991–7.
9. Stabler SP. Vitamin B12 deficiency. N Engl J Med 2013; 368: 2041–2.
10. Malfertheiner P. Diagnostic methods for H. pylori infection: choices, opportunities and pitfalls. United European Gastroenterol J 2015; 3: 429–31.
11. Ricci C, Holton J, Vaira D. Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori: invasive and noninvasive tests. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2007; 21: 299–313.
12. Ferwana M, Abdulmajeed I, Alhajiahmed A et al. Accuracy of urea breath test in Helicobacter pylori infection: meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21: 1305–14.
13. Gisbert JP, de la Morena F, Abraira V. Accuracy of monoclonal stool antigen test for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol 2006; 101: 1921–30.
14. Moayyedi PM, Lacy BE, Andrews CN et al.: ACG and CAG Clinical Guideline: Management of Dyspepsia. Am J Gastroenterol 2017; 112 (7): 988–1013.
15. Smith S, Boyle B, Brennan D et al. The Irish Helicobacter pylori Working Group consensus for the diagnosis and treatment of H. pylori infection in adult patients in Ireland. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 29 (5): 552–9.
16. Ivashkin V.T., Maev I.V., Lapina T.L. et al. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii Rossiiskoi gastroenterologicheskoi assotsiatsii po diagnostike i lecheniiu infektsii Helicobacter pylori u vzroslykh. Ros. zhurn. gastroenterologii, gepatologii, koloproktologii. 2018; 28 (1): 55–70 (in Russian).
17. Gatta L, Vakil N, Ricci C et al. Effect of proton pump inhibitors and antacid therapy on 13C urea breath tests and stool test for Helicobacter pylori infection. Am J Gastroenterol 2004; 99: 823–9.
18. Malfertheiner P, Megraud F, O’Morain C et al. Management of Helicobacter pylori infection–Maastricht V/Florence consensus report. Gut 2017; 66 (1): 6–30.
19. Vaira D, Vakil N, Menegatti M et al. The stool antigen test for detection of Helicobacter pylori after eradication therapy. Ann Intern Med 2002; 136: 280–7.
20. Chey WD, Metz DC, Shaw S et al. Appropriate timing of the 14C-urea breath test to establish eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection. Am J Gastroenterol 2000; 95: 1171–4.
21. Sugano K, Tack J, Kuipers EJ et al. Kyoto global consensus report on Helicobacter pylori gastritis. Gut 2015; 64: 1–15.
22. Simanenkov V.I., Zakharova N.V., Zhebrun A.B. et al. Rezistentnost' Helicobacter pylori k antimikrobnym preparatam po rezul'tatam bakteriologicheskogo testirovaniia. Lechashchii vrach. 2015; 4: 91–5 (in Russian).
23. Malfertheiner P, Megraud F, O’Morain CA et al. Management of Helicobacter pylori infection–the Maastricht IV/ Florence Consensus Report. Gut 2012; 61: 646–64.
24. Chey WD, Leontiadis GI, Howden CW et al. ACG Clinical Guideline: treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. Am J Gastroenterol 2017; 112: 212–38.
25. Luther J, Higgins PD, Schoenfeld PS et al. Empiric quadruple vs. triple therapy for primary treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection: Systematic review and meta-analysis of efficacy and tolerability. Am J Gastroenterol 2010; 105: 65–73.
26. Feng L, Wen MY, Zhu YJ et al. Sequential therapy or standard triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection: an updated systematic review. Am J Ther 2016; 23 (3): 830–93.
27. Shiota S, Reddy R, Alsarraj A et al. Antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori among male United States veterans. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 13: 1616–24.
28. Fuccio L, Minardi ME, Zagari RM et al. Meta-analysis: duration of first-line proton-pump inhibitor based triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication. Ann Intern Med 2007; 147 (8): 553–62.
29. Yuan Y, Ford AC, Khan KJ et al. Optimum duration of regimens for Helicobacter pylori eradication. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013; 12: CD008337.
30. Villoria A, Garcia P, Calvet X et al. Meta-analysis: high-dose proton pump inhibitors vs. standard dose in triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2008; 28: 868–77.
31. Choi HS, Park DIl, Hwang SJ et al. Double-dose, new-generation proton pump inhibitors do not improve Helicobacter pylori eradication rate. Helicobacter 2007; 12: 638–42.
32. McNicholl AG, Linares PM, Nyssen OP. Meta-analysis: esomeprazole or rabeprazole vs. first-generation pump inhibitors in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2012; 36 (5): 414–25.
33. Ford AC, Malfertheiner P, Giguere M et al. Adverse events with bismuth salts for Helicobacter pylori eradication: systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14: 7361–70.
34. Dore MP, Farina V, Cuccu M et al. Twice-a-day bismuth-containing quadruple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication: a randomized trial of 10 and 14 days. Helicobacter 2011; 16: 295–300.
35. De Francesco V, Ierardi E, Hassan C et al. Helicobacter pylori therapy: present and future. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther 2012; 3 (4): 68–73.
36. Yanai A, Sakamoto K, Akanuma M et al. Non-bismuth quadruple therapy for first-line Helicobacter pylori eradication: a randomized study in Japan. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther 2012; 3 (1): 1–6.
37. Dekhnich N.N., Ivanchik N.V., Kozlov R.S. et al. Antibiotikorezistentnost' Helicobacter pylori v Smolenske. Klin. mikrobiologiia i antimikrobnaia khimioterapiia. 2018; 20 (1): 42–8 (in Russian).
38. Sablin O.A., Mikhailov N.V., Iurin M.V. et al. Pervichnaia rezistentnost' Helicobacter pylori k antibiotikam v Sankt-Peterburge. Eksperiment. i klin. gastroenterologiia. 2012; 8: 18–23 (in Russian).
39. Liao J, Zheng Q, Liang X et al. Effect of fluoroquinolone resistance on 14-day levofloxacin triple and triple plus bismuth quadruple therapy. Helicobacter 2013; 18: 373–7.
40. Chung JW, Lee JH, Jung HY et al. Second-line Helicobacter pylori eradication: a randomized comparison of 1-week or 2-week bismuth-containing quadruple therapy. Helicobacter 2011; 16: 289–94.
Авторы
Н.Н.Дехнич, Ю.А.Хохлова
ФГБОУ ВО «Смоленский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России, Смоленск, Россия
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Natalia N. Dekhnich, Iuliia A. Khokhlova
Smolensk State Medical University, Smolensk, Russia