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Патогенетические механизмы формирования кардиоваскулярных рисков у пациентов с неалкогольной жировой болезнью печени
Патогенетические механизмы формирования кардиоваскулярных рисков у пациентов с неалкогольной жировой болезнью печени
Ливзан М.А., Гаус О.В., Николаев Н.А. Патогенетические механизмы формирования кардиоваскулярных рисков у пациентов с неалкогольной жировой болезнью печени. Гастроэнтерология. Хирургия. Интенсивная терапия. Consilium Medicum. 2019; 2: 7–9. DOI: 10.26442/26583739.2019.2.190408
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Аннотация
Неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени (НАЖБП) является одним из самых распространенных хронических заболеваний печени среди взрослого трудоспособного населения индустриально развитых стран. Установлено, что у пациентов с НАЖБП распространенность сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний и смертность от них выше, чем у больных, не имеющих ее, вне зависимости от наличия других традиционных факторов риска. В данной статье подробно рассмотрены такие возможные патогенетические механизмы формирования кардиоваскулярных рисков у пациентов с НАЖБП, как инсулинорезистентность, субклиническое воспаление, оксидативный дистресс, эндотелиальная дисфункция и нарушение секреции адипоцитокинов.
Ключевые слова: неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени, сердечно-сосудистые заболевания, кардиоваскулярный риск, инсулинорезистентность, оксидативный дистресс, эндотелиальная дисфункция, адипоцитокины.
Key words: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cardiovascular diseases, cardiovascular risk, insulin resistance, oxidative distress, endothelial dysfunction, adipocytokines.
Ключевые слова: неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени, сердечно-сосудистые заболевания, кардиоваскулярный риск, инсулинорезистентность, оксидативный дистресс, эндотелиальная дисфункция, адипоцитокины.
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Key words: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cardiovascular diseases, cardiovascular risk, insulin resistance, oxidative distress, endothelial dysfunction, adipocytokines.
Полный текст
Список литературы
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[Maev I.V., Kuznetsova E.I., Andreev D.N., Dicheva D.T. Current and future approaches to the diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Consilium Medicum. 2015; 17 (8): 20–7 (in Russian).]
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[Livzan M.A., Akhmedov V.A., Krolevets T.S. et al. Informativnost' neinvazivnykh markerov fibroza pecheni u patsientov s nealkogol'noi zhirovoi bolezn'iu pecheni. Therapeutic Аrchive. 2016; 88 (12): 62–8 (in Russian).]
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[Drapkina O.M., Iafarova A.A. Nealkogol'naia zhirovaia bolezn' pecheni i serdechno-sosudistyi risk: sostoianie problemy. Ratsional'naia farmakoterapiia v kardiologii. 2017; 13 (5): 645–50 (in Russian).]
19. Liu J, Han L, Zhu L, Yu Y. Free fatty acids, not triglycerides, are associated with non-alcoholic liver injury progression in high fat diet induced obese rats. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15 (1): 27.
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[Komshilova K.A., Troshina E.A. Ozhirenie i nealkogol'naia zhirovaia bolezn' pecheni: metabolicheskie riski i ikh korrektsiia. Ozhirenie i metabolizm. 2015; 2 (12): 35–9 (in Russian).]
22. Dunaieva I et al. Adiponectin and a violation of metabolic control at different stages of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. Georgian Med News 2016; 250: 40–6.
23. Osegbe I, Okpara E, Azinge E. Relationship between serum leptin and insulin resistance among obese Nigerian women. Ann Afr Med 2016; 15 (1): 14–9.
24. Ghantous CM et al. Differential Role of Leptin and Adiponectin in Cardiovascular System. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015: 1–13.
25. Sutton AK, Myers Jr, Olson DP. The Role of PVH Circuits in Leptin Action and Energy Balance. Ann Rev Physiol 2016; 78: 207–21.
26. Tilg H, Diehl A, Li Z et al. Cytokines and pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Gut 2005; 54: 303–6.
27. Xu X, Lu L, Dong Q et al. Research advances in the relationship between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and atherosclerosis. Lipids Health Dis 2015; 14: 158.
28. Gencer B. et al. Association between resistin levels and cardiovascular disease events in older adults: The health, aging and body composition study. Atherosclerosis 2016; 245: 181–6.
29. Yun MR, Seo JM, Park HY. Visfatin contributes to the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages through the differential regulation of inflammatory cytokines in THP-1 cells. Cell Signal 2014; 26 (4): 705–15.
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32. Bays HE et al. National Lipid Association Annual Summary of Clinical Lipidology 2016. J Clin Lipidol 2016; 10( 1): S1–S43.
33. Bonci E, Chiesa C, Versacci P et al. Association of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease with Subclinical Cardiovascular Changes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Biomed Res Int 2015; 2015: 213737.
34. Sunbul M, Agirbasli M, Durmus E et al. Arterial stiffness in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is related to fibrosis stage and epicardial adipose tissue thickness. Atherosclerosis 2014; 237 (2): 490–3.
35. Petta S, Argano C, Colomba D et al. Epicardial fat, cardiac geometry and cardiac function in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: association with severity of liver disease. J Hepatology 2015; 62 (4): 928–33.
36. Alp H, Karaarslan S, Selver Eklioglu B et al. Association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular risk in obese children and adolescents. Can J Cardiol 2013; 29 (9): 1118–25.
37. Fracanzani AL, Pisano G, Consonni D et al. Epicardial Adipose Tissue (EAT) Thickness Is Associated with Cardiovascular and Liver Damage in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. PLoS ONE 2016; 11 (9): e0162473.
2. Demir M, Lang S, Steffen HM. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease – current status and future directions. J Dig Dis 2015; 16 (10): 541–7.
3. World Health Organization. Obesity and overweight (2015). http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/
4. Gaus O.V., Akhmedov V.A. Vliianie metabolicheskogo sindroma na sostoianie parenkhimy pecheni i biliarnoi sistemy u patsientov s zhelchnokamennoi bolezn'iu. Ural. med. zhurn. 2015; 1 (124): 132–7 (in Russian).
5. Diagnostika i lechenie nealkogol'noi zhirovoi bolezni pecheni: metodicheskie rekomendatsii dlia vrachei Rossiiskogo obshchestva po izucheniiu pecheni. Pod red. V.T.Ivashkina. Moscow: MEDpress-inform, 2015 (in Russian).
6. Adams LA, Anstee QM, Tilg H, Targher G. Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and its relationship with cardiovascular disease and other extrahepatic diseases. Gut 2017; 66: 1138–53.
7. Ivashkin V.T., Drapkina O.M., Maev I.V. et al. Rasprostranennost' nealkogol'noĭ zhirovoĭ bolezni pecheni u patsientov v ambulatorno-poliklinicheskoi praktike v Rossiiskoi Federatsii: rezul'taty issledovaniia DIREG 2. Ros. zhurn. gastroenterologii, gepatologii, koloproktologii. 2015; 25 (6): 31–41 (in Russian).
8. Maev I.V., Kuznetsova E.I., Andreev D.N., Dicheva D.T. Current and future approaches to the diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Consilium Medicum. 2015; 17 (8): 20–7 (in Russian).
9. Byrne CD, Targher G. NAFLD: a multisystem disease. J Hepatol 2015; 62 (1): S47–64.
10. Gaus O.V., Akhmedov V.A. Tkanevoi ingibitor matriksnykh metalloproteinaz-1 kak indikator progressiruiushchego techeniia nealkogol'noi zhirovoi bolezni pecheni u bol'nykh s metabolicheskim sindromom. Eksperim. i klin. gastroenterologiia. 2016; 7 (131): 32–7 (in Russian).
11. Livzan M.A., Akhmedov V.A., Krolevets T.S. et al. Informativnost' neinvazivnykh markerov fibroza pecheni u patsientov s nealkogol'noi zhirovoi bolezn'iu pecheni. Therapeutic Аrchive. 2016; 88 (12): 62–8 (in Russian).
12. Yopp AC, Choti MA. Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Growing Epidemic. Dig Dis 2015; 33 (5): 642–7.
13. Wong RJ et al. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is the second leading etiology of liver disease among adults awaiting liver transplantation in the United States. Gastroenterology 2015; 148 (3): 547–55.
14. Perumpail RB. Pathogenesis of hepatocarcinogenesis in non-cirrhotic nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Potential mechanistic pathways. World J Hepatol 2015; 7 (22): 2384–8.
15. Rahman R et al. Primary hepatocellular carcinoma and metabolic syndrome: an update. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2013; 5 (9): 186–94.
16. Rinella ME. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review. JAMA 2015; 313 (22): 2263–73.
17. Targher G, Byrne CD, Lonardo A et al. Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of incident cardiovascular disease: a meta‐analysis. J Hepatol 2016; 65: 589–600.
18. Drapkina O.M., Iafarova A.A. Nealkogol'naia zhirovaia bolezn' pecheni i serdechno-sosudistyi risk: sostoianie problemy. Ratsional'naia farmakoterapiia v kardiologii. 2017; 13 (5): 645–50 (in Russian).
19. Liu J, Han L, Zhu L, Yu Y. Free fatty acids, not triglycerides, are associated with non-alcoholic liver injury progression in high fat diet induced obese rats. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15 (1): 27.
20. Wang PX et al. Hepatocyte TRAF3 promotes liver steatosis and systemic insulin resistance through targeting TAK1-dependent signaling. Nat Commun 2016; 7: 1–30.
21. Komshilova K.A., Troshina E.A. Ozhirenie i nealkogol'naia zhirovaia bolezn' pecheni: metabolicheskie riski i ikh korrektsiia. Ozhirenie i metabolizm. 2015; 2 (12): 35–9 (in Russian).
22. Dunaieva I et al. Adiponectin and a violation of metabolic control at different stages of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. Georgian Med News 2016; 250: 40–6.
23. Osegbe I, Okpara E, Azinge E. Relationship between serum leptin and insulin resistance among obese Nigerian women. Ann Afr Med 2016; 15 (1): 14–9.
24. Ghantous CM et al. Differential Role of Leptin and Adiponectin in Cardiovascular System. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015: 1–13.
25. Sutton AK, Myers Jr, Olson DP. The Role of PVH Circuits in Leptin Action and Energy Balance. Ann Rev Physiol 2016; 78: 207–21.
26. Tilg H, Diehl A, Li Z et al. Cytokines and pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Gut 2005; 54: 303–6.
27. Xu X, Lu L, Dong Q et al. Research advances in the relationship between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and atherosclerosis. Lipids Health Dis 2015; 14: 158.
28. Gencer B. et al. Association between resistin levels and cardiovascular disease events in older adults: The health, aging and body composition study. Atherosclerosis 2016; 245: 181–6.
29. Yun MR, Seo JM, Park HY. Visfatin contributes to the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages through the differential regulation of inflammatory cytokines in THP-1 cells. Cell Signal 2014; 26 (4): 705–15.
30. Waluga M et al. Visfatin and TGF-B1 in primary biliary cirrhosis and two other common liver diseases. Folia Med Cracov 2015; 55 (4): 59–70.
31. Jung UJ, Choi MS. Obesity and its metabolic complications: the role of adipokines and the relationship between obesity, inflammation, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15 (4): 6184–223.
32. Bays HE et al. National Lipid Association Annual Summary of Clinical Lipidology 2016. J Clin Lipidol 2016; 10( 1): S1–S43.
33. Bonci E, Chiesa C, Versacci P et al. Association of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease with Subclinical Cardiovascular Changes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Biomed Res Int 2015; 2015: 213737.
34. Sunbul M, Agirbasli M, Durmus E et al. Arterial stiffness in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is related to fibrosis stage and epicardial adipose tissue thickness. Atherosclerosis 2014; 237 (2): 490–3.
35. Petta S, Argano C, Colomba D et al. Epicardial fat, cardiac geometry and cardiac function in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: association with severity of liver disease. J Hepatology 2015; 62 (4): 928–33.
36. Alp H, Karaarslan S, Selver Eklioglu B et al. Association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular risk in obese children and adolescents. Can J Cardiol 2013; 29 (9): 1118–25.
37. Fracanzani AL, Pisano G, Consonni D et al. Epicardial Adipose Tissue (EAT) Thickness Is Associated with Cardiovascular and Liver Damage in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. PLoS ONE 2016; 11 (9): e0162473.
2. Demir M, Lang S, Steffen HM. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease – current status and future directions. J Dig Dis 2015; 16 (10): 541–7.
3. World Health Organization. Obesity and overweight (2015). http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/
4. Гаус О.В., Ахмедов В.А. Влияние метаболического синдрома на состояние паренхимы печени и билиарной системы у пациентов с желчнокаменной болезнью. Урал. мед. журн. 2015; 1 (124): 132–7.
[Gaus O.V., Akhmedov V.A. Vliianie metabolicheskogo sindroma na sostoianie parenkhimy pecheni i biliarnoi sistemy u patsientov s zhelchnokamennoi bolezn'iu. Ural. med. zhurn. 2015; 1 (124): 132–7 (in Russian).]
5. Диагностика и лечение неалкогольной жировой болезни печени: методические рекомендации для врачей Российского общества по изучению печени. Под ред. В.Т.Ивашкина. М.: МЕДпресс-информ, 2015.
[Diagnostika i lechenie nealkogol'noi zhirovoi bolezni pecheni: metodicheskie rekomendatsii dlia vrachei Rossiiskogo obshchestva po izucheniiu pecheni. Pod red. V.T.Ivashkina. Moscow: MEDpress-inform, 2015 (in Russian).]
6. Adams LA, Anstee QM, Tilg H, Targher G. Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and its relationship with cardiovascular disease and other extrahepatic diseases. Gut 2017; 66: 1138–53.
7. Ивашкин В.Т., Драпкина О.М., Маев И.В. и др. Распространенность неалкогольной жировой болезни печени у пациентов в амбулаторно-поликлинической практике в Российской Федерации: результаты исследования DIREG 2. Рос. журн. гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии. 2015; 25 (6): 31–41.
[Ivashkin V.T., Drapkina O.M., Maev I.V. et al. Rasprostranennost' nealkogol'noĭ zhirovoĭ bolezni pecheni u patsientov v ambulatorno-poliklinicheskoi praktike v Rossiiskoi Federatsii: rezul'taty issledovaniia DIREG 2. Ros. zhurn. gastroenterologii, gepatologii, koloproktologii. 2015; 25 (6): 31–41 (in Russian).]
8. Маев И.В., Кузнецова Е.И., Андреев Д.Н., Дичева Д.Т. Современные и перспективные подходы к диагностике неалкогольной жировой болезни печени. Consilium Medicum. 2015; 17 (8): 20–7.
[Maev I.V., Kuznetsova E.I., Andreev D.N., Dicheva D.T. Current and future approaches to the diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Consilium Medicum. 2015; 17 (8): 20–7 (in Russian).]
9. Byrne CD, Targher G. NAFLD: a multisystem disease. J Hepatol 2015; 62 (1): S47–64.
10. Гаус О.В., Ахмедов В.А. Тканевой ингибитор матриксных металлопротеиназ-1 как индикатор прогрессирующего течения неалкогольной жировой болезни печени у больных с метаболическим синдромом. Эксперим. и клин. гастроэнтерология. 2016; 7 (131): 32–7.
[Gaus O.V., Akhmedov V.A. Tkanevoi ingibitor matriksnykh metalloproteinaz-1 kak indikator progressiruiushchego techeniia nealkogol'noi zhirovoi bolezni pecheni u bol'nykh s metabolicheskim sindromom. Eksperim. i klin. gastroenterologiia. 2016; 7 (131): 32–7 (in Russian).]
11. Ливзан М.А., Ахмедов В.А., Кролевец Т.С. и др. Информативность неинвазивных маркеров фиброза печени у пациентов с неалкогольной жировой болезнью печени. Терапевтический архив. 2016; 88 (12): 62–8.
[Livzan M.A., Akhmedov V.A., Krolevets T.S. et al. Informativnost' neinvazivnykh markerov fibroza pecheni u patsientov s nealkogol'noi zhirovoi bolezn'iu pecheni. Therapeutic Аrchive. 2016; 88 (12): 62–8 (in Russian).]
12. Yopp AC, Choti MA. Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Growing Epidemic. Dig Dis 2015; 33 (5): 642–7.
13. Wong RJ et al. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is the second leading etiology of liver disease among adults awaiting liver transplantation in the United States. Gastroenterology 2015; 148 (3): 547–55.
14. Perumpail RB. Pathogenesis of hepatocarcinogenesis in non-cirrhotic nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Potential mechanistic pathways. World J Hepatol 2015; 7 (22): 2384–8.
15. Rahman R et al. Primary hepatocellular carcinoma and metabolic syndrome: an update. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2013; 5 (9): 186–94.
16. Rinella ME. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review. JAMA 2015; 313 (22): 2263–73.
17. Targher G, Byrne CD, Lonardo A et al. Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of incident cardiovascular disease: a meta‐analysis. J Hepatol 2016; 65: 589–600.
18. Драпкина О.М., Яфарова А.А. Неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени и сердечно-сосудистый риск: состояние проблемы. Рациональная фармакотерапия в кардиологии. 2017; 13 (5): 645–50.
[Drapkina O.M., Iafarova A.A. Nealkogol'naia zhirovaia bolezn' pecheni i serdechno-sosudistyi risk: sostoianie problemy. Ratsional'naia farmakoterapiia v kardiologii. 2017; 13 (5): 645–50 (in Russian).]
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[Komshilova K.A., Troshina E.A. Ozhirenie i nealkogol'naia zhirovaia bolezn' pecheni: metabolicheskie riski i ikh korrektsiia. Ozhirenie i metabolizm. 2015; 2 (12): 35–9 (in Russian).]
22. Dunaieva I et al. Adiponectin and a violation of metabolic control at different stages of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. Georgian Med News 2016; 250: 40–6.
23. Osegbe I, Okpara E, Azinge E. Relationship between serum leptin and insulin resistance among obese Nigerian women. Ann Afr Med 2016; 15 (1): 14–9.
24. Ghantous CM et al. Differential Role of Leptin and Adiponectin in Cardiovascular System. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015: 1–13.
25. Sutton AK, Myers Jr, Olson DP. The Role of PVH Circuits in Leptin Action and Energy Balance. Ann Rev Physiol 2016; 78: 207–21.
26. Tilg H, Diehl A, Li Z et al. Cytokines and pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Gut 2005; 54: 303–6.
27. Xu X, Lu L, Dong Q et al. Research advances in the relationship between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and atherosclerosis. Lipids Health Dis 2015; 14: 158.
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29. Yun MR, Seo JM, Park HY. Visfatin contributes to the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages through the differential regulation of inflammatory cytokines in THP-1 cells. Cell Signal 2014; 26 (4): 705–15.
30. Waluga M et al. Visfatin and TGF-B1 in primary biliary cirrhosis and two other common liver diseases. Folia Med Cracov 2015; 55 (4): 59–70.
31. Jung UJ, Choi MS. Obesity and its metabolic complications: the role of adipokines and the relationship between obesity, inflammation, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15 (4): 6184–223.
32. Bays HE et al. National Lipid Association Annual Summary of Clinical Lipidology 2016. J Clin Lipidol 2016; 10( 1): S1–S43.
33. Bonci E, Chiesa C, Versacci P et al. Association of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease with Subclinical Cardiovascular Changes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Biomed Res Int 2015; 2015: 213737.
34. Sunbul M, Agirbasli M, Durmus E et al. Arterial stiffness in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is related to fibrosis stage and epicardial adipose tissue thickness. Atherosclerosis 2014; 237 (2): 490–3.
35. Petta S, Argano C, Colomba D et al. Epicardial fat, cardiac geometry and cardiac function in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: association with severity of liver disease. J Hepatology 2015; 62 (4): 928–33.
36. Alp H, Karaarslan S, Selver Eklioglu B et al. Association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular risk in obese children and adolescents. Can J Cardiol 2013; 29 (9): 1118–25.
37. Fracanzani AL, Pisano G, Consonni D et al. Epicardial Adipose Tissue (EAT) Thickness Is Associated with Cardiovascular and Liver Damage in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. PLoS ONE 2016; 11 (9): e0162473.
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14. Perumpail RB. Pathogenesis of hepatocarcinogenesis in non-cirrhotic nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Potential mechanistic pathways. World J Hepatol 2015; 7 (22): 2384–8.
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16. Rinella ME. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review. JAMA 2015; 313 (22): 2263–73.
17. Targher G, Byrne CD, Lonardo A et al. Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of incident cardiovascular disease: a meta‐analysis. J Hepatol 2016; 65: 589–600.
18. Drapkina O.M., Iafarova A.A. Nealkogol'naia zhirovaia bolezn' pecheni i serdechno-sosudistyi risk: sostoianie problemy. Ratsional'naia farmakoterapiia v kardiologii. 2017; 13 (5): 645–50 (in Russian).
19. Liu J, Han L, Zhu L, Yu Y. Free fatty acids, not triglycerides, are associated with non-alcoholic liver injury progression in high fat diet induced obese rats. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15 (1): 27.
20. Wang PX et al. Hepatocyte TRAF3 promotes liver steatosis and systemic insulin resistance through targeting TAK1-dependent signaling. Nat Commun 2016; 7: 1–30.
21. Komshilova K.A., Troshina E.A. Ozhirenie i nealkogol'naia zhirovaia bolezn' pecheni: metabolicheskie riski i ikh korrektsiia. Ozhirenie i metabolizm. 2015; 2 (12): 35–9 (in Russian).
22. Dunaieva I et al. Adiponectin and a violation of metabolic control at different stages of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. Georgian Med News 2016; 250: 40–6.
23. Osegbe I, Okpara E, Azinge E. Relationship between serum leptin and insulin resistance among obese Nigerian women. Ann Afr Med 2016; 15 (1): 14–9.
24. Ghantous CM et al. Differential Role of Leptin and Adiponectin in Cardiovascular System. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015: 1–13.
25. Sutton AK, Myers Jr, Olson DP. The Role of PVH Circuits in Leptin Action and Energy Balance. Ann Rev Physiol 2016; 78: 207–21.
26. Tilg H, Diehl A, Li Z et al. Cytokines and pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Gut 2005; 54: 303–6.
27. Xu X, Lu L, Dong Q et al. Research advances in the relationship between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and atherosclerosis. Lipids Health Dis 2015; 14: 158.
28. Gencer B. et al. Association between resistin levels and cardiovascular disease events in older adults: The health, aging and body composition study. Atherosclerosis 2016; 245: 181–6.
29. Yun MR, Seo JM, Park HY. Visfatin contributes to the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages through the differential regulation of inflammatory cytokines in THP-1 cells. Cell Signal 2014; 26 (4): 705–15.
30. Waluga M et al. Visfatin and TGF-B1 in primary biliary cirrhosis and two other common liver diseases. Folia Med Cracov 2015; 55 (4): 59–70.
31. Jung UJ, Choi MS. Obesity and its metabolic complications: the role of adipokines and the relationship between obesity, inflammation, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15 (4): 6184–223.
32. Bays HE et al. National Lipid Association Annual Summary of Clinical Lipidology 2016. J Clin Lipidol 2016; 10( 1): S1–S43.
33. Bonci E, Chiesa C, Versacci P et al. Association of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease with Subclinical Cardiovascular Changes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Biomed Res Int 2015; 2015: 213737.
34. Sunbul M, Agirbasli M, Durmus E et al. Arterial stiffness in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is related to fibrosis stage and epicardial adipose tissue thickness. Atherosclerosis 2014; 237 (2): 490–3.
35. Petta S, Argano C, Colomba D et al. Epicardial fat, cardiac geometry and cardiac function in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: association with severity of liver disease. J Hepatology 2015; 62 (4): 928–33.
36. Alp H, Karaarslan S, Selver Eklioglu B et al. Association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular risk in obese children and adolescents. Can J Cardiol 2013; 29 (9): 1118–25.
37. Fracanzani AL, Pisano G, Consonni D et al. Epicardial Adipose Tissue (EAT) Thickness Is Associated with Cardiovascular and Liver Damage in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. PLoS ONE 2016; 11 (9): e0162473.
Авторы
М.А. Ливзан, О.В. Гаус, Н.А. Николаев
ФГБОУ ВО «Омский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России, Омск, Россия
*mlivzan@yandex.ruп
Omsk State Medical University, Omsk, Russia
*mlivzan@yandex.ru
ФГБОУ ВО «Омский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России, Омск, Россия
*mlivzan@yandex.ruп
________________________________________________
Omsk State Medical University, Omsk, Russia
*mlivzan@yandex.ru
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