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Вторичная профилактика инсульта: взгляд терапевта и кардиолога
Вторичная профилактика инсульта: взгляд терапевта и кардиолога
Резник Е.В., Джиоева О.Н., Камчатнов П.Р., Никитин И.Г. Вторичная профилактика инсульта: взгляд терапевта и кардиолога. Неврология и Ревматология (Прил. к журн. Consilium Medicum). 2019; 1: 12–24. DOI: 10.26442/2414357X.2019.1.190366
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Аннотация
Инсульт является важнейшей не только медицинской, но и социальной проблемой, поскольку это одна из наиболее частых причин смертности и самая частая причина инвалидизации населения. Вопросы профилактики инсульта – важнейшая междисциплинарная проблема, так как находятся в компетенции не только неврологов, но и кардиологов. Именно заболевания сердечно-сосудистой системы, такие как неконтролируемая артериальная гипертензия и фибрилляция предсердий, являются основными причинами развития инсульта. Вопросы вторичной профилактики инсульта в равной степени находятся в профессиональной компетенции неврологов и кардиологов. В нашей статье мы подробно обсудили вопросы вторичной профилактики инсульта, медикаментозную коррекцию с точки зрения коморбидности и сердечно-сосудистых рисков. Представленные данные являются актуальными и согласуются с международными и национальными рекомендациями по терапии артериальной гипертензии, фибрилляции предсердий, лечению и профилактике нарушений мозгового кровообращения.
Ключевые слова: инсульт, инфаркт головного мозга, транзиторная ишемическая атака, фибрилляция предсердий, статины, антитромботическая терапия.
Key words: stroke, cerebral infarction, transient ischemic attack, atrial fibrillation, statins, antithrombotic therapy.
Ключевые слова: инсульт, инфаркт головного мозга, транзиторная ишемическая атака, фибрилляция предсердий, статины, антитромботическая терапия.
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Key words: stroke, cerebral infarction, transient ischemic attack, atrial fibrillation, statins, antithrombotic therapy.
Полный текст
Список литературы
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29. Patel MR, Mahaffey KW, Garg J et al. Rivaroxaban versus warfarin in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2011; 365 (10): 883–91.
30. Powers WJ, Rabinstein AA, Ackerson T et al. 2018 Guidelines for the Early Management of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 2018; 49 (3): e46–e110.
31. Qureshi WT, Kaplan RC, Swett K et al. American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) Class I Guidelines for the Treatment of Cholesterol to Reduce Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk: Implications for US Hispanics/Latinos Based on Findings From the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6 (5).
32. Rashid P, Leonardi-Bee J, Bath P. Blood pressure reduction and secondary prevention of stroke and other vascular events: a systematic review. Stroke 2003; 34 (11): 2741–8.
33. Rothwell PM, Algra A, Chen Z et al. Effects of aspirin on risk and severity of early recurrent stroke after transient ischaemic attack and ischaemic stroke: time-course analysis of randomised trials. Lancet 2016; 388 (10042): 365–75.
34. Ruff CT, Giugliano RP, Braunwald E et al. Comparison of the efficacy and safety of new oral anticoagulants with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis of randomised trials. Lancet 2014; 383 (9921): 955–62.
35. Sibon I, Orgogozo JM. Antiplatelet drug discontinuation is a risk factor for ischemic stroke. Neurology 2004; 62 (7): 1187–9.
36. Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Hypertension 2018; 71 (6): e13–e115.
37. Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W et al. 2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. Eur Heart J 2018; 39 (33): 3021–104.
38. Yumuk V, Tsigos C, Fried M et al. European Guidelines for Obesity Management in Adults. Obes Facts 2015; 8 (6): 402–24.
2. Gusev E.I., Konovalov A.N., Gekht A.B. Nevrologiia. Natsional'noe rukovodstvo. Kratkoe izdanie. M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2018. [in Russian]
3. Alferova V.V., Belkin A.A., Vozniuk I.A. i dr. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii po vedeniiu bol'nykh s ishemicheskim insul'tom i tranzitornymi ishemicheskimi atakami. M., 2017. [in Russian]
4. Denisov I.N., Kandyba D.V., Kuznetsova O.Iu. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii: diagnostika i taktika pri insul'te v usloviiakh obshchei vrachebnoi praktiki, vkliuchaia pervichnuiu i vtorichnuiu profilaktiku HTTP. M., 2013; s. 33. [in Russian]
5. Ezhov M.V., Sergienko I.V., Aronov D.M. i dr. Diagnostika i korrektsiia narushenii lipidnogo obmena s tsel'iu profilaktiki i lecheniia ateroskleroza. Rossiiskie rekomendatsii. VI peresmotr. Ateroskleroz i dislipidemii. 2017; 3: 5–22. [in Russian]
6. Kuznetsov A.N., Vinogradov O.I., Kucherenko S.S., Ishemicheskii insul't. Diagnostika. Lechenie. Profilaktika. Karmannyi spravochnik. M.: Izd-vo RAEN, 2012. [in Russian]
7. Moiseev V.S., Mukhin N.A., Smirnov A.V. Serdechno-sosudistyi risk i khronicheskaia bolezn' pochek: strategii kardio-nefroprotektsii. Ros. kardiologicheskii zhurn. 2014; 112 (8): 7–37. [in Russian]
8. Reznik E.V., Nikitin I.G. Novye rekomendatsii ASS/AHA i ESC/ESH po arterial'noi gipertonii. Kardiovaskuliarnaia terapiia i profilaktika. 2018; 17 (5): 99–119. [in Russian]
9. Stakhovskaia L.V., Klochikhina O.A., Bogatyreva M.D. Epidemiologiia insul'ta v Rossii po rezul'tatam territorial'no-populiatsionnogo registra (2009–2010). Zhurn. nevrologii i psikhiatrii. 2013; 5: 4–10. [in Russian]
10. Rekomendatsii po vedeniiu bol'nykh s metabolicheskim sindromom. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii. M., 2013. [in Russian]
11. High-Dose Atorvastatin after Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack. N Engl J Med 2018.
12. Adams HPJr, Bendixen BH, Kappelle LJ et al. Classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke. Definitions for use in a multicenter clinical trial. TOAST. Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment. Stroke 1993; 24 (1): 35–41.
13. Amarenco P, Bogousslavsky J, Callahan A 3rd et al. High-dose atorvastatin after stroke or transient ischemic attack. N Engl J Med 2006; 355 (6): 549–59.
14. American Diabetes Association. 10. Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2019. Diabetes Care 2019; 42 (Suppl. 1): S103–S123.
15. Antithrombotic Trialists Collaboration. Collaborative meta-analysis of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk patients. BMJ 2002; 324 (7329): 71–86.
16. Catapano AL, Graham I, De Backer G et al. 2016 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidaemias. Eur Heart J 2016; 37 (39): 2999–3058.
17. Granger CB, Alexander JH, McMurray JJ et al. Apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2011; 365 (11): 981–92.
18. Heidbuchel H, Verhamme P, Alings M et al. Updated European Heart Rhythm Association Practical Guide on the use of non-vitamin K antagonist anticoagulants in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Europace 2015; 17 (10): 1467–507.
19. Jensen MD, Ryan DH, Apovian CM et al. 2013 AHA/ACC/TOS guideline for the management of overweight and obesity in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and The Obesity Society. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014; 63 (25 Pt B): 2985–3023.
20. Kernan WN, Ovbiagele B, Black HR et al. Guidelines for the prevention of stroke in patients with stroke and transient ischemic attack: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 2014; 45 (7): 2160–236.
21. Kirchhof P, Benussi S, Kotecha D et al. 2016 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS. Eur Heart J 2016; 37 (38): 2893–962.
22. Kuramatsu JB, Gerner ST, Schellinger PD et al. Anticoagulant reversal, blood pressure levels, and anticoagulant resumption in patients with anticoagulation-related intracerebral hemorrhage. JAMA 2015; 313 (8): 824–36.
23. Lip GY, Lane DA. Modern management of atrial fibrillation requires initial identification of "low-risk" patients using the CHA2DS2-VASc score, and not focusing on "high-risk" prediction. Circ J 2014; 78 (8): 1843–5.
24. Lip GY, Lane DA. Stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: a systematic review. JAMA 2015; 313 (19): 1950–62.
25. Lip GY, Nieuwlaat R, Pisters R et al. Refining clinical risk stratification for predicting stroke and thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation using a novel risk factor-based approach: the euro heart survey on atrial fibrillation. Chest 2010; 137 (2): 263–72.
26. Mancia G, Fagard R, Narkiewicz K et al. 2013 ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. Blood Press 2013.
27. Nielsen PB, Larsen TB, Skjoth F et al. Restarting anticoagulant treatment after intracranial hemorrhage in patients with atrial fibrillation and the impact on recurrent stroke, mortality, and bleeding. A Nationwide Cohort Study. Circulation 2015; 132 (6): 517–25.
28. Paciaroni M, Agnelli G. Should oral anticoagulants be restarted after warfarin-associated cerebral haemorrhage in patients with atrial fibrillation? Thromb Haemost 2014; 111 (1): 14–8.
29. Patel MR, Mahaffey KW, Garg J et al. Rivaroxaban versus warfarin in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2011; 365 (10): 883–91.
30. Powers WJ, Rabinstein AA, Ackerson T et al. 2018 Guidelines for the Early Management of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 2018; 49 (3): e46–e110.
31. Qureshi WT, Kaplan RC, Swett K et al. American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) Class I Guidelines for the Treatment of Cholesterol to Reduce Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk: Implications for US Hispanics/Latinos Based on Findings From the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6 (5).
32. Rashid P, Leonardi-Bee J, Bath P. Blood pressure reduction and secondary prevention of stroke and other vascular events: a systematic review. Stroke 2003; 34 (11): 2741–8.
33. Rothwell PM, Algra A, Chen Z et al. Effects of aspirin on risk and severity of early recurrent stroke after transient ischaemic attack and ischaemic stroke: time-course analysis of randomised trials. Lancet 2016; 388 (10042): 365–75.
34. Ruff CT, Giugliano RP, Braunwald E et al. Comparison of the efficacy and safety of new oral anticoagulants with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis of randomised trials. Lancet 2014; 383 (9921): 955–62.
35. Sibon I, Orgogozo JM. Antiplatelet drug discontinuation is a risk factor for ischemic stroke. Neurology 2004; 62 (7): 1187–9.
36. Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Hypertension 2018; 71 (6): e13–e115.
37. Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W et al. 2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. Eur Heart J 2018; 39 (33): 3021–104.
38. Yumuk V, Tsigos C, Fried M et al. European Guidelines for Obesity Management in Adults. Obes Facts 2015; 8 (6): 402–24.
2. Гусев Е.И., Коновалов А.Н., Гехт А.Б. Неврология. Национальное руководство. Краткое издание. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2018. / Gusev E.I., Konovalov A.N., Gekht A.B. Nevrologiia. Natsional'noe rukovodstvo. Kratkoe izdanie. M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2018. [in Russian]
3. Алферова В.В., Белкин А.А., Вознюк И.А. и др. Клинические рекомендации по ведению больных с ишемическим инсультом и транзиторными ишемическими атаками. М., 2017. / Alferova V.V., Belkin A.A., Vozniuk I.A. i dr. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii po vedeniiu bol'nykh s ishemicheskim insul'tom i tranzitornymi ishemicheskimi atakami. M., 2017. [in Russian]
4. Денисов И.Н., Кандыба Д.В., Кузнецова О.Ю. Клинические рекомендации: диагностика и тактика при инсульте в условиях общей врачебной практики, включая первичную и вторичную профилактику HTTP. М., 2013; с. 33. / Denisov I.N., Kandyba D.V., Kuznetsova O.Iu. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii: diagnostika i taktika pri insul'te v usloviiakh obshchei vrachebnoi praktiki, vkliuchaia pervichnuiu i vtorichnuiu profilaktiku HTTP. M., 2013; s. 33. [in Russian]
5. Ежов М.В., Сергиенко И.В., Аронов Д.М. и др. Диагностика и коррекция нарушений липидного обмена с целью профилактики и лечения атеросклероза. Российские рекомендации. VI пересмотр. Атеросклероз и дислипидемии. 2017; 3: 5–22. / Ezhov M.V., Sergienko I.V., Aronov D.M. i dr. Diagnostika i korrektsiia narushenii lipidnogo obmena s tsel'iu profilaktiki i lecheniia ateroskleroza. Rossiiskie rekomendatsii. VI peresmotr. Ateroskleroz i dislipidemii. 2017; 3: 5–22. [in Russian]
6. Кузнецов А.Н., Виноградов О.И., Кучеренко С.С., Ишемический инсульт. Диагностика. Лечение. Профилактика. Карманный справочник. М.: Изд-во РАЕН, 2012. / Kuznetsov A.N., Vinogradov O.I., Kucherenko S.S., Ishemicheskii insul't. Diagnostika. Lechenie. Profilaktika. Karmannyi spravochnik. M.: Izd-vo RAEN, 2012. [in Russian]
7. Моисеев В.С., Мухин Н.А., Смирнов А.В. Сердечно-сосудистый риск и хроническая болезнь почек: стратегии кардио-нефропротекции. Рос. кардиологический журн. 2014; 112 (8): 7–37. / Moiseev V.S., Mukhin N.A., Smirnov A.V. Serdechno-sosudistyi risk i khronicheskaia bolezn' pochek: strategii kardio-nefroprotektsii. Ros. kardiologicheskii zhurn. 2014; 112 (8): 7–37. [in Russian]
8. Резник Е.В., Никитин И.Г. Новые рекомендации АСС/AHA и ESC/ESH по артериальной гипертонии. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2018; 17 (5): 99–119. / Reznik E.V., Nikitin I.G. Novye rekomendatsii ASS/AHA i ESC/ESH po arterial'noi gipertonii. Kardiovaskuliarnaia terapiia i profilaktika. 2018; 17 (5): 99–119. [in Russian]
9. Стаховская Л.В., Клочихина О.А., Богатырева М.Д. Эпидемиология инсульта в России по результатам территориально-популяционного регистра (2009–2010). Журн. неврологии и психиатрии. 2013; 5: 4–10. / Stakhovskaia L.V., Klochikhina O.A., Bogatyreva M.D. Epidemiologiia insul'ta v Rossii po rezul'tatam territorial'no-populiatsionnogo registra (2009–2010). Zhurn. nevrologii i psikhiatrii. 2013; 5: 4–10. [in Russian]
10. Рекомендации по ведению больных с метаболическим синдромом. Клинические рекомендации. М., 2013. / Rekomendatsii po vedeniiu bol'nykh s metabolicheskim sindromom. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii. M., 2013. [in Russian]
11. High-Dose Atorvastatin after Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack. N Engl J Med 2018.
12. Adams HPJr, Bendixen BH, Kappelle LJ et al. Classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke. Definitions for use in a multicenter clinical trial. TOAST. Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment. Stroke 1993; 24 (1): 35–41.
13. Amarenco P, Bogousslavsky J, Callahan A 3rd et al. High-dose atorvastatin after stroke or transient ischemic attack. N Engl J Med 2006; 355 (6): 549–59.
14. American Diabetes Association. 10. Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2019. Diabetes Care 2019; 42 (Suppl. 1): S103–S123.
15. Antithrombotic Trialists Collaboration. Collaborative meta-analysis of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk patients. BMJ 2002; 324 (7329): 71–86.
16. Catapano AL, Graham I, De Backer G et al. 2016 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidaemias. Eur Heart J 2016; 37 (39): 2999–3058.
17. Granger CB, Alexander JH, McMurray JJ et al. Apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2011; 365 (11): 981–92.
18. Heidbuchel H, Verhamme P, Alings M et al. Updated European Heart Rhythm Association Practical Guide on the use of non-vitamin K antagonist anticoagulants in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Europace 2015; 17 (10): 1467–507.
19. Jensen MD, Ryan DH, Apovian CM et al. 2013 AHA/ACC/TOS guideline for the management of overweight and obesity in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and The Obesity Society. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014; 63 (25 Pt B): 2985–3023.
20. Kernan WN, Ovbiagele B, Black HR et al. Guidelines for the prevention of stroke in patients with stroke and transient ischemic attack: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 2014; 45 (7): 2160–236.
21. Kirchhof P, Benussi S, Kotecha D et al. 2016 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS. Eur Heart J 2016; 37 (38): 2893–962.
22. Kuramatsu JB, Gerner ST, Schellinger PD et al. Anticoagulant reversal, blood pressure levels, and anticoagulant resumption in patients with anticoagulation-related intracerebral hemorrhage. JAMA 2015; 313 (8): 824–36.
23. Lip GY, Lane DA. Modern management of atrial fibrillation requires initial identification of "low-risk" patients using the CHA2DS2-VASc score, and not focusing on "high-risk" prediction. Circ J 2014; 78 (8): 1843–5.
24. Lip GY, Lane DA. Stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: a systematic review. JAMA 2015; 313 (19): 1950–62.
25. Lip GY, Nieuwlaat R, Pisters R et al. Refining clinical risk stratification for predicting stroke and thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation using a novel risk factor-based approach: the euro heart survey on atrial fibrillation. Chest 2010; 137 (2): 263–72.
26. Mancia G, Fagard R, Narkiewicz K et al. 2013 ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. Blood Press 2013.
27. Nielsen PB, Larsen TB, Skjoth F et al. Restarting anticoagulant treatment after intracranial hemorrhage in patients with atrial fibrillation and the impact on recurrent stroke, mortality, and bleeding. A Nationwide Cohort Study. Circulation 2015; 132 (6): 517–25.
28. Paciaroni M, Agnelli G. Should oral anticoagulants be restarted after warfarin-associated cerebral haemorrhage in patients with atrial fibrillation? Thromb Haemost 2014; 111 (1): 14–8.
29. Patel MR, Mahaffey KW, Garg J et al. Rivaroxaban versus warfarin in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2011; 365 (10): 883–91.
30. Powers WJ, Rabinstein AA, Ackerson T et al. 2018 Guidelines for the Early Management of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 2018; 49 (3): e46–e110.
31. Qureshi WT, Kaplan RC, Swett K et al. American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) Class I Guidelines for the Treatment of Cholesterol to Reduce Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk: Implications for US Hispanics/Latinos Based on Findings From the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6 (5).
32. Rashid P, Leonardi-Bee J, Bath P. Blood pressure reduction and secondary prevention of stroke and other vascular events: a systematic review. Stroke 2003; 34 (11): 2741–8.
33. Rothwell PM, Algra A, Chen Z et al. Effects of aspirin on risk and severity of early recurrent stroke after transient ischaemic attack and ischaemic stroke: time-course analysis of randomised trials. Lancet 2016; 388 (10042): 365–75.
34. Ruff CT, Giugliano RP, Braunwald E et al. Comparison of the efficacy and safety of new oral anticoagulants with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis of randomised trials. Lancet 2014; 383 (9921): 955–62.
35. Sibon I, Orgogozo JM. Antiplatelet drug discontinuation is a risk factor for ischemic stroke. Neurology 2004; 62 (7): 1187–9.
36. Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Hypertension 2018; 71 (6): e13–e115.
37. Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W et al. 2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. Eur Heart J 2018; 39 (33): 3021–104.
38. Yumuk V, Tsigos C, Fried M et al. European Guidelines for Obesity Management in Adults. Obes Facts 2015; 8 (6): 402–24.
________________________________________________
2. Gusev E.I., Konovalov A.N., Gekht A.B. Nevrologiia. Natsional'noe rukovodstvo. Kratkoe izdanie. M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2018. [in Russian]
3. Alferova V.V., Belkin A.A., Vozniuk I.A. i dr. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii po vedeniiu bol'nykh s ishemicheskim insul'tom i tranzitornymi ishemicheskimi atakami. M., 2017. [in Russian]
4. Denisov I.N., Kandyba D.V., Kuznetsova O.Iu. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii: diagnostika i taktika pri insul'te v usloviiakh obshchei vrachebnoi praktiki, vkliuchaia pervichnuiu i vtorichnuiu profilaktiku HTTP. M., 2013; s. 33. [in Russian]
5. Ezhov M.V., Sergienko I.V., Aronov D.M. i dr. Diagnostika i korrektsiia narushenii lipidnogo obmena s tsel'iu profilaktiki i lecheniia ateroskleroza. Rossiiskie rekomendatsii. VI peresmotr. Ateroskleroz i dislipidemii. 2017; 3: 5–22. [in Russian]
6. Kuznetsov A.N., Vinogradov O.I., Kucherenko S.S., Ishemicheskii insul't. Diagnostika. Lechenie. Profilaktika. Karmannyi spravochnik. M.: Izd-vo RAEN, 2012. [in Russian]
7. Moiseev V.S., Mukhin N.A., Smirnov A.V. Serdechno-sosudistyi risk i khronicheskaia bolezn' pochek: strategii kardio-nefroprotektsii. Ros. kardiologicheskii zhurn. 2014; 112 (8): 7–37. [in Russian]
8. Reznik E.V., Nikitin I.G. Novye rekomendatsii ASS/AHA i ESC/ESH po arterial'noi gipertonii. Kardiovaskuliarnaia terapiia i profilaktika. 2018; 17 (5): 99–119. [in Russian]
9. Stakhovskaia L.V., Klochikhina O.A., Bogatyreva M.D. Epidemiologiia insul'ta v Rossii po rezul'tatam territorial'no-populiatsionnogo registra (2009–2010). Zhurn. nevrologii i psikhiatrii. 2013; 5: 4–10. [in Russian]
10. Rekomendatsii po vedeniiu bol'nykh s metabolicheskim sindromom. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii. M., 2013. [in Russian]
11. High-Dose Atorvastatin after Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack. N Engl J Med 2018.
12. Adams HPJr, Bendixen BH, Kappelle LJ et al. Classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke. Definitions for use in a multicenter clinical trial. TOAST. Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment. Stroke 1993; 24 (1): 35–41.
13. Amarenco P, Bogousslavsky J, Callahan A 3rd et al. High-dose atorvastatin after stroke or transient ischemic attack. N Engl J Med 2006; 355 (6): 549–59.
14. American Diabetes Association. 10. Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2019. Diabetes Care 2019; 42 (Suppl. 1): S103–S123.
15. Antithrombotic Trialists Collaboration. Collaborative meta-analysis of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk patients. BMJ 2002; 324 (7329): 71–86.
16. Catapano AL, Graham I, De Backer G et al. 2016 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidaemias. Eur Heart J 2016; 37 (39): 2999–3058.
17. Granger CB, Alexander JH, McMurray JJ et al. Apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2011; 365 (11): 981–92.
18. Heidbuchel H, Verhamme P, Alings M et al. Updated European Heart Rhythm Association Practical Guide on the use of non-vitamin K antagonist anticoagulants in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Europace 2015; 17 (10): 1467–507.
19. Jensen MD, Ryan DH, Apovian CM et al. 2013 AHA/ACC/TOS guideline for the management of overweight and obesity in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and The Obesity Society. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014; 63 (25 Pt B): 2985–3023.
20. Kernan WN, Ovbiagele B, Black HR et al. Guidelines for the prevention of stroke in patients with stroke and transient ischemic attack: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 2014; 45 (7): 2160–236.
21. Kirchhof P, Benussi S, Kotecha D et al. 2016 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS. Eur Heart J 2016; 37 (38): 2893–962.
22. Kuramatsu JB, Gerner ST, Schellinger PD et al. Anticoagulant reversal, blood pressure levels, and anticoagulant resumption in patients with anticoagulation-related intracerebral hemorrhage. JAMA 2015; 313 (8): 824–36.
23. Lip GY, Lane DA. Modern management of atrial fibrillation requires initial identification of "low-risk" patients using the CHA2DS2-VASc score, and not focusing on "high-risk" prediction. Circ J 2014; 78 (8): 1843–5.
24. Lip GY, Lane DA. Stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: a systematic review. JAMA 2015; 313 (19): 1950–62.
25. Lip GY, Nieuwlaat R, Pisters R et al. Refining clinical risk stratification for predicting stroke and thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation using a novel risk factor-based approach: the euro heart survey on atrial fibrillation. Chest 2010; 137 (2): 263–72.
26. Mancia G, Fagard R, Narkiewicz K et al. 2013 ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. Blood Press 2013.
27. Nielsen PB, Larsen TB, Skjoth F et al. Restarting anticoagulant treatment after intracranial hemorrhage in patients with atrial fibrillation and the impact on recurrent stroke, mortality, and bleeding. A Nationwide Cohort Study. Circulation 2015; 132 (6): 517–25.
28. Paciaroni M, Agnelli G. Should oral anticoagulants be restarted after warfarin-associated cerebral haemorrhage in patients with atrial fibrillation? Thromb Haemost 2014; 111 (1): 14–8.
29. Patel MR, Mahaffey KW, Garg J et al. Rivaroxaban versus warfarin in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2011; 365 (10): 883–91.
30. Powers WJ, Rabinstein AA, Ackerson T et al. 2018 Guidelines for the Early Management of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 2018; 49 (3): e46–e110.
31. Qureshi WT, Kaplan RC, Swett K et al. American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) Class I Guidelines for the Treatment of Cholesterol to Reduce Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk: Implications for US Hispanics/Latinos Based on Findings From the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6 (5).
32. Rashid P, Leonardi-Bee J, Bath P. Blood pressure reduction and secondary prevention of stroke and other vascular events: a systematic review. Stroke 2003; 34 (11): 2741–8.
33. Rothwell PM, Algra A, Chen Z et al. Effects of aspirin on risk and severity of early recurrent stroke after transient ischaemic attack and ischaemic stroke: time-course analysis of randomised trials. Lancet 2016; 388 (10042): 365–75.
34. Ruff CT, Giugliano RP, Braunwald E et al. Comparison of the efficacy and safety of new oral anticoagulants with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis of randomised trials. Lancet 2014; 383 (9921): 955–62.
35. Sibon I, Orgogozo JM. Antiplatelet drug discontinuation is a risk factor for ischemic stroke. Neurology 2004; 62 (7): 1187–9.
36. Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Hypertension 2018; 71 (6): e13–e115.
37. Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W et al. 2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. Eur Heart J 2018; 39 (33): 3021–104.
38. Yumuk V, Tsigos C, Fried M et al. European Guidelines for Obesity Management in Adults. Obes Facts 2015; 8 (6): 402–24.
Авторы
Е.В. Резник1,2, О.Н. Джиоева1,3, П.Р. Камчатнов1, И.Г. Никитин1
1. ФГБОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия;
2. ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница им. В.М. Буянова» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы, Москва, Россия;
3. ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница №24» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы, Москва, Россия
*elenaresnik@gmail.com
1. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia;
2. V.M. Buyanov City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia;
3. City Clinical Hospital №24, Moscow, Russia
*elenaresnik@gmail.com
1. ФГБОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия;
2. ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница им. В.М. Буянова» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы, Москва, Россия;
3. ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница №24» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы, Москва, Россия
*elenaresnik@gmail.com
________________________________________________
1. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia;
2. V.M. Buyanov City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia;
3. City Clinical Hospital №24, Moscow, Russia
*elenaresnik@gmail.com
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