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Гиполипидемическая терапия: доказанная эффективность и новые перспективы
Гиполипидемическая терапия: доказанная эффективность и новые перспективы
Кудина Е.В., Самкова И.А., Ларина В.Н. Гиполипидемическая терапия: доказанная эффективность и новые перспективы. Consilium Medicum. 2020; 22 (10): 55–60. DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2020.10.200292
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Аннотация
Обоснование. Гиперлипидемия является одним из важнейших факторов риска возникновения и прогрессирования сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний (ССЗ). В настоящее время используется несколько классов гиполипидемических лекарственных препаратов, доказавших свою эффективность на протяжении последних десятилетий. Однако у ряда пациентов отмечается непереносимость данных препаратов или не удается достичь целевых уровней липидного спектра на фоне применения максимальных доз и комбинированной терапии. Это диктует необходимость создания новых липидснижающих препаратов.
Цель. Представить данные доказанной эффективности широко применяемых препаратов в лечении гиперлипидемии и перспективы терапии данной патологии.
Материалы и методы. Проанализированы литературные источники, включая российские и европейские рекомендации за последние 10 лет.
Результаты. В статье представлены результаты многоцентровых международных рандомизированных клинических исследований, изучавших эффективность и безопасность основных классов липидснижающих препаратов в виде как моно-, так и комбинированной терапии. Обсуждаются показания к назначению фибратов, эзетимиба, омега-3-полиненасыщенных жирных кислот и ингибиторов фермента пропротеинконвертаза субтилизин/кексин типа 9 (PCSK9) в зависимости от клинических ситуаций. Представлена информация о механизмах действия новых липидснижающих препаратов – бемпедоевой кислоты и инклисирана. Приводятся результаты клинических исследований, изучавших эффективность и безопасность данных препаратов.
Заключение. Достижение целевых уровней показателей липидного обмена у пациентов с ССЗ является важным звеном в программе снижения риска развития и прогрессирования ССЗ. На данный момент основными препаратами для лечения гиперлипидемии остаются статины. Но у части пациентов для достижения цели требуется назначение комбинированной терапии, в которой могут использоваться как давно применяемые фибраты, эзетимиб, омега-3-полиненасыщенные жирные кислоты, так и наиболее новые препараты: ингибиторы PCSK9, бемпедоевая кислота и инклисиран.
Ключевые слова: гиперлипидемия, статины, фибраты, эзетимиб, ингибиторы PCSK9, омега-3-полиненасыщенные жирные кислоты, бемпедоевая кислота, инклисиран.
Aim. To present data on the proven efficacy of widely used drugs in the treatment of hyperlipidemia and the prospects for therapy of this pathology.
Materials and methods. We analysed literature sources, included European and Russian guidelines in the last 10 years.
Results. The article presents the results of multicenter international randomized clinical trials that studied the efficacy and safety of the main classes of lipid-lowering drugs, both in the form of mono- and combination therapy. The indications for the administration of fibrates, ezetimibe omega-3-fats and PCSK9 inhibitors, depending on clinical situations, are discussed. Information on the mechanisms of action of new lipid-lowering drugs – bempedoic acid and inclisiran is presented. The results of clinical trials studying the efficacy and safety of these drugs are presented.
Conclusion. Achieving the target levels of lipid metabolism in patients with cardiovascular diseases is an important link in the program to reduce the risk of development and progression of cardiovascular diseases. At the moment, statins remain the main drugs for the treatment of hyperlipidemia. But in some patients, in order to achieve the goal, the appointment of a combination therapy is required, in which both the long-used fibrates, ezetimibe, omega-3-fats, and the most recent drugs: PCSK9 inhibitors, bempedoic acid and inclisiran can be used.
Key words: hyperlipidemia, statins, fibrates, ezetimibe, PCSK9 inhibitors, omega-3-fats, bempedoic acid, incliciran.
Цель. Представить данные доказанной эффективности широко применяемых препаратов в лечении гиперлипидемии и перспективы терапии данной патологии.
Материалы и методы. Проанализированы литературные источники, включая российские и европейские рекомендации за последние 10 лет.
Результаты. В статье представлены результаты многоцентровых международных рандомизированных клинических исследований, изучавших эффективность и безопасность основных классов липидснижающих препаратов в виде как моно-, так и комбинированной терапии. Обсуждаются показания к назначению фибратов, эзетимиба, омега-3-полиненасыщенных жирных кислот и ингибиторов фермента пропротеинконвертаза субтилизин/кексин типа 9 (PCSK9) в зависимости от клинических ситуаций. Представлена информация о механизмах действия новых липидснижающих препаратов – бемпедоевой кислоты и инклисирана. Приводятся результаты клинических исследований, изучавших эффективность и безопасность данных препаратов.
Заключение. Достижение целевых уровней показателей липидного обмена у пациентов с ССЗ является важным звеном в программе снижения риска развития и прогрессирования ССЗ. На данный момент основными препаратами для лечения гиперлипидемии остаются статины. Но у части пациентов для достижения цели требуется назначение комбинированной терапии, в которой могут использоваться как давно применяемые фибраты, эзетимиб, омега-3-полиненасыщенные жирные кислоты, так и наиболее новые препараты: ингибиторы PCSK9, бемпедоевая кислота и инклисиран.
Ключевые слова: гиперлипидемия, статины, фибраты, эзетимиб, ингибиторы PCSK9, омега-3-полиненасыщенные жирные кислоты, бемпедоевая кислота, инклисиран.
________________________________________________
Aim. To present data on the proven efficacy of widely used drugs in the treatment of hyperlipidemia and the prospects for therapy of this pathology.
Materials and methods. We analysed literature sources, included European and Russian guidelines in the last 10 years.
Results. The article presents the results of multicenter international randomized clinical trials that studied the efficacy and safety of the main classes of lipid-lowering drugs, both in the form of mono- and combination therapy. The indications for the administration of fibrates, ezetimibe omega-3-fats and PCSK9 inhibitors, depending on clinical situations, are discussed. Information on the mechanisms of action of new lipid-lowering drugs – bempedoic acid and inclisiran is presented. The results of clinical trials studying the efficacy and safety of these drugs are presented.
Conclusion. Achieving the target levels of lipid metabolism in patients with cardiovascular diseases is an important link in the program to reduce the risk of development and progression of cardiovascular diseases. At the moment, statins remain the main drugs for the treatment of hyperlipidemia. But in some patients, in order to achieve the goal, the appointment of a combination therapy is required, in which both the long-used fibrates, ezetimibe, omega-3-fats, and the most recent drugs: PCSK9 inhibitors, bempedoic acid and inclisiran can be used.
Key words: hyperlipidemia, statins, fibrates, ezetimibe, PCSK9 inhibitors, omega-3-fats, bempedoic acid, incliciran.
Полный текст
Список литературы
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3. Muromtseva G.A., Kontsevaya A.V., Konstantinov V.V. et al. The prevalence of non-infectious diseases risk factors in Russian population in 2012–2013 years. The results of ECVD-RF. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2014; 13 (6): 4–11. https://doi.org/10.15829/1728-8800-2014-6-4-11 (in Russian).
4. Akhmedzhanov N.M., Nebieridze D.V., Safaryan A.S. Correction of Hypercholesterolemia in Primary and Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases: Features and Controversial Issues. Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology. 2018; 14 (6): 917–21. DOI: 10.20996/1819-6446-2018-14-6-917-921 (in Russian).
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7. Susekov A.V., Blohin A.B., Luginova Z.G. et al. Kuharchuk Statins in prevention of ischemic stroke. Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology. 2013; 9 (4): 409–16 (in Russian).
8. Napalkov D.A. The safety of statins: what a physician needs to know. Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology. 2014; 10 (3): 334–8 (in Russian).
9. Kazyulin A.N. Statins and the liver: a point of view from the gastroenterologist. Consilium Medicum. 2017; 19 (10): 89–95. DOI: 10.26442/2075-1753_19.10.89-95 (in Russian).
10. Drapkina O.M., Chernova E.M. Myopathy as a side effect of statin therapy: mechanisms of development and prospects for treatment. Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology. 2015; 11 (1): 96–101 (in Russian).
11. Drapkina O.M., Korneeva O.N., Sheptulina A.F. Statins and diabetes mellitus: risks and benefits. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2012; 11 (6): 85–90 (in Russian).
12. Ostroumova O.D. Statins and diabetes mellitus: cardiologist’s point of view. Consilium Medicum. 2018; 20 (1): 38–44. DOI: 10.26442/2075-1753_2018.1.38-44 (in Russian).
13. Kobalava Zh.D., Lazarev P.V., Villevalde S.V. Statins associated diabetes: state of the problem in 2018. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2018; 23 (9): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15829/1560-4071-2018-9-89-99 (in Russian).
14. Sorokin E.V., Karpov Y.A., Fomichev O.A. Pitavastatin is a new HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. Features and Benefits. Atmospherа. Cardiology news. 2017; 1: 32–40 (in Russian).
15. Vallejo-Vaz AJ, Kondapally Seshasai SR, Kurogi K et al. Effect of pitavastatin on glucose, HbA1c and incident diabetes: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials in individuals without diabetes. Atherosclerosis 2015; 241 (2): 409–18. DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.06.001
16. Catapano A., Kukharchuk V.V., Sergienko I.V. et al. Pitavastatin is a modern statin for the correction of dyslipidemia and the risk of cardiovascular complications. Resolution of the expert council. Atherosclerosis and dyslipidemia. 2017; 2: 105–7 (in Russian).
17. Bhatt DL, Steg PG, Miller M et al. Cardiovascular Risk Reduction with Icosapent Ethyl for Hypertriglyceridemia. N Engl J Med 2019; 380: 11–22. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1812792
18. Carey VJ, Bishop L, Laranjo N et al. Contribution of high plasma triglycerides and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to residual risk of coronary heart disease after establishment of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol control. Am J Cardiol 2010; 106 (6): 757–63. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard. 2010.05.002.14
19. Aguiar C, Alegria E, Bonadonna RC et al. A review of the evidence on reducing macrovascular risk in patients with atherogenic dyslipidaemia: A report from an expert consensus meeting on the role of fenofibrate-statin combination therapy. Atheroscler Suppl 2015; 19: 1–12. DOI: 10.1016/S1567-5688(15)30001-5
20. Correction of hypertriglyceridemia in order to reduce the residual risk in atherosclerosis-related diseases. Expert Council Opinion. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2019; 24 (9): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15829/1560-4071-2019-9-44-51 (in Russian).
21. Sergienko I.V. Inhibition of cholesterol absorption in the enterocytes. Atherosclerosis and dyslipidemia. 2012; 1: 37–47 (in Russian).
22. Baigent C, Landray MJ, Reith C et al., on behalf of the SHARP Investigators. The effects of lowering LDL cholesterol with simvastatin plus ezetimibe in patients with chronic kidney disease (Study of Heart and Renal Protection): a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2011; 377: 2181–92. DOI: 10.1016/S0140- 6736(11)60739-3
23. Martsevich S.Yu. News of evidence-based medicine: results of the IMPROVE-IT trial and their implications for clinical practice. Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology. 2015; 11 (2): 165–6 (in Russian).
24. Results of the clinical trial FOURIER. New opportunities for treatment of very high cardiovascular risk patients. Advisory Board of Russian Society of Cardiology (RSC), Russian National Atherosclerosis Society (RNAS), Russian Society of Cardiosomatic Rehabilitation and Secondary Prevention (RSCRSP). Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2017; 5 (145): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15829/1560-4071-2017-5-85-90 (in Russian).
25. Karpov Y.A. The Role of PCSK9 Inhibitors in the Improvement of Outcomes in Patients after Acute Coronary Syndrome: Results of ODYSSEY OUTCOMES Trial. Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology. 2018; 14 (6): 922–34. DOI: 10.20996/1819-6446-2018-14-6922-934 (in Russian).
26. Bhatt DL, Steg G, Miller M et al. Effects of Icosapent Ethyl on Total Ischemic Events: From
REDUCE-IT. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 73: 2791–802.
27. Cholesterol Treatment Trialists’ (CTT) Collaboration, Baigent C, Blackwell L, Emberson J et al. Efficacy and safety of more intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol: a meta-analysis of data from 170,000 participants in 26 randomised trials. Lancet 2010; 376: 1670–81.
28. Stamler J, Neaton JD, The Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT) – Importance Then and Now. JAMA 2008; 300 (11): 1343–5. DOI: 10.1001/jama.300.11.1343
29. Ference BA, Ray KK, Catapano AL et al. Mendelian Randomization Study of ACLY and Cardiovascular Disease. N Engl J Med 2019; 380: 1033–42. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1806747
30. Maciej Banach, P. Barton Duell, Antonio M. Gotto et al. Association of Bempedoic Acid Administration With Atherogenic Lipid Levels in Phase 3 Randomized Clinica l Trials of Patients With Hypercholesterolemia. JAMA Cardiol. DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.2314
31. Goldberg AC, Leiter LA, Stroes ESG et al. Effect of Bempedoic Acid vs Placebo Added to Maximally Tolerated Statins on Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Patients at High Risk for Cardiovascular Disease: The CLEAR Wisdom Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2019; 322 (18): 1780–8.
32. Jia X and Virani SS. CLEAR Serenity Trial: More Clarity for the Future of Bempedoic Acid in Patients Unable to Take Statins? J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8: e012352. DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.119.012352
33. Ray KK, Bays HE, Catapano AL et al., for the CLEAR Harmony Trial. Safety and Efficacy of Bempedoic Acid to Reduce LDL Cholesterol. N Engl J Med 2019; 380: 1022–32. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1803917
34. Ballantyne CM, Banach M, Mancini GBJ et al. Efficacy and safety of bempedoic acid added to ezetimibe in statin-intolerant patients with hypercholesterolemia: A randomized, placebo-controlled study. Atherosclerosis. 2018; 277: 195–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.06.002
35. Ray KK, Landmesser U, Leiter LA et al. Inclisiran in Patients at High Cardiovascular Risk with Elevated LDL Cholesterol. N Engl J Med 2017; 376: 1430–40. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1615758
36. Ray KK, Wright RS, Kallend D et al. for the ORION-10 and ORION-11 Investigators. Two Phase
3 Trials of Inclisiran in Patients with Elevated LDL Cholesterol. N Engl J Med 2020; 382: 1507–19. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1912387
2. Драпкина О.М., Самородская И.В., Ларина В.Н. Рекомендации Европейского общества кардиологов по диагностике и лечению хронических коронарных синдромов – вопрос приемлемости для первичного звена здравоохранения в Российской Федерации. Кардиология. 2020; 60 (4): 130–6.
[Drapkina O.M., Samorodskaya I.V., Larina V.N. Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Coronary Syndromes in Primary Health Care – the Issue of Acceptability for the Russian Federation. Kardiologiia. 2020; 60 (4): 130–6 (in Russian).]
3. Муромцева Г.А., Концевая А.В., Константинов В.В. и др. от имени участников исследования ЭССЕ-РФ. Распространенность факторов риска неинфекционных заболеваний в российской популяции в 2012–2013 гг. Результаты исследования ЭССЕ-РФ. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2014; 13 (6): 4–11. https://doi.org/10.15829/1728-8800-2014-6-4-11
[Muromtseva G.A., Kontsevaya A.V., Konstantinov V.V. et al. The prevalence of non-infectious diseases risk factors in Russian population in 2012–2013 years. The results of ECVD-RF. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2014; 13 (6): 4–11. https://doi.org/10.15829/1728-8800-2014-6-4-11 (in Russian).]
4. Ахмеджанов Н.М., Небиеридзе Д.В., Сафарян А.С. Коррекция гиперхолестеринемии в первичной и вторичной профилактике сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний: особенности и спорные вопросы. Рациональная фармакотерапия в кардиологии. 2018; 14 (6): 917–21. DOI: 10.20996/1819-6446-2018-14-6-917-921
[Akhmedzhanov N.M., Nebieridze D.V., Safaryan A.S. Correction of Hypercholesterolemia in Primary and Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases: Features and Controversial Issues. Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology. 2018; 14 (6): 917–21. DOI: 10.20996/1819-6446-2018-14-6-917-921 (in Russian).]
5. Карпов Ю.А. Статины как препараты первой линии профилактики и лечения атеросклероза и связанных с ним заболеваний. Атмосфера. Новости кардиологии. 2018; 1: 3–10.
[Karpov Y.A. Statins as first-line drugs for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis and related to it. Atmospherа. Cardiology news. 2018; 1: 3–10 (in Russian).]
6. Гоголашвили Н.Г. Аторвастатин – 20 лет в борьбе за жизнь. Рос. кардиол. журн. 2018;
2 (154): 134–49.
[Gogolashvili N.G. Atorvastatin – 20 years in the struggle for life. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2018; 2 (154): 134–49 (in Russian).]
7. Сусеков А.В., Блохин А.Б., Лугинова З.Г. и др. Cтатины в профилактике ишемического инсульта. Рациональная фармакотерапия в кардиологии. 2013; 9 (4): 409–16.
[Susekov A.V., Blohin A.B., Luginova Z.G. et al. Kuharchuk Statins in prevention of ischemic stroke. Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology. 2013; 9 (4): 409–16 (in Russian).]
8. Напалков Д.А. Безопасность статинов: что нужно знать практикующему врачу? Рациональная фармакотерапия в кардиологии. 2014; 10 (3): 334–8.
[Napalkov D.A. The safety of statins: what a physician needs to know. Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology. 2014; 10 (3): 334–8 (in Russian).]
9. Казюлин А.Н. Статины и печень: взгляд гастроэнтеролога. Consilium Medicum. 2017; 19 (10): 89–95. DOI: 10.26442/20751753_19.10.89-95
[Kazyulin A.N. Statins and the liver: a point of view from the gastroenterologist. Consilium Medicum. 2017; 19 (10): 89–95. DOI: 10.26442/2075-1753_19.10.89-95 (in Russian).]
10. Драпкина О.М., Чернова Е.М. Миопатия как побочный эффект терапии статинами: механизмы развития и перспективы лечения. Рациональная фармакотерапия в кардиологии. 2015; 11 (1): 96–101.
[Drapkina O.M., Chernova E.M. Myopathy as a side effect of statin therapy: mechanisms of development and prospects for treatment. Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology. 2015; 11 (1):
96–101 (in Russian).]
11. Драпкина О.М., Корнеева О.Н., Шептулина А.Ф. Статины и сахарный диабет: риск и польза. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2012; 11 (6): 85–90.
[Drapkina O.M., Korneeva O.N., Sheptulina A.F. Statins and diabetes mellitus: risks and benefits. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2012; 11 (6): 85–90 (in Russian).]
12. Остроумова О.Д. Статины и сахарный диабет: взгляд кардиолога. Consilium Medicum. 2018; 20 (1): 38–44. DOI: 10.26442/2075-1753_2018.1.38-44
[Ostroumova O.D. Statins and diabetes mellitus: cardiologist’s point of view. Consilium Medicum. 2018; 20 (1): 38–44. DOI: 10.26442/2075-1753_2018.1.38-44 (in Russian).]
13. Кобалава Ж.Д., Лазарев П.В., Виллевальде С.В. Cахарный диабет, ассоциированный с терапией статинами: статус проблемы 2018 год. Рос. кардиол. журн. 2018; 23 (9): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15829/1560-4071-2018-9-89-99
[Kobalava Zh.D., Lazarev P.V., Villevalde S.V. Statins associated diabetes: state of the problem in 2018. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2018; 23 (9): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15829/1560-4071-2018-9-89-99 (in Russian).]
14. Сорокин Е.В., Карпов Ю.А., Фомичева О.А. Питавастатин – новый ингибитор ГМГ-КоА-редуктазы. Особенности и преимущества. Атмосфера. Новости кардиологии. 2017; 1: 32–40.
[Sorokin E.V., Karpov Y.A., Fomichev O.A. Pitavastatin is a new HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. Features and Benefits. Atmospherа. Cardiology news. 2017; 1: 32–40 (in Russian).]
15. Vallejo-Vaz AJ, Kondapally Seshasai SR, Kurogi K et al. Effect of pitavastatin on glucose, HbA1c and incident diabetes: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials in individuals without diabetes. Atherosclerosis 2015; 241 (2): 409–18. DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.06.001
16. Катапано А., Кухарчук В.В., Сергиенко И.В. и др. Питавастатин – современный статин для коррекции дислипидемии и риска сердечно-сосудистых осложнений. Резолюция экспертного совета. Атеросклероз и дислипидемии. 2017; 2: 105–7.
[Catapano A., Kukharchuk V.V., Sergienko I.V. et al. Pitavastatin is a modern statin for the correction of dyslipidemia and the risk of cardiovascular complications. Resolution of the expert council. Atherosclerosis and dyslipidemia. 2017; 2: 105–7 (in Russian).]
17. Bhatt DL, Steg PG, Miller M et al. Cardiovascular Risk Reduction with Icosapent Ethyl for Hypertriglyceridemia. N Engl J Med 2019; 380: 11–22. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1812792
18. Carey VJ, Bishop L, Laranjo N et al. Contribution of high plasma triglycerides and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to residual risk of coronary heart disease after establishment of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol control. Am J Cardiol 2010; 106 (6): 757–63. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard. 2010.05.002.14
19. Aguiar C, Alegria E, Bonadonna RC et al. A review of the evidence on reducing macrovascular risk in patients with atherogenic dyslipidaemia: A report from an expert consensus meeting on the role of fenofibrate-statin combination therapy. Atheroscler Suppl 2015; 19: 1–12. DOI: 10.1016/S1567-5688(15)30001-5
20. Коррекция гипертриглицеридемии с целью снижения остаточного риска при заболеваниях, вызванных атеросклерозом. Заключение Совета экспертов. Рос. кардиол. журн. 2019; 24 (9): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15829/1560-4071-2019-9-44-51
[Correction of hypertriglyceridemia in order to reduce the residual risk in atherosclerosis-related diseases. Expert Council Opinion. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2019; 24 (9): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15829/1560-4071-2019-9-44-51 (in Russian).]
21. Сергиенко И.В. Ингибирование всасывания холестерина в энтероцитах. Атеросклероз
и дислипидемии. 2012; 1: 37–47.
[Sergienko I.V. Inhibition of cholesterol absorption in the enterocytes. Atherosclerosis and dyslipidemia. 2012; 1: 37–47 (in Russian).]
22. Baigent C, Landray MJ, Reith C et al., on behalf of the SHARP Investigators. The effects of lowering LDL cholesterol with simvastatin plus ezetimibe in patients with chronic kidney disease (Study of Heart and Renal Protection): a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2011; 377: 2181–92. DOI: 10.1016/S0140- 6736(11)60739-3
23. Марцевич С.Ю. Новости доказательной медицины: результаты исследования IMPROVE-IT и их значение для клинической практики. Рациональная фармакотерапия в кардиологии. 2015; 11 (2): 165–6.
[Martsevich S.Yu. News of evidence-based medicine: results of the IMPROVE-IT trial and their implications for clinical practice. Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology. 2015; 11 (2): 165–6 (in Russian).]
24. Результаты клинического исследования FOURIER. Новые возможности лечения пациентов очень высокого сердечно-сосудистого риска. Совет Экспертов Российского кардиологического общества (РКО), Национального общества по изучению атеросклероза (НОА), Российского общества кардиосоматической реабилитации и вторичной профилактики (РосОКР). Рос. кардиол. журн. 2017, 5 (145): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15829/1560-4071-2017-5-85-90
[Results of the clinical trial FOURIER. New opportunities for treatment of very high cardiovascular risk patients. Advisory Board of Russian Society of Cardiology (RSC), Russian National Atherosclerosis Society (RNAS), Russian Society of Cardiosomatic Rehabilitation and Secondary Prevention (RSCRSP). Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2017; 5 (145): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15829/1560-4071-2017-5-85-90 (in Russian).]
25. Карпов Ю.А. Ингибиторы PCSK9 в улучшении прогноза у пациентов после острого коронарного синдрома: данные исследования ODYSSEY OUTCOMES. Рациональная фармакотерапия в кардиологии. 2018; 14 (6): 922–34. DOI: 10.20996/1819-6446-2018-14-6922-934.
[Karpov Y.A. The Role of PCSK9 Inhibitors in the Improvement of Outcomes in Patients after Acute Coronary Syndrome: Results of ODYSSEY OUTCOMES Trial. Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology. 2018; 14 (6): 922–34. DOI: 10.20996/1819-6446-2018-14-6922-934 (in Russian).]
26. Bhatt DL, Steg G, Miller M et al. Effects of Icosapent Ethyl on Total Ischemic Events: From
REDUCE-IT. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 73: 2791–802.
27. Cholesterol Treatment Trialists’ (CTT) Collaboration, Baigent C, Blackwell L, Emberson J et al.
Efficacy and safety of more intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol: a meta-analysis of data from 170,000 participants in 26 randomised trials. Lancet 2010; 376: 1670–81.
28. Stamler J, Neaton JD, The Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT) – Importance Then and Now. JAMA 2008; 300 (11): 1343–5. DOI: 10.1001/jama.300.11.1343
29. Ference BA, Ray KK, Catapano AL et al. Mendelian Randomization Study of ACLY and Cardiovascular Disease. N Engl J Med 2019; 380: 1033–42. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1806747
30. Maciej Banach, P. Barton Duell, Antonio M. Gotto et al. Association of Bempedoic Acid Administration With Atherogenic Lipid Levels in Phase 3 Randomized Clinica l Trials of Patients With Hypercholesterolemia. JAMA Cardiol. DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.2314
31. Goldberg AC, Leiter LA, Stroes ESG et al. Effect of Bempedoic Acid vs Placebo Added to Maximally Tolerated Statins on Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Patients at High Risk for Cardiovascular Disease: The CLEAR Wisdom Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2019; 322 (18): 1780–8.
32. Jia X and Virani SS. CLEAR Serenity Trial: More Clarity for the Future of Bempedoic Acid in Patients Unable to Take Statins? J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8: e012352. DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.119.012352
33. Ray KK, Bays HE, Catapano AL et al., for the CLEAR Harmony Trial. Safety and Efficacy of Bempedoic Acid to Reduce LDL Cholesterol. N Engl J Med 2019; 380: 1022–32. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1803917
34. Ballantyne CM, Banach M, Mancini GBJ et al. Efficacy and safety of bempedoic acid added to ezetimibe in statin-intolerant patients with hypercholesterolemia: A randomized, placebo-controlled study. Atherosclerosis. 2018; 277: 195–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.06.002
35. Ray KK, Landmesser U, Leiter LA et al. Inclisiran in Patients at High Cardiovascular Risk with Elevated LDL Cholesterol. N Engl J Med 2017; 376: 1430–40. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1615758
36. Ray KK, Wright RS, Kallend D et al. for the ORION-10 and ORION-11 Investigators. Two Phase
3 Trials of Inclisiran in Patients with Elevated LDL Cholesterol. N Engl J Med 2020; 382: 1507–19. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1912387
________________________________________________
2. Drapkina O.M., Samorodskaya I.V., Larina V.N. Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Coronary Syndromes in Primary Health Care – the Issue of Acceptability for the Russian Federation. Kardiologiia. 2020; 60 (4): 130–6 (in Russian).
3. Muromtseva G.A., Kontsevaya A.V., Konstantinov V.V. et al. The prevalence of non-infectious diseases risk factors in Russian population in 2012–2013 years. The results of ECVD-RF. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2014; 13 (6): 4–11. https://doi.org/10.15829/1728-8800-2014-6-4-11 (in Russian).
4. Akhmedzhanov N.M., Nebieridze D.V., Safaryan A.S. Correction of Hypercholesterolemia in Primary and Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases: Features and Controversial Issues. Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology. 2018; 14 (6): 917–21. DOI: 10.20996/1819-6446-2018-14-6-917-921 (in Russian).
5. Karpov Y.A. Statins as first-line drugs for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis and related to it. Atmospherа. Cardiology news. 2018; 1: 3–10 (in Russian).
6. Gogolashvili N.G. Atorvastatin – 20 years in the struggle for life. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2018; 2 (154): 134–49 (in Russian).
7. Susekov A.V., Blohin A.B., Luginova Z.G. et al. Kuharchuk Statins in prevention of ischemic stroke. Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology. 2013; 9 (4): 409–16 (in Russian).
8. Napalkov D.A. The safety of statins: what a physician needs to know. Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology. 2014; 10 (3): 334–8 (in Russian).
9. Kazyulin A.N. Statins and the liver: a point of view from the gastroenterologist. Consilium Medicum. 2017; 19 (10): 89–95. DOI: 10.26442/2075-1753_19.10.89-95 (in Russian).
10. Drapkina O.M., Chernova E.M. Myopathy as a side effect of statin therapy: mechanisms of development and prospects for treatment. Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology. 2015; 11 (1): 96–101 (in Russian).
11. Drapkina O.M., Korneeva O.N., Sheptulina A.F. Statins and diabetes mellitus: risks and benefits. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2012; 11 (6): 85–90 (in Russian).
12. Ostroumova O.D. Statins and diabetes mellitus: cardiologist’s point of view. Consilium Medicum. 2018; 20 (1): 38–44. DOI: 10.26442/2075-1753_2018.1.38-44 (in Russian).
13. Kobalava Zh.D., Lazarev P.V., Villevalde S.V. Statins associated diabetes: state of the problem in 2018. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2018; 23 (9): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15829/1560-4071-2018-9-89-99 (in Russian).
14. Sorokin E.V., Karpov Y.A., Fomichev O.A. Pitavastatin is a new HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. Features and Benefits. Atmospherа. Cardiology news. 2017; 1: 32–40 (in Russian).
15. Vallejo-Vaz AJ, Kondapally Seshasai SR, Kurogi K et al. Effect of pitavastatin on glucose, HbA1c and incident diabetes: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials in individuals without diabetes. Atherosclerosis 2015; 241 (2): 409–18. DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.06.001
16. Catapano A., Kukharchuk V.V., Sergienko I.V. et al. Pitavastatin is a modern statin for the correction of dyslipidemia and the risk of cardiovascular complications. Resolution of the expert council. Atherosclerosis and dyslipidemia. 2017; 2: 105–7 (in Russian).
17. Bhatt DL, Steg PG, Miller M et al. Cardiovascular Risk Reduction with Icosapent Ethyl for Hypertriglyceridemia. N Engl J Med 2019; 380: 11–22. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1812792
18. Carey VJ, Bishop L, Laranjo N et al. Contribution of high plasma triglycerides and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to residual risk of coronary heart disease after establishment of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol control. Am J Cardiol 2010; 106 (6): 757–63. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard. 2010.05.002.14
19. Aguiar C, Alegria E, Bonadonna RC et al. A review of the evidence on reducing macrovascular risk in patients with atherogenic dyslipidaemia: A report from an expert consensus meeting on the role of fenofibrate-statin combination therapy. Atheroscler Suppl 2015; 19: 1–12. DOI: 10.1016/S1567-5688(15)30001-5
20. Correction of hypertriglyceridemia in order to reduce the residual risk in atherosclerosis-related diseases. Expert Council Opinion. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2019; 24 (9): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15829/1560-4071-2019-9-44-51 (in Russian).
21. Sergienko I.V. Inhibition of cholesterol absorption in the enterocytes. Atherosclerosis and dyslipidemia. 2012; 1: 37–47 (in Russian).
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Авторы
Е.В. Кудина*, И.А. Самкова, В.Н. Ларина
ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия
*e-kudina@mail.ru
Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
*e-kudina@mail.ru
ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия
*e-kudina@mail.ru
________________________________________________
Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
*e-kudina@mail.ru
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