1. Gerrard JW, Geddes CA, Reggin PL et al. Serum IgE levels in white and Métis communities in Saskatchewan. Ann Allergy 1976; 37: 91–100.
2. Strachan DP. Allergy and family size: a riddle worth solving. Clin Exp Allergy 1997; 27: 235–6.
3. Nakatsuji T et al. The microbiome extends to subepidermal compartments of normal skin. Nat Commun 2013; 4: 1431.
4. Yuki T et al. Activation of TLR2 enhances tight junction barrier in epidermal keratinocytes. J Immunol 2011; 187: 3230–7.
5. Lai Y et al. Commensal bacteria regulate Toll-like receptor 3-dependent inflammation after skin injury. Nat Med 2009; 15: 1377–82.
6. Lai Y et al. Activation of TLR2 by a small molecule produced by Staphylococcus epidermidis increases antimicrobial defense against bacterial skin infections. J Invest Dermatol 2010; 130: 2211–21.
7. Wanke I et al. Skin commensals amplify the innate immune response to pathogens by activation of distinct signaling pathways. J Invest Dermatol 2011; 131: 382–90.
8. Sala-Cunill A, Lazaro M, Herraez L et al. Basic skin care and topical therapies for atopic dermatitis: essential approaches and beyond. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2018; 28: 379–91.
9. Bjerre RD, Bandier J, Skov L et al. The role of the skin microbiome in atopic dermatitis: a systematic review. Br J Dermatol 2017; 177: 1272–8.
10. Iwamoto K, Moriwaki M, Miyake R, Hide M. Staphylococcus aureus in atopic dermatitis: strain-specific cell wall proteins and skin immunity. Allergol Int 2019; 68: 309–15. DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2019.02.006
11. Akiyama M. Corneocyte lipid envelope (CLE), the key structure for skin barrier function and ichthyosis pathogenesis. J Dermatol Sci 2017; 88: 3–9.
12. Byrd AL, Deming C, Cassidy SKB et al. Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis strain diversity underlying pediatric atopic dermatitis. Sci Transl Med 2017; 9: eaal4651. DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aal4651
13. Shi B, Bangayan NJ, Curd E et al. The skin microbiome is different in pediatric versus adult atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 138: 1233–6.
14. Kobayashi T, Glatz M, Horiuchi K et al. Dysbiosis and Staphylococcus aureus colonization drives inflammation in atopic dermatitis. Immunity 2015; 42: 756–66.
15. Claire E. Powers et al. Microbiome and pediatric atopic dermatitis. First published: 21 September 2015. 
DOI:  10.1111/1346-8138.13072
16. Inoue Y, Nakagawara R, Kambara T et al. Prevalence of atopic dermatitis in Japanese infants treated with moisturizer since birth and its relation to FLG mutations. Eur J Dermatol: EJD 2013; 23 (2): 288–9. PMID: 23518593
17. Verallo-Rowell VM, Dillague KM, Syah-Tjundawan BS. Novel antibacterial and emollient effects of coconut and virgin olive oils in adult atopic dermatitis. Dermatitis: Contact, Atopic, Occupational, Drug 2008; 19 (6): 308–15. PMID: 19134433.
18. Glatz M, Jo JH, Kennedy EA et al. Emollient use alters skin barrier and microbes in infants at risk for developing atopic dermatitis. PLOS ONE 2018; 13 (2): e0192443. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192443
19. Wollenberg A, Barbarot S, Bieber T et al. Consensus-based European guidelines for treatment of atopic eczema (atopic dermatitis) in adults and children: part I. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018; 32 (5): 657–82. DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14891
20. Wan P, Chen J, Calm A. Dispassionate Look at Skin Microbiota in Atopic Dermatitis: An Integrative Literature Review. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2020; 10 (1): 53–61.
21. Domenico et al. Microorganisms 2019; 7 (301).
22. Allen et al. JAMA Dermatol 2014; 150 (3): 260–5.
23. Gueniche A, Knaudt B, Schuck E et al. Effects of nonpathogenic gram-negative bacterium Vitreoscilla filiformis lysate on atopic dermatitis: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study. Br J Dermatol 2008; 159 (6): 1357–63. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08836.x
24. Observational study on 2012 children (1 month to 18 years old) having corticosteroids or anti-histamines.

________________________________________________

1. Gerrard JW, Geddes CA, Reggin PL et al. Serum IgE levels in white and Métis communities in Saskatchewan. Ann Allergy 1976; 37: 91–100.
2. Strachan DP. Allergy and family size: a riddle worth solving. Clin Exp Allergy 1997; 27: 235–6.
3. Nakatsuji T et al. The microbiome extends to subepidermal compartments of normal skin. Nat Commun 2013; 4: 1431.
4. Yuki T et al. Activation of TLR2 enhances tight junction barrier in epidermal keratinocytes. J Immunol 2011; 187: 3230–7.
5. Lai Y et al. Commensal bacteria regulate Toll-like receptor 3-dependent inflammation after skin injury. Nat Med 2009; 15: 1377–82.
6. Lai Y et al. Activation of TLR2 by a small molecule produced by Staphylococcus epidermidis increases antimicrobial defense against bacterial skin infections. J Invest Dermatol 2010; 130: 2211–21.
7. Wanke I et al. Skin commensals amplify the innate immune response to pathogens by activation of distinct signaling pathways. J Invest Dermatol 2011; 131: 382–90.
8. Sala-Cunill A, Lazaro M, Herraez L et al. Basic skin care and topical therapies for atopic dermatitis: essential approaches and beyond. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2018; 28: 379–91.
9. Bjerre RD, Bandier J, Skov L et al. The role of the skin microbiome in atopic dermatitis: a systematic review. Br J Dermatol 2017; 177: 1272–8.
10. Iwamoto K, Moriwaki M, Miyake R, Hide M. Staphylococcus aureus in atopic dermatitis: strain-specific cell wall proteins and skin immunity. Allergol Int 2019; 68: 309–15. DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2019.02.006
11. Akiyama M. Corneocyte lipid envelope (CLE), the key structure for skin barrier function and ichthyosis pathogenesis. J Dermatol Sci 2017; 88: 3–9.
12. Byrd AL, Deming C, Cassidy SKB et al. Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis strain diversity underlying pediatric atopic dermatitis. Sci Transl Med 2017; 9: eaal4651. DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aal4651
13. Shi B, Bangayan NJ, Curd E et al. The skin microbiome is different in pediatric versus adult atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 138: 1233–6.
14. Kobayashi T, Glatz M, Horiuchi K et al. Dysbiosis and Staphylococcus aureus colonization drives inflammation in atopic dermatitis. Immunity 2015; 42: 756–66.
15. Claire E. Powers et al. Microbiome and pediatric atopic dermatitis. First published: 21 September 2015. 
DOI:  10.1111/1346-8138.13072
16. Inoue Y, Nakagawara R, Kambara T et al. Prevalence of atopic dermatitis in Japanese infants treated with moisturizer since birth and its relation to FLG mutations. Eur J Dermatol: EJD 2013; 23 (2): 288–9. PMID: 23518593
17. Verallo-Rowell VM, Dillague KM, Syah-Tjundawan BS. Novel antibacterial and emollient effects of coconut and virgin olive oils in adult atopic dermatitis. Dermatitis: Contact, Atopic, Occupational, Drug 2008; 19 (6): 308–15. PMID: 19134433.
18. Glatz M, Jo JH, Kennedy EA et al. Emollient use alters skin barrier and microbes in infants at risk for developing atopic dermatitis. PLOS ONE 2018; 13 (2): e0192443. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192443
19. Wollenberg A, Barbarot S, Bieber T et al. Consensus-based European guidelines for treatment of atopic eczema (atopic dermatitis) in adults and children: part I. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018; 32 (5): 657–82. DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14891
20. Wan P, Chen J, Calm A. Dispassionate Look at Skin Microbiota in Atopic Dermatitis: An Integrative Literature Review. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2020; 10 (1): 53–61.
21. Domenico et al. Microorganisms 2019; 7 (301).
22. Allen et al. JAMA Dermatol 2014; 150 (3): 260–5.
23. Gueniche A, Knaudt B, Schuck E et al. Effects of nonpathogenic gram-negative bacterium Vitreoscilla filiformis lysate on atopic dermatitis: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study. Br J Dermatol 2008; 159 (6): 1357–63. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08836.x
24. Observational study on 2012 children (1 month to 18 years old) having corticosteroids or anti-histamines.