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Тардивная дискинезия
Тардивная дискинезия
Толмачева В.А. Тардивная дискинезия. Consilium Medicum. 2021;23(11):862–866. DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2021.11.201155
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Аннотация
Тардивная дискинезия (ТД) – группа гиперкинетических и гипокинетических двигательных расстройств, которые развиваются вследствие приема препаратов, блокирующих дофаминовые рецепторы. Выраженность этих синдромов варьирует от мягких форм до развития жизнеугрожающих ситуаций. Феноменологически ТД могут быть представлены как изолированно, так и в различных комбинациях. Распознавание этих синдромов на ранних стадиях развития ТД позволяет оптимизировать терапевтическое лечение и снизить риск тяжелых осложнений. В качестве терапии используют деутетрабеназин или валбеназин как препараты первой линии, при рефрактерности к терапии и в тяжелых случаях применяют препараты других групп (амантадин, баклофен, ботулинический токсин типа А, клоназепам, донепезил, габапентин, гинкго билоба, леветирацетам, мелатонин, ондансетрон, прегабалин, тиамин, верапамил, витамин В6, витамин Е). Собственный опыт ведения
12 пациентов с тардивной дистонией показал эффективность местного введения ботулинического токсина.
Ключевые слова: тардивная дискинезия, тардивный синдром, стереотипия, хорея, акатизия, миоклония, тремор, тики, дистония, ботулинический токсин типа А
Keywords: tardive dyskinesia, tardive syndrome, stereotypy, chorea, akathisia, myoclonus, tremor, tics, dystonia, botulinum toxin type A
12 пациентов с тардивной дистонией показал эффективность местного введения ботулинического токсина.
Ключевые слова: тардивная дискинезия, тардивный синдром, стереотипия, хорея, акатизия, миоклония, тремор, тики, дистония, ботулинический токсин типа А
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Keywords: tardive dyskinesia, tardive syndrome, stereotypy, chorea, akathisia, myoclonus, tremor, tics, dystonia, botulinum toxin type A
Полный текст
Список литературы
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10. McCreadie RG, Padmavati R, Thara R, Srinivasan TN. Spontaneous dyskinesia and parkinsonism in never-medicated, chronically ill patients with schizophrenia 18-month follow-up. Br J Psychiatry. 2002;181:135-7.
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27. Suzuki T, Matsuzaka H. Drug-induced Pisa syndrome (pleurothotonus): epidemiology and management. CNS Drugs. 2002;16(3):165-74. DOI:10.2165/00023210-200216030-00003
28. Stubner S, Padberg F, Grohmann R, et al. Pisa syndrome (pleurothotonus): report of a multicentre drug safety surveillance project. J Clin Psychiatry. 2000;61:569-74.
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30. Van Putten T, May PR, Marder SR. Akathisia with haloperidol and thithixene. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1984;41:1036-9. DOI:10.1001/archpsyc.1983.01790220026004
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DOI:10.1016/s0924-977x(02)00073-1
32. Barnes TR, Braude WM. Persistent akathisia associated with early tardive dyskinesia. Postgrad Med J. 1984;60(703):359-61. DOI:10.1136/pgmj.60.703.359
33. Klawans HL, Falk DK, Nausieda PA, Weiner WJ. Gilles de la Tourette syndrome after long-term chlorpromazine therapy. Neurology. 1978;28(10):1064-6. DOI:10.1212/wnl.28.10.106
34. Little JT, Jankovic J. Tardive myoclonus. Mov Disord. 1987;2(4):307-11. DOI:10.1002/mds.870020408
35. Stacy M, Cardoso F, Jankovic J. Tardive stereotypy and other movement disorders in tardive dyskinesias. Neurology. 1993;43:937-41. DOI:10.1212/wnl.43.5.937
36. Schwartz M, Hocherman S. Antipsychotic-induced rabbit syndrome: epidemiology, management and pathophysiology. CNS Drugs. 2004;18:213-20.
DOI:10.2165/00023210-200418040-00002
37. Glazer WM, Morgenstern H, Schooler N, et al. Predictions of improvement in tardive dyskinesia following discontinuation of neuroleptic medication. Br J Psychiatry. 1990;157:585-92. DOI:10.1192/bjp.157.4.585
38. Bhidayasiri R, Jitkritsadakul O, Friedman JH, Fahn S. Updating the recommendations for treatment of tardive syndromes: a systematic review of new evidence and practical treatment algorithm. J Neurol Sci. 2018;389:67-75. DOI:10.1016/j.jns.2018.02.010
39. Bhidayasiri R, Fahn S, Weiner WJ, et al. Evidence-based guideline: treatment of tardive syndromes: report of the Guideline Development Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2013;81:463-9. DOI:10.1212/WNL.0b013e31829d86b6
40. Fernandez HH, Factor SA, Hauser RA, et al. Randomized controlled trial of deutetrabenazine for tardive dyskinesia: the ARM-TD study. Neurology. 2017;88:2003-10. DOI:10.1212/WNL.0000000000003960
41. Hauser RA, Factor SA, Marder SR, et al. KINECT 3: a phase 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of valbenazine for tardive dyskinesia. Am J Psychiatry. 2017;174:476-84. DOI:10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16091037
42. Bai YM, Yu SC, Lin CC. Risperidone for severe tardive dyskinesia: a 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2003;64:1342-8.
43. Thaker GK, Nguyen JA, Strauss ME, et al. Clonazepam treatment of tardive dyskinesia: a practical GABAmimetic strategy. Am J Psychiatry. 1990;147:445-51. DOI:10.1176/ajp.147.4.445
44. Zhang WF, Tan YL, Zhang XY, et al. Extract of Ginkgo biloba treatment for tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Psychiatry. 2011;72:615-21. DOI:10.4088/JCP.09m05125yel
45. Angus S, Sugars J, Boltezar R, et al. A controlled trial of amantadine hydrochloride and neuroleptics in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1997;17:88-91. DOI:10.1097/00004714-199704000-00004
46. Decker BL, Davis JM, Jonowsky DS, et al. Amantadine hydrochloride treatment of tardive dyskinesia. N Engl J Med. 1971;285(15):860. DOI:10.1056/NEJM197110072851516
47. Kazamatsuri H, Chien CP, Cole JO. Long-term treatment of tardive dyskinesia with haloperidol and tetrabenazine. Am J Psychiatry. 1973;130:479-83. DOI:10.1176/ajp.130.4.479
48. Ondo WG, Hanna PA, Jankovic J. Tetrabenazine treatment for tardive dyskinesia: assessment by randomized videotape protocol. Am J Psychiatry. 1999;156(8):1279-81. DOI:10.1176/ajp.156.8.1279
49. Soares-Weiser K, Maayan N, McGrath J. Vitamin E for neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;2:CD000209. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD000209.pub2
50. El-Sayeh HG, Lyra da Silva JP, Rathbone J, Soares-Weiser K. Non-neuroleptic catecholaminergic drugs for neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;1:CD000458. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD000458.pub2
51. Essali A, Deirawan H, Soares-Weiser K, Adams CE. Calcium channel blockers for neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;11:CD000206. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD000206.pub3
52. Adelufosi AO, Abayomi O, Ojo TM. Pyridoxal 5 phosphate for neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;4:CD010501. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD010501.pub2
53. Pouclet-Courtemanche H, Rouaud T, Thobois S, et al. Long-term efficacy and tolerability of bilateral pallidal stimulation to treat tardive dyskinesia. Neurology. 2016;86:651-9. DOI:10.1212/WNL.0000000000002370
54. Klawans HL, Rubovits R. Effect of cholinergic and anticholinergic agents on tardive dyskinesia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1974;37(8):941-7. DOI:10.1136/jnnp.37.8.941
55. Fernandez HH, Friedman JH. Сlassification and treatment of tardive syndromes. Theneurologist. 2003;9:16-27. DOI:10.1097/01.nrl.0000038585.58012.97
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2. American Psychiatric Association. Medication-induced movement disorders and other adverse effects of medication. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition: American Psychiatric Association, 2013.
3. Vijayakumar D, Jankovic J. Drug-induced dyskinesia, part 2: treatment of tardive dyskinesia. Drugs. 2016;76:779-87. DOI:10.1007/s40265-016-0568-1
4. Wijemanne S, Jankovic J, Evans RW. Movement disorders from the use of metoclopramide and other antiemetics in the treatment of migraine. Headache. 2016;56:153-61. DOI:10.1111/head.12712
5. Waln O, Jankovic J. An update on tardive dyskinesia: from phenomenology to treatment. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y). 2013;3:tre-03-161-4138-1. DOI:10.7916/D88P5Z71
6. Association AP. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, revised (DSM-5). Fifthed, 2019.
7. Schooler NR, Kane JM. Research diagnoses for tardive dyskinesia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1982;39(4):486-7. DOI:10.1001/archpsyc.1982.04290040080014
8. Woerner MG, Kane JM, Lieberman JA, et al. The prevalence of tardive dyskinesia. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1991;11:34-42.
9. Rodnitzky RL. Drug-unduced movement disorders in children and adolescents. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2005;4:91-102. DOI:10.1517/14740338.4.1.91
10. McCreadie RG, Padmavati R, Thara R, Srinivasan TN. Spontaneous dyskinesia and parkinsonism in never-medicated, chronically ill patients with schizophrenia 18-month follow-up. Br J Psychiatry. 2002;181:135-7.
11. Fenton WS. Prevalence of spontaneous dyskinesia in schizophrenia. J Clin Psychiatry 2000;61(Suppl. 4):10-4.
12. Revuelta GJ, Cloud LJ, Aia PG, Factor SA. Tardive dyskinesia. In: Albanese AJ, editor. Hyperkinetic movement disorders: diagnosis, etiology, and treatment. Oxford, England: Wiley Blackwell, 2012; p. 331-52.
13. Seeman P. Dopamine D2 receptors as treatment targets in schizophrenia. Clin Schizophr Relat Psychoses. 2010;4(1):56-73. DOI:10.3371/CSRP.4.1.5
14. Ali Z, Roque A, El-Mallakh RS. A unifying theory for the pathoetiologic mechanism of tardive dyskinesia. Med Hypotheses. 2020;140:109682. DOI:10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109682
15. Blanchet PJ, Parent MT, Rompre PH, Levesque D. Relevance of animal models to human tardive dyskinesia. Behav Brain Funct. 2012;8:12. DOI:10.1186/1744-9081-8-12
16. Cornett EM, Novitch M, Kaye AD, et al. Medication-induced tardive dyskinesia: a review and update. Ochsner J. 2017;17(2):162-74.
17. Jensen N, Oliveira JRM. Basal ganglia vulnerability to oxidative stress. Front Neurosci. 2014;8:80. DOI:10.3389/fnins.2014.00080
18. Martins MR, Petronilho FC, Gomes KM, et al. Antipsychotic-induced oxidative stress in rat brain. Neurotox Res. 2008;13(1):63-9. DOI:10.1007/BF03033368
19. Casey DE, Gerlach J, Magelund G, Christensen TR. Gamma-acetylenic GABA in tardive dyskinesia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1980;37(12):1376-9. DOI:10.1001/archpsyc.1980.01780250062007
20. Caroff SN, Hurford I, Lybrand J, Campbell EC. Movement disorders induced by antipsychotic drugs: implications of the CATIE schizophrenia trial. Neurol Clin. 2011;29(1):127-48. DOI:10.1016/j.ncl.2010.10.002
21. Margolese HC, Chouinard G, Kolivakis TT, et al. Tardivedyskinesia in the era of typical and atypical antipsychotics. Part 1: pathophysiology and mechanisms of induction. Can J Psychiatry. 2005;50(9):541-7. DOI:10.1177/070674370505000907
22. Frei K. Tardive dyskinesia: who gets it and why. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2019;59:151-4. DOI:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.11.017
23. Fahn S, Jankovic J, Hallett M. The tardive syndromes: Phenomenology, concepts on pathophysiology and treatment, and other neuroleptic-induced syndromes. In: Fahn S, Jankovic J, Hallett M, editors. Principles and practice of movement disorders, 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: ElsevierSanders, 2011; p. 415-46.
24. Guy W. Abnormal Involuntary Movements Scale (AIMS) ECDEU assessment manual for psychpharmacology. Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office, 1976; p. 534-7.
25. Kruk J, Sachev P, Singh S. Neuroleptic-induced respiratory dyskinesia. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1995;7:223-9. DOI:10.1176/jnp.7.2.223
26. Burke RE, Fahn S, Jankovic J, et al. Tardive dystonia: late-onset and persistent dystonia caused by antipsychotic drugs. Neurology. 1982;32(12):1335-46. DOI:10.1212/wnl.32.12.1335
27. Suzuki T, Matsuzaka H. Drug-induced Pisa syndrome (pleurothotonus): epidemiology and management. CNS Drugs. 2002;16(3):165-74. DOI:10.2165/00023210-200216030-00003
28. Stubner S, Padberg F, Grohmann R, et al. Pisa syndrome (pleurothotonus): report of a multicentre drug safety surveillance project. J Clin Psychiatry. 2000;61:569-74.
29. Burke RE, Kang UJ, Jankovic J, et al. Tardive akathisia: an analysis of clinical features and response to open therapeutic trials. Mov Disord. 1989;4(2):157-75. DOI:10.1002/mds.870040208
30. Van Putten T, May PR, Marder SR. Akathisia with haloperidol and thithixene. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1984;41:1036-9. DOI:10.1001/archpsyc.1983.01790220026004
31. Kuloglu M, Atmaca M, Ustundag B, et al. Serum iron levels in schizophrenic patients with or without akathisia. Eur Neuro psychopharmacol. 2003;13:67-71.
DOI:10.1016/s0924-977x(02)00073-1
32. Barnes TR, Braude WM. Persistent akathisia associated with early tardive dyskinesia. Postgrad Med J. 1984;60(703):359-61. DOI:10.1136/pgmj.60.703.359
33. Klawans HL, Falk DK, Nausieda PA, Weiner WJ. Gilles de la Tourette syndrome after long-term chlorpromazine therapy. Neurology. 1978;28(10):1064-6. DOI:10.1212/wnl.28.10.106
34. Little JT, Jankovic J. Tardive myoclonus. Mov Disord. 1987;2(4):307-11. DOI:10.1002/mds.870020408
35. Stacy M, Cardoso F, Jankovic J. Tardive stereotypy and other movement disorders in tardive dyskinesias. Neurology. 1993;43:937-41. DOI:10.1212/wnl.43.5.937
36. Schwartz M, Hocherman S. Antipsychotic-induced rabbit syndrome: epidemiology, management and pathophysiology. CNS Drugs. 2004;18:213-20.
DOI:10.2165/00023210-200418040-00002
37. Glazer WM, Morgenstern H, Schooler N, et al. Predictions of improvement in tardive dyskinesia following discontinuation of neuroleptic medication. Br J Psychiatry. 1990;157:585-92. DOI:10.1192/bjp.157.4.585
38. Bhidayasiri R, Jitkritsadakul O, Friedman JH, Fahn S. Updating the recommendations for treatment of tardive syndromes: a systematic review of new evidence and practical treatment algorithm. J Neurol Sci. 2018;389:67-75. DOI:10.1016/j.jns.2018.02.010
39. Bhidayasiri R, Fahn S, Weiner WJ, et al. Evidence-based guideline: treatment of tardive syndromes: report of the Guideline Development Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2013;81:463-9. DOI:10.1212/WNL.0b013e31829d86b6
40. Fernandez HH, Factor SA, Hauser RA, et al. Randomized controlled trial of deutetrabenazine for tardive dyskinesia: the ARM-TD study. Neurology. 2017;88:2003-10. DOI:10.1212/WNL.0000000000003960
41. Hauser RA, Factor SA, Marder SR, et al. KINECT 3: a phase 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of valbenazine for tardive dyskinesia. Am J Psychiatry. 2017;174:476-84. DOI:10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16091037
42. Bai YM, Yu SC, Lin CC. Risperidone for severe tardive dyskinesia: a 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2003;64:1342-8.
43. Thaker GK, Nguyen JA, Strauss ME, et al. Clonazepam treatment of tardive dyskinesia: a practical GABAmimetic strategy. Am J Psychiatry. 1990;147:445-51. DOI:10.1176/ajp.147.4.445
44. Zhang WF, Tan YL, Zhang XY, et al. Extract of Ginkgo biloba treatment for tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Psychiatry. 2011;72:615-21. DOI:10.4088/JCP.09m05125yel
45. Angus S, Sugars J, Boltezar R, et al. A controlled trial of amantadine hydrochloride and neuroleptics in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1997;17:88-91. DOI:10.1097/00004714-199704000-00004
46. Decker BL, Davis JM, Jonowsky DS, et al. Amantadine hydrochloride treatment of tardive dyskinesia. N Engl J Med. 1971;285(15):860. DOI:10.1056/NEJM197110072851516
47. Kazamatsuri H, Chien CP, Cole JO. Long-term treatment of tardive dyskinesia with haloperidol and tetrabenazine. Am J Psychiatry. 1973;130:479-83. DOI:10.1176/ajp.130.4.479
48. Ondo WG, Hanna PA, Jankovic J. Tetrabenazine treatment for tardive dyskinesia: assessment by randomized videotape protocol. Am J Psychiatry. 1999;156(8):1279-81. DOI:10.1176/ajp.156.8.1279
49. Soares-Weiser K, Maayan N, McGrath J. Vitamin E for neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;2:CD000209. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD000209.pub2
50. El-Sayeh HG, Lyra da Silva JP, Rathbone J, Soares-Weiser K. Non-neuroleptic catecholaminergic drugs for neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;1:CD000458. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD000458.pub2
51. Essali A, Deirawan H, Soares-Weiser K, Adams CE. Calcium channel blockers for neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;11:CD000206. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD000206.pub3
52. Adelufosi AO, Abayomi O, Ojo TM. Pyridoxal 5 phosphate for neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;4:CD010501. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD010501.pub2
53. Pouclet-Courtemanche H, Rouaud T, Thobois S, et al. Long-term efficacy and tolerability of bilateral pallidal stimulation to treat tardive dyskinesia. Neurology. 2016;86:651-9. DOI:10.1212/WNL.0000000000002370
54. Klawans HL, Rubovits R. Effect of cholinergic and anticholinergic agents on tardive dyskinesia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1974;37(8):941-7. DOI:10.1136/jnnp.37.8.941
55. Fernandez HH, Friedman JH. Сlassification and treatment of tardive syndromes. Theneurologist. 2003;9:16-27. DOI:10.1097/01.nrl.0000038585.58012.97
56. Kiriakakis V, Bhatia KP, Quinn NP, Marsden CD. The natural history of tardive dystonia. A long-term follow-up study of 107 cases. Brain. 1998;121(Pt. 11):2053-66. DOI:10.1093/brain/121.11.2053
57. Fernandez HH, Friedman JH. The role of atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of movement disorders. CNS Drugs. 1999;11:467-83.
58. Dressler D, Oeljeschlager RD, Ruther E. Severe tardive dystonia: treatment with continuous intrathecal baclofen administration. Mov Disord. 1997;12(4):585-7. DOI:10.1002/mds.870120416
59. Kupsch A, Kuehn A, Klaffke S, et al. Deep brain stimulation in dystonia. J Neurol. 2003;250(Suppl. 1):I47-52. DOI:10.1007/s00415-003-1110-2
2. American Psychiatric Association. Medication-induced movement disorders and other adverse effects of medication. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition: American Psychiatric Association, 2013.
3. Vijayakumar D, Jankovic J. Drug-induced dyskinesia, part 2: treatment of tardive dyskinesia. Drugs. 2016;76:779-87. DOI:10.1007/s40265-016-0568-1
4. Wijemanne S, Jankovic J, Evans RW. Movement disorders from the use of metoclopramide and other antiemetics in the treatment of migraine. Headache. 2016;56:153-61. DOI:10.1111/head.12712
5. Waln O, Jankovic J. An update on tardive dyskinesia: from phenomenology to treatment. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y). 2013;3:tre-03-161-4138-1. DOI:10.7916/D88P5Z71
6. Association AP. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, revised (DSM-5). Fifthed, 2019.
7. Schooler NR, Kane JM. Research diagnoses for tardive dyskinesia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1982;39(4):486-7. DOI:10.1001/archpsyc.1982.04290040080014
8. Woerner MG, Kane JM, Lieberman JA, et al. The prevalence of tardive dyskinesia. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1991;11:34-42.
9. Rodnitzky RL. Drug-unduced movement disorders in children and adolescents. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2005;4:91-102. DOI:10.1517/14740338.4.1.91
10. McCreadie RG, Padmavati R, Thara R, Srinivasan TN. Spontaneous dyskinesia and parkinsonism in never-medicated, chronically ill patients with schizophrenia 18-month follow-up. Br J Psychiatry. 2002;181:135-7.
11. Fenton WS. Prevalence of spontaneous dyskinesia in schizophrenia. J Clin Psychiatry 2000;61(Suppl. 4):10-4.
12. Revuelta GJ, Cloud LJ, Aia PG, Factor SA. Tardive dyskinesia. In: Albanese AJ, editor. Hyperkinetic movement disorders: diagnosis, etiology, and treatment. Oxford, England: Wiley Blackwell, 2012; p. 331-52.
13. Seeman P. Dopamine D2 receptors as treatment targets in schizophrenia. Clin Schizophr Relat Psychoses. 2010;4(1):56-73. DOI:10.3371/CSRP.4.1.5
14. Ali Z, Roque A, El-Mallakh RS. A unifying theory for the pathoetiologic mechanism of tardive dyskinesia. Med Hypotheses. 2020;140:109682. DOI:10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109682
15. Blanchet PJ, Parent MT, Rompre PH, Levesque D. Relevance of animal models to human tardive dyskinesia. Behav Brain Funct. 2012;8:12. DOI:10.1186/1744-9081-8-12
16. Cornett EM, Novitch M, Kaye AD, et al. Medication-induced tardive dyskinesia: a review and update. Ochsner J. 2017;17(2):162-74.
17. Jensen N, Oliveira JRM. Basal ganglia vulnerability to oxidative stress. Front Neurosci. 2014;8:80. DOI:10.3389/fnins.2014.00080
18. Martins MR, Petronilho FC, Gomes KM, et al. Antipsychotic-induced oxidative stress in rat brain. Neurotox Res. 2008;13(1):63-9. DOI:10.1007/BF03033368
19. Casey DE, Gerlach J, Magelund G, Christensen TR. Gamma-acetylenic GABA in tardive dyskinesia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1980;37(12):1376-9. DOI:10.1001/archpsyc.1980.01780250062007
20. Caroff SN, Hurford I, Lybrand J, Campbell EC. Movement disorders induced by antipsychotic drugs: implications of the CATIE schizophrenia trial. Neurol Clin. 2011;29(1):127-48. DOI:10.1016/j.ncl.2010.10.002
21. Margolese HC, Chouinard G, Kolivakis TT, et al. Tardivedyskinesia in the era of typical and atypical antipsychotics. Part 1: pathophysiology and mechanisms of induction. Can J Psychiatry. 2005;50(9):541-7. DOI:10.1177/070674370505000907
22. Frei K. Tardive dyskinesia: who gets it and why. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2019;59:151-4. DOI:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.11.017
23. Fahn S, Jankovic J, Hallett M. The tardive syndromes: Phenomenology, concepts on pathophysiology and treatment, and other neuroleptic-induced syndromes. In: Fahn S, Jankovic J, Hallett M, editors. Principles and practice of movement disorders, 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: ElsevierSanders, 2011; p. 415-46.
24. Guy W. Abnormal Involuntary Movements Scale (AIMS) ECDEU assessment manual for psychpharmacology. Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office, 1976; p. 534-7.
25. Kruk J, Sachev P, Singh S. Neuroleptic-induced respiratory dyskinesia. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1995;7:223-9. DOI:10.1176/jnp.7.2.223
26. Burke RE, Fahn S, Jankovic J, et al. Tardive dystonia: late-onset and persistent dystonia caused by antipsychotic drugs. Neurology. 1982;32(12):1335-46. DOI:10.1212/wnl.32.12.1335
27. Suzuki T, Matsuzaka H. Drug-induced Pisa syndrome (pleurothotonus): epidemiology and management. CNS Drugs. 2002;16(3):165-74. DOI:10.2165/00023210-200216030-00003
28. Stubner S, Padberg F, Grohmann R, et al. Pisa syndrome (pleurothotonus): report of a multicentre drug safety surveillance project. J Clin Psychiatry. 2000;61:569-74.
29. Burke RE, Kang UJ, Jankovic J, et al. Tardive akathisia: an analysis of clinical features and response to open therapeutic trials. Mov Disord. 1989;4(2):157-75. DOI:10.1002/mds.870040208
30. Van Putten T, May PR, Marder SR. Akathisia with haloperidol and thithixene. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1984;41:1036-9. DOI:10.1001/archpsyc.1983.01790220026004
31. Kuloglu M, Atmaca M, Ustundag B, et al. Serum iron levels in schizophrenic patients with or without akathisia. Eur Neuro psychopharmacol. 2003;13:67-71.
DOI:10.1016/s0924-977x(02)00073-1
32. Barnes TR, Braude WM. Persistent akathisia associated with early tardive dyskinesia. Postgrad Med J. 1984;60(703):359-61. DOI:10.1136/pgmj.60.703.359
33. Klawans HL, Falk DK, Nausieda PA, Weiner WJ. Gilles de la Tourette syndrome after long-term chlorpromazine therapy. Neurology. 1978;28(10):1064-6. DOI:10.1212/wnl.28.10.106
34. Little JT, Jankovic J. Tardive myoclonus. Mov Disord. 1987;2(4):307-11. DOI:10.1002/mds.870020408
35. Stacy M, Cardoso F, Jankovic J. Tardive stereotypy and other movement disorders in tardive dyskinesias. Neurology. 1993;43:937-41. DOI:10.1212/wnl.43.5.937
36. Schwartz M, Hocherman S. Antipsychotic-induced rabbit syndrome: epidemiology, management and pathophysiology. CNS Drugs. 2004;18:213-20.
DOI:10.2165/00023210-200418040-00002
37. Glazer WM, Morgenstern H, Schooler N, et al. Predictions of improvement in tardive dyskinesia following discontinuation of neuroleptic medication. Br J Psychiatry. 1990;157:585-92. DOI:10.1192/bjp.157.4.585
38. Bhidayasiri R, Jitkritsadakul O, Friedman JH, Fahn S. Updating the recommendations for treatment of tardive syndromes: a systematic review of new evidence and practical treatment algorithm. J Neurol Sci. 2018;389:67-75. DOI:10.1016/j.jns.2018.02.010
39. Bhidayasiri R, Fahn S, Weiner WJ, et al. Evidence-based guideline: treatment of tardive syndromes: report of the Guideline Development Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2013;81:463-9. DOI:10.1212/WNL.0b013e31829d86b6
40. Fernandez HH, Factor SA, Hauser RA, et al. Randomized controlled trial of deutetrabenazine for tardive dyskinesia: the ARM-TD study. Neurology. 2017;88:2003-10. DOI:10.1212/WNL.0000000000003960
41. Hauser RA, Factor SA, Marder SR, et al. KINECT 3: a phase 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of valbenazine for tardive dyskinesia. Am J Psychiatry. 2017;174:476-84. DOI:10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16091037
42. Bai YM, Yu SC, Lin CC. Risperidone for severe tardive dyskinesia: a 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2003;64:1342-8.
43. Thaker GK, Nguyen JA, Strauss ME, et al. Clonazepam treatment of tardive dyskinesia: a practical GABAmimetic strategy. Am J Psychiatry. 1990;147:445-51. DOI:10.1176/ajp.147.4.445
44. Zhang WF, Tan YL, Zhang XY, et al. Extract of Ginkgo biloba treatment for tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Psychiatry. 2011;72:615-21. DOI:10.4088/JCP.09m05125yel
45. Angus S, Sugars J, Boltezar R, et al. A controlled trial of amantadine hydrochloride and neuroleptics in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1997;17:88-91. DOI:10.1097/00004714-199704000-00004
46. Decker BL, Davis JM, Jonowsky DS, et al. Amantadine hydrochloride treatment of tardive dyskinesia. N Engl J Med. 1971;285(15):860. DOI:10.1056/NEJM197110072851516
47. Kazamatsuri H, Chien CP, Cole JO. Long-term treatment of tardive dyskinesia with haloperidol and tetrabenazine. Am J Psychiatry. 1973;130:479-83. DOI:10.1176/ajp.130.4.479
48. Ondo WG, Hanna PA, Jankovic J. Tetrabenazine treatment for tardive dyskinesia: assessment by randomized videotape protocol. Am J Psychiatry. 1999;156(8):1279-81. DOI:10.1176/ajp.156.8.1279
49. Soares-Weiser K, Maayan N, McGrath J. Vitamin E for neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;2:CD000209. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD000209.pub2
50. El-Sayeh HG, Lyra da Silva JP, Rathbone J, Soares-Weiser K. Non-neuroleptic catecholaminergic drugs for neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;1:CD000458. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD000458.pub2
51. Essali A, Deirawan H, Soares-Weiser K, Adams CE. Calcium channel blockers for neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;11:CD000206. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD000206.pub3
52. Adelufosi AO, Abayomi O, Ojo TM. Pyridoxal 5 phosphate for neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;4:CD010501. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD010501.pub2
53. Pouclet-Courtemanche H, Rouaud T, Thobois S, et al. Long-term efficacy and tolerability of bilateral pallidal stimulation to treat tardive dyskinesia. Neurology. 2016;86:651-9. DOI:10.1212/WNL.0000000000002370
54. Klawans HL, Rubovits R. Effect of cholinergic and anticholinergic agents on tardive dyskinesia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1974;37(8):941-7. DOI:10.1136/jnnp.37.8.941
55. Fernandez HH, Friedman JH. Сlassification and treatment of tardive syndromes. Theneurologist. 2003;9:16-27. DOI:10.1097/01.nrl.0000038585.58012.97
56. Kiriakakis V, Bhatia KP, Quinn NP, Marsden CD. The natural history of tardive dystonia. A long-term follow-up study of 107 cases. Brain. 1998;121(Pt. 11):2053-66. DOI:10.1093/brain/121.11.2053
57. Fernandez HH, Friedman JH. The role of atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of movement disorders. CNS Drugs. 1999;11:467-83.
58. Dressler D, Oeljeschlager RD, Ruther E. Severe tardive dystonia: treatment with continuous intrathecal baclofen administration. Mov Disord. 1997;12(4):585-7. DOI:10.1002/mds.870120416
59. Kupsch A, Kuehn A, Klaffke S, et al. Deep brain stimulation in dystonia. J Neurol. 2003;250(Suppl. 1):I47-52. DOI:10.1007/s00415-003-1110-2
________________________________________________
2. American Psychiatric Association. Medication-induced movement disorders and other adverse effects of medication. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition: American Psychiatric Association, 2013.
3. Vijayakumar D, Jankovic J. Drug-induced dyskinesia, part 2: treatment of tardive dyskinesia. Drugs. 2016;76:779-87. DOI:10.1007/s40265-016-0568-1
4. Wijemanne S, Jankovic J, Evans RW. Movement disorders from the use of metoclopramide and other antiemetics in the treatment of migraine. Headache. 2016;56:153-61. DOI:10.1111/head.12712
5. Waln O, Jankovic J. An update on tardive dyskinesia: from phenomenology to treatment. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y). 2013;3:tre-03-161-4138-1. DOI:10.7916/D88P5Z71
6. Association AP. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, revised (DSM-5). Fifthed, 2019.
7. Schooler NR, Kane JM. Research diagnoses for tardive dyskinesia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1982;39(4):486-7. DOI:10.1001/archpsyc.1982.04290040080014
8. Woerner MG, Kane JM, Lieberman JA, et al. The prevalence of tardive dyskinesia. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1991;11:34-42.
9. Rodnitzky RL. Drug-unduced movement disorders in children and adolescents. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2005;4:91-102. DOI:10.1517/14740338.4.1.91
10. McCreadie RG, Padmavati R, Thara R, Srinivasan TN. Spontaneous dyskinesia and parkinsonism in never-medicated, chronically ill patients with schizophrenia 18-month follow-up. Br J Psychiatry. 2002;181:135-7.
11. Fenton WS. Prevalence of spontaneous dyskinesia in schizophrenia. J Clin Psychiatry 2000;61(Suppl. 4):10-4.
12. Revuelta GJ, Cloud LJ, Aia PG, Factor SA. Tardive dyskinesia. In: Albanese AJ, editor. Hyperkinetic movement disorders: diagnosis, etiology, and treatment. Oxford, England: Wiley Blackwell, 2012; p. 331-52.
13. Seeman P. Dopamine D2 receptors as treatment targets in schizophrenia. Clin Schizophr Relat Psychoses. 2010;4(1):56-73. DOI:10.3371/CSRP.4.1.5
14. Ali Z, Roque A, El-Mallakh RS. A unifying theory for the pathoetiologic mechanism of tardive dyskinesia. Med Hypotheses. 2020;140:109682. DOI:10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109682
15. Blanchet PJ, Parent MT, Rompre PH, Levesque D. Relevance of animal models to human tardive dyskinesia. Behav Brain Funct. 2012;8:12. DOI:10.1186/1744-9081-8-12
16. Cornett EM, Novitch M, Kaye AD, et al. Medication-induced tardive dyskinesia: a review and update. Ochsner J. 2017;17(2):162-74.
17. Jensen N, Oliveira JRM. Basal ganglia vulnerability to oxidative stress. Front Neurosci. 2014;8:80. DOI:10.3389/fnins.2014.00080
18. Martins MR, Petronilho FC, Gomes KM, et al. Antipsychotic-induced oxidative stress in rat brain. Neurotox Res. 2008;13(1):63-9. DOI:10.1007/BF03033368
19. Casey DE, Gerlach J, Magelund G, Christensen TR. Gamma-acetylenic GABA in tardive dyskinesia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1980;37(12):1376-9. DOI:10.1001/archpsyc.1980.01780250062007
20. Caroff SN, Hurford I, Lybrand J, Campbell EC. Movement disorders induced by antipsychotic drugs: implications of the CATIE schizophrenia trial. Neurol Clin. 2011;29(1):127-48. DOI:10.1016/j.ncl.2010.10.002
21. Margolese HC, Chouinard G, Kolivakis TT, et al. Tardivedyskinesia in the era of typical and atypical antipsychotics. Part 1: pathophysiology and mechanisms of induction. Can J Psychiatry. 2005;50(9):541-7. DOI:10.1177/070674370505000907
22. Frei K. Tardive dyskinesia: who gets it and why. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2019;59:151-4. DOI:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.11.017
23. Fahn S, Jankovic J, Hallett M. The tardive syndromes: Phenomenology, concepts on pathophysiology and treatment, and other neuroleptic-induced syndromes. In: Fahn S, Jankovic J, Hallett M, editors. Principles and practice of movement disorders, 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: ElsevierSanders, 2011; p. 415-46.
24. Guy W. Abnormal Involuntary Movements Scale (AIMS) ECDEU assessment manual for psychpharmacology. Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office, 1976; p. 534-7.
25. Kruk J, Sachev P, Singh S. Neuroleptic-induced respiratory dyskinesia. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1995;7:223-9. DOI:10.1176/jnp.7.2.223
26. Burke RE, Fahn S, Jankovic J, et al. Tardive dystonia: late-onset and persistent dystonia caused by antipsychotic drugs. Neurology. 1982;32(12):1335-46. DOI:10.1212/wnl.32.12.1335
27. Suzuki T, Matsuzaka H. Drug-induced Pisa syndrome (pleurothotonus): epidemiology and management. CNS Drugs. 2002;16(3):165-74. DOI:10.2165/00023210-200216030-00003
28. Stubner S, Padberg F, Grohmann R, et al. Pisa syndrome (pleurothotonus): report of a multicentre drug safety surveillance project. J Clin Psychiatry. 2000;61:569-74.
29. Burke RE, Kang UJ, Jankovic J, et al. Tardive akathisia: an analysis of clinical features and response to open therapeutic trials. Mov Disord. 1989;4(2):157-75. DOI:10.1002/mds.870040208
30. Van Putten T, May PR, Marder SR. Akathisia with haloperidol and thithixene. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1984;41:1036-9. DOI:10.1001/archpsyc.1983.01790220026004
31. Kuloglu M, Atmaca M, Ustundag B, et al. Serum iron levels in schizophrenic patients with or without akathisia. Eur Neuro psychopharmacol. 2003;13:67-71.
DOI:10.1016/s0924-977x(02)00073-1
32. Barnes TR, Braude WM. Persistent akathisia associated with early tardive dyskinesia. Postgrad Med J. 1984;60(703):359-61. DOI:10.1136/pgmj.60.703.359
33. Klawans HL, Falk DK, Nausieda PA, Weiner WJ. Gilles de la Tourette syndrome after long-term chlorpromazine therapy. Neurology. 1978;28(10):1064-6. DOI:10.1212/wnl.28.10.106
34. Little JT, Jankovic J. Tardive myoclonus. Mov Disord. 1987;2(4):307-11. DOI:10.1002/mds.870020408
35. Stacy M, Cardoso F, Jankovic J. Tardive stereotypy and other movement disorders in tardive dyskinesias. Neurology. 1993;43:937-41. DOI:10.1212/wnl.43.5.937
36. Schwartz M, Hocherman S. Antipsychotic-induced rabbit syndrome: epidemiology, management and pathophysiology. CNS Drugs. 2004;18:213-20.
DOI:10.2165/00023210-200418040-00002
37. Glazer WM, Morgenstern H, Schooler N, et al. Predictions of improvement in tardive dyskinesia following discontinuation of neuroleptic medication. Br J Psychiatry. 1990;157:585-92. DOI:10.1192/bjp.157.4.585
38. Bhidayasiri R, Jitkritsadakul O, Friedman JH, Fahn S. Updating the recommendations for treatment of tardive syndromes: a systematic review of new evidence and practical treatment algorithm. J Neurol Sci. 2018;389:67-75. DOI:10.1016/j.jns.2018.02.010
39. Bhidayasiri R, Fahn S, Weiner WJ, et al. Evidence-based guideline: treatment of tardive syndromes: report of the Guideline Development Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2013;81:463-9. DOI:10.1212/WNL.0b013e31829d86b6
40. Fernandez HH, Factor SA, Hauser RA, et al. Randomized controlled trial of deutetrabenazine for tardive dyskinesia: the ARM-TD study. Neurology. 2017;88:2003-10. DOI:10.1212/WNL.0000000000003960
41. Hauser RA, Factor SA, Marder SR, et al. KINECT 3: a phase 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of valbenazine for tardive dyskinesia. Am J Psychiatry. 2017;174:476-84. DOI:10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16091037
42. Bai YM, Yu SC, Lin CC. Risperidone for severe tardive dyskinesia: a 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2003;64:1342-8.
43. Thaker GK, Nguyen JA, Strauss ME, et al. Clonazepam treatment of tardive dyskinesia: a practical GABAmimetic strategy. Am J Psychiatry. 1990;147:445-51. DOI:10.1176/ajp.147.4.445
44. Zhang WF, Tan YL, Zhang XY, et al. Extract of Ginkgo biloba treatment for tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Psychiatry. 2011;72:615-21. DOI:10.4088/JCP.09m05125yel
45. Angus S, Sugars J, Boltezar R, et al. A controlled trial of amantadine hydrochloride and neuroleptics in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1997;17:88-91. DOI:10.1097/00004714-199704000-00004
46. Decker BL, Davis JM, Jonowsky DS, et al. Amantadine hydrochloride treatment of tardive dyskinesia. N Engl J Med. 1971;285(15):860. DOI:10.1056/NEJM197110072851516
47. Kazamatsuri H, Chien CP, Cole JO. Long-term treatment of tardive dyskinesia with haloperidol and tetrabenazine. Am J Psychiatry. 1973;130:479-83. DOI:10.1176/ajp.130.4.479
48. Ondo WG, Hanna PA, Jankovic J. Tetrabenazine treatment for tardive dyskinesia: assessment by randomized videotape protocol. Am J Psychiatry. 1999;156(8):1279-81. DOI:10.1176/ajp.156.8.1279
49. Soares-Weiser K, Maayan N, McGrath J. Vitamin E for neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;2:CD000209. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD000209.pub2
50. El-Sayeh HG, Lyra da Silva JP, Rathbone J, Soares-Weiser K. Non-neuroleptic catecholaminergic drugs for neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;1:CD000458. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD000458.pub2
51. Essali A, Deirawan H, Soares-Weiser K, Adams CE. Calcium channel blockers for neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;11:CD000206. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD000206.pub3
52. Adelufosi AO, Abayomi O, Ojo TM. Pyridoxal 5 phosphate for neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;4:CD010501. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD010501.pub2
53. Pouclet-Courtemanche H, Rouaud T, Thobois S, et al. Long-term efficacy and tolerability of bilateral pallidal stimulation to treat tardive dyskinesia. Neurology. 2016;86:651-9. DOI:10.1212/WNL.0000000000002370
54. Klawans HL, Rubovits R. Effect of cholinergic and anticholinergic agents on tardive dyskinesia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1974;37(8):941-7. DOI:10.1136/jnnp.37.8.941
55. Fernandez HH, Friedman JH. Сlassification and treatment of tardive syndromes. Theneurologist. 2003;9:16-27. DOI:10.1097/01.nrl.0000038585.58012.97
56. Kiriakakis V, Bhatia KP, Quinn NP, Marsden CD. The natural history of tardive dystonia. A long-term follow-up study of 107 cases. Brain. 1998;121(Pt. 11):2053-66. DOI:10.1093/brain/121.11.2053
57. Fernandez HH, Friedman JH. The role of atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of movement disorders. CNS Drugs. 1999;11:467-83.
58. Dressler D, Oeljeschlager RD, Ruther E. Severe tardive dystonia: treatment with continuous intrathecal baclofen administration. Mov Disord. 1997;12(4):585-7. DOI:10.1002/mds.870120416
59. Kupsch A, Kuehn A, Klaffke S, et al. Deep brain stimulation in dystonia. J Neurol. 2003;250(Suppl. 1):I47-52. DOI:10.1007/s00415-003-1110-2
Авторы
В.А. Толмачева*
ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет), Москва, Россия
*vtolmacheva@yandex.ru
Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
*vtolmacheva@yandex.ru
ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет), Москва, Россия
*vtolmacheva@yandex.ru
________________________________________________
Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
*vtolmacheva@yandex.ru
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