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Статины в отдельных популяциях пациентов: научные данные и алгоритмы для практикующего врача
Статины в отдельных популяциях пациентов: научные данные и алгоритмы для практикующего врача
Сусеков А.В. Статины в отдельных популяциях пациентов: научные данные и алгоритмы для практикующего врача. Consilium Medicum. 2021; 23 (1): 52–60. DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2021.1.200626
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Аннотация
Лечение ингибиторами 3-гидрокси-3-метилглютарил-кофермента А редуктазы (статинами) – основа первичной и вторичной профилактики атеросклероза и регламентировано во многих международных и российских консенсусах и рекомендациях. Результаты гиполипидемических исследований с «твердыми» конечными точками показали, что и в комбинированной терапии возможно дальнейшее снижение сердечно-сосудистого (СС) риска при достижении очень низких значений холестерина липопротеинов низкой плотности (0,5–1 ммоль/л), при этом нет повышения риска побочных эффектов. Несмотря на научный прогресс в этой области, существуют большие барьеры между рекомендациями и реальной клинической практикой применения статинов в нашей стране. По-прежнему даже больным очень высокого СС-риска врачи разных специальностей назначают низкие и средние дозы статинов, пока мало реализованы возможности комбинированной терапии. В этой обзорной публикации будет представлен анализ доказательной базы, а также предпринята попытка гармонизации рекомендаций, консенсусов экспертов по оптимизации терапии статинами в отдельных группах пациентов – в первичной профилактике (низкий/умеренный СС-риск), у больных высокого/очень высокого СС-риска, у пациентов с артериальной гипертонией и дислипидемией, а также у больных с подтвержденной семейной гиперхолестеринемией. В этой публикации представлены возможные алгоритмы применения статинов в этих категориях больных, которые, по мнению автора, будут полезны практикующим врачам в повседневной клинической практике.
Ключевые слова: холестерин липопротеинов низкой плотности, дислипидемия, статины, алгоритмы, первичная профилактика, артериальная гипертония, сердечно-сосудистый риск, семейная гиперхолестеринемия.
Key words: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, dyslipidemia, statins, algorithms, primary prevention, arterial hypertension, cardiovascular risk, familial
hypercholesterolemia.
Ключевые слова: холестерин липопротеинов низкой плотности, дислипидемия, статины, алгоритмы, первичная профилактика, артериальная гипертония, сердечно-сосудистый риск, семейная гиперхолестеринемия.
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Key words: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, dyslipidemia, statins, algorithms, primary prevention, arterial hypertension, cardiovascular risk, familial
hypercholesterolemia.
Полный текст
Список литературы
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10. Watts GF, Gidding S, Wierzbicki AS. Integrated guidance on the care of familial hypercholesterolaemia from the International FH Foundation. Int J Cardiol 2014; 171: 309–25.
11. Akioyamen LE, Genest J, Shan SD et al. Estimating the prevalence of heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2017; 7: e016461.
12. Vallejo-Vaz A, Sreenivasa R, Cole D et al. Familial hypercholesterolaemia: A global call to arms. Atherosclerosis 2015; 243: 257e259.
13. Vallejo-Vaza AJ, Marcoa M, Stevens AT. Overview of the current status of familial hypercholesterolaemia care in over 60 countries – The EAS Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC). Atherosclerosis 2018; 277: 234–55.
14. Susekov A.V., Yafarova A.A., Shcherbakova M.Yu., Meshkov A.N. Regression of xanthomatosis in a 12-year-old patient with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: a case report. Pediatrics. Consilium Medicum. 2016; 3: 103–8 (in Russian).
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17. Susekov A, Meshkov A, Korneva V et al. Clinical characteristics and LDL-C achievement rates in 506 FH patients from 4 Russian lipid clinics. J Clin Lipidol 2016; 10 (3): 698. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2016.03.070
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20. Fedotenkov I.S., Ternovoi S.K. Skrining kal'tsinoza koronarnykh arterii metodom mul'tispiral'noi komp'iuternoi tomografii. Med. vizualizatsiia. 2017; 21 (4): 19–32. DOI: 10.24835/1607-0763-2017-4-19-32 (in Russian).
21. Hecht HS. For the Society of Atherosclerosis Imaging. Practice guidelines for electron-beam tomography: a report of the Society of Atherosclerosis Imaging. Am J Cardiol 2000; 86: 705–6.
22. Ford ES, Ajani UA, Croft JB et al. Explaining the Decrease in U. S. Deaths from Coronary Disease, 1980–2000. New Eng J Med 2007; 23 (7): 2388–98.
23. The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) Authors. 2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. Eur Heart J 2018: 39: 3021–104. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy339
24. Boitsov S.A., Balanova Iu.A., Shal'nova S.A. et al. Arterial'naia gipertoniia sredi lits 25–64 let: rasprostranennost', osvedomlennost', lechenie i kontrol'. Po materialam issledovaniia ESSE. Kardiovaskuliarnaia terapiia i profilaktika. 2014; 13 (4): 4–14 (in Russian).
25. Boitsov S.A., Deev A.D., Shalnova S.A. Mortality and risk factors for the development of non-communicable diseases in Russia: features, dynamics and prognosis. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2017; 89 (1): 5–13 (in Russian).
26. Shal'nova S.A., Deev A.D., Balanova Iu.A. et al. Dvadtsatiletnie trendy ozhireniia i arterial'noi gipertonii i ikh assotsiatsiia v Rossii. Kardiovaskuliarnaia terapiia i profilaktika. 2017; 16 (4): 4–10 (in Russian).
27. Boitsov S.A., Shal'nova S.A., Deev A.D. Smertnost' ot serdechno-sosudistykh zabolevanii v Rossiiskoi Federatsii i vozmozhnye mekhanizmy ee izmeneniia. Zhurn. nevrologii i psikhiatrii. 2018; 8: 98–103 (in Russian).
28. Muromtseva G.A., Kontsevaia A.V., Konstantinov V.V. et al. Rasprostranennost' faktorov riska neinfektsionnykh zabolevanii v rossiiskoi populiatsii v 2012–2013 gg. Rezul'taty issledovaniia ESSE-RF. Kardiovaskuliarnaia terapiia i profilaktika. 2014; 13 (6): 4–11. DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2014-6-4-11 (in Russian).
29. Poulter N. In Cardiovascular Disease: Risk Factors and Intervention. Eds: N. Poulter, P. Sever, S. Thom. Oxford: Radcliffe Medical Press, 1993.
30. DeBacker G, Jankowski P, Kotseva K et al. Management of dyslipidaemia in patients with coronary heart disease: Results from the ESC-EORP EUROASPIRE V survey in 27 countries. Atherosclerosis 2019; 285: 135–46.
31. Dalal JJ et al. LIPITENSION: Interplay between dyslipidemia and hypertension. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2012; 16 (2).
32. National Clinical Guideline Centre. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) clinical guideline CG181: lipid modification, cardiovascular risk assessment and the modification of blood lipids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg181. Published July 2014. Accessed January 11, 2021
33. National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. The Expert Panel. Arch Intern Med 1988; 148 (1): 36–69.
34. Lacland DT, Mitchel SV, DAgostino RD et al. Inclusion of stroke in cardiovascular risk prediction instruments: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 2012; 43 (7): 1998–2027. DOI: 10.1161/STR.0b013e31825bcdac
35. Aboyans V, Ricco JB, Bartelink M et al. 2017 ESC Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Diseases, in collaboration with the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS): Document covering atherosclerotic disease of extracranial carotid and vertebral, mesenteric, renal, upper and lower extremity arteriesEndorsed by: the European Stroke Organization (ESO)The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and of the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS). Eur Heart J 2018; 39 (9): 763–816. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx095
36. Amarenco P, Bogousslavsky J, Callahan A et al. High-dose atorvastatin after stroke or transient ischemic attack. N Engl J Med 2006; 355 (6): 549–59.
37. Amarenco P. IAS Congress. Boston, 8 June 2009.
38. Baigent C, Keech A, Keraney PM. Efficacy and Safety of Cholesterol-Lowering Treatment: Prospective Meta-Analysis of Data From 90,056 Participants in 14 Randomized Trials of Statins. Lancet 2005; 366 (9493): 1267–78.
39. Cholesterol Treatment Trialists (CTT) Collaborators Efficacy and safety of more intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol: a meta-analysis of data from 170,000 participants in 26 randomized trials. Lancet 2010; 376: 1670–81.
40. Cholesterol Treatment Trialists (CTT) Collaborators The effects of lowering LDL cholesterol with statin therapy in people at low risk of vascular disease: meta-analysis of individual data from 27 randomized trials. Lancet 2012; 380: 581–90.
41. Cholesterol Treatment Trialists (CTT) Collaborators. Efficacy and safety of LDL-lowering therapy among men and women: meta-analysis of individual data from 174,000 participants in 27 randomized trials. Lancet 2015; 385: 1397–405.
42. Cannon CP, Steinberg BA, Murphy SA et al. Meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcomes trials comparing Intensive versus Moderate statin therapy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006; 48: 438–45.
43. Riisgaard AR, Vestergaard Ch, Vestergaard M et al. Statins and risk of intracerebral hemorrage in individuals with a history of stroke. Stroke 2020; 51 (4): 1111–9. DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.119.027301
44. Newman C, Tobert J, Jacobson TA et al. Statin Safety and Associated Adverse Events A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39: e38–81. DOI: 10.1161/ATV.0000000000000073
45. Mortensen NB, Falk E, Schmidt M. Twenty-Year Nationwide Trends in Statin Utilization and Expenditure in Denmark. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2017; 10: e003811. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.
117.003811
2. Borén J, Chapman MJ, Krauss RM et al. Low-density lipoproteins cause atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: pathophysiological, genetic, and therapeutic insights: a consensus statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel. Eur Heart J 2020; 41 (24): 2313–30. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz962
3. Grundy SM, Stone NJ, Bailey AL et al. A Repor of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 73 (24): e285–350. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.11.003
4. Authors/Task Force Members; ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines (CPG); ESC National Cardiac Societies 2019 ESC/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: Lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk. Atherosclerosis 2019; 290: 140–205. DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.08.014
5. Gitt A, Lautsch D, Ferriees J et al. Contemporary data on treatment practices for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in 6794 patients with stable coronary heart disease across the world. Data in brief 2018; 18: 1937–40.
6. Ершова А.И., Мешков А.Н., Якушин С.С. и др. Диагностика и лечение боьных с выраженной гиперхолестеринемией в реальной амбулаторно-клинической практике (по данным регистра РЕКВАЗА). Рацион. фармакотерапия в кардиологии. 2014; 10 (6): 612–6.
[Ershova A.I., Meshkov A.N., Iakushin S.S. et al. Diagnostika i lechenie bo'nykh s vyrazhennoi giperkholesterinemiei v real'noi ambulatorno-klinicheskoi praktike. (po dannym registra REKVAZA). Ratsion. farmakoterapiia v kardiologii. 2014; 10 (6): 612–6 (in Russian).]
7. Ахмеджанов Н.М., Небиеридзе Д.В., Сафарян А.С. и др. Анализ распространенности гиперхолестеринемии в условиях амбулаторной практики (по данным исследования АРГО):
часть I. Рацион. фармакотерапия в кардиологии. 2015; 11 (3): 252–9.
[Akhmedzhanov N.M., Nebieridze D.V., Safarian A.S. et al. Analiz rasprostranennosti giperkholesterinemii v usloviiakh ambulatornoi praktiki (po dannym issledovaniia ARGO): chast' I. Ratsion. farmakoterapiia v kardiologii. 2015; 11 (3): 252–9 (in Russian).]
8. Оганов Р.Г., Кухарчук В.В., Арутюнов Г.П. и др. Сохраняющиеся нарушения показателей липидного спектра у пациентов с дислипидемией, получающих статины, в реальной клинической практике в Российской Федерации (российская часть исследования DYSIS). Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2012; 11 (4): 70–8.
[Oganov R.G., Kukharchuk V.V., Arutiunov G.P. et al. Sokhraniaiushchiesia narusheniia pokazatelei lipidnogo spektra u patsientov s dislipidemiei, poluchaiushchikh statiny, v real'noi klinicheskoi praktike v Rossiiskoi Federatsii (rossiiskaia chast' issledovaniia DYSIS). Kardiovaskuliarnaia terapiia i profilaktika. 2012; 11 (4): 70–8 (in Russian).]
9. Nordestgaard BG, Chapman MJ, Humphries SE et al. Familial hypercholesterolaemia is underdiagnosed and undertreated in the general population: guidance for clinicians to prevent coronary heart disease. Eur Heart J 2013; 34 (45): 3478–90a. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht273
10. Watts GF, Gidding S, Wierzbicki AS. Integrated guidance on the care of familial hypercholesterolaemia from the International FH Foundation. Int J Cardiol 2014; 171: 309–25.
11. Akioyamen LE, Genest J, Shan SD et al. Estimating the prevalence of heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2017; 7: e016461.
12. Vallejo-Vaz A, Sreenivasa R, Cole D et al. Familial hypercholesterolaemia: A global call to arms. Atherosclerosis 2015; 243: 257e259.
13. Vallejo-Vaza AJ, Marcoa M, Stevens AT. Overview of the current status of familial hypercholesterolaemia care in over 60 countries – The EAS Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC). Atherosclerosis 2018; 277: 234–55.
14. Сусеков А.В., Яфарова А.А., Щербакова М.Ю., Мешков А.Н. Регрессия ксантоматоза у 12-летнего пациента с гомозиготной формой семейной гиперхолестеринемии: клинический случай. Педиатрия. Consilium Medicum. 2016; 3: 103–8.
[Susekov A.V., Yafarova A.A., Shcherbakova M.Yu., Meshkov A.N. Regression of xanthomatosis in a 12-year-old patient with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: a case report. Pediatrics. Consilium Medicum. 2016; 3: 103–8 (in Russian).]
15. Зафираки В.К., Космачева Е.Д., Лузакова И.А. и др. Диагностика и лечение гетерозиготной семейной гиперхолестеринемии. Лечеб. дело. 2019; 3: 11–21.
[Zafiraki V.K., Kosmacheva E.D., Luzakova I.A. et al. Diagnostika i lechenie geterozigotnoi semeinoi giperkholesterinemii. Lecheb. delo. 2019; 3: 11–21 (in Russian).]
16. Зафираки В.К., Космачева Е.Д., Захарова И.Н. и др. Гомозиготная семейная гиперхолестеринемия:современные аспекты диагностки, патогенеза, диагностики и терапии. Мед. совет. 2018; 17: 253–60.
[Zafiraki V.K., Kosmacheva E.D., Zakharova I.N. et al. Gomozigotnaia semeinaia giperkholesterinemiia:sovremennye aspekty diagnostki, patogeneza, diagnostiki i terapii. Med. sovet. 2018; 17: 253–60 (in Russian).]
17. Susekov A, Meshkov A, Korneva V et al. Clinical characteristics and LDL-C achievement rates in 506 FH patients from 4 Russian lipid clinics. J Clin Lipidol 2016; 10 (3): 698. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2016.03.070
18. Сусеков А.В., Лугинова З.Г., Горнякова Н.Б., Балахонова Т.В. Замедление прогрессирования мультифокального атеросклероза у больной с первичной гиперхолестеринемией на фоне длительной (16 лет) гиполипидемической терапии. РМЖ. 2020; 10: 29–34.
[Susekov A.V., Luginova Z.G., Gorniakova N.B., Balakhonova T.V. Zamedlenie progressirovaniia mul'tifokal'nogo ateroskleroza u bol'noi s pervichnoi giperkholesterinemiei na fone dlitel'noi (16 let) gipolipidemicheskoi terapii. RMZh. 2020; 10: 29–34 (in Russian).]
19. Agatston AS, Janowitz WR, Hildner FJ et al. Quantification of coronary artery calcium using ultrafast computed tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol 1990; 15 (4): 827–32. DOI: 10.1016/0735–1097(90)90282-t
20. Федотенков И.С., Терновой С.К. Скрининг кальциноза коронарных артерий методом мультиспиральной компьютерной томографии. Мед. визуализация. 2017; 21 (4): 19–32. DOI: 10.24835/1607-0763-2017-4-19-32
[Fedotenkov I.S., Ternovoi S.K. Skrining kal'tsinoza koronarnykh arterii metodom mul'tispiral'noi komp'iuternoi tomografii. Med. vizualizatsiia. 2017; 21 (4): 19–32. DOI: 10.24835/1607-0763-2017-4-19-32 (in Russian).]
21. Hecht HS. For the Society of Atherosclerosis Imaging. Practice guidelines for electron-beam tomography: a report of the Society of Atherosclerosis Imaging. Am J Cardiol 2000; 86: 705–6.
22. Ford ES, Ajani UA, Croft JB et al. Explaining the Decrease in U. S. Deaths from Coronary Disease, 1980–2000. New Eng J Med 2007; 23 (7): 2388–98.
23. The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) Authors. 2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. Eur Heart J 2018: 39: 3021–104. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy339
24. Бойцов С.А., Баланова Ю.А., Шальнова С.А. и др. Артериальная гипертония среди лиц 25–64 лет: распространенность, осведомленность, лечение и контроль. По материалам исследования ЭССЕ. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2014; 13 (4): 4–14.
[Boitsov S.A., Balanova Iu.A., Shal'nova S.A. et al. Arterial'naia gipertoniia sredi lits 25–64 let: rasprostranennost', osvedomlennost', lechenie i kontrol'. Po materialam issledovaniia ESSE. Kardiovaskuliarnaia terapiia i profilaktika. 2014; 13 (4): 4–14 (in Russian).]
25. Бойцов С.А., Деев А.Д., Шальнова С.А. Смертность и факторы риска развития неинфекционных заболеваний в России: особенности, динамика и прогноз.Терапевтический архив. 2017; 89 (1): 5–13.
[Boitsov S.A., Deev A.D., Shalnova S.A. Mortality and risk factors for the development of non-communicable diseases in Russia: features, dynamics and prognosis. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2017; 89 (1): 5–13 (in Russian).]
26. Шальнова С.А., Деев А.Д., Баланова Ю.А. и др. Двадцатилетние тренды ожирения и артериальной гипертонии и их ассоциация в России. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2017; 16 (4): 4–10.
[Shal'nova S.A., Deev A.D., Balanova Iu.A. et al. Dvadtsatiletnie trendy ozhireniia i arterial'noi gipertonii i ikh assotsiatsiia v Rossii. Kardiovaskuliarnaia terapiia i profilaktika. 2017; 16 (4): 4–10 (in Russian).]
27. Бойцов С.А., Шальнова С.А., Деев А.Д. Смертность от сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний в Российской Федерации и возможные механизмы ее изменения. Журн. неврологии и психиатрии. 2018; 8: 98–103.
[Boitsov S.A., Shal'nova S.A., Deev A.D. Smertnost' ot serdechno-sosudistykh zabolevanii v Rossiiskoi Federatsii i vozmozhnye mekhanizmy ee izmeneniia. Zhurn. nevrologii i psikhiatrii. 2018; 8: 98–103 (in Russian).]
28. Муромцева Г.А., Концевая А.В., Константинов В.В. и др. Распространенность факторов риска неинфекционных заболеваний в российской популяции в 2012–2013 гг. Результаты исследования ЭССЕ-РФ. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2014; 13 (6): 4–11. DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2014-6-4-11
[Muromtseva G.A., Kontsevaia A.V., Konstantinov V.V. et al. Rasprostranennost' faktorov riska neinfektsionnykh zabolevanii v rossiiskoi populiatsii v 2012–2013 gg. Rezul'taty issledovaniia ESSE-RF. Kardiovaskuliarnaia terapiia i profilaktika. 2014; 13 (6): 4–11. DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2014-6-4-11 (in Russian).]
29. Poulter N. In Cardiovascular Disease: Risk Factors and Intervention. Eds: N. Poulter, P. Sever, S. Thom. Oxford: Radcliffe Medical Press, 1993.
30. DeBacker G, Jankowski P, Kotseva K et al. Management of dyslipidaemia in patients with coronary heart disease: Results from the ESC-EORP EUROASPIRE V survey in 27 countries. Atherosclerosis 2019; 285: 135–46.
31. Dalal JJ et al. LIPITENSION: Interplay between dyslipidemia and hypertension. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2012; 16 (2).
32. National Clinical Guideline Centre. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) clinical guideline CG181: lipid modification, cardiovascular risk assessment and the modification of blood lipids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg181. Published July 2014. Accessed January 11, 2021
33. National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. The Expert Panel. Arch Intern Med 1988; 148 (1): 36–69.
34. Lacland DT, Mitchel SV, DAgostino RD et al. Inclusion of stroke in cardiovascular risk prediction instruments: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 2012; 43 (7): 1998–2027. DOI: 10.1161/STR.0b013e31825bcdac
35. Aboyans V, Ricco JB, Bartelink M et al. 2017 ESC Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Diseases, in collaboration with the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS): Document covering atherosclerotic disease of extracranial carotid and vertebral, mesenteric, renal, upper and lower extremity arteriesEndorsed by: the European Stroke Organization (ESO)The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and of the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS). Eur Heart J 2018; 39 (9): 763–816. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx095
36. Amarenco P, Bogousslavsky J, Callahan A et al. High-dose atorvastatin after stroke or transient ischemic attack. N Engl J Med 2006; 355 (6): 549–59.
37. Amarenco P. IAS Congress. Boston, 8 June 2009.
38. Baigent C, Keech A, Keraney PM. Efficacy and Safety of Cholesterol-Lowering Treatment: Prospective Meta-Analysis of Data From 90,056 Participants in 14 Randomized Trials of Statins. Lancet 2005; 366 (9493): 1267–78.
39. Cholesterol Treatment Trialists (CTT) Collaborators Efficacy and safety of more intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol: a meta-analysis of data from 170,000 participants in 26 randomized trials. Lancet 2010; 376: 1670–81.
40. Cholesterol Treatment Trialists (CTT) Collaborators The effects of lowering LDL cholesterol with statin therapy in people at low risk of vascular disease: meta-analysis of individual data from 27 randomized trials. Lancet 2012; 380: 581–90.
41. Cholesterol Treatment Trialists (CTT) Collaborators. Efficacy and safety of LDL-lowering therapy among men and women: meta-analysis of individual data from 174,000 participants in 27 randomized trials. Lancet 2015; 385: 1397–405.
42. Cannon CP, Steinberg BA, Murphy SA et al. Meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcomes trials comparing Intensive versus Moderate statin therapy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006; 48: 438–45.
43. Riisgaard AR, Vestergaard Ch, Vestergaard M et al. Statins and risk of intracerebral hemorrage in individuals with a history of stroke. Stroke 2020; 51 (4): 1111–9. DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.119.027301
44. Newman C, Tobert J, Jacobson TA et al. Statin Safety and Associated Adverse Events A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39: e38–81. DOI: 10.1161/ATV.0000000000000073
45. Mortensen NB, Falk E, Schmidt M. Twenty-Year Nationwide Trends in Statin Utilization and Expenditure in Denmark. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2017; 10: e003811. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.
117.003811
________________________________________________
2. Borén J, Chapman MJ, Krauss RM et al. Low-density lipoproteins cause atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: pathophysiological, genetic, and therapeutic insights: a consensus statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel. Eur Heart J 2020; 41 (24): 2313–30. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz962
3. Grundy SM, Stone NJ, Bailey AL et al. A Repor of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 73 (24): e285–350. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.11.003
4. Authors/Task Force Members; ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines (CPG); ESC National Cardiac Societies 2019 ESC/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: Lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk. Atherosclerosis 2019; 290: 140–205. DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.08.014
5. Gitt A, Lautsch D, Ferriees J et al. Contemporary data on treatment practices for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in 6794 patients with stable coronary heart disease across the world. Data in brief 2018; 18: 1937–40.
6. Ershova A.I., Meshkov A.N., Iakushin S.S. et al. Diagnostika i lechenie bo'nykh s vyrazhennoi giperkholesterinemiei v real'noi ambulatorno-klinicheskoi praktike. (po dannym registra REKVAZA). Ratsion. farmakoterapiia v kardiologii. 2014; 10 (6): 612–6 (in Russian).
7. Akhmedzhanov N.M., Nebieridze D.V., Safarian A.S. et al. Analiz rasprostranennosti giperkholesterinemii v usloviiakh ambulatornoi praktiki (po dannym issledovaniia ARGO): chast' I. Ratsion. farmakoterapiia v kardiologii. 2015; 11 (3): 252–9 (in Russian).
8. Oganov R.G., Kukharchuk V.V., Arutiunov G.P. et al. Sokhraniaiushchiesia narusheniia pokazatelei lipidnogo spektra u patsientov s dislipidemiei, poluchaiushchikh statiny, v real'noi klinicheskoi praktike v Rossiiskoi Federatsii (rossiiskaia chast' issledovaniia DYSIS). Kardiovaskuliarnaia terapiia i profilaktika. 2012; 11 (4): 70–8 (in Russian).
9. Nordestgaard BG, Chapman MJ, Humphries SE et al. Familial hypercholesterolaemia is underdiagnosed and undertreated in the general population: guidance for clinicians to prevent coronary heart disease. Eur Heart J 2013; 34 (45): 3478–90a. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht273
10. Watts GF, Gidding S, Wierzbicki AS. Integrated guidance on the care of familial hypercholesterolaemia from the International FH Foundation. Int J Cardiol 2014; 171: 309–25.
11. Akioyamen LE, Genest J, Shan SD et al. Estimating the prevalence of heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2017; 7: e016461.
12. Vallejo-Vaz A, Sreenivasa R, Cole D et al. Familial hypercholesterolaemia: A global call to arms. Atherosclerosis 2015; 243: 257e259.
13. Vallejo-Vaza AJ, Marcoa M, Stevens AT. Overview of the current status of familial hypercholesterolaemia care in over 60 countries – The EAS Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC). Atherosclerosis 2018; 277: 234–55.
14. Susekov A.V., Yafarova A.A., Shcherbakova M.Yu., Meshkov A.N. Regression of xanthomatosis in a 12-year-old patient with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: a case report. Pediatrics. Consilium Medicum. 2016; 3: 103–8 (in Russian).
15. Zafiraki V.K., Kosmacheva E.D., Luzakova I.A. et al. Diagnostika i lechenie geterozigotnoi semeinoi giperkholesterinemii. Lecheb. delo. 2019; 3: 11–21 (in Russian).
16. Zafiraki V.K., Kosmacheva E.D., Zakharova I.N. et al. Gomozigotnaia semeinaia giperkholesterinemiia:sovremennye aspekty diagnostki, patogeneza, diagnostiki i terapii. Med. sovet. 2018; 17: 253–60 (in Russian).
17. Susekov A, Meshkov A, Korneva V et al. Clinical characteristics and LDL-C achievement rates in 506 FH patients from 4 Russian lipid clinics. J Clin Lipidol 2016; 10 (3): 698. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2016.03.070
18. Susekov A.V., Luginova Z.G., Gorniakova N.B., Balakhonova T.V. Zamedlenie progressirovaniia mul'tifokal'nogo ateroskleroza u bol'noi s pervichnoi giperkholesterinemiei na fone dlitel'noi (16 let) gipolipidemicheskoi terapii. RMZh. 2020; 10: 29–34 (in Russian).
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117.003811
Авторы
А.В. Сусеков*
ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия
*asus99@mail.ru
Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia
*asus99@mail.ru
ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия
*asus99@mail.ru
________________________________________________
Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia
*asus99@mail.ru
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