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Актуальность профилактики гриппа и пневмококковой инфекции в период продолжающейся пандемии COVID-19
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Ignatova GL, Antonov VN. The actuality of preventing influenza and pneumococcal infection during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Consilium Medicum. 2021; 23 (3): 275–279. DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2021.3.200765
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Ключевые слова: новая коронавирусная инфекция, грипп, пневмококковая инфекция, вакцинация
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The article discusses the issues of vaccine prevention of influenza and pneumococcal infections during the ongoing pandemic of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19. Statistical data on the prevalence of these infections at the current time are provided. Co-infection can increase the symptoms of the diseases in these cases, and managing this condition is important for certain groups of patients. Respiratory viruses induce the attachment of pneumococcus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Hemophilus bacillus to the epithelial cells of the respiratory tract. The WHO position on influenza vaccination in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic is presented, and its main provisions are analyzed. Recommendations on the use of the main types of vaccines are given. Currently, the priority is to use 4-valent vaccines that ensure the development of the most stable immunity. In the Russian Federation, such a vaccine that meets all WHO recommendations is Ultrix Quadri, a tetravalent inactivated split influenza vaccine. The drug is a mixture of protective surface and internal antigens of influenza viruses of type A [subtypes A(H1N1) and A(H3N2)] and type B (Yamagata line and Victoria line). The use of vaccination schemes for pneumococcal infection was also discussed.
Keywords: new coronavirus infection, influenza, pneumococcal infection, vaccination
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1. WHO Bulletin. Timeline of WHO response to COVID-19. Available at: https://www.who.int/ru/news/item/29-06-2020-covidtimeline. Accessed 09.02.2021 (in Russian)
2. COVID-19 Dashboard by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University (JHU). Available at: https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html. Accessed 09.02.2021 (in Russian)].
3. Temporary guidelines "Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of new coronavirus infection (COVID-19)" version 10. (02/08/2021). Available at:
https://minzdrav.gov.ru/ministry/med_covid19. Accessed 08.02.2021 (in Russian)
4. Trilla A, Trilla G, Daer C. The 1918 “Spanish Flu” in Spain. Clin Infect Dis. 2008; 47 (Issue 5): 668–73. DOI: 10.1086/590567
5. Monto AS, Fukuda K. Lessons from influenza pandemics of the last 100 years. Clin Infect Dis. 2020; 70 (Issue 5): 951–7. DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz803
6. WHO press release "Every year from respiratory diseases associated with seasonal influenza, die up to 650 thousand people". Available at:
https://www.who.int/ru/news/item/14-12-2017-up-to-650-000-people-die-of-respiratory-diseases-linked-.... Accessed 08.02.2021 (in Russian)
7. Grohskopf LA, Alyanak E, Broder KR, et al. Prevention and Control of Seasonal Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices – United States, 2020–21 Influenza Season. MMWR Recomm Rep 2020; 69 (RR-8): 1–24. DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.rr6908a1
8. WHO Bulletin. Flu. Available at: https://www.who.int/ru/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/influenza-(seasonal). Accessed 09.02.2021 (in Russian)
9. Kostinov MP, Svitich OA, Markelova EV. Potential COVID-19 immunization in high-risk groups. Temporary allowance for doctors. Moscow, 2020 (in Russian)
10. WHO Regional Office for Europe recommendations for influenza vaccination in the 2020/2021 season. amid the ongoing COVID-19 (2020) pandemic. Available at:
https://www.euro.who.int/ru/health-topics/communicable-diseases/influenza/vaccination/who-regional-o.... Accessed 08.02.2021 (in Russian)
11. Shanko A, Shuklina M, Kovaleva A, et al. Comparative immunological study in mice of inactivated influenza vaccines used in the Russian immunization program. Vaccines. 2020; 8 (4): 756. DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040756
12. Root-Bernstein R. Possible Cross-Reactivity between SARS-CoV-2 Proteins, CRM197 and Proteins in Pneumococcal Vaccines May Protect Against Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Disease and Death. Vaccines. 2020; 8 (4): 559. DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040559
13. Guidelines for routine immunization during the COVID-19 pandemic in the WHO European Region. Guidance as of 20 March 2020. Available at: https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-emergencies/coronavirus-covid-19/publications-and-t.... Accessed 06.02.2021 (in Russian)
14. Grabowska K, Högberg L, Penttinen P, et al. Occurrence of invasive pneumococcal disease and number of excess cases due to influenza. BMC Infect Dis 2006; 6: 58. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-6-58
15. Weekly national bulletin on influenza and SARS. Available at: https://www.influenza.spb.ru/import/2020_51_ld_ru/index.pdf. Accessed 06.02.2021 (in Russian)
16. Toombs JM, Van den Abbeele K, Democratis J, et al. Pneumococcal coinfection in COVID-19 patients. J Med Virol. 2021; 93 (1): 177–9. DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26278. PMID: 32639585; PMCID: PMC7361306.
17. Sultana J, Mazzaglia G, Luxi N, et al. Potential effects of vaccinations on the prevention of COVID-19: rationale, clinical evidence, risks, and public health considerations. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2020; 19 (10): 919–36. DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2020.1825951. PMID: 32940090.
ФГБОУ ВО «Южно-Уральский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России, Челябинск, Россия
*iglign@mail.ru
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Galina L. Ignatova*, Vladimir N. Antonov
South Ural State Medical University, Chelyabinsk, Russia
*iglign@mail.ru