Факт генетической предрасположенности к развитию сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний у близких родственников не вызывает сомнений. При этом степень идентичности коронарной анатомии и атеросклеротического процесса у родных братьев до сих пор остается за пределами исследовательского интереса. Цель. Изучить анатомию и состояние коронарного русла у пар сибсов мужского пола страдающих ишемической болезнью сердца (ИБС). Провести сравнительный анализ степени анатомической и атеросклеротической идентичности пар родных братьев и пар пациентов, не имеющих родственной связи. Материалы и методы. В ретроспективное исследование вошли 87 пациентов мужского пола. Основная группа (58 пациентов, или 29 пар) состояла из пар сибсов (родных братьев), в которых хотя бы один брат имел документированную ИБС. В контрольную группу вошли 29 пациентов, составляющих пару для старших братьев основной группы и не имеющих с ними родственной связи. Для оценки коронарного русла в каждой паре пациентов анализировали 25 сегментов коронарных артерий (калькулятор SYNTAX Score). Для каждой пары подсчитывали количество анатомически сходных сегментов и сегментов, имеющих идентичное атеросклеротическое поражение. На основании отношения количества идентичных сегментов к их общему количеству (n=25) для каждой пары рассчитывали индексы анатомической и атеросклеротической идентичности. Результаты. Исследование продемонстрировало, что индексы анатомической и атеросклеротической идентичности в среднем достоверно выше в парах сибсов по сравнению с контрольными неродственными парами пациентов (0,92 против 0,88, p=0,008 и 0,92 против 0,76, p<0,001 соответственно). При анализе характера атеросклеротических поражений коронарных артерий в парах сибсов также выявлена статистически значимая идентичность поражений целого ряда сегментов коронарных артерий, с максимально высоким согласием для ствола левой коронарной артерии (κ=0,869, p<0,001) и для проксимальных сегментов основных ветвей коронарного русла: передней межжелудочковой ветви (κ=0,786, p<0,001) и правой коронарной артерии (κ=0,812, p<0,001). В группе контрольных пар анатомическая и атеросклеротическая идентичности достоверно ниже. Заключение. У сибсов с горизонтальной наследственной отягощенностью по ИБС индексы анатомической и атеросклеротической идентичности достоверно выше по сравнению с контрольными парами. У сибсов отмечается достоверно большая вероятность идентичного поражения коронарного русла в стволе левой коронарной артерии и в проксимальных сегментах передней межжелудочковой ветви и правой коронарной артерии.
There is no doubt that there is a similar genetic predisposition in close relatives to the development of cardiovascular disease, while the features of coronary anatomy and possible commonality of pathological process in close relatives remain beyond research interest. Aim. To study the anatomy of the coronary arteries, the nature and severity of coronary lesion in pairs of male siblings suffering from coronary artery disease, in comparison with control pairs of patients who are not closely related. Materials and methods. This retrospective study included 87 male patients. The main group (58 patients or 29 couples) consisted of siblings with a “horizontal” hereditary burden for coronary artery disease. The control subgroup included 29 big brothers of the main group and another 29 patients who unrelated to them. To assess the degree of anatomy identity of the coronary bed in pairs of patients, we used a comparative characteristic of 25 segments of the coronary arteries (SyntaxScore). If there was similarity in anatomy and in the severity of the atherosclerotic process, each segment was assigned one point. In terms of the ratio of the total scores to the total number of segments (n=25), each pair of patients was assigned anatomical and atherosclerotic identity indexes. Results. According to the results of the study, the average indices of anatomical and atherosclerotic identity indexes were significantly higher in pairs of sibs compared to control pairs of patients (0.92 versus 0.88, p=0.008 and 0.92 versus 0.76, p<0.001 respectively). When analyzing atherosclerotic lesions of the coronary arteries in pairs of sibs, a statistically significant coincidence of lesions in a number of segments of the coronary arteries was revealed, with the highest agreement in the left main coronary artery (κ=0.869, p<0.001) and in the proximal segments of the main branches of the coronary arteries: left anterior descending artery (κ=0.786, p<0.001) and right coronary artery (κ=0.812, p<0.001). In the group of control pairs, such regularities were not revealed. Conclusion. In siblings with “horizontal” hereditary burden for coronary artery disease along the sibling line, the average anatomical and atherosclerotic identity indexes are significantly higher compared to control pairs. In pairs of siblings, there is the highest and most reliable probability of developing coronary atherosclerosis in the left main coronary artery and in the proximal segments of the left anterior descending artery and right coronary artery.
Keywords: anatomy of the coronary arteries, localization of coronary atherosclerosis, siblings, coronary heart disease
1. Friedlander Y, Kark JD, Stein Y. Family history of myocardial infarction as an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease. Br Heart J. 1985;53(4):382-7. DOI:10.1136/hrt.53.4.382
2. Sesso HD, Lee IM, Gaziano JM, et al. Maternal and paternal history of myocardial infarction and risk of cardiovascular disease in men and women. Circulation. 2001;104(4):393-8. DOI:10.1161/hc2901.093115
3. Shea S, Ottman R, Gabrieli C, et al. Family history as an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1984;4(4):793-801.
DOI:10.1016/s0735-1097(84)80408-8
4. Lloyd-Jones DM, Nam BH, D’Agostino RB, et al. Parental cardiovascular disease as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease in middle-aged adults: a prospective study of parents and offspring. JAMA. 2004;291(18):2204-11. DOI:10.1001/jama.291.18.2204
5. Myers RH, Kiely DK, Cupples LA, Kannel WB. Parental history is an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease: the Framingham Study. Am Heart J. 1990;120(4):963-9. DOI:10.1016/0002-8703(90)90216-k
6. Snowden CB, McNamara PM, Garrison RJ, et al. Predicting coronary heart disease in siblings – a multivariate assessment: the Framingham Heart Study. Am J Epidemiol. 1982;115(2):217-22. DOI:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113293
7. Scheuner MT, Setodji CM, Pankow JS, et al. General Cardiovascular Risk Profile identifies advanced coronary artery calcium and is improved by family history: the multiethnic study of atherosclerosis. Circ Cardiovasc Genet. 2010;3(1):97-105. DOI:10.1161/CIRCGENETICS.109.894527
8. Murabito JM, Pencina MJ, Nam BH, et al. Sibling cardiovascular disease as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease in middle-aged adults. JAMA. 2005;294(24):3117-23.
DOI:10.1001/jama.294.24.3117
9. Hindieh W, Pilote L, Cheema A, et al. Association Between Family History, a Genetic Risk Score, and Severity of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients With Premature Acute Coronary Syndromes. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2016;36(6):1286-92. DOI:10.1161/ATVBAHA.115.306944
10. Frings AM, Mayer B, Böcker W, et al. Comparative coronary anatomy in six twin pairs with coronary artery disease. Heart. 2000;83(1):47-50. DOI:10.1136/heart.83.1.47
11. Nathoe HM, Stella PR, Eefting FD, de Jaegere PP. Angiographic findings in monozygotic twins with coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol. 2002;89(8):1006-9.
DOI:10.1016/s0002-9149(02)02262-2
12. Samuels LE, Samuels FS, Thomas MP, et al. Coronary artery disease in identical twins. Ann Thorac Surg. 1999;68(2):594-600. DOI:10.1016/s0003-4975(99)00629-3
13. Kaluza G, Abukhalil JM, Raizner AE. Identical atherosclerotic lesions in identical twins. Circulation. 2000;101:e63-4.
14. Sianos G, Morel MA, Kappetein AP, et al. The SYNTAX Score: an angiographic tool grading the complexity of coronary artery disease. EuroIntervention. 2005;1(2):219-27.
15. von Lüdinghausen M. The clinical anatomy of coronary arteries. Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol. 2003;167:III-VIII,1-111. DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-55807-8
16. Bogaty P, Brecker SJ, White SE, et al. Comparison of coronary angiographic findings in acute and chronic first presentation of ischemic heart disease. Circulation. 1993;87(6):1938-46. DOI:10.1161/01.cir.87.6.1938
17. Sharp SD, Williams RR, Hunt SC, Schumacher MC. Coronary risk factors and the severity of angiographic coronary artery disease in members of high-risk pedigrees. Am Heart J. 1992;123(2):279-85. DOI:10.1016/0002-8703(92)90635-9
18. Parikh NI, Hwang SJ, Larson MG, et al. Parental occurrence of premature cardiovascular disease predicts increased coronary artery and abdominal aortic calcification in the Framingham Offspring and Third Generation cohorts. Circulation. 2007;116(13):1473-81. DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.705202
19. Otaki Y, Gransar H, Berman DS, et al. Impact of family history of coronary artery disease in young individuals (from the CONFIRM registry). Am J Cardiol. 2013;111(8):1081-6. DOI:10.1016/j.amjcard.2012.12.042
20. Sunman H, Yorgun H, Canpolat U, et al. Association between family history of premature coronary artery disease and coronary atherosclerotic plaques shown by multidetector computed tomography coronary angiography. Int J Cardiol. 2013;164(3):355-8. DOI:10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.07.043
________________________________________________
1. Friedlander Y, Kark JD, Stein Y. Family history of myocardial infarction as an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease. Br Heart J. 1985;53(4):382-7. DOI:10.1136/hrt.53.4.382
2. Sesso HD, Lee IM, Gaziano JM, et al. Maternal and paternal history of myocardial infarction and risk of cardiovascular disease in men and women. Circulation. 2001;104(4):393-8. DOI:10.1161/hc2901.093115
3. Shea S, Ottman R, Gabrieli C, et al. Family history as an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1984;4(4):793-801.
DOI:10.1016/s0735-1097(84)80408-8
4. Lloyd-Jones DM, Nam BH, D’Agostino RB, et al. Parental cardiovascular disease as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease in middle-aged adults: a prospective study of parents and offspring. JAMA. 2004;291(18):2204-11. DOI:10.1001/jama.291.18.2204
5. Myers RH, Kiely DK, Cupples LA, Kannel WB. Parental history is an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease: the Framingham Study. Am Heart J. 1990;120(4):963-9. DOI:10.1016/0002-8703(90)90216-k
6. Snowden CB, McNamara PM, Garrison RJ, et al. Predicting coronary heart disease in siblings – a multivariate assessment: the Framingham Heart Study. Am J Epidemiol. 1982;115(2):217-22. DOI:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113293
7. Scheuner MT, Setodji CM, Pankow JS, et al. General Cardiovascular Risk Profile identifies advanced coronary artery calcium and is improved by family history: the multiethnic study of atherosclerosis. Circ Cardiovasc Genet. 2010;3(1):97-105. DOI:10.1161/CIRCGENETICS.109.894527
8. Murabito JM, Pencina MJ, Nam BH, et al. Sibling cardiovascular disease as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease in middle-aged adults. JAMA. 2005;294(24):3117-23.
DOI:10.1001/jama.294.24.3117
9. Hindieh W, Pilote L, Cheema A, et al. Association Between Family History, a Genetic Risk Score, and Severity of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients With Premature Acute Coronary Syndromes. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2016;36(6):1286-92. DOI:10.1161/ATVBAHA.115.306944
10. Frings AM, Mayer B, Böcker W, et al. Comparative coronary anatomy in six twin pairs with coronary artery disease. Heart. 2000;83(1):47-50. DOI:10.1136/heart.83.1.47
11. Nathoe HM, Stella PR, Eefting FD, de Jaegere PP. Angiographic findings in monozygotic twins with coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol. 2002;89(8):1006-9.
DOI:10.1016/s0002-9149(02)02262-2
12. Samuels LE, Samuels FS, Thomas MP, et al. Coronary artery disease in identical twins. Ann Thorac Surg. 1999;68(2):594-600. DOI:10.1016/s0003-4975(99)00629-3
13. Kaluza G, Abukhalil JM, Raizner AE. Identical atherosclerotic lesions in identical twins. Circulation. 2000;101:e63-4.
14. Sianos G, Morel MA, Kappetein AP, et al. The SYNTAX Score: an angiographic tool grading the complexity of coronary artery disease. EuroIntervention. 2005;1(2):219-27.
15. von Lüdinghausen M. The clinical anatomy of coronary arteries. Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol. 2003;167:III-VIII,1-111. DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-55807-8
16. Bogaty P, Brecker SJ, White SE, et al. Comparison of coronary angiographic findings in acute and chronic first presentation of ischemic heart disease. Circulation. 1993;87(6):1938-46. DOI:10.1161/01.cir.87.6.1938
17. Sharp SD, Williams RR, Hunt SC, Schumacher MC. Coronary risk factors and the severity of angiographic coronary artery disease in members of high-risk pedigrees. Am Heart J. 1992;123(2):279-85. DOI:10.1016/0002-8703(92)90635-9
18. Parikh NI, Hwang SJ, Larson MG, et al. Parental occurrence of premature cardiovascular disease predicts increased coronary artery and abdominal aortic calcification in the Framingham Offspring and Third Generation cohorts. Circulation. 2007;116(13):1473-81. DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.705202
19. Otaki Y, Gransar H, Berman DS, et al. Impact of family history of coronary artery disease in young individuals (from the CONFIRM registry). Am J Cardiol. 2013;111(8):1081-6. DOI:10.1016/j.amjcard.2012.12.042
20. Sunman H, Yorgun H, Canpolat U, et al. Association between family history of premature coronary artery disease and coronary atherosclerotic plaques shown by multidetector computed tomography coronary angiography. Int J Cardiol. 2013;164(3):355-8. DOI:10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.07.043
1 ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет), Москва, Россия;
2 ГБУЗ МО «Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт им. М.Ф. Владимирского», Москва, Россия
*kamolovimomali@yandex.ru
________________________________________________
Imomali H. Kamolov*1, Sergey P. Semitko1, Irina E. Chernysheva1, Nino V. Tsereteli1, Tamara S. Sandodze1, Alexey V. Azarov1,2, Victor V. Fomin1, David G. Ioseliani1
1 Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia;
2 Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute, Moscow, Russia
*kamolovimomali@yandex.ru