Материалы доступны только для специалистов сферы здравоохранения. Авторизуйтесь или зарегистрируйтесь.
Эпидемиология, клиника и диагностика эпилептического статуса у взрослых
Эпидемиология, клиника и диагностика эпилептического статуса у взрослых
Гайнетдинова Г.Р., Данилова Т.В. Эпидемиология, клиника и диагностика эпилептического статуса у взрослых. Consilium Medicum. 2022;24(11):805–810. DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2022.11.201958
© ООО «КОНСИЛИУМ МЕДИКУМ», 2022 г.
© ООО «КОНСИЛИУМ МЕДИКУМ», 2022 г.
________________________________________________
Материалы доступны только для специалистов сферы здравоохранения. Авторизуйтесь или зарегистрируйтесь.
Аннотация
Одной из причин нарушения сознания является эпилептический статус, который может развиться как у пациентов, страдающих эпилепсией, так и у пациентов без эпилептического анамнеза. Наиболее сложной диагностической задачей является выявление бессудорожного эпилептического статуса. Проанализированы наиболее часто обсуждаемые в литературе вопросы клинической картины, диагностики разных вариантов эпилептического статуса. Особое внимание уделено особенностям эпилептического статуса у пациентов старших возрастных групп.
Ключевые слова: эпилептический статус, бессудорожный эпилептический статус, эпидемиология, диагностика
Keywords: status epilepticus, non-convulsive status epilepticus, epidemiology, diagnosis
Ключевые слова: эпилептический статус, бессудорожный эпилептический статус, эпидемиология, диагностика
________________________________________________
Keywords: status epilepticus, non-convulsive status epilepticus, epidemiology, diagnosis
Полный текст
Список литературы
1. Биркун А.А. Пациент без сознания: неотложная диагностика и лечение. Медицина неотложных состояний. 2013;8(55):9-15 [Birkun AA. Unconscious patient: emergency diagnosis and treatment. Meditsina neotlozhnykh sostoianii. 2013;8(55):9-15 (in Russian)].
2. Leitinger M, Trinka E, Giovannini G, et al. Epidemiology of status epilepticus in adults: A population-based study on incidence, causes, and outcomes. Epilepsia. 2019;60(1):53-62. DOI:10.1111/epi.14607
3. Ruegg S. Non-convulsive status epilepticus in adults: an overview. Schweiz Arch Neurol Psychiatr. 2008;159:53-83. DOI:10.4414/sanp.2008.01928
4. Knake S, Rosenow F, Vescovi M, et al. Incidence of status epilepticus in adults in Germany: a prospective, population-based study. Epilepsia. 2001;42(6):714-8.
DOI:10.1046/j.1528-1157.2001.01101.x
5. Trinka E, Cock H, Hesdorffer D, et al. A definition and classification of status epilepticus – Report of the ILAE Task Force on Classification of Status Epilepticus. Epilepsia. 2015;56(10):1515-23. DOI:10.1111/epi.13121
6. Карлов В.А. Эпилепсия у детей и взрослых, женщин и мужчин. М.: Медицина, 2019 [Karlov VA. Epilepsiia u detei i vzroslykh, zhenshchin i muzhchin. Moscow: Meditsina, 2019 (in Russian)].
7. Belcastro V, Vidale S, Gorgone G, et al. Non-convulsive status epilepticus after ischemic stroke: a hospital-based stroke cohort study. J Neurol. 2014;261(11):2136-42. DOI:10.1007/s00415-014-7471-z
8. Fernández-Torre JL, Agirre Z, Puchades R, et al. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus causing prolonged stupor after intraventricular hemorrhage: report of a case. Clin EEG Neurosci. 2007;38(1):57-60. DOI:10.1177/155005940703800112
9. Синкин М.В., Каймовский И.Л., Комольцев И.Г., и др. Электроэнцефалография в остром периоде инсульта. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2020;120(8-2):10-6 [Sinkin MV, Kaimovsky IL, Komoltsev IG, et al. Electroencephalography in acute stroke. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova. 2020;120(8-2):10-6 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.17116/jnevro202012008210
10. Alroughani R, Javidan M, Qasem A, Alotaibi N. Non-convulsive status epilepticus; the rate of occurrence in a general hospital. Seizure. 2009;18(1):38-42. DOI:10.1016/j.seizure.2008.06.013
11. Александров М.В., Повалюхина Е.С., Александрова Т.В., Улитин А.Ю. Диагностика бессудорожного эпилептического статуса при тяжелой черепно-мозговой травме: динамика клинико-электроэнцефалографических критериев. Медицинский алфавит. 2019;4(36):8-14 [Aleksandrov MV, Povalyukhina ES, Alexandrova TV, Ulitin AYu. Non-convulsive status epilepticus diagnostics in severe brain injury: dynamics of clinical-electroencephalographic criteria. Medical Alphabet. 2019;4(36):8-14 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.33667/2078-5631-2019-4-36(411)-8-14
12. Blitshteyn S, Jaeckle KA. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus in metastatic CNS disease. Neurology. 2006;66(8):1261-3. DOI:10.1212/01.wnl.0000208432.26473.1f
13. Cury RF, Wichert-Ana L, Sakamoto AC, Fernandes RM. Focal nonconvulsive status epilepticus associated to PLEDs and intense focal hyperemia in an AIDS patient. Seizure. 2004;13(5):358-61. DOI:10.1016/j.seizure.2003.07.001
14. Gunduz A, Beskardes AF, Kutlu A, et al. Herpes encephalitis as a cause of nonconvulsive status epilepticus. Epileptic Disord. 2006;8(1):57-60.
15. Cohen D, Kutluay E, Edwards J, et al. Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease presenting with nonconvulsive status epilepticus. Epilepsy Behav. 2004;5(5):792-6. DOI:10.1016/j.yebeh.2004.06.019
16. Octaviana F, Bestari AP, Loho AM, et al. Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus in Metabolic Encephalopathy in Indonesia Referral Hospital. Neurol India. 2021;69(2):354-9. DOI:10.4103/0028-3886.314533
17. Карлов В.А. Эпилептическая энцефалопатия. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. C.C. Корсакова. 2006;106(2):4-12 [Karlov VA. Epileptic encephalopathy. Zhurnal nevrologii i psihiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova. 2006;106(2):4-12 (in Russian)].
18. Карлов В.А. Абсанс. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. C.C. Корсакова. 2005;105(3):55-60 [Karlov VA. Absans. Zhurnal nevrologii i psihiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova. 2005;105(3):55-60 (in Russian)].
19. Iftikhar S, Dahbour S, Nauman S. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus: high incidence in dialysis-dependent patients. Hemodial Int. 2007;11(4):392-7.
DOI:10.1111/j.1542-4758.2007.00206.x
20. Nobutoki T, Takahashi JY, Ihara T. A 5-year-old boy with nonconvulsive status epilepticus induced by theophylline treatment. No To Hattatsu. 2008;40(4):328-32 (in Japanese).
21. Olnes MJ, Golding A, Kaplan PW. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus resulting from benzodiazepine withdrawal. Ann Intern Med. 2003;139(11):956-8.
DOI:10.7326/0003-4819-139-11-200312020-00022
22. Lennox WG. The petit mal epilepsies; their treatment with tridione. J Am Med Assoc. 1945;129:1069-74. DOI:10.1001/jama.1945.02860500001001
23. Haffey S, McKernan A, Pang K. Non-convulsive status epilepticus: a profile of patients diagnosed within a tertiary referral centre. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2004;75(7):1043-4. DOI:10.1136/jnnp.2003.019612
24. Jordan KG. Nonconvulsive seizures (NCS) and nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) detected by continuous EEG monitoring in the neuro ICU. Neurology. 1992;42:180
25. Towne AR, Waterhouse EJ, Boggs JG, et al. Prevalence of nonconvulsive status epilepticus in comatose patients. Neurology. 2000;54(2):340-5. DOI:10.1212/wnl.54.2.340
26. Privitera M, Hoffman M, Moore JL, Jester D. EEG detection of nontonic-clonic status epilepticus in patients with altered consciousness. Epilepsy Res. 1994;18(2):155-66. DOI:10.1016/0920-1211(94)90008-6
27. Сумский Л.И., Михайлов А.Ю., Березина И.Ю. Электрографические проявления бессудорожного эпилептического статуса у больных в коматозном состоянии. Вектор развития высоких медицинских технологий на госпитальном этапе: материалы научно-практической конференции. Рязань, 18–19 апреля 2019 г. Научно-практическое общество врачей неотложной медицины; НИИ скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского; НИИ скорой помощи им. И.И. Джанелидзе. М.: Научно-практическое общество врачей неотложной медицины, 2019; c. 164-5 [Sumskii LI, Mikhailov AYu, Berezina IYu. Elektrograficheskiie proiavleniia bessudorozhnogo epilepticheskogo statusa u bol'nykh v komatoznom sostoianii. Vektor razvitiia vysokikh meditsinskikh tekhnologii na gospital'nom etape: materialy nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii. Riazan', 18–19 aprelia 2019 g. Nauchno-prakticheskoie obshchestvo vrachei neotlozhnoi meditsiny; NII skoroi pomoshchi im. NV Sklifosovskogo; NII skoroi pomoshchi im. II Dzhanelidze. Moscow: Nauchno-prakticheskoie obshchestvo vrachei neotlozhnoi meditsiny, 2019; p. 164-5 (in Russian)].
28. DeLorenzo RJ, Waterhouse EJ, Towne AR, et al. Persistent nonconvulsive status epilepticus after the control of convulsive status epilepticus. Epilepsia. 1998;39(8):833-40. DOI:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1998.tb01177.x
29. Александров М.В., Боровикова В.Н., Кузнецова Л.А., и др. Бессудорожный эпилептический статус в остром периоде тяжелой черепно-мозговой травмы. Российский нейрохирургический журнал им. проф. А.Л. Поленова. 2015;5(7):8 [Aleksandrov MV, Borovikova VN, Kuznecova LA, et al. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus in the acute period of severe craniocerebral trauma. Russian Journal of Neurosurgery. 2015;5(7):8 (in Russian)].
30. Friedman D, Claassen J, Hirsch LJ. Continuous electroencephalogram monitoring in the intensive care unit. Anesth Analg. 2009;109(2):506-3. DOI:10.1213/ane.0b013e3181a9d8b5
31. Vespa PM, Nuwer MR, Nenov V, et al. Increased incidence and impact of nonconvulsive and convulsive seizures after traumatic brain injury as detected by continuous electroencephalographic monitoring. J Neurosurg. 1999;91(5):750-60. DOI:10.3171/jns.1999.91.5.0750
32. Amantini A, Fossi S, Grippo A, et al. Continuous EEG-SEP monitoring in severe brain injury. Neurophysiol Clin. 2009;39(2):85-93. DOI:10.1016/j.neucli.2009.01.006
33. Vespa PM, O'Phelan K, Shah M, et al. Acute seizures after intracerebral hemorrhage: a factor in progressive midline shift and outcome. Neurology. 2003;60(9):1441-6. DOI:10.1212/01.wnl.0000063316.47591.b4
34. Dennis LJ, Claassen J, Hirsch LJ, et al. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurgery. 2002;51(5):1136-43.
DOI:10.1097/00006123-200211000-00006
35. Little AS, Kerrigan JF, McDougall CG et al. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus in patients suffering spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg. 2007;106(5):805-11. DOI:10.3171/jns.2007.106.5.805
36. Al-Mefty O, Wrubel D, Haddad N. Postoperative nonconvulsive encephalopathic status: identification of a syndrome responsible for delayed progressive deterioration of neurological status after skull base surgery. Clinical article. J Neurosurg. 2009;111(5):1062-8. DOI:10.3171/2008.12.JNS08418
37. Rabinstein AA. Continuous electroencephalography in the medical ICU. Neurocrit Care. 2009;11(3):445-6. DOI:10.1007/s12028-009-9260-6
38. Tu TM, Loh NK, Tan NC. Clinical risk factors for non-convulsive status epilepticus during emergent electroencephalogram. Seizure. 2013;22(9):794-7. DOI:10.1016/j.seizure.2013.05.019
39. Claassen J, Mayer SA, Kowalski RG, et al. Detection of electrographic seizures with continuous EEG monitoring in critically ill patients. Neurology. 2004;62(10):1743-8. DOI:10.1212/01.wnl.0000125184.88797.62
40. Maganti R, Gerber P, Drees C, Chung S. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus. Epilepsy Behav. 2008;12(4):572-86. DOI:10.1016/j.yebeh.2007.12.002
41. Mesraoua B, Deleu D, Al Hail H, et al. Clinical presentation, epidemiology, neurophysiological findings, treatment and outcome of nonconvulsive status epilepticus: a 3-year prospective, hospital-based study. J Drug Assess. 2017;6(1):18-32. DOI:10.1080/21556660.2017.1396992
42. Holtkamp M, Meierkord H. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge in the intensive care setting. Ther Adv Neurol Disord. 2011;4(3):169-81. DOI:10.1177/1756285611403826
43. Leitinger M, Beniczky S, Rohracher A, et al. Salzburg Consensus Criteria for Non-Convulsive Status Epilepticus--approach to clinical application. Epilepsy Behav. 2015;49:158-63. DOI:10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.05.007
44. Бабкина Ю.А. Метод электроэнцефалографии для диагностики эпилепсии. НейроNews: психоневрология и нейропсихиатрия. 2019;4(105):22-8 [Babkina JuA. Electroencephalography method for diagnosing epilepsy. NejroNews: psihonevrologija i nejropsihiatrija. 2019;4(105):22-8 (in Russian)].
45. Walker M, Cross H, Smith S, et al. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus: Epilepsy Research Foundation workshop reports. Epileptic Disord. 2005;7(3):253-96.
46. DeLorenzo RJ. Clinical and epidemiologic study of status epilepticus in the elderly (Chap 15). In: Rowan AJ, Ramsay RE, eds. Seizures and epilepsy in the elderly. Boston: Butterworth Heinemann, 1997; p. 191-205.
47. Vignatelli L, Tonon C, D'Alessandro R; Bologna Group for the Study of Status Epilepticus. Incidence and short-term prognosis of status epilepticus in adults in Bologna, Italy. Epilepsia. 2003;44(7):964-8. DOI:10.1046/j.1528-1157.2003.63702.x
48. Leppik IE. Status epilepticus in the elderly. Epilepsia. 2018;59(S2):140-3. DOI:10.1111/epi.14497
49. Tedrus GM, Nogueira E, Vidal MA. Elderly patients with nonconvulsive status epilepticus: Clinical-EEG data, hospital mortality, STESS and EMSE. Seizure. 2021;94:18-22. DOI:10.1016/j.seizure.2021.11.004
50. Canouï-Poitrine F, Bastuji-Garin S, Alonso E, et al. Risk and prognostic factors of status epilepticus in the elderly: a case-control study. Epilepsia. 2011;52(10):1849-56.DOI:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2011.03168.x
51. Vilella L, González Cuevas M, Quintana Luque M, et al. Prognosis of status epilepticus in elderly patients. Acta Neurol Scand. 2018;137(3):321-8. DOI:10.1111/ane.12867
52. Rohracher A, Reiter DP, Brigo F, et al. Status epilepticus in the elderly – A retrospective study on 120 patients. Epilepsy Res. 2016;127:317-23. DOI:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2016.08.016
53. Meierkord H, Boon P, Engelsen B, et al. EFNS guideline on the management of status epilepticus in adults. Eur J Neurol. 2010;17(3):348-55. DOI:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02917.x
54. Cheng S. Non-convulsive status epilepticus in the elderly. Epileptic Disord. 2014;16(4):385-94. DOI:10.1684/epd.2014.0709
55. Varelas PN, Mirski MA. Status epilepticus. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2009;9(6):469-76. DOI:10.1007/s11910-009-0069-7
56. Celesia GG. Modern concepts of status epilepticus. JAMA. 1976;235(15):1571-4.
57. DeLorenzo RJ, Towne AR, Pellock JM, Ko D. Status epilepticus in children, adults, and the elderly. Epilepsia. 1992;33 Suppl. 4:S15-25. DOI:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1992.tb06223.x
58. Shorvon S. The concept of status epilepticus and its history. Status epilepticus: its clinical features and treatment in children and adults. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994; p.1-20.
59. Beyenburg S, Elger CE, Reuber M. Acute confusion or altered mental state: consider nonconvulsive status epilepticus. Gerontology. 2007;53(6):388-96. DOI:10.1159/000106829
60. Canas N, Delgado H, Silva V, et al. The electroclinical spectrum, etiologies, treatment and outcome of nonconvulsive status epilepticus in the elderly. Epilepsy Behav. 2018;79:53-57. DOI:10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.10.034
61. Dupont S. Non convulsive status epilepticus in the elderly. Geriatr Psychol Neuropsychiatr Vieil. 2019;17(S1):25-30. DOI:10.1684/pnv.2019.0782
62. Mauricio EA, Freeman WD. Status epilepticus in the elderly: differential diagnosis and treatment. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2011;7:161-6. DOI:10.2147/NDT.S10537
63. Zehtabchi S, Abdel Baki SG, Omurtag A, et al. Prevalence of non-convulsive seizure and other electroencephalographic abnormalities in ED patients with altered mental status. Am J Emerg Med. 2013;31(11):1578-82. DOI:10.1016/j.ajem.2013.08.002
64. Kaplan PW. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus in the emergency room. Epilepsia. 1996;37(7):643-50. DOI:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1996.tb00628.x
65. Rumbach L, Sablot D, Berger E, et al. Status epilepticus in stroke: report on a hospital-based stroke cohort. Neurology. 2000;54(2):350-4. DOI:10.1212/wnl.54.2.350
66. Litt B, Wityk RJ, Hertz SH, et al. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus in critically ill elderly. Epilepsia. 1998;39(11):1194-202. DOI:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1998.tb01311.x
67. Nei M, Lee JM, Shanker VL, Sperling MR. The EEG and prognosis in status epilepticus. Epilepsia. 1999;40(2):157-63. DOI:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1999.tb02069.x
68. Towne AR, Pellock JM, Ko D, DeLorenzo RJ. Determinants of mortality in status epilepticus. Epilepsia. 1994;35(1):27-34. DOI:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1994.tb02908.x
69. Bottaro FJ, Martinez OA, Pardal MM, et al. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus in the elderly: a case-control study. Epilepsia. 2007;48(5):966-72. DOI:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2007.01033.x
70. Tiamkao S, Pranboon S, Thepsuthammarat K, Sawanyawisuth K. Status epilepticus in the elderly patients: A national data study in Thailand. J Neurol Sci. 2017;372:501-5. DOI:10.1016/j.jns.2016.11.013
71. Atmaca MM, Bebek N, Baykan B, et al. Predictors of outcomes and refractoriness in status epilepticus: A prospective study. Epilepsy Behav. 2017;75:158-64. DOI:10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.07.046
72. Shah AM, Vashi A, Jagoda A. Review article: Convulsive and non-convulsive status epilepticus: an emergency medicine perspective. Emerg Med Australas. 2009;21(5):352-66. DOI:10.1111/j.1742-6723.2009.01212.x
73. Koubeissi M, Alshekhlee A. In-hospital mortality of generalized convulsive status epilepticus: a large US sample. Neurology. 2007;69(9):886-93. DOI:10.1212/01.wnl.0000269791.96189.70
74. Young GB, Jordan KG, Doig GS. An assessment of nonconvulsive seizures in the intensive care unit using continuous EEG monitoring: an investigation of variables associated with mortality. Neurology. 1996;47(1):83-9. DOI:10.1212/wnl.47.1.83
75. Shneker BF, Fountain NB. Assessment of acute morbidity and mortality in nonconvulsive status epilepticus. Neurology. 2003;61(8):1066-73. DOI:10.1212/01.wnl.0000082653.40257.0b
76. Wu YW, Shek DW, Garcia PA, et al. Incidence and mortality of generalized convulsive status epilepticus in California. Neurology. 2002;58(7):1070-6. DOI:10.1212/wnl.58.7.1070
77. Rossetti AO, Logroscino G, Milligan TA, et al. Status Epilepticus Severity Score (STESS): a tool to orient early treatment strategy. J Neurol. 2008;255(10):1561-6.
DOI:10.1007/s00415-008-0989-1
78. Leitinger M, Höller Y, Kalss G, et al. Epidemiology-based mortality score in status epilepticus (EMSE). Neurocrit Care. 2015;22(2):273-82. DOI:10.1007/s12028-014-0080-y
2. Leitinger M, Trinka E, Giovannini G, et al. Epidemiology of status epilepticus in adults: A population-based study on incidence, causes, and outcomes. Epilepsia. 2019;60(1):53-62. DOI:10.1111/epi.14607
3. Ruegg S. Non-convulsive status epilepticus in adults: an overview. Schweiz Arch Neurol Psychiatr. 2008;159:53-83. DOI:10.4414/sanp.2008.01928
4. Knake S, Rosenow F, Vescovi M, et al. Incidence of status epilepticus in adults in Germany: a prospective, population-based study. Epilepsia. 2001;42(6):714-8.
DOI:10.1046/j.1528-1157.2001.01101.x
5. Trinka E, Cock H, Hesdorffer D, et al. A definition and classification of status epilepticus – Report of the ILAE Task Force on Classification of Status Epilepticus. Epilepsia. 2015;56(10):1515-23. DOI:10.1111/epi.13121
6. Karlov VA. Epilepsiia u detei i vzroslykh, zhenshchin i muzhchin. Moscow: Meditsina, 2019 (in Russian).
7. Belcastro V, Vidale S, Gorgone G, et al. Non-convulsive status epilepticus after ischemic stroke: a hospital-based stroke cohort study. J Neurol. 2014;261(11):2136-42. DOI:10.1007/s00415-014-7471-z
8. Fernández-Torre JL, Agirre Z, Puchades R, et al. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus causing prolonged stupor after intraventricular hemorrhage: report of a case. Clin EEG Neurosci. 2007;38(1):57-60. DOI:10.1177/155005940703800112
9. Sinkin MV, Kaimovsky IL, Komoltsev IG, et al. Electroencephalography in acute stroke. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova. 2020;120(8-2):10-6 (in Russian). DOI:10.17116/jnevro202012008210
10. Alroughani R, Javidan M, Qasem A, Alotaibi N. Non-convulsive status epilepticus; the rate of occurrence in a general hospital. Seizure. 2009;18(1):38-42. DOI:10.1016/j.seizure.2008.06.013
11. Aleksandrov MV, Povalyukhina ES, Alexandrova TV, Ulitin AYu. Non-convulsive status epilepticus diagnostics in severe brain injury: dynamics of clinical-electroencephalographic criteria. Medical Alphabet. 2019;4(36):8-14 (in Russian). DOI:10.33667/2078-5631-2019-4-36(411)-8-14
12. Blitshteyn S, Jaeckle KA. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus in metastatic CNS disease. Neurology. 2006;66(8):1261-3. DOI:10.1212/01.wnl.0000208432.26473.1f
13. Cury RF, Wichert-Ana L, Sakamoto AC, Fernandes RM. Focal nonconvulsive status epilepticus associated to PLEDs and intense focal hyperemia in an AIDS patient. Seizure. 2004;13(5):358-61. DOI:10.1016/j.seizure.2003.07.001
14. Gunduz A, Beskardes AF, Kutlu A, et al. Herpes encephalitis as a cause of nonconvulsive status epilepticus. Epileptic Disord. 2006;8(1):57-60.
15. Cohen D, Kutluay E, Edwards J, et al. Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease presenting with nonconvulsive status epilepticus. Epilepsy Behav. 2004;5(5):792-6. DOI:10.1016/j.yebeh.2004.06.019
16. Octaviana F, Bestari AP, Loho AM, et al. Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus in Metabolic Encephalopathy in Indonesia Referral Hospital. Neurol India. 2021;69(2):354-9. DOI:10.4103/0028-3886.314533
17. Karlov VA. Epileptic encephalopathy. Zhurnal nevrologii i psihiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova. 2006;106(2):4-12 (in Russian).
18. Karlov VA. Absans. Zhurnal nevrologii i psihiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova. 2005;105(3):55-60 (in Russian).
19. Iftikhar S, Dahbour S, Nauman S. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus: high incidence in dialysis-dependent patients. Hemodial Int. 2007;11(4):392-7.
DOI:10.1111/j.1542-4758.2007.00206.x
20. Nobutoki T, Takahashi JY, Ihara T. A 5-year-old boy with nonconvulsive status epilepticus induced by theophylline treatment. No To Hattatsu. 2008;40(4):328-32 (in Japanese).
21. Olnes MJ, Golding A, Kaplan PW. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus resulting from benzodiazepine withdrawal. Ann Intern Med. 2003;139(11):956-8.
DOI:10.7326/0003-4819-139-11-200312020-00022
22. Lennox WG. The petit mal epilepsies; their treatment with tridione. J Am Med Assoc. 1945;129:1069-74. DOI:10.1001/jama.1945.02860500001001
23. Haffey S, McKernan A, Pang K. Non-convulsive status epilepticus: a profile of patients diagnosed within a tertiary referral centre. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2004;75(7):1043-4. DOI:10.1136/jnnp.2003.019612
24. Jordan KG. Nonconvulsive seizures (NCS) and nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) detected by continuous EEG monitoring in the neuro ICU. Neurology. 1992;42:180
25. Towne AR, Waterhouse EJ, Boggs JG, et al. Prevalence of nonconvulsive status epilepticus in comatose patients. Neurology. 2000;54(2):340-5. DOI:10.1212/wnl.54.2.340
26. Privitera M, Hoffman M, Moore JL, Jester D. EEG detection of nontonic-clonic status epilepticus in patients with altered consciousness. Epilepsy Res. 1994;18(2):155-66. DOI:10.1016/0920-1211(94)90008-6
27. Sumskii LI, Mikhailov AYu, Berezina IYu. Elektrograficheskiie proiavleniia bessudorozhnogo epilepticheskogo statusa u bol'nykh v komatoznom sostoianii. Vektor razvitiia vysokikh meditsinskikh tekhnologii na gospital'nom etape: materialy nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii. Riazan', 18–19 aprelia 2019 g. Nauchno-prakticheskoie obshchestvo vrachei neotlozhnoi meditsiny; NII skoroi pomoshchi im. NV Sklifosovskogo; NII skoroi pomoshchi im. II Dzhanelidze. Moscow: Nauchno-prakticheskoie obshchestvo vrachei neotlozhnoi meditsiny, 2019; p. 164-5 (in Russian).
28. DeLorenzo RJ, Waterhouse EJ, Towne AR, et al. Persistent nonconvulsive status epilepticus after the control of convulsive status epilepticus. Epilepsia. 1998;39(8):833-40. DOI:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1998.tb01177.x
29. Aleksandrov MV, Borovikova VN, Kuznecova LA, et al. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus in the acute period of severe craniocerebral trauma. Russian Journal of Neurosurgery. 2015;5(7):8 (in Russian).
30. Friedman D, Claassen J, Hirsch LJ. Continuous electroencephalogram monitoring in the intensive care unit. Anesth Analg. 2009;109(2):506-3. DOI:10.1213/ane.0b013e3181a9d8b5
31. Vespa PM, Nuwer MR, Nenov V, et al. Increased incidence and impact of nonconvulsive and convulsive seizures after traumatic brain injury as detected by continuous electroencephalographic monitoring. J Neurosurg. 1999;91(5):750-60. DOI:10.3171/jns.1999.91.5.0750
32. Amantini A, Fossi S, Grippo A, et al. Continuous EEG-SEP monitoring in severe brain injury. Neurophysiol Clin. 2009;39(2):85-93. DOI:10.1016/j.neucli.2009.01.006
33. Vespa PM, O'Phelan K, Shah M, et al. Acute seizures after intracerebral hemorrhage: a factor in progressive midline shift and outcome. Neurology. 2003;60(9):1441-6. DOI:10.1212/01.wnl.0000063316.47591.b4
34. Dennis LJ, Claassen J, Hirsch LJ, et al. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurgery. 2002;51(5):1136-43.
DOI:10.1097/00006123-200211000-00006
35. Little AS, Kerrigan JF, McDougall CG et al. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus in patients suffering spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg. 2007;106(5):805-11. DOI:10.3171/jns.2007.106.5.805
36. Al-Mefty O, Wrubel D, Haddad N. Postoperative nonconvulsive encephalopathic status: identification of a syndrome responsible for delayed progressive deterioration of neurological status after skull base surgery. Clinical article. J Neurosurg. 2009;111(5):1062-8. DOI:10.3171/2008.12.JNS08418
37. Rabinstein AA. Continuous electroencephalography in the medical ICU. Neurocrit Care. 2009;11(3):445-6. DOI:10.1007/s12028-009-9260-6
38. Tu TM, Loh NK, Tan NC. Clinical risk factors for non-convulsive status epilepticus during emergent electroencephalogram. Seizure. 2013;22(9):794-7. DOI:10.1016/j.seizure.2013.05.019
39. Claassen J, Mayer SA, Kowalski RG, et al. Detection of electrographic seizures with continuous EEG monitoring in critically ill patients. Neurology. 2004;62(10):1743-8. DOI:10.1212/01.wnl.0000125184.88797.62
40. Maganti R, Gerber P, Drees C, Chung S. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus. Epilepsy Behav. 2008;12(4):572-86. DOI:10.1016/j.yebeh.2007.12.002
41. Mesraoua B, Deleu D, Al Hail H, et al. Clinical presentation, epidemiology, neurophysiological findings, treatment and outcome of nonconvulsive status epilepticus: a 3-year prospective, hospital-based study. J Drug Assess. 2017;6(1):18-32. DOI:10.1080/21556660.2017.1396992
42. Holtkamp M, Meierkord H. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge in the intensive care setting. Ther Adv Neurol Disord. 2011;4(3):169-81. DOI:10.1177/1756285611403826
43. Leitinger M, Beniczky S, Rohracher A, et al. Salzburg Consensus Criteria for Non-Convulsive Status Epilepticus--approach to clinical application. Epilepsy Behav. 2015;49:158-63. DOI:10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.05.007
44. Babkina JuA. Electroencephalography method for diagnosing epilepsy. NejroNews: psihonevrologija i nejropsihiatrija. 2019;4(105):22-8 (in Russian).
45. Walker M, Cross H, Smith S, et al. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus: Epilepsy Research Foundation workshop reports. Epileptic Disord. 2005;7(3):253-96.
46. DeLorenzo RJ. Clinical and epidemiologic study of status epilepticus in the elderly (Chap 15). In: Rowan AJ, Ramsay RE, eds. Seizures and epilepsy in the elderly. Boston: Butterworth Heinemann, 1997; p. 191-205.
47. Vignatelli L, Tonon C, D'Alessandro R; Bologna Group for the Study of Status Epilepticus. Incidence and short-term prognosis of status epilepticus in adults in Bologna, Italy. Epilepsia. 2003;44(7):964-8. DOI:10.1046/j.1528-1157.2003.63702.x
48. Leppik IE. Status epilepticus in the elderly. Epilepsia. 2018;59(S2):140-3. DOI:10.1111/epi.14497
49. Tedrus GM, Nogueira E, Vidal MA. Elderly patients with nonconvulsive status epilepticus: Clinical-EEG data, hospital mortality, STESS and EMSE. Seizure. 2021;94:18-22. DOI:10.1016/j.seizure.2021.11.004
50. Canouï-Poitrine F, Bastuji-Garin S, Alonso E, et al. Risk and prognostic factors of status epilepticus in the elderly: a case-control study. Epilepsia. 2011;52(10):1849-56.DOI:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2011.03168.x
51. Vilella L, González Cuevas M, Quintana Luque M, et al. Prognosis of status epilepticus in elderly patients. Acta Neurol Scand. 2018;137(3):321-8. DOI:10.1111/ane.12867
52. Rohracher A, Reiter DP, Brigo F, et al. Status epilepticus in the elderly – A retrospective study on 120 patients. Epilepsy Res. 2016;127:317-23. DOI:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2016.08.016
53. Meierkord H, Boon P, Engelsen B, et al. EFNS guideline on the management of status epilepticus in adults. Eur J Neurol. 2010;17(3):348-55. DOI:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02917.x
54. Cheng S. Non-convulsive status epilepticus in the elderly. Epileptic Disord. 2014;16(4):385-94. DOI:10.1684/epd.2014.0709
55. Varelas PN, Mirski MA. Status epilepticus. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2009;9(6):469-76. DOI:10.1007/s11910-009-0069-7
56. Celesia GG. Modern concepts of status epilepticus. JAMA. 1976;235(15):1571-4.
57. DeLorenzo RJ, Towne AR, Pellock JM, Ko D. Status epilepticus in children, adults, and the elderly. Epilepsia. 1992;33 Suppl. 4:S15-25. DOI:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1992.tb06223.x
58. Shorvon S. The concept of status epilepticus and its history. Status epilepticus: its clinical features and treatment in children and adults. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994; p.1-20.
59. Beyenburg S, Elger CE, Reuber M. Acute confusion or altered mental state: consider nonconvulsive status epilepticus. Gerontology. 2007;53(6):388-96. DOI:10.1159/000106829
60. Canas N, Delgado H, Silva V, et al. The electroclinical spectrum, etiologies, treatment and outcome of nonconvulsive status epilepticus in the elderly. Epilepsy Behav. 2018;79:53-57. DOI:10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.10.034
61. Dupont S. Non convulsive status epilepticus in the elderly. Geriatr Psychol Neuropsychiatr Vieil. 2019;17(S1):25-30. DOI:10.1684/pnv.2019.0782
62. Mauricio EA, Freeman WD. Status epilepticus in the elderly: differential diagnosis and treatment. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2011;7:161-6. DOI:10.2147/NDT.S10537
63. Zehtabchi S, Abdel Baki SG, Omurtag A, et al. Prevalence of non-convulsive seizure and other electroencephalographic abnormalities in ED patients with altered mental status. Am J Emerg Med. 2013;31(11):1578-82. DOI:10.1016/j.ajem.2013.08.002
64. Kaplan PW. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus in the emergency room. Epilepsia. 1996;37(7):643-50. DOI:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1996.tb00628.x
65. Rumbach L, Sablot D, Berger E, et al. Status epilepticus in stroke: report on a hospital-based stroke cohort. Neurology. 2000;54(2):350-4. DOI:10.1212/wnl.54.2.350
66. Litt B, Wityk RJ, Hertz SH, et al. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus in critically ill elderly. Epilepsia. 1998;39(11):1194-202. DOI:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1998.tb01311.x
67. Nei M, Lee JM, Shanker VL, Sperling MR. The EEG and prognosis in status epilepticus. Epilepsia. 1999;40(2):157-63. DOI:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1999.tb02069.x
68. Towne AR, Pellock JM, Ko D, DeLorenzo RJ. Determinants of mortality in status epilepticus. Epilepsia. 1994;35(1):27-34. DOI:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1994.tb02908.x
69. Bottaro FJ, Martinez OA, Pardal MM, et al. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus in the elderly: a case-control study. Epilepsia. 2007;48(5):966-72. DOI:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2007.01033.x
70. Tiamkao S, Pranboon S, Thepsuthammarat K, Sawanyawisuth K. Status epilepticus in the elderly patients: A national data study in Thailand. J Neurol Sci. 2017;372:501-5. DOI:10.1016/j.jns.2016.11.013
71. Atmaca MM, Bebek N, Baykan B, et al. Predictors of outcomes and refractoriness in status epilepticus: A prospective study. Epilepsy Behav. 2017;75:158-64. DOI:10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.07.046
72. Shah AM, Vashi A, Jagoda A. Review article: Convulsive and non-convulsive status epilepticus: an emergency medicine perspective. Emerg Med Australas. 2009;21(5):352-66. DOI:10.1111/j.1742-6723.2009.01212.x
73. Koubeissi M, Alshekhlee A. In-hospital mortality of generalized convulsive status epilepticus: a large US sample. Neurology. 2007;69(9):886-93. DOI:10.1212/01.wnl.0000269791.96189.70
74. Young GB, Jordan KG, Doig GS. An assessment of nonconvulsive seizures in the intensive care unit using continuous EEG monitoring: an investigation of variables associated with mortality. Neurology. 1996;47(1):83-9. DOI:10.1212/wnl.47.1.83
75. Shneker BF, Fountain NB. Assessment of acute morbidity and mortality in nonconvulsive status epilepticus. Neurology. 2003;61(8):1066-73. DOI:10.1212/01.wnl.0000082653.40257.0b
76. Wu YW, Shek DW, Garcia PA, et al. Incidence and mortality of generalized convulsive status epilepticus in California. Neurology. 2002;58(7):1070-6. DOI:10.1212/wnl.58.7.1070
77. Rossetti AO, Logroscino G, Milligan TA, et al. Status Epilepticus Severity Score (STESS): a tool to orient early treatment strategy. J Neurol. 2008;255(10):1561-6.
DOI:10.1007/s00415-008-0989-1
78. Leitinger M, Höller Y, Kalss G, et al. Epidemiology-based mortality score in status epilepticus (EMSE). Neurocrit Care. 2015;22(2):273-82. DOI:10.1007/s12028-014-0080-y
2. Leitinger M, Trinka E, Giovannini G, et al. Epidemiology of status epilepticus in adults: A population-based study on incidence, causes, and outcomes. Epilepsia. 2019;60(1):53-62. DOI:10.1111/epi.14607
3. Ruegg S. Non-convulsive status epilepticus in adults: an overview. Schweiz Arch Neurol Psychiatr. 2008;159:53-83. DOI:10.4414/sanp.2008.01928
4. Knake S, Rosenow F, Vescovi M, et al. Incidence of status epilepticus in adults in Germany: a prospective, population-based study. Epilepsia. 2001;42(6):714-8.
DOI:10.1046/j.1528-1157.2001.01101.x
5. Trinka E, Cock H, Hesdorffer D, et al. A definition and classification of status epilepticus – Report of the ILAE Task Force on Classification of Status Epilepticus. Epilepsia. 2015;56(10):1515-23. DOI:10.1111/epi.13121
6. Карлов В.А. Эпилепсия у детей и взрослых, женщин и мужчин. М.: Медицина, 2019 [Karlov VA. Epilepsiia u detei i vzroslykh, zhenshchin i muzhchin. Moscow: Meditsina, 2019 (in Russian)].
7. Belcastro V, Vidale S, Gorgone G, et al. Non-convulsive status epilepticus after ischemic stroke: a hospital-based stroke cohort study. J Neurol. 2014;261(11):2136-42. DOI:10.1007/s00415-014-7471-z
8. Fernández-Torre JL, Agirre Z, Puchades R, et al. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus causing prolonged stupor after intraventricular hemorrhage: report of a case. Clin EEG Neurosci. 2007;38(1):57-60. DOI:10.1177/155005940703800112
9. Синкин М.В., Каймовский И.Л., Комольцев И.Г., и др. Электроэнцефалография в остром периоде инсульта. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2020;120(8-2):10-6 [Sinkin MV, Kaimovsky IL, Komoltsev IG, et al. Electroencephalography in acute stroke. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova. 2020;120(8-2):10-6 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.17116/jnevro202012008210
10. Alroughani R, Javidan M, Qasem A, Alotaibi N. Non-convulsive status epilepticus; the rate of occurrence in a general hospital. Seizure. 2009;18(1):38-42. DOI:10.1016/j.seizure.2008.06.013
11. Александров М.В., Повалюхина Е.С., Александрова Т.В., Улитин А.Ю. Диагностика бессудорожного эпилептического статуса при тяжелой черепно-мозговой травме: динамика клинико-электроэнцефалографических критериев. Медицинский алфавит. 2019;4(36):8-14 [Aleksandrov MV, Povalyukhina ES, Alexandrova TV, Ulitin AYu. Non-convulsive status epilepticus diagnostics in severe brain injury: dynamics of clinical-electroencephalographic criteria. Medical Alphabet. 2019;4(36):8-14 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.33667/2078-5631-2019-4-36(411)-8-14
12. Blitshteyn S, Jaeckle KA. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus in metastatic CNS disease. Neurology. 2006;66(8):1261-3. DOI:10.1212/01.wnl.0000208432.26473.1f
13. Cury RF, Wichert-Ana L, Sakamoto AC, Fernandes RM. Focal nonconvulsive status epilepticus associated to PLEDs and intense focal hyperemia in an AIDS patient. Seizure. 2004;13(5):358-61. DOI:10.1016/j.seizure.2003.07.001
14. Gunduz A, Beskardes AF, Kutlu A, et al. Herpes encephalitis as a cause of nonconvulsive status epilepticus. Epileptic Disord. 2006;8(1):57-60.
15. Cohen D, Kutluay E, Edwards J, et al. Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease presenting with nonconvulsive status epilepticus. Epilepsy Behav. 2004;5(5):792-6. DOI:10.1016/j.yebeh.2004.06.019
16. Octaviana F, Bestari AP, Loho AM, et al. Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus in Metabolic Encephalopathy in Indonesia Referral Hospital. Neurol India. 2021;69(2):354-9. DOI:10.4103/0028-3886.314533
17. Карлов В.А. Эпилептическая энцефалопатия. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. C.C. Корсакова. 2006;106(2):4-12 [Karlov VA. Epileptic encephalopathy. Zhurnal nevrologii i psihiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova. 2006;106(2):4-12 (in Russian)].
18. Карлов В.А. Абсанс. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. C.C. Корсакова. 2005;105(3):55-60 [Karlov VA. Absans. Zhurnal nevrologii i psihiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova. 2005;105(3):55-60 (in Russian)].
19. Iftikhar S, Dahbour S, Nauman S. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus: high incidence in dialysis-dependent patients. Hemodial Int. 2007;11(4):392-7.
DOI:10.1111/j.1542-4758.2007.00206.x
20. Nobutoki T, Takahashi JY, Ihara T. A 5-year-old boy with nonconvulsive status epilepticus induced by theophylline treatment. No To Hattatsu. 2008;40(4):328-32 (in Japanese).
21. Olnes MJ, Golding A, Kaplan PW. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus resulting from benzodiazepine withdrawal. Ann Intern Med. 2003;139(11):956-8.
DOI:10.7326/0003-4819-139-11-200312020-00022
22. Lennox WG. The petit mal epilepsies; their treatment with tridione. J Am Med Assoc. 1945;129:1069-74. DOI:10.1001/jama.1945.02860500001001
23. Haffey S, McKernan A, Pang K. Non-convulsive status epilepticus: a profile of patients diagnosed within a tertiary referral centre. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2004;75(7):1043-4. DOI:10.1136/jnnp.2003.019612
24. Jordan KG. Nonconvulsive seizures (NCS) and nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) detected by continuous EEG monitoring in the neuro ICU. Neurology. 1992;42:180
25. Towne AR, Waterhouse EJ, Boggs JG, et al. Prevalence of nonconvulsive status epilepticus in comatose patients. Neurology. 2000;54(2):340-5. DOI:10.1212/wnl.54.2.340
26. Privitera M, Hoffman M, Moore JL, Jester D. EEG detection of nontonic-clonic status epilepticus in patients with altered consciousness. Epilepsy Res. 1994;18(2):155-66. DOI:10.1016/0920-1211(94)90008-6
27. Сумский Л.И., Михайлов А.Ю., Березина И.Ю. Электрографические проявления бессудорожного эпилептического статуса у больных в коматозном состоянии. Вектор развития высоких медицинских технологий на госпитальном этапе: материалы научно-практической конференции. Рязань, 18–19 апреля 2019 г. Научно-практическое общество врачей неотложной медицины; НИИ скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского; НИИ скорой помощи им. И.И. Джанелидзе. М.: Научно-практическое общество врачей неотложной медицины, 2019; c. 164-5 [Sumskii LI, Mikhailov AYu, Berezina IYu. Elektrograficheskiie proiavleniia bessudorozhnogo epilepticheskogo statusa u bol'nykh v komatoznom sostoianii. Vektor razvitiia vysokikh meditsinskikh tekhnologii na gospital'nom etape: materialy nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii. Riazan', 18–19 aprelia 2019 g. Nauchno-prakticheskoie obshchestvo vrachei neotlozhnoi meditsiny; NII skoroi pomoshchi im. NV Sklifosovskogo; NII skoroi pomoshchi im. II Dzhanelidze. Moscow: Nauchno-prakticheskoie obshchestvo vrachei neotlozhnoi meditsiny, 2019; p. 164-5 (in Russian)].
28. DeLorenzo RJ, Waterhouse EJ, Towne AR, et al. Persistent nonconvulsive status epilepticus after the control of convulsive status epilepticus. Epilepsia. 1998;39(8):833-40. DOI:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1998.tb01177.x
29. Александров М.В., Боровикова В.Н., Кузнецова Л.А., и др. Бессудорожный эпилептический статус в остром периоде тяжелой черепно-мозговой травмы. Российский нейрохирургический журнал им. проф. А.Л. Поленова. 2015;5(7):8 [Aleksandrov MV, Borovikova VN, Kuznecova LA, et al. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus in the acute period of severe craniocerebral trauma. Russian Journal of Neurosurgery. 2015;5(7):8 (in Russian)].
30. Friedman D, Claassen J, Hirsch LJ. Continuous electroencephalogram monitoring in the intensive care unit. Anesth Analg. 2009;109(2):506-3. DOI:10.1213/ane.0b013e3181a9d8b5
31. Vespa PM, Nuwer MR, Nenov V, et al. Increased incidence and impact of nonconvulsive and convulsive seizures after traumatic brain injury as detected by continuous electroencephalographic monitoring. J Neurosurg. 1999;91(5):750-60. DOI:10.3171/jns.1999.91.5.0750
32. Amantini A, Fossi S, Grippo A, et al. Continuous EEG-SEP monitoring in severe brain injury. Neurophysiol Clin. 2009;39(2):85-93. DOI:10.1016/j.neucli.2009.01.006
33. Vespa PM, O'Phelan K, Shah M, et al. Acute seizures after intracerebral hemorrhage: a factor in progressive midline shift and outcome. Neurology. 2003;60(9):1441-6. DOI:10.1212/01.wnl.0000063316.47591.b4
34. Dennis LJ, Claassen J, Hirsch LJ, et al. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurgery. 2002;51(5):1136-43.
DOI:10.1097/00006123-200211000-00006
35. Little AS, Kerrigan JF, McDougall CG et al. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus in patients suffering spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg. 2007;106(5):805-11. DOI:10.3171/jns.2007.106.5.805
36. Al-Mefty O, Wrubel D, Haddad N. Postoperative nonconvulsive encephalopathic status: identification of a syndrome responsible for delayed progressive deterioration of neurological status after skull base surgery. Clinical article. J Neurosurg. 2009;111(5):1062-8. DOI:10.3171/2008.12.JNS08418
37. Rabinstein AA. Continuous electroencephalography in the medical ICU. Neurocrit Care. 2009;11(3):445-6. DOI:10.1007/s12028-009-9260-6
38. Tu TM, Loh NK, Tan NC. Clinical risk factors for non-convulsive status epilepticus during emergent electroencephalogram. Seizure. 2013;22(9):794-7. DOI:10.1016/j.seizure.2013.05.019
39. Claassen J, Mayer SA, Kowalski RG, et al. Detection of electrographic seizures with continuous EEG monitoring in critically ill patients. Neurology. 2004;62(10):1743-8. DOI:10.1212/01.wnl.0000125184.88797.62
40. Maganti R, Gerber P, Drees C, Chung S. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus. Epilepsy Behav. 2008;12(4):572-86. DOI:10.1016/j.yebeh.2007.12.002
41. Mesraoua B, Deleu D, Al Hail H, et al. Clinical presentation, epidemiology, neurophysiological findings, treatment and outcome of nonconvulsive status epilepticus: a 3-year prospective, hospital-based study. J Drug Assess. 2017;6(1):18-32. DOI:10.1080/21556660.2017.1396992
42. Holtkamp M, Meierkord H. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge in the intensive care setting. Ther Adv Neurol Disord. 2011;4(3):169-81. DOI:10.1177/1756285611403826
43. Leitinger M, Beniczky S, Rohracher A, et al. Salzburg Consensus Criteria for Non-Convulsive Status Epilepticus--approach to clinical application. Epilepsy Behav. 2015;49:158-63. DOI:10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.05.007
44. Бабкина Ю.А. Метод электроэнцефалографии для диагностики эпилепсии. НейроNews: психоневрология и нейропсихиатрия. 2019;4(105):22-8 [Babkina JuA. Electroencephalography method for diagnosing epilepsy. NejroNews: psihonevrologija i nejropsihiatrija. 2019;4(105):22-8 (in Russian)].
45. Walker M, Cross H, Smith S, et al. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus: Epilepsy Research Foundation workshop reports. Epileptic Disord. 2005;7(3):253-96.
46. DeLorenzo RJ. Clinical and epidemiologic study of status epilepticus in the elderly (Chap 15). In: Rowan AJ, Ramsay RE, eds. Seizures and epilepsy in the elderly. Boston: Butterworth Heinemann, 1997; p. 191-205.
47. Vignatelli L, Tonon C, D'Alessandro R; Bologna Group for the Study of Status Epilepticus. Incidence and short-term prognosis of status epilepticus in adults in Bologna, Italy. Epilepsia. 2003;44(7):964-8. DOI:10.1046/j.1528-1157.2003.63702.x
48. Leppik IE. Status epilepticus in the elderly. Epilepsia. 2018;59(S2):140-3. DOI:10.1111/epi.14497
49. Tedrus GM, Nogueira E, Vidal MA. Elderly patients with nonconvulsive status epilepticus: Clinical-EEG data, hospital mortality, STESS and EMSE. Seizure. 2021;94:18-22. DOI:10.1016/j.seizure.2021.11.004
50. Canouï-Poitrine F, Bastuji-Garin S, Alonso E, et al. Risk and prognostic factors of status epilepticus in the elderly: a case-control study. Epilepsia. 2011;52(10):1849-56.DOI:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2011.03168.x
51. Vilella L, González Cuevas M, Quintana Luque M, et al. Prognosis of status epilepticus in elderly patients. Acta Neurol Scand. 2018;137(3):321-8. DOI:10.1111/ane.12867
52. Rohracher A, Reiter DP, Brigo F, et al. Status epilepticus in the elderly – A retrospective study on 120 patients. Epilepsy Res. 2016;127:317-23. DOI:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2016.08.016
53. Meierkord H, Boon P, Engelsen B, et al. EFNS guideline on the management of status epilepticus in adults. Eur J Neurol. 2010;17(3):348-55. DOI:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02917.x
54. Cheng S. Non-convulsive status epilepticus in the elderly. Epileptic Disord. 2014;16(4):385-94. DOI:10.1684/epd.2014.0709
55. Varelas PN, Mirski MA. Status epilepticus. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2009;9(6):469-76. DOI:10.1007/s11910-009-0069-7
56. Celesia GG. Modern concepts of status epilepticus. JAMA. 1976;235(15):1571-4.
57. DeLorenzo RJ, Towne AR, Pellock JM, Ko D. Status epilepticus in children, adults, and the elderly. Epilepsia. 1992;33 Suppl. 4:S15-25. DOI:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1992.tb06223.x
58. Shorvon S. The concept of status epilepticus and its history. Status epilepticus: its clinical features and treatment in children and adults. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994; p.1-20.
59. Beyenburg S, Elger CE, Reuber M. Acute confusion or altered mental state: consider nonconvulsive status epilepticus. Gerontology. 2007;53(6):388-96. DOI:10.1159/000106829
60. Canas N, Delgado H, Silva V, et al. The electroclinical spectrum, etiologies, treatment and outcome of nonconvulsive status epilepticus in the elderly. Epilepsy Behav. 2018;79:53-57. DOI:10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.10.034
61. Dupont S. Non convulsive status epilepticus in the elderly. Geriatr Psychol Neuropsychiatr Vieil. 2019;17(S1):25-30. DOI:10.1684/pnv.2019.0782
62. Mauricio EA, Freeman WD. Status epilepticus in the elderly: differential diagnosis and treatment. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2011;7:161-6. DOI:10.2147/NDT.S10537
63. Zehtabchi S, Abdel Baki SG, Omurtag A, et al. Prevalence of non-convulsive seizure and other electroencephalographic abnormalities in ED patients with altered mental status. Am J Emerg Med. 2013;31(11):1578-82. DOI:10.1016/j.ajem.2013.08.002
64. Kaplan PW. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus in the emergency room. Epilepsia. 1996;37(7):643-50. DOI:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1996.tb00628.x
65. Rumbach L, Sablot D, Berger E, et al. Status epilepticus in stroke: report on a hospital-based stroke cohort. Neurology. 2000;54(2):350-4. DOI:10.1212/wnl.54.2.350
66. Litt B, Wityk RJ, Hertz SH, et al. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus in critically ill elderly. Epilepsia. 1998;39(11):1194-202. DOI:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1998.tb01311.x
67. Nei M, Lee JM, Shanker VL, Sperling MR. The EEG and prognosis in status epilepticus. Epilepsia. 1999;40(2):157-63. DOI:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1999.tb02069.x
68. Towne AR, Pellock JM, Ko D, DeLorenzo RJ. Determinants of mortality in status epilepticus. Epilepsia. 1994;35(1):27-34. DOI:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1994.tb02908.x
69. Bottaro FJ, Martinez OA, Pardal MM, et al. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus in the elderly: a case-control study. Epilepsia. 2007;48(5):966-72. DOI:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2007.01033.x
70. Tiamkao S, Pranboon S, Thepsuthammarat K, Sawanyawisuth K. Status epilepticus in the elderly patients: A national data study in Thailand. J Neurol Sci. 2017;372:501-5. DOI:10.1016/j.jns.2016.11.013
71. Atmaca MM, Bebek N, Baykan B, et al. Predictors of outcomes and refractoriness in status epilepticus: A prospective study. Epilepsy Behav. 2017;75:158-64. DOI:10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.07.046
72. Shah AM, Vashi A, Jagoda A. Review article: Convulsive and non-convulsive status epilepticus: an emergency medicine perspective. Emerg Med Australas. 2009;21(5):352-66. DOI:10.1111/j.1742-6723.2009.01212.x
73. Koubeissi M, Alshekhlee A. In-hospital mortality of generalized convulsive status epilepticus: a large US sample. Neurology. 2007;69(9):886-93. DOI:10.1212/01.wnl.0000269791.96189.70
74. Young GB, Jordan KG, Doig GS. An assessment of nonconvulsive seizures in the intensive care unit using continuous EEG monitoring: an investigation of variables associated with mortality. Neurology. 1996;47(1):83-9. DOI:10.1212/wnl.47.1.83
75. Shneker BF, Fountain NB. Assessment of acute morbidity and mortality in nonconvulsive status epilepticus. Neurology. 2003;61(8):1066-73. DOI:10.1212/01.wnl.0000082653.40257.0b
76. Wu YW, Shek DW, Garcia PA, et al. Incidence and mortality of generalized convulsive status epilepticus in California. Neurology. 2002;58(7):1070-6. DOI:10.1212/wnl.58.7.1070
77. Rossetti AO, Logroscino G, Milligan TA, et al. Status Epilepticus Severity Score (STESS): a tool to orient early treatment strategy. J Neurol. 2008;255(10):1561-6.
DOI:10.1007/s00415-008-0989-1
78. Leitinger M, Höller Y, Kalss G, et al. Epidemiology-based mortality score in status epilepticus (EMSE). Neurocrit Care. 2015;22(2):273-82. DOI:10.1007/s12028-014-0080-y
________________________________________________
2. Leitinger M, Trinka E, Giovannini G, et al. Epidemiology of status epilepticus in adults: A population-based study on incidence, causes, and outcomes. Epilepsia. 2019;60(1):53-62. DOI:10.1111/epi.14607
3. Ruegg S. Non-convulsive status epilepticus in adults: an overview. Schweiz Arch Neurol Psychiatr. 2008;159:53-83. DOI:10.4414/sanp.2008.01928
4. Knake S, Rosenow F, Vescovi M, et al. Incidence of status epilepticus in adults in Germany: a prospective, population-based study. Epilepsia. 2001;42(6):714-8.
DOI:10.1046/j.1528-1157.2001.01101.x
5. Trinka E, Cock H, Hesdorffer D, et al. A definition and classification of status epilepticus – Report of the ILAE Task Force on Classification of Status Epilepticus. Epilepsia. 2015;56(10):1515-23. DOI:10.1111/epi.13121
6. Karlov VA. Epilepsiia u detei i vzroslykh, zhenshchin i muzhchin. Moscow: Meditsina, 2019 (in Russian).
7. Belcastro V, Vidale S, Gorgone G, et al. Non-convulsive status epilepticus after ischemic stroke: a hospital-based stroke cohort study. J Neurol. 2014;261(11):2136-42. DOI:10.1007/s00415-014-7471-z
8. Fernández-Torre JL, Agirre Z, Puchades R, et al. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus causing prolonged stupor after intraventricular hemorrhage: report of a case. Clin EEG Neurosci. 2007;38(1):57-60. DOI:10.1177/155005940703800112
9. Sinkin MV, Kaimovsky IL, Komoltsev IG, et al. Electroencephalography in acute stroke. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova. 2020;120(8-2):10-6 (in Russian). DOI:10.17116/jnevro202012008210
10. Alroughani R, Javidan M, Qasem A, Alotaibi N. Non-convulsive status epilepticus; the rate of occurrence in a general hospital. Seizure. 2009;18(1):38-42. DOI:10.1016/j.seizure.2008.06.013
11. Aleksandrov MV, Povalyukhina ES, Alexandrova TV, Ulitin AYu. Non-convulsive status epilepticus diagnostics in severe brain injury: dynamics of clinical-electroencephalographic criteria. Medical Alphabet. 2019;4(36):8-14 (in Russian). DOI:10.33667/2078-5631-2019-4-36(411)-8-14
12. Blitshteyn S, Jaeckle KA. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus in metastatic CNS disease. Neurology. 2006;66(8):1261-3. DOI:10.1212/01.wnl.0000208432.26473.1f
13. Cury RF, Wichert-Ana L, Sakamoto AC, Fernandes RM. Focal nonconvulsive status epilepticus associated to PLEDs and intense focal hyperemia in an AIDS patient. Seizure. 2004;13(5):358-61. DOI:10.1016/j.seizure.2003.07.001
14. Gunduz A, Beskardes AF, Kutlu A, et al. Herpes encephalitis as a cause of nonconvulsive status epilepticus. Epileptic Disord. 2006;8(1):57-60.
15. Cohen D, Kutluay E, Edwards J, et al. Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease presenting with nonconvulsive status epilepticus. Epilepsy Behav. 2004;5(5):792-6. DOI:10.1016/j.yebeh.2004.06.019
16. Octaviana F, Bestari AP, Loho AM, et al. Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus in Metabolic Encephalopathy in Indonesia Referral Hospital. Neurol India. 2021;69(2):354-9. DOI:10.4103/0028-3886.314533
17. Karlov VA. Epileptic encephalopathy. Zhurnal nevrologii i psihiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova. 2006;106(2):4-12 (in Russian).
18. Karlov VA. Absans. Zhurnal nevrologii i psihiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova. 2005;105(3):55-60 (in Russian).
19. Iftikhar S, Dahbour S, Nauman S. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus: high incidence in dialysis-dependent patients. Hemodial Int. 2007;11(4):392-7.
DOI:10.1111/j.1542-4758.2007.00206.x
20. Nobutoki T, Takahashi JY, Ihara T. A 5-year-old boy with nonconvulsive status epilepticus induced by theophylline treatment. No To Hattatsu. 2008;40(4):328-32 (in Japanese).
21. Olnes MJ, Golding A, Kaplan PW. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus resulting from benzodiazepine withdrawal. Ann Intern Med. 2003;139(11):956-8.
DOI:10.7326/0003-4819-139-11-200312020-00022
22. Lennox WG. The petit mal epilepsies; their treatment with tridione. J Am Med Assoc. 1945;129:1069-74. DOI:10.1001/jama.1945.02860500001001
23. Haffey S, McKernan A, Pang K. Non-convulsive status epilepticus: a profile of patients diagnosed within a tertiary referral centre. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2004;75(7):1043-4. DOI:10.1136/jnnp.2003.019612
24. Jordan KG. Nonconvulsive seizures (NCS) and nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) detected by continuous EEG monitoring in the neuro ICU. Neurology. 1992;42:180
25. Towne AR, Waterhouse EJ, Boggs JG, et al. Prevalence of nonconvulsive status epilepticus in comatose patients. Neurology. 2000;54(2):340-5. DOI:10.1212/wnl.54.2.340
26. Privitera M, Hoffman M, Moore JL, Jester D. EEG detection of nontonic-clonic status epilepticus in patients with altered consciousness. Epilepsy Res. 1994;18(2):155-66. DOI:10.1016/0920-1211(94)90008-6
27. Sumskii LI, Mikhailov AYu, Berezina IYu. Elektrograficheskiie proiavleniia bessudorozhnogo epilepticheskogo statusa u bol'nykh v komatoznom sostoianii. Vektor razvitiia vysokikh meditsinskikh tekhnologii na gospital'nom etape: materialy nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii. Riazan', 18–19 aprelia 2019 g. Nauchno-prakticheskoie obshchestvo vrachei neotlozhnoi meditsiny; NII skoroi pomoshchi im. NV Sklifosovskogo; NII skoroi pomoshchi im. II Dzhanelidze. Moscow: Nauchno-prakticheskoie obshchestvo vrachei neotlozhnoi meditsiny, 2019; p. 164-5 (in Russian).
28. DeLorenzo RJ, Waterhouse EJ, Towne AR, et al. Persistent nonconvulsive status epilepticus after the control of convulsive status epilepticus. Epilepsia. 1998;39(8):833-40. DOI:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1998.tb01177.x
29. Aleksandrov MV, Borovikova VN, Kuznecova LA, et al. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus in the acute period of severe craniocerebral trauma. Russian Journal of Neurosurgery. 2015;5(7):8 (in Russian).
30. Friedman D, Claassen J, Hirsch LJ. Continuous electroencephalogram monitoring in the intensive care unit. Anesth Analg. 2009;109(2):506-3. DOI:10.1213/ane.0b013e3181a9d8b5
31. Vespa PM, Nuwer MR, Nenov V, et al. Increased incidence and impact of nonconvulsive and convulsive seizures after traumatic brain injury as detected by continuous electroencephalographic monitoring. J Neurosurg. 1999;91(5):750-60. DOI:10.3171/jns.1999.91.5.0750
32. Amantini A, Fossi S, Grippo A, et al. Continuous EEG-SEP monitoring in severe brain injury. Neurophysiol Clin. 2009;39(2):85-93. DOI:10.1016/j.neucli.2009.01.006
33. Vespa PM, O'Phelan K, Shah M, et al. Acute seizures after intracerebral hemorrhage: a factor in progressive midline shift and outcome. Neurology. 2003;60(9):1441-6. DOI:10.1212/01.wnl.0000063316.47591.b4
34. Dennis LJ, Claassen J, Hirsch LJ, et al. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurgery. 2002;51(5):1136-43.
DOI:10.1097/00006123-200211000-00006
35. Little AS, Kerrigan JF, McDougall CG et al. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus in patients suffering spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg. 2007;106(5):805-11. DOI:10.3171/jns.2007.106.5.805
36. Al-Mefty O, Wrubel D, Haddad N. Postoperative nonconvulsive encephalopathic status: identification of a syndrome responsible for delayed progressive deterioration of neurological status after skull base surgery. Clinical article. J Neurosurg. 2009;111(5):1062-8. DOI:10.3171/2008.12.JNS08418
37. Rabinstein AA. Continuous electroencephalography in the medical ICU. Neurocrit Care. 2009;11(3):445-6. DOI:10.1007/s12028-009-9260-6
38. Tu TM, Loh NK, Tan NC. Clinical risk factors for non-convulsive status epilepticus during emergent electroencephalogram. Seizure. 2013;22(9):794-7. DOI:10.1016/j.seizure.2013.05.019
39. Claassen J, Mayer SA, Kowalski RG, et al. Detection of electrographic seizures with continuous EEG monitoring in critically ill patients. Neurology. 2004;62(10):1743-8. DOI:10.1212/01.wnl.0000125184.88797.62
40. Maganti R, Gerber P, Drees C, Chung S. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus. Epilepsy Behav. 2008;12(4):572-86. DOI:10.1016/j.yebeh.2007.12.002
41. Mesraoua B, Deleu D, Al Hail H, et al. Clinical presentation, epidemiology, neurophysiological findings, treatment and outcome of nonconvulsive status epilepticus: a 3-year prospective, hospital-based study. J Drug Assess. 2017;6(1):18-32. DOI:10.1080/21556660.2017.1396992
42. Holtkamp M, Meierkord H. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge in the intensive care setting. Ther Adv Neurol Disord. 2011;4(3):169-81. DOI:10.1177/1756285611403826
43. Leitinger M, Beniczky S, Rohracher A, et al. Salzburg Consensus Criteria for Non-Convulsive Status Epilepticus--approach to clinical application. Epilepsy Behav. 2015;49:158-63. DOI:10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.05.007
44. Babkina JuA. Electroencephalography method for diagnosing epilepsy. NejroNews: psihonevrologija i nejropsihiatrija. 2019;4(105):22-8 (in Russian).
45. Walker M, Cross H, Smith S, et al. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus: Epilepsy Research Foundation workshop reports. Epileptic Disord. 2005;7(3):253-96.
46. DeLorenzo RJ. Clinical and epidemiologic study of status epilepticus in the elderly (Chap 15). In: Rowan AJ, Ramsay RE, eds. Seizures and epilepsy in the elderly. Boston: Butterworth Heinemann, 1997; p. 191-205.
47. Vignatelli L, Tonon C, D'Alessandro R; Bologna Group for the Study of Status Epilepticus. Incidence and short-term prognosis of status epilepticus in adults in Bologna, Italy. Epilepsia. 2003;44(7):964-8. DOI:10.1046/j.1528-1157.2003.63702.x
48. Leppik IE. Status epilepticus in the elderly. Epilepsia. 2018;59(S2):140-3. DOI:10.1111/epi.14497
49. Tedrus GM, Nogueira E, Vidal MA. Elderly patients with nonconvulsive status epilepticus: Clinical-EEG data, hospital mortality, STESS and EMSE. Seizure. 2021;94:18-22. DOI:10.1016/j.seizure.2021.11.004
50. Canouï-Poitrine F, Bastuji-Garin S, Alonso E, et al. Risk and prognostic factors of status epilepticus in the elderly: a case-control study. Epilepsia. 2011;52(10):1849-56.DOI:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2011.03168.x
51. Vilella L, González Cuevas M, Quintana Luque M, et al. Prognosis of status epilepticus in elderly patients. Acta Neurol Scand. 2018;137(3):321-8. DOI:10.1111/ane.12867
52. Rohracher A, Reiter DP, Brigo F, et al. Status epilepticus in the elderly – A retrospective study on 120 patients. Epilepsy Res. 2016;127:317-23. DOI:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2016.08.016
53. Meierkord H, Boon P, Engelsen B, et al. EFNS guideline on the management of status epilepticus in adults. Eur J Neurol. 2010;17(3):348-55. DOI:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02917.x
54. Cheng S. Non-convulsive status epilepticus in the elderly. Epileptic Disord. 2014;16(4):385-94. DOI:10.1684/epd.2014.0709
55. Varelas PN, Mirski MA. Status epilepticus. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2009;9(6):469-76. DOI:10.1007/s11910-009-0069-7
56. Celesia GG. Modern concepts of status epilepticus. JAMA. 1976;235(15):1571-4.
57. DeLorenzo RJ, Towne AR, Pellock JM, Ko D. Status epilepticus in children, adults, and the elderly. Epilepsia. 1992;33 Suppl. 4:S15-25. DOI:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1992.tb06223.x
58. Shorvon S. The concept of status epilepticus and its history. Status epilepticus: its clinical features and treatment in children and adults. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994; p.1-20.
59. Beyenburg S, Elger CE, Reuber M. Acute confusion or altered mental state: consider nonconvulsive status epilepticus. Gerontology. 2007;53(6):388-96. DOI:10.1159/000106829
60. Canas N, Delgado H, Silva V, et al. The electroclinical spectrum, etiologies, treatment and outcome of nonconvulsive status epilepticus in the elderly. Epilepsy Behav. 2018;79:53-57. DOI:10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.10.034
61. Dupont S. Non convulsive status epilepticus in the elderly. Geriatr Psychol Neuropsychiatr Vieil. 2019;17(S1):25-30. DOI:10.1684/pnv.2019.0782
62. Mauricio EA, Freeman WD. Status epilepticus in the elderly: differential diagnosis and treatment. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2011;7:161-6. DOI:10.2147/NDT.S10537
63. Zehtabchi S, Abdel Baki SG, Omurtag A, et al. Prevalence of non-convulsive seizure and other electroencephalographic abnormalities in ED patients with altered mental status. Am J Emerg Med. 2013;31(11):1578-82. DOI:10.1016/j.ajem.2013.08.002
64. Kaplan PW. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus in the emergency room. Epilepsia. 1996;37(7):643-50. DOI:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1996.tb00628.x
65. Rumbach L, Sablot D, Berger E, et al. Status epilepticus in stroke: report on a hospital-based stroke cohort. Neurology. 2000;54(2):350-4. DOI:10.1212/wnl.54.2.350
66. Litt B, Wityk RJ, Hertz SH, et al. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus in critically ill elderly. Epilepsia. 1998;39(11):1194-202. DOI:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1998.tb01311.x
67. Nei M, Lee JM, Shanker VL, Sperling MR. The EEG and prognosis in status epilepticus. Epilepsia. 1999;40(2):157-63. DOI:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1999.tb02069.x
68. Towne AR, Pellock JM, Ko D, DeLorenzo RJ. Determinants of mortality in status epilepticus. Epilepsia. 1994;35(1):27-34. DOI:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1994.tb02908.x
69. Bottaro FJ, Martinez OA, Pardal MM, et al. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus in the elderly: a case-control study. Epilepsia. 2007;48(5):966-72. DOI:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2007.01033.x
70. Tiamkao S, Pranboon S, Thepsuthammarat K, Sawanyawisuth K. Status epilepticus in the elderly patients: A national data study in Thailand. J Neurol Sci. 2017;372:501-5. DOI:10.1016/j.jns.2016.11.013
71. Atmaca MM, Bebek N, Baykan B, et al. Predictors of outcomes and refractoriness in status epilepticus: A prospective study. Epilepsy Behav. 2017;75:158-64. DOI:10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.07.046
72. Shah AM, Vashi A, Jagoda A. Review article: Convulsive and non-convulsive status epilepticus: an emergency medicine perspective. Emerg Med Australas. 2009;21(5):352-66. DOI:10.1111/j.1742-6723.2009.01212.x
73. Koubeissi M, Alshekhlee A. In-hospital mortality of generalized convulsive status epilepticus: a large US sample. Neurology. 2007;69(9):886-93. DOI:10.1212/01.wnl.0000269791.96189.70
74. Young GB, Jordan KG, Doig GS. An assessment of nonconvulsive seizures in the intensive care unit using continuous EEG monitoring: an investigation of variables associated with mortality. Neurology. 1996;47(1):83-9. DOI:10.1212/wnl.47.1.83
75. Shneker BF, Fountain NB. Assessment of acute morbidity and mortality in nonconvulsive status epilepticus. Neurology. 2003;61(8):1066-73. DOI:10.1212/01.wnl.0000082653.40257.0b
76. Wu YW, Shek DW, Garcia PA, et al. Incidence and mortality of generalized convulsive status epilepticus in California. Neurology. 2002;58(7):1070-6. DOI:10.1212/wnl.58.7.1070
77. Rossetti AO, Logroscino G, Milligan TA, et al. Status Epilepticus Severity Score (STESS): a tool to orient early treatment strategy. J Neurol. 2008;255(10):1561-6.
DOI:10.1007/s00415-008-0989-1
78. Leitinger M, Höller Y, Kalss G, et al. Epidemiology-based mortality score in status epilepticus (EMSE). Neurocrit Care. 2015;22(2):273-82. DOI:10.1007/s12028-014-0080-y
Авторы
Г.Р. Гайнетдинова1, Т.В. Данилова*1,2
1 ФГБОУ ВО «Казанский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России, Казань, Россия;
2 ГАУЗ «Межрегиональный клинико-диагностический центр», Казань, Россия
*tatvdan@yandex.ru
1 Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia;
2 Interregional Clinical and Diagnostical Center, Kazan, Russia
*tatvdan@yandex.ru
1 ФГБОУ ВО «Казанский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России, Казань, Россия;
2 ГАУЗ «Межрегиональный клинико-диагностический центр», Казань, Россия
*tatvdan@yandex.ru
________________________________________________
1 Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia;
2 Interregional Clinical and Diagnostical Center, Kazan, Russia
*tatvdan@yandex.ru
Цель портала OmniDoctor – предоставление профессиональной информации врачам, провизорам и фармацевтам.