Гериатрический синдром падений у коморбидных пациентов: «парадокс» нормотензии в пожилом возрасте
Гериатрический синдром падений у коморбидных пациентов: «парадокс» нормотензии в пожилом возрасте
Ткачева О.Н., Рунихина Н.К., Меркушева Л.И., Лузина А.В., Шарашкина Н.В., Остапенко В.С., Лысенков С.Н. Гериатрический синдром падений у коморбидных пациентов: «парадокс» нормотензии в пожилом возрасте. Consilium Medicum. 2022;24(1):49–52. DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2022.1.201381
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Tkacheva ON, Runikhina NK, Merkusheva LI, Luzina AV, Sharashkina NV, Ostapenko VS, Lysenkov SN. Geriatric syndrome of falls in comorbid patients: paradox of normotension in the elderly. Consilium Medicum. 2022;24(1):49–52. DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2022.1.201381
Гериатрический синдром падений у коморбидных пациентов: «парадокс» нормотензии в пожилом возрасте
Ткачева О.Н., Рунихина Н.К., Меркушева Л.И., Лузина А.В., Шарашкина Н.В., Остапенко В.С., Лысенков С.Н. Гериатрический синдром падений у коморбидных пациентов: «парадокс» нормотензии в пожилом возрасте. Consilium Medicum. 2022;24(1):49–52. DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2022.1.201381
________________________________________________
Tkacheva ON, Runikhina NK, Merkusheva LI, Luzina AV, Sharashkina NV, Ostapenko VS, Lysenkov SN. Geriatric syndrome of falls in comorbid patients: paradox of normotension in the elderly. Consilium Medicum. 2022;24(1):49–52. DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2022.1.201381
Обоснование. Падения как гериатрический синдром в пожилом и старческом возрасте сопряжены с высокими рисками для здоровья, включая серьезные травмы, длительное пребывание в стационаре, расходы на медицинскую помощь и последующий уход. Цель. Изучить распространенность падений у пожилых пациентов с коморбидной патологией в зависимости от наличия или отсутствия артериальной гипертензии (АГ). Материалы и методы. В исследование были включены 5240 пациентов с 3 и более хроническими заболеваниями в возрасте 60 лет и старше, наблюдавшихся в различных поликлиниках г. Москвы c верифицированными диагнозами по данным амбулаторных карт в период с 2015 по 2018 г. Критериями исключения были острое заболевание или обострение хронических болезней, декомпенсация заболеваний, тяжелые сенсорные дефициты и деменция. Сравнение количественных переменных между группами проводили с помощью t-критерия Стьюдента, бинарных – с помощью точного критерия Фишера. Результаты. Возраст пациентов составил 71,0 ± 0,1 года, 72,4% были женщинами. Подавляющее большинство пациентов (99,3%, n=5202) наблюдались с диагнозом АГ, или гипертоническая болезнь, у 0,7% (n=38) пациентов данный диагноз отсутствовал. В группе лиц с АГ падения были у 16,4% (n=857), тогда как среди тех, кто не имел указаний на АГ, о падениях сообщили 42,1% (n=16), р=0,00018; отношение шансов составило 3,69 (95% доверительный интервал 1,80–7,38). Заключение. «Парадокс», связанный с большей частотой падений в группе пожилых пациентов без эпизодов повышения артериального давления по сравнению с пациентами, имеющими АГ, на сегодняшний день до конца не изучен и может свидетельствовать о большем риске падений у пациентов этой категории. Данное наблюдение требует дальнейших исследований.
Background. Falls as geriatric syndrome in elderly age are associated with high health risks, including serious injury, prolonged hospital stays, and medical and follow-up costs. The prevalence of falls in comorbid elderly patients without hypertension remains uncertain. Aim. To study the incidence of falls in the comorbid elderly with or without hypertension. Materials and methods. The study included 5240 outpatients aged 60 and over with three or more chronic diseases treated at Moscow polyclinics with verified diagnoses according to medical records in 2015–2018. The exclusion criteria were acute illness, exacerbation of chronic diseases, disease decompensation, severe sensory impairment and dementia. Student's t-criterion was used to compare quantitative variables between groups and Fisher's exact test was used to compare binary variables. Results. The age of study participants was 71.0 ± 0.1 years, 72.4% – women. The vast majority of patients (99.3%, n=5202) has been diagnosed with arterial hypertension or essential hypertension, and 0.7% of patients (n=38) had no such diagnoses. The incidence of falls in hypertensive patients was 16.4% (n=857), while 42.1% (n=16) of patients without hypertension reported falls (p=0.00018; odds ratio 3.69; 95% confidence interval 1.80–7.38). Conclusion. The paradox of the greater frequency of falls in the group of elderly patients who experienced no blood pressure elevation episodes compared with hypertensive patients has not been fully understood yet and can indicate that the risk of falls in patients who experienced no blood pressure elevation is higher; however, further research is required.
Keywords: comorbidity, geriatrics, accidental falls, frailty, hypertension, aged
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1. Falls. World Health Organization. 2018. Available at: https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/falls. Accessed: 26 April 2021.
2. Safonova IuA, Zotkin EG. Sindrom padenii u lits pozhilogo vozrasta: uchebnoe posobie. Saint Petersburg: SZGMU im. II Mechnikova, 2014 (in Russian).
3. Tkacheva ON, Runikhina NK, Ostapenko VS, Sharashkina NV. Seven questions for elderly in the practice of primary care physicians. Advances in Gerontology. 2017;30(2):231-5 (in Russian).
4. Fried LP, Tangen CM, Walston J, et al. Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001;56(3):M146-56. DOI:10.1093/gerona/56.3.m146
5. Tkacheva ON, Kotovskaya YuV, Runikhina NK. Clinical guidelines frailty. Russian Journal of Geriatric Medicine. 2020;1:11-46 (in Russian). DOI:10.37586/2686-8636-1-2020-11-46
6. R Core Team. A language and environment for statistical computing. Foundation for Statistical Computing. 2019. Available at: https://www.R-project.org/ Accessed: 26.11.2021.
7. Marengoni A, Angleman S, Melis R, et al. Aging with multimorbidity: a systematic review of the literature. Ageing Res Rev. 2011;10(4):430-9. DOI:10.1016/j.arr.2011.03.003
8. Koroukian SM, Warner DF, Owusu C, Given CW. Multimorbidity redefined: prospective health outcomes and the cumulative effect of co-occurring conditions. Prev Chronic Dis. 2015;12:E55. DOI:10.5888/pcd12.140478
9. Inouye SK, Studenski S, Tinetti ME, Kuchel GA. Geriatric syndromes: clinical, research, and policy implications of a core geriatric concept. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2007;55(5):780-91.
DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01156.x
10. Bulut EA, Soysal P, Isik AT. Frequency and coincidence of geriatric syndromes according to age groups: single-center experience in Turkey between 2013 and 2017. Clin Interv Aging. 2018;13:1899-905. DOI:10.2147/CIA.S180281
11. Chen L-K, Hwang A-C, Liu L-K, et al. Frailty Is a Geriatric Syndrome Characterized by Multiple Impairments: A Comprehensive Approach Is Needed. J Frailty Aging. 2016;5(4):208-13. DOI:10.14283/jfa.2016.109
12. Tkacheva ON, Runikhina NK, Ostapenko VS, et al. Prevalence of geriatric syndromes among people aged 65 years and older at four community clinics in Moscow. Clin Interv Aging. 2018;13:251-9. DOI:10.2147/CIA.S153389
13. Buford TW. Hypertension and aging. Ageing Res Rev. 2016;26:96-111. DOI:10.1016/j.arr.2016.01.007
14. Balzi D, Lauretani F, Barchielli A, et al. Risk factors for disability in older persons over 3-year follow-up. Age Ageing. 2010;39(1):92-8. DOI:10.1093/ageing/afp209
15. Dumurgier J, Elbaz A, Dufouil C, et al. Hypertension and lower walking speed in the elderly: the Three-City study. J Hypertens. 2010;28(7):1506-14. DOI:10.1097/HJH.0b013e328338bbec
16. Rosano C, Marsland AL, Gianaros PJ. Maintaining brain health by monitoring inflammatory processes: a mechanism to promote successful aging. Aging Dis. 2012;3(1):16-33.
17. Abellan van Kan G, Rolland Y, Andrieu S, et al. Gait speed at usual pace as a predictor of adverse outcomes in community-dwelling older people an International Academy on Nutrition and Aging (IANA) Task Force. J Nutr Health Aging. 2009;13(10):881-9. DOI:10.1007/s12603-009-0246-z
18. Han K, Park Y-M, Kwon H-S, et al. Sarcopenia as a determinant of blood pressure in older Koreans: findings from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES) 2008–2010. PLoS One. 2014;9(1):e86902. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0086902
19. Kario K, Tobin JN, Wolfson LI, et al. Lower standing systolic blood pressure as a predictor of falls in the elderly: a community-based prospective study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;38(1):246-52. DOI:10.1016/s0735-1097(01)01327-4
20. Welmer A-K, Wang R, Rizzuto D, et al. Associations of blood pressure with risk of injurious falls in old age vary by functional status: A cohort study. Exp Gerontol. 2020;140:111038. DOI:10.1016/j.exger.2020.111038
21. Fedorowski A, Burri P, Melander O. Orthostatic hypotension in genetically related hypertensive and normotensive individuals. J Hypertens. 2009;27(5):976-82. DOI:10.1097/hjh.0b013e3283279860
22. Mol A, Bui Hoang PTS, Sharmin S, et al. Orthostatic Hypotension and Falls in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2019;20(5):589-97.e5. DOI:10.1016/j.jamda.2018.11.003
23. Sharashkina NV, Runikhina NK, Litvina YS, et al. Falls and geriatric syndromes in older adults with comorbidity. Clin Gerontol. 2020;26(1-2):9-14 (in Russian).
DOI:10.26347/1607-2499202001-02009-014
1 ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия;
2 ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова», Москва, Россия
*dr.merkusheva@gmail.com
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Olga N. Tkacheva1, Nadezda K. Runikhina1, Liudmila I. Merkusheva*1, Alexandra V. Luzina1, Natalia V. Sharashkina1, Valentina S. Ostapenko1, Sergei N. Lysenkov1,2
1 Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia;
2 Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
*dr.merkusheva@gmail.com