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Влияние дапаглифлозина на сердечно-сосудистые исходы при сахарном диабете 2-го типа в реальной клинической практике: метаанализ наблюдательных исследований
Влияние дапаглифлозина на сердечно-сосудистые исходы при сахарном диабете 2-го типа в реальной клинической практике: метаанализ наблюдательных исследований
Анциферов М.Б., Демидов Н.А. Влияние дапаглифлозина на сердечно-сосудистые исходы при сахарном диабете 2-го типа в реальной клинической практике: метаанализ наблюдательных исследований. Consilium Medicum. 2023;25(4):236–240. DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2023.4.202241
© ООО «КОНСИЛИУМ МЕДИКУМ», 2023 г.
DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2023.4.202241
© ООО «КОНСИЛИУМ МЕДИКУМ», 2023 г.
________________________________________________
DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2023.4.202241
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Аннотация
Цель – проведение метаанализа популяционных наблюдательных исследований эффективности дапаглифлозина по сравнению со схемами терапии без ингибиторов натрий-глюкозного котранспортера 2-го типа с целью получения обобщенной оценки его влияния на риск развития сердечно-сосудистых событий у пациентов с сахарным диабетом 2-го типа в реальной клинической практике.
Материалы и методы. Систематический поиск проведен в 3 библиографических базах данных – PubMed (Medline), Embase и eLibrary. По результатам поиска выявлена 1451 запись. Для включения в метаанализ отобраны 3 исследования: CVD-REAL Nordic, EASEL Population-Based Cohort Study и CARDIA-MOS. Критериями оценки эффективности являлись частота значительных нежелательных сердечно-сосудистых явлений (MACE) и смертность от сердечно-сосудистых причин (ССП). Метаанализ проведен в программе RevMan 5.4.1.
Результаты. По результатам метаанализа выявлено наличие статистически значимой ассоциации между применением дапаглифлозина и снижением риска МАСЕ: относительный риск 0,73, 95% доверительный интервал 0,65–0,82, а также снижением смертности от ССП: относительный риск 0,67, 95% доверительный интервал 0,48–0,92.
Заключение. Полученные результаты продемонстрировали, что применение дапаглифлозина ассоциируется со снижением риска развития МАСЕ и риска смерти от ССП у больных сахарным диабетом 2-го типа с сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями или с факторами риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний.
Ключевые слова: дапаглифлозин, метаанализ, реальная клиническая практика, сердечно-сосудистые события, сахарный диабет 2-го типа
Materials and methods. A systematic search was carried out in 3 bibliographic databases – PubMed (Medline), Embase and eLibrary. According to the search results, 1,451 records were identified. 3 studies were selected for inclusion in the meta-analysis: CVD-REAL Nordic, EASEL Population-Based Cohort Study and CARDIA-MOS. The criteria for evaluating the effectiveness were the frequency of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and cardiovascular mortality. The meta-analysis was carried out in the RevMan 5.4.1.
Results. According to the results of the meta-analysis, there was a statistically significant association between the use of dapagliflozin and a decrease in the risk of MACE: relative risk 0.73, 95% confidence interval 0.65–0.82, as well as a decrease in cardiovascular mortality: relative risk 0.67, 95% confidence interval 0.48–0.92.
Conclusion. Our results demonstrated that the use of dapagliflozin is associated with a reduction in the risk of developing MACE and cardiovascular mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with cardiovascular diseases or cardiovascular risk factors.
Keywords: dapagliflozin, meta-analysis, real-world practice, cardiovascular events, type 2 diabetes mellitus
Материалы и методы. Систематический поиск проведен в 3 библиографических базах данных – PubMed (Medline), Embase и eLibrary. По результатам поиска выявлена 1451 запись. Для включения в метаанализ отобраны 3 исследования: CVD-REAL Nordic, EASEL Population-Based Cohort Study и CARDIA-MOS. Критериями оценки эффективности являлись частота значительных нежелательных сердечно-сосудистых явлений (MACE) и смертность от сердечно-сосудистых причин (ССП). Метаанализ проведен в программе RevMan 5.4.1.
Результаты. По результатам метаанализа выявлено наличие статистически значимой ассоциации между применением дапаглифлозина и снижением риска МАСЕ: относительный риск 0,73, 95% доверительный интервал 0,65–0,82, а также снижением смертности от ССП: относительный риск 0,67, 95% доверительный интервал 0,48–0,92.
Заключение. Полученные результаты продемонстрировали, что применение дапаглифлозина ассоциируется со снижением риска развития МАСЕ и риска смерти от ССП у больных сахарным диабетом 2-го типа с сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями или с факторами риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний.
Ключевые слова: дапаглифлозин, метаанализ, реальная клиническая практика, сердечно-сосудистые события, сахарный диабет 2-го типа
________________________________________________
Materials and methods. A systematic search was carried out in 3 bibliographic databases – PubMed (Medline), Embase and eLibrary. According to the search results, 1,451 records were identified. 3 studies were selected for inclusion in the meta-analysis: CVD-REAL Nordic, EASEL Population-Based Cohort Study and CARDIA-MOS. The criteria for evaluating the effectiveness were the frequency of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and cardiovascular mortality. The meta-analysis was carried out in the RevMan 5.4.1.
Results. According to the results of the meta-analysis, there was a statistically significant association between the use of dapagliflozin and a decrease in the risk of MACE: relative risk 0.73, 95% confidence interval 0.65–0.82, as well as a decrease in cardiovascular mortality: relative risk 0.67, 95% confidence interval 0.48–0.92.
Conclusion. Our results demonstrated that the use of dapagliflozin is associated with a reduction in the risk of developing MACE and cardiovascular mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with cardiovascular diseases or cardiovascular risk factors.
Keywords: dapagliflozin, meta-analysis, real-world practice, cardiovascular events, type 2 diabetes mellitus
Полный текст
Список литературы
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3. Roger VL, Go AS, Lloyd-Jones DM, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics – 2011 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2011;123(4):e18-209. DOI:10.1161/CIR.0b013e3182009701
4. Donahoe SM, Stewart GC, McCabe CH, et al. Diabetes and mortality following acute coronary syndromes. Jama. 2007;298(7):765-75. DOI:10.1001/jama.298.7.765
5. Ritz E, Orth SR. Nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 1999;341(15):1127-33. DOI:10.1056/NEJM199910073411506
6. Zinman B, Wanner C, Lachin JM, et al. Empagliflozin, cardiovascular outcomes, and mortality in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(22):2117-28.
7. Neal B, Perkovic V, Mahaffey KW, et al. Canagliflozin and cardiovascular and renal events in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(7):644-57. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1611925
8. Wiviott SD, Raz I, Bonaca MP, et al. Dapagliflozin and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(4):347-57. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1812389
9. Norhammar A, Bodegård J, Nyström T, et al. Dapagliflozin and cardiovascular mortality and disease outcomes in a population with type 2 diabetes similar to that of the DECLARE–TIMI 58 trial: a nationwide observational study. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2019;21(5):1136-45. DOI:10.1111/dom.13627
10. Udell JA, Yuan Z, Rush T, et al. Cardiovascular outcomes and risks after initiation of a sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor: results from the EASEL population-based cohort study (evidence for cardiovascular outcomes with sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in the real world). Circulation. 2018;137(14):1450-9. DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.031227
11. Nyström T, Bodegard J, Nathanson D, et al. Novel oral glucose-lowering drugs are associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular events and severe hypoglycaemia compared with insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2017;19(6):831-41. DOI:10.1111/dom.12889
12. Persson F, Nyström T, Jørgensen ME, et al. Dapagliflozin is associated with lower risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in people with type 2 diabetes (CVD-REAL Nordic) when compared with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor therapy: a multinational observational study. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2018;20(2):344-51. DOI:10.1111/dom.13077
13. Seong J-M, Kim JJ, Kim HJ, Sohn HS. Comparison of heart failure risk and medical costs between patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with dapagliflozin and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2020;19(1):95. DOI:10.1186/s12933-020-01060-1
14. Filion KB, Lix LM, Oriana HY, et al. Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and risk of major adverse cardiovascular events: multi-database retrospective cohort study. BMJ. 2020;370:m3342. DOI:10.1136/bmj.m3342
15. Kosiborod M, Cavender MA, Fu AZ, et al. Lower risk of heart failure and death in patients initiated on sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors versus other glucose-lowering drugs: the CVD-REAL study (comparative effectiveness of cardiovascular outcomes in new users of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors). Circulation. 2017;136(3):249-59. DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.029190
16. Birkeland KI, Jørgensen ME, Carstensen B, et al. Cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in patients with type 2 diabetes following initiation of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors versus other glucose-lowering drugs (CVD-REAL Nordic): a multinational observational analysis. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2017;5(9):709-17.
DOI:10.1016/S2213-8587(17)30258-9
17. Real J, Vlacho B, Ortega E, et al. Cardiovascular and mortality benefits of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: CVD-Real Catalonia. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2021;20(1):139. DOI:10.1186/s12933-021-01323-5
18. Kosiborod M, Lam CS, Kohsaka S, et al. Cardiovascular events associated with SGLT-2 inhibitors versus other glucose-lowering drugs: the CVD-REAL 2 study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;71(23):2628-39. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.03.009
19. Sterne JA, Hernán MA, Reeves BC, et al. ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions. BMJ. 2016;355:i4919. DOI:10.1136/bmj.i4919
20. Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. Syst Rev. 2021;10(1):89.
DOI:10.1186/s13643-021-01626-4
21. Анциферов М.Б., Демидов Н.А., Балберова М.А., и др. Влияние ингибиторов натрий-глюкозного котранспортера 2 типа дапаглифлозина на показатели общей смертности больных сахарным диабетом 2 типа (исследование CARDIA-MOS, Москва). Сахарный диабет. 2022;25(5):439-48 [Antsiferov MB, Demidov NA, Balberova MA, et al. Influence of type 2 sodium-glucose co-transporter inhibitors (dapagliflozin) on the indicators of total mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes (CARDIA-MOS study, Moscow). Diabetes mellitus. 2022;25(5):439-48 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.14341/DM12929
2. Ahmad FS, Ning H, Rich JD, et al. Hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and heart failure – free survival: the cardiovascular disease lifetime risk pooling project. JACC Hear Fail. 2016;4(12):911-9 (in Russian). DOI:10.1016/j.jchf.2016.08.001
3. Roger VL, Go AS, Lloyd-Jones DM, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics – 2011 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2011;123(4):e18-209. DOI:10.1161/CIR.0b013e3182009701
4. Donahoe SM, Stewart GC, McCabe CH, et al. Diabetes and mortality following acute coronary syndromes. Jama. 2007;298(7):765-75. DOI:10.1001/jama.298.7.765
5. Ritz E, Orth SR. Nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 1999;341(15):1127-33. DOI:10.1056/NEJM199910073411506
6. Zinman B, Wanner C, Lachin JM, et al. Empagliflozin, cardiovascular outcomes, and mortality in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(22):2117-28.
7. Neal B, Perkovic V, Mahaffey KW, et al. Canagliflozin and cardiovascular and renal events in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(7):644-57. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1611925
8. Wiviott SD, Raz I, Bonaca MP, et al. Dapagliflozin and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(4):347-57. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1812389
9. Norhammar A, Bodegård J, Nyström T, et al. Dapagliflozin and cardiovascular mortality and disease outcomes in a population with type 2 diabetes similar to that of the DECLARE–TIMI 58 trial: a nationwide observational study. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2019;21(5):1136-45. DOI:10.1111/dom.13627
10. Udell JA, Yuan Z, Rush T, et al. Cardiovascular outcomes and risks after initiation of a sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor: results from the EASEL population-based cohort study (evidence for cardiovascular outcomes with sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in the real world). Circulation. 2018;137(14):1450-9. DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.031227
11. Nyström T, Bodegard J, Nathanson D, et al. Novel oral glucose-lowering drugs are associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular events and severe hypoglycaemia compared with insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2017;19(6):831-41. DOI:10.1111/dom.12889
12. Persson F, Nyström T, Jørgensen ME, et al. Dapagliflozin is associated with lower risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in people with type 2 diabetes (CVD-REAL Nordic) when compared with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor therapy: a multinational observational study. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2018;20(2):344-51. DOI:10.1111/dom.13077
13. Seong J-M, Kim JJ, Kim HJ, Sohn HS. Comparison of heart failure risk and medical costs between patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with dapagliflozin and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2020;19(1):95. DOI:10.1186/s12933-020-01060-1
14. Filion KB, Lix LM, Oriana HY, et al. Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and risk of major adverse cardiovascular events: multi-database retrospective cohort study. BMJ. 2020;370:m3342. DOI:10.1136/bmj.m3342
15. Kosiborod M, Cavender MA, Fu AZ, et al. Lower risk of heart failure and death in patients initiated on sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors versus other glucose-lowering drugs: the CVD-REAL study (comparative effectiveness of cardiovascular outcomes in new users of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors). Circulation. 2017;136(3):249-59. DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.029190
16. Birkeland KI, Jørgensen ME, Carstensen B, et al. Cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in patients with type 2 diabetes following initiation of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors versus other glucose-lowering drugs (CVD-REAL Nordic): a multinational observational analysis. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2017;5(9):709-17.
DOI:10.1016/S2213-8587(17)30258-9
17. Real J, Vlacho B, Ortega E, et al. Cardiovascular and mortality benefits of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: CVD-Real Catalonia. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2021;20(1):139. DOI:10.1186/s12933-021-01323-5
18. Kosiborod M, Lam CS, Kohsaka S, et al. Cardiovascular events associated with SGLT-2 inhibitors versus other glucose-lowering drugs: the CVD-REAL 2 study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;71(23):2628-39. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.03.009
19. Sterne JA, Hernán MA, Reeves BC, et al. ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions. BMJ. 2016;355:i4919. DOI:10.1136/bmj.i4919
20. Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. Syst Rev. 2021;10(1):89.
DOI:10.1186/s13643-021-01626-4
21. Antsiferov MB, Demidov NA, Balberova MA, et al. Influence of type 2 sodium-glucose co-transporter inhibitors (dapagliflozin) on the indicators of total mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes (CARDIA-MOS study, Moscow). Diabetes mellitus. 2022;25(5):439-48 (in Russian). DOI:10.14341/DM12929
2. Ahmad FS, Ning H, Rich JD, et al. Hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and heart failure – free survival: the cardiovascular disease lifetime risk pooling project. JACC Hear Fail. 2016;4(12):911-9 (in Russian). DOI:10.1016/j.jchf.2016.08.001
3. Roger VL, Go AS, Lloyd-Jones DM, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics – 2011 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2011;123(4):e18-209. DOI:10.1161/CIR.0b013e3182009701
4. Donahoe SM, Stewart GC, McCabe CH, et al. Diabetes and mortality following acute coronary syndromes. Jama. 2007;298(7):765-75. DOI:10.1001/jama.298.7.765
5. Ritz E, Orth SR. Nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 1999;341(15):1127-33. DOI:10.1056/NEJM199910073411506
6. Zinman B, Wanner C, Lachin JM, et al. Empagliflozin, cardiovascular outcomes, and mortality in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(22):2117-28.
7. Neal B, Perkovic V, Mahaffey KW, et al. Canagliflozin and cardiovascular and renal events in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(7):644-57. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1611925
8. Wiviott SD, Raz I, Bonaca MP, et al. Dapagliflozin and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(4):347-57. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1812389
9. Norhammar A, Bodegård J, Nyström T, et al. Dapagliflozin and cardiovascular mortality and disease outcomes in a population with type 2 diabetes similar to that of the DECLARE–TIMI 58 trial: a nationwide observational study. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2019;21(5):1136-45. DOI:10.1111/dom.13627
10. Udell JA, Yuan Z, Rush T, et al. Cardiovascular outcomes and risks after initiation of a sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor: results from the EASEL population-based cohort study (evidence for cardiovascular outcomes with sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in the real world). Circulation. 2018;137(14):1450-9. DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.031227
11. Nyström T, Bodegard J, Nathanson D, et al. Novel oral glucose-lowering drugs are associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular events and severe hypoglycaemia compared with insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2017;19(6):831-41. DOI:10.1111/dom.12889
12. Persson F, Nyström T, Jørgensen ME, et al. Dapagliflozin is associated with lower risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in people with type 2 diabetes (CVD-REAL Nordic) when compared with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor therapy: a multinational observational study. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2018;20(2):344-51. DOI:10.1111/dom.13077
13. Seong J-M, Kim JJ, Kim HJ, Sohn HS. Comparison of heart failure risk and medical costs between patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with dapagliflozin and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2020;19(1):95. DOI:10.1186/s12933-020-01060-1
14. Filion KB, Lix LM, Oriana HY, et al. Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and risk of major adverse cardiovascular events: multi-database retrospective cohort study. BMJ. 2020;370:m3342. DOI:10.1136/bmj.m3342
15. Kosiborod M, Cavender MA, Fu AZ, et al. Lower risk of heart failure and death in patients initiated on sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors versus other glucose-lowering drugs: the CVD-REAL study (comparative effectiveness of cardiovascular outcomes in new users of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors). Circulation. 2017;136(3):249-59. DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.029190
16. Birkeland KI, Jørgensen ME, Carstensen B, et al. Cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in patients with type 2 diabetes following initiation of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors versus other glucose-lowering drugs (CVD-REAL Nordic): a multinational observational analysis. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2017;5(9):709-17.
DOI:10.1016/S2213-8587(17)30258-9
17. Real J, Vlacho B, Ortega E, et al. Cardiovascular and mortality benefits of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: CVD-Real Catalonia. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2021;20(1):139. DOI:10.1186/s12933-021-01323-5
18. Kosiborod M, Lam CS, Kohsaka S, et al. Cardiovascular events associated with SGLT-2 inhibitors versus other glucose-lowering drugs: the CVD-REAL 2 study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;71(23):2628-39. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.03.009
19. Sterne JA, Hernán MA, Reeves BC, et al. ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions. BMJ. 2016;355:i4919. DOI:10.1136/bmj.i4919
20. Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. Syst Rev. 2021;10(1):89.
DOI:10.1186/s13643-021-01626-4
21. Анциферов М.Б., Демидов Н.А., Балберова М.А., и др. Влияние ингибиторов натрий-глюкозного котранспортера 2 типа дапаглифлозина на показатели общей смертности больных сахарным диабетом 2 типа (исследование CARDIA-MOS, Москва). Сахарный диабет. 2022;25(5):439-48 [Antsiferov MB, Demidov NA, Balberova MA, et al. Influence of type 2 sodium-glucose co-transporter inhibitors (dapagliflozin) on the indicators of total mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes (CARDIA-MOS study, Moscow). Diabetes mellitus. 2022;25(5):439-48 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.14341/DM12929
________________________________________________
2. Ahmad FS, Ning H, Rich JD, et al. Hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and heart failure – free survival: the cardiovascular disease lifetime risk pooling project. JACC Hear Fail. 2016;4(12):911-9 (in Russian). DOI:10.1016/j.jchf.2016.08.001
3. Roger VL, Go AS, Lloyd-Jones DM, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics – 2011 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2011;123(4):e18-209. DOI:10.1161/CIR.0b013e3182009701
4. Donahoe SM, Stewart GC, McCabe CH, et al. Diabetes and mortality following acute coronary syndromes. Jama. 2007;298(7):765-75. DOI:10.1001/jama.298.7.765
5. Ritz E, Orth SR. Nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 1999;341(15):1127-33. DOI:10.1056/NEJM199910073411506
6. Zinman B, Wanner C, Lachin JM, et al. Empagliflozin, cardiovascular outcomes, and mortality in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(22):2117-28.
7. Neal B, Perkovic V, Mahaffey KW, et al. Canagliflozin and cardiovascular and renal events in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(7):644-57. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1611925
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Авторы
М.Б. Анциферов*1,2, Н.А. Демидов3
1 ГБУЗ «Эндокринологический диспансер» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы, Москва, Россия;
2 ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия;
3 ГБУЗ «Щербинская городская больница» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы, Москва, Россия
*antsiferov@rambler.ru
1 Endocrinological Dispensary, Moscow, Russia;
2 Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia;
3 Shcherbinskaya City Hospital, Moscow, Russia
*antsiferov@rambler.ru
1 ГБУЗ «Эндокринологический диспансер» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы, Москва, Россия;
2 ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия;
3 ГБУЗ «Щербинская городская больница» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы, Москва, Россия
*antsiferov@rambler.ru
________________________________________________
1 Endocrinological Dispensary, Moscow, Russia;
2 Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia;
3 Shcherbinskaya City Hospital, Moscow, Russia
*antsiferov@rambler.ru
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