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Аденома паращитовидных желез: возможности мультимодальной диагностики
Аденома паращитовидных желез: возможности мультимодальной диагностики
Огнерубов Н.А., Антипова Т.С., Абакумова Г.Н. Аденома паращитовидных желез: возможности мультимодальной диагностики. Consilium Medicum. 2023;25(6):415–420.
DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2023.6.202335
© ООО «КОНСИЛИУМ МЕДИКУМ», 2023 г.
DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2023.6.202335
© ООО «КОНСИЛИУМ МЕДИКУМ», 2023 г.
________________________________________________
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Аннотация
Обоснование. Первичный гиперпаратиреоз (ПГПТ) является распространенным эндокринологическим заболеванием, причиной которого в подавляющем большинстве случаев является аденома околощитовидных желез. Основной метод лечения хирургический – паратиреоидэктомия. В связи с этим точное определение локализации аденомы является решающим.
Цель. Оценить современные возможности мультимодальной диагностики аденом околощитовидных желез.
Материалы и методы. Проведен ретроспективный анализ 49 пациентов с ПГПТ в возрасте от 24 до 82 лет, медиана – 57,9 года. Для топической диагностики и метаболической оценки аденом околощитовидных желез применяли современные радионуклидные и гибридные технологии: сцинтиграфию, однофотонную эмиссионную компьютерную томографию, однофотонную эмиссионную компьютерную томографию, совмещенную с компьютерной томографией, позитронно-эмиссионную томографию, совмещенную с компьютерной томографией с 18F-дезоксиглюкозой и 18F-холином. Диагноз ПГПТ подтверждался результатами биохимического исследования крови: уровнем паратгормона, ионизированного и общего кальция.
Результаты. Женщин оказалось большинство – 43 (87,8%), а мужчин – 6 (12,2%). Соотношение числа женщин к числу мужчин составило 7,2:1. В подавляющем большинстве случаев (78,1%) наблюдался гиперкальциемический вариант ПГПТ, нормокальциемический вариант – в 21,9% случаев. При этом средний уровень паратгормона составил 145,43 пг/мл, превышая референсные значения в 2,2 раза. Концентрация паратгормона у больных ПГПТ составила 156,38 пг/мл, ионизированного и общего кальция в крови – в среднем 1,43 и 3,04 ммоль/л соответственно. Бессимптомный вариант встретился в 76,7% случаев. Симптоматический вариант гиперпаратиреоза – 23,3%, включал нефролитиаз, панкреатит и поражение костей. Одиночные аденомы околощитовидных желез чаще располагались в левой доле – 42,9%. У 77,6% больных с ПГПТ обнаружены солитарные аденомы. В 16,3% случаев выявлены эктопии околощитовидных желез, среди них чаще встречалось интратиреоидное расположение в левой доле. К редким локализациям относятся переднее и заднее средостение и стенка пищевода.
Заключение. Использование современных диагностических мультимодальных опций, связанных с применением радионуклидных и гибридных технологий, играет решающую роль для персонализированного лечения ПГПТ.
Ключевые слова: околощитовидные железы, первичный гиперпаратиреоз, аденома, диагностика, сцинтиграфия, однофотонная эмиссионная компьютерная томография, однофотонная эмиссионная компьютерная томография, совмещенная с компьютерной томографией, позитронно-эмиссионная томография, совмещенная с компьютерной томографией
Aim. To evaluate the current possibilities of multimodal diagnosis of parathyroid adenomas.
Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of 49 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism aged 24 to 82 (median 57.9 years) was performed. Modern radionuclide and hybrid technologies were used for topical diagnosis and metabolic assessment of parathyroid adenomas: scanning, single-photon emission computed tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography combined with computed tomography, positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography with 18F-deoxyglucose and 18F-choline. The diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism was confirmed by a biochemical blood test: the level of parathyroid hormone and ionized and total calcium.
Results. The study included 43 (87.8%) females and 6 (12.2%) males. The female/male ratio was 7.2:1. Most cases (78.1%) were the hypercalcemic type of primary hyperparathyroidism, and the normocalcemic type was diagnosed in 21.9% of patients. The mean parathyroid hormone level was 145.43 pg/mL, exceeding the reference values by 2.2 times. Parathyroid hormone concentration in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism was 156.38 pg/mL, and mean ionized and total blood calcium levels were 1.43 and 3.04 mmol/L, respectively. The asymptomatic type occurred in 76.7% of patients. The symptomatic type of hyperparathyroidism had 23.3%, manifested with nephrolithiasis, pancreatitis, and bone lesions. Parathyroid adenomas were more often located in the left lobe (42.9%). In 77.6% of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, solitary adenomas were detected. Ectopia of the parathyroid glands was detected in 16.3% of patients, with intrathyroidal location in the left lobe being the most common. Rare locations include the anterior and posterior mediastinum and the esophageal wall.
Conclusion. Modern diagnostic multimodal options based on radionuclide and hybrid technologies are crucial in the personalized treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism.
Keywords: parathyroid glands, primary hyperparathyroidism, adenoma, diagnosis, scanning, single-photon emission computed tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography combined with computed tomography, positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography
Цель. Оценить современные возможности мультимодальной диагностики аденом околощитовидных желез.
Материалы и методы. Проведен ретроспективный анализ 49 пациентов с ПГПТ в возрасте от 24 до 82 лет, медиана – 57,9 года. Для топической диагностики и метаболической оценки аденом околощитовидных желез применяли современные радионуклидные и гибридные технологии: сцинтиграфию, однофотонную эмиссионную компьютерную томографию, однофотонную эмиссионную компьютерную томографию, совмещенную с компьютерной томографией, позитронно-эмиссионную томографию, совмещенную с компьютерной томографией с 18F-дезоксиглюкозой и 18F-холином. Диагноз ПГПТ подтверждался результатами биохимического исследования крови: уровнем паратгормона, ионизированного и общего кальция.
Результаты. Женщин оказалось большинство – 43 (87,8%), а мужчин – 6 (12,2%). Соотношение числа женщин к числу мужчин составило 7,2:1. В подавляющем большинстве случаев (78,1%) наблюдался гиперкальциемический вариант ПГПТ, нормокальциемический вариант – в 21,9% случаев. При этом средний уровень паратгормона составил 145,43 пг/мл, превышая референсные значения в 2,2 раза. Концентрация паратгормона у больных ПГПТ составила 156,38 пг/мл, ионизированного и общего кальция в крови – в среднем 1,43 и 3,04 ммоль/л соответственно. Бессимптомный вариант встретился в 76,7% случаев. Симптоматический вариант гиперпаратиреоза – 23,3%, включал нефролитиаз, панкреатит и поражение костей. Одиночные аденомы околощитовидных желез чаще располагались в левой доле – 42,9%. У 77,6% больных с ПГПТ обнаружены солитарные аденомы. В 16,3% случаев выявлены эктопии околощитовидных желез, среди них чаще встречалось интратиреоидное расположение в левой доле. К редким локализациям относятся переднее и заднее средостение и стенка пищевода.
Заключение. Использование современных диагностических мультимодальных опций, связанных с применением радионуклидных и гибридных технологий, играет решающую роль для персонализированного лечения ПГПТ.
Ключевые слова: околощитовидные железы, первичный гиперпаратиреоз, аденома, диагностика, сцинтиграфия, однофотонная эмиссионная компьютерная томография, однофотонная эмиссионная компьютерная томография, совмещенная с компьютерной томографией, позитронно-эмиссионная томография, совмещенная с компьютерной томографией
________________________________________________
Aim. To evaluate the current possibilities of multimodal diagnosis of parathyroid adenomas.
Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of 49 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism aged 24 to 82 (median 57.9 years) was performed. Modern radionuclide and hybrid technologies were used for topical diagnosis and metabolic assessment of parathyroid adenomas: scanning, single-photon emission computed tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography combined with computed tomography, positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography with 18F-deoxyglucose and 18F-choline. The diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism was confirmed by a biochemical blood test: the level of parathyroid hormone and ionized and total calcium.
Results. The study included 43 (87.8%) females and 6 (12.2%) males. The female/male ratio was 7.2:1. Most cases (78.1%) were the hypercalcemic type of primary hyperparathyroidism, and the normocalcemic type was diagnosed in 21.9% of patients. The mean parathyroid hormone level was 145.43 pg/mL, exceeding the reference values by 2.2 times. Parathyroid hormone concentration in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism was 156.38 pg/mL, and mean ionized and total blood calcium levels were 1.43 and 3.04 mmol/L, respectively. The asymptomatic type occurred in 76.7% of patients. The symptomatic type of hyperparathyroidism had 23.3%, manifested with nephrolithiasis, pancreatitis, and bone lesions. Parathyroid adenomas were more often located in the left lobe (42.9%). In 77.6% of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, solitary adenomas were detected. Ectopia of the parathyroid glands was detected in 16.3% of patients, with intrathyroidal location in the left lobe being the most common. Rare locations include the anterior and posterior mediastinum and the esophageal wall.
Conclusion. Modern diagnostic multimodal options based on radionuclide and hybrid technologies are crucial in the personalized treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism.
Keywords: parathyroid glands, primary hyperparathyroidism, adenoma, diagnosis, scanning, single-photon emission computed tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography combined with computed tomography, positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography
Полный текст
Список литературы
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5. Chen Y, Song A, Nie M, et al. Clinical and genetic analysis of atypical parathyroid adenoma compared with parathyroid carcinoma and benign lesions in a Chinese cohort. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023;14:1027598. DOI:10.3389/fendo.2023.1027598
6. Sahli ZT, Karipineni F, Zeiger MA. A garden of parathyroid adenomas. BMJ Case Rep. 2017;2017.
7. Singh P, Bhadada SK, Dahiya D, et al. Reduced calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) expression is epigenetically deregulated in parathyroid adenomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020;105(9):3015-24.
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14. Слащук К.Ю., Дегтярев М.В., Румянцев П.О., и др. Методы визуализации околощитовидных желез при первичном гиперпаратиреозе. Обзор литературы. Эндокринная хирургия. 2019;13(4):153-74 [Slashchuk KY, Degtyarev MV, Rumyantsev PO, et al. Imaging methods of the parathyroid glands in primary hyperparathyroidism. Literature review. Endocrine Surgery. 2019;13(4):153-74 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.14341/serg12241
15. Bilezikian JP, Khan AA, Silverberg SJ, et al. Evaluation and Management of Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Summary Statement and Guidelines from the Fifth International Workshop. J Bone Miner Res. 2022;37(11):2293-314. DOI:10.1002/jbmr.4677
16. Dekorsy FJ, Beyer L, Spitzweg C, et al. Preoperative Imaging with [18F]-Fluorocholine PET/CT in Primary Hyperparathyroidism. J Clin Med. 2022;11(10):2944. DOI:10.3390/jcm11102944
17. Adami S, Marcocci C, Gatti D. Epidemiology of primary hyperparathyroidism in Europe. J Bone Miner Res. 2002;17((Suppl. S2)):N18-23.
18. Wolfe SA, Fingeret A. Parathyroid Minimally Invasive Surgery. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507834/ Accessed: 15.04.2023
19. Ruda JM, Hollenbeak CS, Stack BC, Jr. A systematic review of the diagnosis and treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism from 1995 to 2003. Otolaryngol Neck Surg.
2005;132:359-72. DOI:10.1016/j.otohns.2004.10.005.
20. Peng ZX, Qin Y, Bai J, et al. Analysis of the successful clinical treatment of 140 patients with parathyroid adenoma: A retrospective study. World J Clin Cases.
2022 Oct 6;10(28):10031-10041. DOI:10.12998/wjcc.v10.i28.10031
21. Edafe O, Collins EE, Ubhi CS, Balasubramanian SP. Current predictive models do not accurately differentiate between single and multi gland disease in primary hyperparathyroidism: a retrospective cohort study of two endocrine surgery units. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2018;100(2):140-5.
22. Minisola S, Cipriani C, Diacinti D, et al. Imaging of the parathyroid glands in primary hyperparathyroidism. Eur J Endocrinol. 2016;174:D1-8. DOI:10.1530/EJE-15-0565
23. Mihai R, Simon D, Hellman P. Imaging for primary hyperparathyroidism–An evidence-based analysis. Langenbeck’s Arch. Surg. 2009;394:765-84. DOI:10.1007/s00423-009-0534-4
24. Raruenrom Y, Theerakulpisut D, Wongsurawat N, Somboonporn C. Diagnostic accuracy of planar, SPECT, and SPECT/CT parathyroid scintigraphy protocols in patients with hyperparathyroidism. Nucl Med Rev Cent East Eur. 2018;21(1):20-5. DOI:10.5603/NMR.a2018.0003
25. Prabhu M, Kumari G, Damle NA, et al. Assessment of the role of early dynamic PET/CT with 18F-fluorocholine in detection of parathyroid lesions in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Nucl Med Commun. 2018;39:1190-6. DOI:10.1097/MNM.0000000000000924
26. Sommerauer M, Graf C, Schäfer N, et al. Sensitivity and Specificity of Dual-Isotope 99mTc-Tetrofosmin and 123I Sodium Iodide Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) in Hyperparathyroidism. PLoS ONE. 2015;10:e0129194. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0129194
27. Mourad M, Buemi A, Darius T, Maiter D. Surgical options for primary hyperparathyroidism. Ann Endocrinol (Paris). 2015;76(5):638-42. DOI:10.1016/j.ando.2015.08.001
28. Каралкин А.В., Ипполитов Л.И., Паша С.П. ОФЭК/КТ в диагностике эктопированной аденомы паращитовидной железы (случай из практики). Медицинская визуализация. 2021;25(2):133-7 [Karalkin AV, Ippolitov LI, Pasha SP. SPECT/CT in the diagnosis of ectopic parathyroid adenoma (case report). Medical Visualization. 2021;25(2):133-7 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.24835/1607-0763-871
2. Yao XA, Wei BJ, Jiang T, Chang H. The characteristics of clinical changes in primary hyperparathyroidism in Chinese patients. J Bone Miner Metab. 2019;37(2):336-41.
3. Rao SD. Epidemiology of parathyroid disorders. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2018;32(6):773-80. DOI:10.1016/j.beem.2018.12.003
4. Mizamtsidi M, Nastos C, Mastorakos G, et al. Diagnosis, management, histology and genetics of sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism: old knowledge with new tricks. Endocr Connect. 2018;7(2):R56-68.
5. Chen Y, Song A, Nie M, et al. Clinical and genetic analysis of atypical parathyroid adenoma compared with parathyroid carcinoma and benign lesions in a Chinese cohort. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023;14:1027598. DOI:10.3389/fendo.2023.1027598
6. Sahli ZT, Karipineni F, Zeiger MA. A garden of parathyroid adenomas. BMJ Case Rep. 2017;2017.
7. Singh P, Bhadada SK, Dahiya D, et al. Reduced calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) expression is epigenetically deregulated in parathyroid adenomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020;105(9):3015-24.
8. Corbetta S, Mantovani G, Lania A, et al. Calcium-sensing receptor expression and signalling in human parathyroid adenomas and primary hyperplasia. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2000;52(3):339-48.
9. Silverberg SJ, Shane E, de la Cruz L, et al. Skeletal disease in primary hyperparathyroidism. J Bone Miner Res. 1989;4(3):283-91.
10. Albright F, Aub JC, Bauer W. Hyperparathyroidism: a common and polymorphic condition as illustrated by seventeen proved cases from one clinic. JAMA. 1934;102:1276-87.
11. Wolfe SA, Sharma S. Parathyroid Adenoma. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507870/. Accessed: 15.04.2023
12. Cetani F, Pardi E, Marcocci C. Parathyroid carcinoma. Front Horm Res. 2019;51:63-76.
13. Prabhu M, Damle NA. Fluorocholine PET Imaging of Parathyroid Disease. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2018;22(4):535-41. DOI:10.4103/ijem.IJEM_707_17
14. Slashchuk KY, Degtyarev MV, Rumyantsev PO, et al. Imaging methods of the parathyroid glands in primary hyperparathyroidism. Literature review. Endocrine Surgery. 2019;13(4):153-74 (in Russian). DOI:10.14341/serg12241
15. Bilezikian JP, Khan AA, Silverberg SJ, et al. Evaluation and Management of Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Summary Statement and Guidelines from the Fifth International Workshop. J Bone Miner Res. 2022;37(11):2293-314. DOI:10.1002/jbmr.4677
16. Dekorsy FJ, Beyer L, Spitzweg C, et al. Preoperative Imaging with [18F]-Fluorocholine PET/CT in Primary Hyperparathyroidism. J Clin Med. 2022;11(10):2944. DOI:10.3390/jcm11102944
17. Adami S, Marcocci C, Gatti D. Epidemiology of primary hyperparathyroidism in Europe. J Bone Miner Res. 2002;17((Suppl. S2)):N18-23.
18. Wolfe SA, Fingeret A. Parathyroid Minimally Invasive Surgery. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507834/ Accessed: 15.04.2023
19. Ruda JM, Hollenbeak CS, Stack BC, Jr. A systematic review of the diagnosis and treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism from 1995 to 2003. Otolaryngol Neck Surg.
2005;132:359-72. DOI:10.1016/j.otohns.2004.10.005.
20. Peng ZX, Qin Y, Bai J, et al. Analysis of the successful clinical treatment of 140 patients with parathyroid adenoma: A retrospective study. World J Clin Cases.
2022 Oct 6;10(28):10031-10041. DOI:10.12998/wjcc.v10.i28.10031
21. Edafe O, Collins EE, Ubhi CS, Balasubramanian SP. Current predictive models do not accurately differentiate between single and multi gland disease in primary hyperparathyroidism: a retrospective cohort study of two endocrine surgery units. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2018;100(2):140-5.
22. Minisola S, Cipriani C, Diacinti D, et al. Imaging of the parathyroid glands in primary hyperparathyroidism. Eur J Endocrinol. 2016;174:D1-8. DOI:10.1530/EJE-15-0565
23. Mihai R, Simon D, Hellman P. Imaging for primary hyperparathyroidism–An evidence-based analysis. Langenbeck’s Arch. Surg. 2009;394:765-84. DOI:10.1007/s00423-009-0534-4
24. Raruenrom Y, Theerakulpisut D, Wongsurawat N, Somboonporn C. Diagnostic accuracy of planar, SPECT, and SPECT/CT parathyroid scintigraphy protocols in patients with hyperparathyroidism. Nucl Med Rev Cent East Eur. 2018;21(1):20-5. DOI:10.5603/NMR.a2018.0003
25. Prabhu M, Kumari G, Damle NA, et al. Assessment of the role of early dynamic PET/CT with 18F-fluorocholine in detection of parathyroid lesions in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Nucl Med Commun. 2018;39:1190-6. DOI:10.1097/MNM.0000000000000924
26. Sommerauer M, Graf C, Schäfer N, et al. Sensitivity and Specificity of Dual-Isotope 99mTc-Tetrofosmin and 123I Sodium Iodide Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) in Hyperparathyroidism. PLoS ONE. 2015;10:e0129194. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0129194
27. Mourad M, Buemi A, Darius T, Maiter D. Surgical options for primary hyperparathyroidism. Ann Endocrinol (Paris). 2015;76(5):638-42. DOI:10.1016/j.ando.2015.08.001
28. Karalkin AV, Ippolitov LI, Pasha SP. SPECT/CT in the diagnosis of ectopic parathyroid adenoma (case report. Medical Visualization. 2021;25(2):133-7 (in Russian). DOI:10.24835/1607-0763-871
2. Yao XA, Wei BJ, Jiang T, Chang H. The characteristics of clinical changes in primary hyperparathyroidism in Chinese patients. J Bone Miner Metab. 2019;37(2):336-41.
3. Rao SD. Epidemiology of parathyroid disorders. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2018;32(6):773-80. DOI:10.1016/j.beem.2018.12.003
4. Mizamtsidi M, Nastos C, Mastorakos G, et al. Diagnosis, management, histology and genetics of sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism: old knowledge with new tricks. Endocr Connect. 2018;7(2):R56-68.
5. Chen Y, Song A, Nie M, et al. Clinical and genetic analysis of atypical parathyroid adenoma compared with parathyroid carcinoma and benign lesions in a Chinese cohort. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023;14:1027598. DOI:10.3389/fendo.2023.1027598
6. Sahli ZT, Karipineni F, Zeiger MA. A garden of parathyroid adenomas. BMJ Case Rep. 2017;2017.
7. Singh P, Bhadada SK, Dahiya D, et al. Reduced calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) expression is epigenetically deregulated in parathyroid adenomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020;105(9):3015-24.
8. Corbetta S, Mantovani G, Lania A, et al. Calcium-sensing receptor expression and signalling in human parathyroid adenomas and primary hyperplasia. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2000;52(3):339-48.
9. Silverberg SJ, Shane E, de la Cruz L, et al. Skeletal disease in primary hyperparathyroidism. J Bone Miner Res. 1989;4(3):283-91.
10. Albright F, Aub JC, Bauer W. Hyperparathyroidism: a common and polymorphic condition as illustrated by seventeen proved cases from one clinic. JAMA. 1934;102:1276-87.
11. Wolfe SA, Sharma S. Parathyroid Adenoma. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507870/. Accessed: 15.04.2023
12. Cetani F, Pardi E, Marcocci C. Parathyroid carcinoma. Front Horm Res. 2019;51:63-76.
13. Prabhu M, Damle NA. Fluorocholine PET Imaging of Parathyroid Disease. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2018;22(4):535-41. DOI:10.4103/ijem.IJEM_707_17
14. Слащук К.Ю., Дегтярев М.В., Румянцев П.О., и др. Методы визуализации околощитовидных желез при первичном гиперпаратиреозе. Обзор литературы. Эндокринная хирургия. 2019;13(4):153-74 [Slashchuk KY, Degtyarev MV, Rumyantsev PO, et al. Imaging methods of the parathyroid glands in primary hyperparathyroidism. Literature review. Endocrine Surgery. 2019;13(4):153-74 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.14341/serg12241
15. Bilezikian JP, Khan AA, Silverberg SJ, et al. Evaluation and Management of Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Summary Statement and Guidelines from the Fifth International Workshop. J Bone Miner Res. 2022;37(11):2293-314. DOI:10.1002/jbmr.4677
16. Dekorsy FJ, Beyer L, Spitzweg C, et al. Preoperative Imaging with [18F]-Fluorocholine PET/CT in Primary Hyperparathyroidism. J Clin Med. 2022;11(10):2944. DOI:10.3390/jcm11102944
17. Adami S, Marcocci C, Gatti D. Epidemiology of primary hyperparathyroidism in Europe. J Bone Miner Res. 2002;17((Suppl. S2)):N18-23.
18. Wolfe SA, Fingeret A. Parathyroid Minimally Invasive Surgery. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507834/ Accessed: 15.04.2023
19. Ruda JM, Hollenbeak CS, Stack BC, Jr. A systematic review of the diagnosis and treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism from 1995 to 2003. Otolaryngol Neck Surg.
2005;132:359-72. DOI:10.1016/j.otohns.2004.10.005.
20. Peng ZX, Qin Y, Bai J, et al. Analysis of the successful clinical treatment of 140 patients with parathyroid adenoma: A retrospective study. World J Clin Cases.
2022 Oct 6;10(28):10031-10041. DOI:10.12998/wjcc.v10.i28.10031
21. Edafe O, Collins EE, Ubhi CS, Balasubramanian SP. Current predictive models do not accurately differentiate between single and multi gland disease in primary hyperparathyroidism: a retrospective cohort study of two endocrine surgery units. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2018;100(2):140-5.
22. Minisola S, Cipriani C, Diacinti D, et al. Imaging of the parathyroid glands in primary hyperparathyroidism. Eur J Endocrinol. 2016;174:D1-8. DOI:10.1530/EJE-15-0565
23. Mihai R, Simon D, Hellman P. Imaging for primary hyperparathyroidism–An evidence-based analysis. Langenbeck’s Arch. Surg. 2009;394:765-84. DOI:10.1007/s00423-009-0534-4
24. Raruenrom Y, Theerakulpisut D, Wongsurawat N, Somboonporn C. Diagnostic accuracy of planar, SPECT, and SPECT/CT parathyroid scintigraphy protocols in patients with hyperparathyroidism. Nucl Med Rev Cent East Eur. 2018;21(1):20-5. DOI:10.5603/NMR.a2018.0003
25. Prabhu M, Kumari G, Damle NA, et al. Assessment of the role of early dynamic PET/CT with 18F-fluorocholine in detection of parathyroid lesions in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Nucl Med Commun. 2018;39:1190-6. DOI:10.1097/MNM.0000000000000924
26. Sommerauer M, Graf C, Schäfer N, et al. Sensitivity and Specificity of Dual-Isotope 99mTc-Tetrofosmin and 123I Sodium Iodide Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) in Hyperparathyroidism. PLoS ONE. 2015;10:e0129194. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0129194
27. Mourad M, Buemi A, Darius T, Maiter D. Surgical options for primary hyperparathyroidism. Ann Endocrinol (Paris). 2015;76(5):638-42. DOI:10.1016/j.ando.2015.08.001
28. Каралкин А.В., Ипполитов Л.И., Паша С.П. ОФЭК/КТ в диагностике эктопированной аденомы паращитовидной железы (случай из практики). Медицинская визуализация. 2021;25(2):133-7 [Karalkin AV, Ippolitov LI, Pasha SP. SPECT/CT in the diagnosis of ectopic parathyroid adenoma (case report). Medical Visualization. 2021;25(2):133-7 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.24835/1607-0763-871
________________________________________________
2. Yao XA, Wei BJ, Jiang T, Chang H. The characteristics of clinical changes in primary hyperparathyroidism in Chinese patients. J Bone Miner Metab. 2019;37(2):336-41.
3. Rao SD. Epidemiology of parathyroid disorders. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2018;32(6):773-80. DOI:10.1016/j.beem.2018.12.003
4. Mizamtsidi M, Nastos C, Mastorakos G, et al. Diagnosis, management, histology and genetics of sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism: old knowledge with new tricks. Endocr Connect. 2018;7(2):R56-68.
5. Chen Y, Song A, Nie M, et al. Clinical and genetic analysis of atypical parathyroid adenoma compared with parathyroid carcinoma and benign lesions in a Chinese cohort. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023;14:1027598. DOI:10.3389/fendo.2023.1027598
6. Sahli ZT, Karipineni F, Zeiger MA. A garden of parathyroid adenomas. BMJ Case Rep. 2017;2017.
7. Singh P, Bhadada SK, Dahiya D, et al. Reduced calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) expression is epigenetically deregulated in parathyroid adenomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020;105(9):3015-24.
8. Corbetta S, Mantovani G, Lania A, et al. Calcium-sensing receptor expression and signalling in human parathyroid adenomas and primary hyperplasia. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2000;52(3):339-48.
9. Silverberg SJ, Shane E, de la Cruz L, et al. Skeletal disease in primary hyperparathyroidism. J Bone Miner Res. 1989;4(3):283-91.
10. Albright F, Aub JC, Bauer W. Hyperparathyroidism: a common and polymorphic condition as illustrated by seventeen proved cases from one clinic. JAMA. 1934;102:1276-87.
11. Wolfe SA, Sharma S. Parathyroid Adenoma. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507870/. Accessed: 15.04.2023
12. Cetani F, Pardi E, Marcocci C. Parathyroid carcinoma. Front Horm Res. 2019;51:63-76.
13. Prabhu M, Damle NA. Fluorocholine PET Imaging of Parathyroid Disease. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2018;22(4):535-41. DOI:10.4103/ijem.IJEM_707_17
14. Slashchuk KY, Degtyarev MV, Rumyantsev PO, et al. Imaging methods of the parathyroid glands in primary hyperparathyroidism. Literature review. Endocrine Surgery. 2019;13(4):153-74 (in Russian). DOI:10.14341/serg12241
15. Bilezikian JP, Khan AA, Silverberg SJ, et al. Evaluation and Management of Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Summary Statement and Guidelines from the Fifth International Workshop. J Bone Miner Res. 2022;37(11):2293-314. DOI:10.1002/jbmr.4677
16. Dekorsy FJ, Beyer L, Spitzweg C, et al. Preoperative Imaging with [18F]-Fluorocholine PET/CT in Primary Hyperparathyroidism. J Clin Med. 2022;11(10):2944. DOI:10.3390/jcm11102944
17. Adami S, Marcocci C, Gatti D. Epidemiology of primary hyperparathyroidism in Europe. J Bone Miner Res. 2002;17((Suppl. S2)):N18-23.
18. Wolfe SA, Fingeret A. Parathyroid Minimally Invasive Surgery. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507834/ Accessed: 15.04.2023
19. Ruda JM, Hollenbeak CS, Stack BC, Jr. A systematic review of the diagnosis and treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism from 1995 to 2003. Otolaryngol Neck Surg.
2005;132:359-72. DOI:10.1016/j.otohns.2004.10.005.
20. Peng ZX, Qin Y, Bai J, et al. Analysis of the successful clinical treatment of 140 patients with parathyroid adenoma: A retrospective study. World J Clin Cases.
2022 Oct 6;10(28):10031-10041. DOI:10.12998/wjcc.v10.i28.10031
21. Edafe O, Collins EE, Ubhi CS, Balasubramanian SP. Current predictive models do not accurately differentiate between single and multi gland disease in primary hyperparathyroidism: a retrospective cohort study of two endocrine surgery units. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2018;100(2):140-5.
22. Minisola S, Cipriani C, Diacinti D, et al. Imaging of the parathyroid glands in primary hyperparathyroidism. Eur J Endocrinol. 2016;174:D1-8. DOI:10.1530/EJE-15-0565
23. Mihai R, Simon D, Hellman P. Imaging for primary hyperparathyroidism–An evidence-based analysis. Langenbeck’s Arch. Surg. 2009;394:765-84. DOI:10.1007/s00423-009-0534-4
24. Raruenrom Y, Theerakulpisut D, Wongsurawat N, Somboonporn C. Diagnostic accuracy of planar, SPECT, and SPECT/CT parathyroid scintigraphy protocols in patients with hyperparathyroidism. Nucl Med Rev Cent East Eur. 2018;21(1):20-5. DOI:10.5603/NMR.a2018.0003
25. Prabhu M, Kumari G, Damle NA, et al. Assessment of the role of early dynamic PET/CT with 18F-fluorocholine in detection of parathyroid lesions in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Nucl Med Commun. 2018;39:1190-6. DOI:10.1097/MNM.0000000000000924
26. Sommerauer M, Graf C, Schäfer N, et al. Sensitivity and Specificity of Dual-Isotope 99mTc-Tetrofosmin and 123I Sodium Iodide Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) in Hyperparathyroidism. PLoS ONE. 2015;10:e0129194. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0129194
27. Mourad M, Buemi A, Darius T, Maiter D. Surgical options for primary hyperparathyroidism. Ann Endocrinol (Paris). 2015;76(5):638-42. DOI:10.1016/j.ando.2015.08.001
28. Karalkin AV, Ippolitov LI, Pasha SP. SPECT/CT in the diagnosis of ectopic parathyroid adenoma (case report. Medical Visualization. 2021;25(2):133-7 (in Russian). DOI:10.24835/1607-0763-871
Авторы
Н.А. Огнерубов*1, Т.С. Антипова2, Г.Н. Абакумова3
1ФГБОУ ВО «Тамбовский государственный университет им. Г.Р. Державина», Тамбов, Россия;
2ООО «ПЭТ-Технолоджи», Центр ядерной медицины, Тамбов, Россия;
3ГБУЗ «Тамбовский областной онкологический клинический диспансер», Тамбов, Россия
*ognerubov_n.a@mail.ru
1Derzhavin Tambov State University, Tambov, Russia;
2PET-Technology, Tambov, Russia;
3Tambov Regional Oncological Clinical Dispensary, Tambov, Russia
*ognerubov_n.a@mail.ru
1ФГБОУ ВО «Тамбовский государственный университет им. Г.Р. Державина», Тамбов, Россия;
2ООО «ПЭТ-Технолоджи», Центр ядерной медицины, Тамбов, Россия;
3ГБУЗ «Тамбовский областной онкологический клинический диспансер», Тамбов, Россия
*ognerubov_n.a@mail.ru
________________________________________________
1Derzhavin Tambov State University, Tambov, Russia;
2PET-Technology, Tambov, Russia;
3Tambov Regional Oncological Clinical Dispensary, Tambov, Russia
*ognerubov_n.a@mail.ru
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