Kovalenko PS, Dydykina IS, Postnikova PO, Glukhova SI, Smirnov AV. Fractures of vertebrae and peripheral bones in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (based on long-term observation). Consilium Medicum. 2024;26(11):788–793. DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2024.11.203043
Переломы позвонков и периферических костей у больных ревматоидным артритом (по материалам длительного наблюдения)
Коваленко П.С., Дыдыкина И.С., Постникова П.О., Глухова С.И., Смирнов А.В. Переломы позвонков и периферических костей у больных ревматоидным артритом (по материалам длительного наблюдения). Consilium Medicum. 2024;26(11):788–793. DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2024.11.203043
Kovalenko PS, Dydykina IS, Postnikova PO, Glukhova SI, Smirnov AV. Fractures of vertebrae and peripheral bones in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (based on long-term observation). Consilium Medicum. 2024;26(11):788–793. DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2024.11.203043
Введение. При ревматоидном артрите (РА) переломы происходят в среднем в 2–3 раза чаще, чем в популяции. Сведения о частоте переломов позвонков при РА противоречивы и зависят от метода, с помощью которого они выявлялись. Цель. Определить частоту переломов позвонков и периферических костей у больных РА при длительном проспективном наблюдении. Материалы и методы. В проспективное многолетнее когортное неинтервенционное исследование включены 120 женщин с РА (средний возраст при включении – 54,3±8,9 года), длительность наблюдения составила 9,5±1,9 года. Исходно и в динамике проведено клиническое, лабораторное и рентгенологическое обследование: рентгеноморфометрия позвоночника по методу Genant, рентгеновская денситометрия поясничного отдела позвоночника (LI–LIV) и шейки бедра. Результаты. За период наблюдения произошло 104 низкоэнергетических перелома у 64 (53%) пациентов: 69 (66%) переломов позвонков и 35 (34%) периферических переломов. Два и более перелома произошли у 25 (39%) пациентов. У 30 (25%) больных 52 перелома произошли повторно. Среди периферических переломов наиболее частой локализацией стали переломы дистального отдела предплечья и костей голени. Пациенты, перенесшие переломы за период наблюдения, чаще имели переломы и до включения в исследование, имели исходно большую длительность РА, среднесуточную, кумулятивную дозу и продолжительность приема глюкокортикоидов, меньшую минеральную плотность костной ткани в основных отделах скелета, определенную при денситометрии. Не отмечено влияния активности РА по DAS-28, позитивности по ревматоидному фактору или антителам к циклическому цитруллированному пептиду на переломы. Заключение. Более чем у 1/2 больных за период наблюдения произошли низкоэнергетические переломы, среди которых преобладали переломы позвонков, дистального отдела предплечья, костей голени; отмечена высокая частота повторных переломов. Анализ факторов риска показал, что большая длительность РА, среднесуточная, кумулятивная доза и длительный прием глюкокортикоидов, низкоэнергетические переломы в анамнезе, низкая минеральная плотность кости ассоциируются с возникновением переломов у больных РА.
Introduction. In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), fractures occur on average 2–3 times more often than in the general population. Data on the incidence of vertebral fractures in RA is controversial and depends on the detection method. Aim. To determine the incidence of vertebral and peripheral bone fractures in patients with RA during long-term prospective follow-up. Materials and methods. A prospective multi-year cohort non-interventional study included 120 women with RA (mean age at enrollment 54.3±8.9 years), with a follow-up of 9.5±1.9 years. Initially and then repeatedly, a clinical, laboratory and radiological examination was performed: X-ray morphometry of the spine according to the Genant method, X-ray densitometry of the lumbar spine (LI-LIV) and femoral neck. Results. During the follow-up period, there were 104 low-energy fractures in 64 (53%) patients: 69 (66%) vertebral fractures and 35 (34%) peripheral fractures. Two or more fractures occurred in 25 (39%) subjects. In 30 (25%) patients, 52 fractures occurred repeatedly. Among peripheral fractures, the most frequent localization was fractures of the distal forearm and lower leg bones. Patients with fractures during the follow-up period were also more likely to have fractures before enrollment in the study, had an initially longer duration of RA, a mean daily dose, cumulative dose, and duration of glucocorticoid administration, and a lower bone mineral density in the main parts of the skeleton, determined by densitometry. There was no effect of RA activity on DAS-28, rheumatoid factor positivity, or antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptide on fractures. Conclusion. More than half of the patients had low-energy fractures during the observation period, the most common being fractures of the vertebrae, distal forearm, and lower leg bones; a high frequency of repeated fractures was reported. The analysis of risk factors showed that a long duration of RA, a mean daily dose, cumulative dose, and prolonged use of glucocorticoids, a history of low-energy fractures, and low bone mineral density were associated with the occurrence of fractures in patients with RA.
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2. Amin S, Gabriel SE, Achenbach SJ, et al. Are young women and men with rheumatoid arthritis at risk for fragility fractures? A population-based study. J Rheumatol.
2013;40(10):1669-76. DOI:10.3899/jrheum.121493
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4. Van Staa TP, Geusens P, Bijlsma JW, et al. Clinical assessment of the long-term risk of fracture in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2006;54(10):3104-12. DOI:10.1002/art.22117
5. Xue AL, Wu SY, Jiang L, et al. Bone fracture risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017;96(36):e6983. DOI:10.1097/MD.0000000000006983
6. Tong JJ, Xu SQ, Zong HX, et al. Prevalence and risk factors associated with vertebral osteoporotic fractures in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol.
2020;39(2):357-64. DOI:10.1007/s10067-019-04787-9
7. Buehring B, Thomas J, Wittkämper T, et al. Evaluation des Trabecular Bone Score (TBS) in der täglichen Praxis bei Patienten mit entzündlich rheumatischen und nichtentzündlichen Erkrankungen: Korrelation mit konventioneller Knochendichtemessung und Prävalenz von Wirbelkörperfrakturen. Z Rheumatol. 2020;79(10):1067-74. DOI:10.1007/s00393-020-00764-9
8. Guañabens N, Olmos JM, Hernández JL, et al. Vertebral fractures are increased in rheumatoid arthritis despite recent therapeutic advances: a case-control study. Osteoporos Int. 2021;32(7):1333-42. DOI:10.1007/s00198-021-05824-7
9. Подворотова М.М., Дыдыкина И.С., Таскина Е.А., и др. Факторы риска переломов у больных ревматоидным артритом (предварительные результаты по материалам многоцентровой Программы «Остеопороз при ревматоидном артрите: диагностика, факторы риска, переломы, лечение»). Научно-практическая ревматология. 2013;51(2):154-8 [Podvorotova MM, Dydykina IS, Taskina EA, et al. Risk factors for fractures in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (preliminary results of the multicenter program “Osteoporosis in rheumatoid arthritis: Diagnosis, risk factors, fractures, treatment”). Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2013;51(2):154-8 (in Russian)].
DOI:10.14412/1995-4484-2013-643
10. Ozen G, Pedro S, Wolfe F, Michaud K. Medications associated with fracture risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2019;78(8):1041-7.
DOI:10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-215328
11. Vis M, Haavardsholm EA, Bøyesen P, et al. High incidence of vertebral and non-vertebral fractures in the OSTRA cohort study: a 5-year follow-up study in postmenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis. Osteoporos Int. 2011;22(9):2413-9. DOI:10.1007/s00198-010-1517-6
12. Lin PH, Yu SF, Chen JF, et al. Risk factor analysis of fragility fractures in rheumatoid arthritis: A 3-year longitudinal, real-world, observational, cohort study. PloS ONE. 2021;16(8):e0255542. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0255542
13. Aletaha D, Neogi T, Silman AJ, et al. 2010 Rheumatoid arthritis classification criteria: an American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism collaborative initiative. Arthritis Rheum. 2010;62(9):2569-81. DOI:10.1002/art.27584
14. Клинические рекомендации по профилактике и ведению больных с остеопорозом. Под ред. проф. О.М. Лесняк; кол. авторов; Российская ассоциация по остеопорозу. Ярославль: Литера, 2012 [Klinicheskiie rekomendatsii po profilaktike i vedeniiu bolnykh s osteoporozom. Pod red. prof. OM Lesniak; kol. avtorov; Rossiiskaia assotsiatsiia po osteoporozu. Iaroslavl: Litera, 2012 (in Russian)].
15. Genant HK, Wu CY, van Kuijk C, Nevitt MC. Vertebral fracture assessment using a semiquantitative technique. J Bone Miner Res. 1993;8(9):1137-48. DOI:10.1002/jbmr.5650080915
16. Белая Ж.Е., Белова К.Ю., Бирюкова Е.В., и др. Федеральные клинические рекомендации по диагностике, лечению и профилактике остеопороза. Остеопороз и остеопатии. 2021;(2):4-47 [Belaya ZE, Belova KYu, Biryukova EV, et al. Federal clinical guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases. 2021;(2):4-47 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.14341/osteo12930
17. Смирнов А.В. Рентгенологическая диагностика первичного остеопороза. Современная ревматология. 2011;5(1):47-52 [Smirnov AV. X-ray diagnosis of primary osteoporosis. Modern Rheumatology Journal. 2011;5(1):47-52 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.14412/1996-7012-2011-651
18. Kim D, Cho SK, Choi CB, et al. Incidence and risk factors of fractures in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: an Asian prospective cohort study. Rheumatol Int.
2016;36(9):1205-14. DOI:10.1007/s00296-016-3453-z
19. Jin S, Hsieh E, Peng L, et al. Incidence of fractures among patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int. 2018;29(6):1263-75. DOI:10.1007/s00198-018-4473-1
20. Liu Y, Jiang J, Mo M, et al. Incidence and risk factors for vertebral fracture in rheumatoid arthritis: an update meta-analysis. Clin Rheumatol. 2022;41(5):1313-22. DOI:10.1007/s10067-021-06046-2
21. Дыдыкина И.С., Алексеева Л.И. Остеопороз при ревматоидном артрите: диагностика, факторы риска, переломы, лечение. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2011;5:13-7 [Dydykina IS, Alekseeva LI. Osteoporoz pri revmatoidnom artrite: diagnostika, faktory riska, perelomy, lechenie. Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2011;5:13-7 (in Russian)].
22. Zerbini CAF, Clark P, Mendez-Sanchez L, et al. Biologic therapies and bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis. Osteoporos Int. 2017;28(2):429-46. DOI:10.1007/s00198-016-3769-2
23. Lin YC, Li YH, Chang CH, et al. Rheumatoid arthritis patients with hip fracture: a nationwide study. Osteoporos Int. 2015;26(2):811-7. DOI:10.1007/s00198-014-2968-y
24. Nyhäll-Wåhlin BM, Ajeganova S, Petersson IF, Andersson M. Increased risk of osteoporotic fractures in Swedish patients with rheumatoid arthritis despite early treatment with potent disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs: a prospective general population-matched cohort study. Scand J Rheumatol. 2019;48(6):431-8. DOI:10.1080/03009742.2019.1611918
25. Mazzucchelli R, Pérez Fernandez E, Crespí-Villarías N, et al. Trends in hip fracture in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: results from the Spanish National Inpatient Registry over a 17-year period (1999-2015). TREND-AR study. RMD Open. 2018;4(1):e000671. DOI:10.1136/rmdopen-2018-000671
26. Mazzucchelli R, Pérez Fernández E, Crespí Villarías N, et al. East-west gradient in hip fracture incidence in Spain: how much can we explain by following the pattern of risk factors? Arch Osteoporos. 2019;14(1):115. DOI:10.1007/s11657-019-0665-3
27. Pueyo-Sánchez MJ, Larrosa M, Suris X, et al. Secular trend in the incidence of hip fracture in Catalonia, Spain, 2003-2014. Age Ageing. 2017;46(2):324-8. DOI:10.1093/ageing/afw196
28. Kerkeni S, Kolta S, Fechtenbaum J, Roux C. Spinal deformity index (SDI) is a good predictor of incident vertebral fractures. Osteoporos Int. 2009;20(9):1547-52.
DOI:10.1007/s00198-008-0832-7
29. Kim D, Cho SK, Park B, et al. Glucocorticoids are associated with an increased risk for vertebral fracture in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2018;45(5):612-20. DOI:10.3899/jrheum.170054
30. Wang Y, Zhao R, Gu Z, et al. Effects of glucocorticoids on osteoporosis in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int.
2020;31(8):1401-9. DOI:10.1007/s00198-020-05360-w
31. Choi YJ, Chung YS, Suh CH, et al. Trabecular bone score as a supplementary tool for the discrimination of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017;96(45):e8661. DOI:10.1097/MD.0000000000008661
________________________________________________
1. Nasonov EL. Rossiiskie klinicheskie rekomendatsii. Revmatologiia pod red. EL Nasonova. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media, 2020 (in Russian).
2. Amin S, Gabriel SE, Achenbach SJ, et al. Are young women and men with rheumatoid arthritis at risk for fragility fractures? A population-based study. J Rheumatol.
2013;40(10):1669-76. DOI:10.3899/jrheum.121493
3. Kim SY, Schneeweiss S, Liu J, et al. Risk of osteoporotic fracture in a large population-based cohort of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2010;12(4):R154. DOI:10.1186/ar3107
4. Van Staa TP, Geusens P, Bijlsma JW, et al. Clinical assessment of the long-term risk of fracture in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2006;54(10):3104-12. DOI:10.1002/art.22117
5. Xue AL, Wu SY, Jiang L, et al. Bone fracture risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017;96(36):e6983. DOI:10.1097/MD.0000000000006983
6. Tong JJ, Xu SQ, Zong HX, et al. Prevalence and risk factors associated with vertebral osteoporotic fractures in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol.
2020;39(2):357-64. DOI:10.1007/s10067-019-04787-9
7. Buehring B, Thomas J, Wittkämper T, et al. Evaluation des Trabecular Bone Score (TBS) in der täglichen Praxis bei Patienten mit entzündlich rheumatischen und nichtentzündlichen Erkrankungen: Korrelation mit konventioneller Knochendichtemessung und Prävalenz von Wirbelkörperfrakturen. Z Rheumatol. 2020;79(10):1067-74. DOI:10.1007/s00393-020-00764-9
8. Guañabens N, Olmos JM, Hernández JL, et al. Vertebral fractures are increased in rheumatoid arthritis despite recent therapeutic advances: a case-control study. Osteoporos Int. 2021;32(7):1333-42. DOI:10.1007/s00198-021-05824-7
9. Podvorotova MM, Dydykina IS, Taskina EA, et al. Risk factors for fractures in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (preliminary results of the multicenter program “Osteoporosis in rheumatoid arthritis: Diagnosis, risk factors, fractures, treatment”). Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2013;51(2):154-8 (in Russian). DOI:10.14412/1995-4484-2013-643
10. Ozen G, Pedro S, Wolfe F, Michaud K. Medications associated with fracture risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2019;78(8):1041-7.
DOI:10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-215328
11. Vis M, Haavardsholm EA, Bøyesen P, et al. High incidence of vertebral and non-vertebral fractures in the OSTRA cohort study: a 5-year follow-up study in postmenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis. Osteoporos Int. 2011;22(9):2413-9. DOI:10.1007/s00198-010-1517-6
12. Lin PH, Yu SF, Chen JF, et al. Risk factor analysis of fragility fractures in rheumatoid arthritis: A 3-year longitudinal, real-world, observational, cohort study. PloS ONE. 2021;16(8):e0255542. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0255542
13. Aletaha D, Neogi T, Silman AJ, et al. 2010 Rheumatoid arthritis classification criteria: an American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism collaborative initiative. Arthritis Rheum. 2010;62(9):2569-81. DOI:10.1002/art.27584
14. Klinicheskiie rekomendatsii po profilaktike i vedeniiu bolnykh s osteoporozom. Pod red. prof. OM Lesniak; kol. avtorov; Rossiiskaia assotsiatsiia po osteoporozu. Iaroslavl: Litera, 2012 (in Russian).
15. Genant HK, Wu CY, van Kuijk C, Nevitt MC. Vertebral fracture assessment using a semiquantitative technique. J Bone Miner Res. 1993;8(9):1137-48. DOI:10.1002/jbmr.5650080915
16. Belaya ZE, Belova KYu, Biryukova EV, et al. Federal clinical guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases. 2021;(2):4-47 (in Russian). DOI:10.14341/osteo12930
17. Smirnov AV. X-ray diagnosis of primary osteoporosis. Modern Rheumatology Journal. 2011;5(1):47-52 (in Russian). DOI:10.14412/1996-7012-2011-651
18. Kim D, Cho SK, Choi CB, et al. Incidence and risk factors of fractures in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: an Asian prospective cohort study. Rheumatol Int.
2016;36(9):1205-14. DOI:10.1007/s00296-016-3453-z
19. Jin S, Hsieh E, Peng L, et al. Incidence of fractures among patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int. 2018;29(6):1263-75. DOI:10.1007/s00198-018-4473-1
20. Liu Y, Jiang J, Mo M, et al. Incidence and risk factors for vertebral fracture in rheumatoid arthritis: an update meta-analysis. Clin Rheumatol. 2022;41(5):1313-22. DOI:10.1007/s10067-021-06046-2
21. Dydykina IS, Alekseeva LI. Osteoporoz pri revmatoidnom artrite: diagnostika, faktory riska, perelomy, lechenie. Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2011;5:13-7 (in Russian).
22. Zerbini CAF, Clark P, Mendez-Sanchez L, et al. Biologic therapies and bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis. Osteoporos Int. 2017;28(2):429-46. DOI:10.1007/s00198-016-3769-2
23. Lin YC, Li YH, Chang CH, et al. Rheumatoid arthritis patients with hip fracture: a nationwide study. Osteoporos Int. 2015;26(2):811-7. DOI:10.1007/s00198-014-2968-y
24. Nyhäll-Wåhlin BM, Ajeganova S, Petersson IF, Andersson M. Increased risk of osteoporotic fractures in Swedish patients with rheumatoid arthritis despite early treatment with potent disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs: a prospective general population-matched cohort study. Scand J Rheumatol. 2019;48(6):431-8. DOI:10.1080/03009742.2019.1611918
25. Mazzucchelli R, Pérez Fernandez E, Crespí-Villarías N, et al. Trends in hip fracture in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: results from the Spanish National Inpatient Registry over a 17-year period (1999-2015). TREND-AR study. RMD Open. 2018;4(1):e000671. DOI:10.1136/rmdopen-2018-000671
26. Mazzucchelli R, Pérez Fernández E, Crespí Villarías N, et al. East-west gradient in hip fracture incidence in Spain: how much can we explain by following the pattern of risk factors? Arch Osteoporos. 2019;14(1):115. DOI:10.1007/s11657-019-0665-3
27. Pueyo-Sánchez MJ, Larrosa M, Suris X, et al. Secular trend in the incidence of hip fracture in Catalonia, Spain, 2003-2014. Age Ageing. 2017;46(2):324-8. DOI:10.1093/ageing/afw196
28. Kerkeni S, Kolta S, Fechtenbaum J, Roux C. Spinal deformity index (SDI) is a good predictor of incident vertebral fractures. Osteoporos Int. 2009;20(9):1547-52.
DOI:10.1007/s00198-008-0832-7
29. Kim D, Cho SK, Park B, et al. Glucocorticoids are associated with an increased risk for vertebral fracture in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2018;45(5):612-20. DOI:10.3899/jrheum.170054
30. Wang Y, Zhao R, Gu Z, et al. Effects of glucocorticoids on osteoporosis in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int.
2020;31(8):1401-9. DOI:10.1007/s00198-020-05360-w
31. Choi YJ, Chung YS, Suh CH, et al. Trabecular bone score as a supplementary tool for the discrimination of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017;96(45):e8661. DOI:10.1097/MD.0000000000008661