Использование плейотропных эффектов некоторых гастроэнтерологических препаратов при лечении пациентов с неалкогольной жировой болезнью печени и заболеваниями сердечно-сосудистой системы

1. Здравоохранение в России. 2023. Режим доступа: https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Zdravooxran_2023.htm. Ссылка активна на 22.10.2024 [Zdravookhranenie v Rossii. 2023. Available at: https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Zdravooxran_2023.htm. Accessed: 22.10.2024 (in Russian)].
2. Драпкина О.М., Ивашкин В.Т. Эпидемиологические особенности неалкогольной жировой болезни печени в России (результаты открытого многоцентрового проспективного исследования-наблюдения DIREG L 01903). Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии. 2014;24(4):32-8 [Drapkina OM, Ivashkin VT. Epidemiologic features of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Russia (results of open multicenter prospective observational study DIREG L 01903). Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology. 2014;34(4):32-8 (in Russian)].
3. Маев И.В., Андреев Д.Н., Кучерявый Ю.А. Распространенность неалкогольной жировой болезни печени в России: метаанализ. Consilium Medicum. 2023;25(5):313-9 [Maev IV, Andreev DN, Kucheryavyy YuA. Prevalence of non-alcoholic fat disease liver in Russian Federation: meta-analysis. Consilium Medicum. 2023;25(5):313-9 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.26442/20751753.2023.5.202155
4. Caleyachetty R, Thomas GN, Toulis KA, et al. Metabolically Healthy Obese and Incident Cardiovascular Disease Events Among 3.5 Million Men and Women. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;70(12):1429-47. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.07.763
5. Кролевец Т.С., Ливзан М.А., Черкащенко Н.А., и др. Стратификация сердечно-сосудистого риска у пациентов с неалкогольной жировой болезнью печени и желчнокаменной болезнью. РМЖ. Медицинское обозрение. 2021;5(6):377-84 [Krolevets TS, Livzan MA, Cherkashchenko NA, et al. Cardiac risk stratification in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cholelithiasis. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2021;5(6):377-84 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-6-377-384
6. Leite NC, Salles GF, Araujo ALE, et al. Prevalence and associated factors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Liver Int. 2009;29:113-9. DOI:10.1111/j.1478-3231.2008.01718
7. Lazo M, Clark JM. The epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a global perspective. Semin Liver Dis. 2008;28(4):339-50. DOI:10.1055/s-0028-1091978
8. Misra VL, Khashab M, Chalasani N. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular risk. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2009;11(1):50-5. DOI:10.1007/s11894-009-0008-4
9. Stahl EP, Dhindsa DS, Lee SK, et al. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and the Heart: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;73(8):948-63. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.11.050
10. Parthasarathy G, Revelo X, Malhi H. Pathogenesis of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: An Overview. Hepatol Commun. 2020;4(4):478-92. DOI:10.1002/hep4.1479
11. Haas JT, Francque S, Staels B. Pathophysiology and Mechanisms of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Annu Rev Physiol. 2016;78:181-205.
DOI:10.1146/annurev-physiol-021115-105331
12. Malhi H, Gores GJ. Molecular mechanisms of lipotoxicity in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Semin Liver Dis. 2008;28(4):360-9. DOI:10.1055/s-0028-1091980
13. Musso G, Cassader M, Paschetta E, Gambino R. Bioactive Lipid Species and Metabolic Pathways in Progression and Resolution of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Gastroenterology. 2018;155(2):282-302.e8. DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2018.06.031
14. Parry SA, Rosqvist F, Mozes FE, et al. Intrahepatic Fat and Postprandial Glycemia Increase After Consumption of a Diet Enriched in Saturated Fat Compared With Free Sugars. Diabetes Care. 2020;43(5):1134-11. DOI:10.2337/dc19-2331
15. Lambert JE, Ramos-Roman MA, Browning JD, Parks EJ. Increased de novo lipogenesis is a distinct characteristic of individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology. 2014;146(3):726-35. DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2013.11.049
16. Ter Horst KW, Serlie MJ. Fructose Consumption, Lipogenesis, and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Nutrients. 2017;9(9). DOI:10.3390/nu9090981
17. Jensen T, Abdelmalek MF, Sullivan S, et al. Fructose and sugar: A major mediator of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol. 2018;68(5):1063-05. DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2018.01.019
18. Birkenfeld AL, Shulman GI. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatic insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. Hepatology. 2014;59(2):713-23. DOI:10.1002/hep.26672
19. Ghorpade DS, Ozcan L, Zheng Z, et al. Hepatocyte-secreted DPP4 in obesity promotes adipose inflammation and insulin resistance. Nature. 2018;555(7698):673-7. DOI:10.1038/nature26138
20. Fang YL, Chen H, Wang CL, Liang L. Pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in children and adolescence: From "two hit theory" to "multiple hit model". World J Gastroenterol. 2018;24(27):2974-93. DOI:10.3748/wjg.v24.i27.2974
21. Xian YX, Weng JP, Xu F. MAFLD vs. NAFLD: shared features and potential changes in epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and pharmacotherapy. Chin Med J (Engl). 2020;134(1):8-19. DOI:10.1097/CM9.0000000000001263
22. Лазебник Л.Б., Голованова Е.В., Туркина С.В., и др. Неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени у взрослых: клиника, диагностика, лечение. Рекомендации для терапевтов, третья версия. Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология. 2021;185(1):4-52 [Lazebnik LB, Golovanova EV, Turkina SV, et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adults: clinic, diagnostics, treatment. Guidelines for therapists, third version. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2021;185(1):4-52 (in Russian)].
DOI:10.31146/1682-8658- ecg-185-1-4-52
23. Лазебник Л.Б., Туркина С.В. НАЖБП-ассоциированная коморбидность. Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология. 2021;194(10):5-13 [Lazebnik LB, Turkina SV. NAFLD Associated Comorbidity. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2021;194(10): 5-13 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-194-10-5-13
24. Полякова О.А., Остроумова О.Д., Ковалева Г.П., Павлеева Е.Е. Коморбидность неалкогольной жировой болезни печени и сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний: фокус на адеметионин и урсодезоксихолевую кислоту. Медицинский алфавит. 2021;1(29):13-20 [Polyakova OA, Ostroumova OD, Kovaleva GP, Pavleeva EE. Comorbidity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular disease: focus on ademetionine and ursodeoxycholic acid. Medical Alphabet. 2021;1(29):13-20 (in Russian)].
DOI:10.33667/2078-5631-2021-29-13-20
25. Маевская Е.А., Кучерявый Ю.А., Черемушкин С.В., и др. Эффективность псиллиума и лактулозы в лечении функционального запора при его сочетании с неалкогольным стеатогепатитом. Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология. 2017;(3):38-47 [Maevskaya EA, Cucheryavy YA, Cheremushkin SV, et al. The effectiveness of psyllium and lactulose in treatment of functional constipation when combined with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2017;(3):38-47 (in Russian)].
26. Wang ZQ, Zuberi AR, Zhang XH, et al. Effects of dietary fibers on weight gain, carbohydrate metabolism, and gastric ghrelin gene expression in mice fed a high-fat diet. Metabolism. 2007;56(12):1635-42. DOI:10.1016/j.metabol.2007.07.004
27. Андреев Д.Н., Кучерявый Ю.А. Ожирение как фактор риска заболеваний пищеварительной системы. Терапевтический архив. 2021;93(8):954-62 [Andreev DN, Kucheryavyy YuA. Obesity as a risk factor for diseases of the digestive system. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh). 2021;93(8):954-62 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.26442/00403660.2021.08.200983
28. Bays H, Stein EA. Pharmacotherapy for dyslipidaemia – current therapies and future agents. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2003;4(11):1901-38. DOI:10.1517/14656566.4.11.1901
29. Левченко С.В., Комиссаренко И.А. Псиллиум в качестве гиполипидемического средства: результаты многоцентрового исследования. Врач. 2018;29(1):16-24 [Levchenko SV, Komissarenko IA. Psyllium as a lipid-lowering agent: results of a multicenter study. Vrach. 2018;29(1):16-24 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.29296/25877305-2018-01-05
30. Martsevich SYu, Kutishenko NP, Drozdova LYu, et al. Study of ursodeoxycholic acid influence on efficacy and safety of statin therapy in patients with diseases of the liver, gall bladder and/or biliary tract (the RAKURS study). Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology. 2014;10(2):147-52 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.20996/1819-6446-2014-10-2-147-152
31. Wu P, Zhao J, Guo Y, et al. Ursodeoxycholic acid alleviates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by inhibiting apoptosis and improving autophagy via activating AMPK. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2020;529(3):834-3. DOI:10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.128
32. Sánchez-García A, Sahebkar A, Simental-Mendía M, Simental-Mendía LE. Effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on glycemic markers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Pharmacol Res. 2018;135:144-4. DOI:10.1016/j.phrs.2018.08.008
33. Лялюкова Е.А. Неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени: гетерогенный фенотип. Плейотропные эффекты урсодезоксихолевой кислоты. Лечащий Врач.
2023;7-8(26):19-25 [Ljaljukova EA. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a heterogeneous phenotype. Pleiotropic effects of ursodeoxycholic acid. Lechashchii Vrach. 2023;7-8(26):19-25 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.51793/OS.2023.26.8.003
34. Сарвилина И.В. Сравнительный клинико-экономический анализ применения препаратов урсодезоксихолевой кислоты у пациентов с желчнокаменной болезнью I стадии. Лечащий врач. 2015;2:64-8 [Sarvilina IV. Comparative clinical and economic analysis of the use of ursodeoxycholic acid preparations in patients with stage I cholelithiasis. Lechaschi Vrach. 2015;2:64-8 (in Russian)].
35. Вялов С.С. Различия в эффективности лечения желчнокаменной болезни и билиарного сладжа разными препаратами урсодезоксихолевой кислоты. Consilium Medicum. 2017;19(8-2):64-8 [Vyalov SS. Differences in the effectiveness of treatment of cholelithiasis and biliary sludge with various drugs of ursodeoxycholic acid. Consilium Medicum. 2017;19(8-2):64-8 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.26442/2075-1753_19.8.2.64-68
36. Хлынов И.Б., Акименко Р.И., Гурикова И.А., и др. Билиарный сладж: опыт терапии в реальной клинической практике. Лечащий врач. 2019;4:80-3 [Khlynov IB, Akimenko RI, Gurikova IA, et al. Biliary sludge: experience of therapy in real clinical practice. Lechaschi Vrach. 2019;4:80-3 (in Russian)].
37. Буторова Л.И., Ардатская М.Д., Осадчук М.А., и др. Сравнительная эффективность препаратов урсодезоксихолевой кислоты в лечении билиарного сладжа. Терапевтический архив. 2020;92(8):60-5 [Butorova LI, Ardatskaya MD, Osadchuk MA, et al. Comparative effectiveness of ursodeoxycholic acid preparations in the treatment of biliary sludge. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2020;92(8):60-5 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.26442/00403660.2020.08.000700
38. Бакулин И.Г., Авалуева Е.Б., Серкова М.Ю., и др. Билиарный сладж: патогенез, этиология и лекарственная терапия. Терапевтический архив. 2021;93(2):179-86 [Bakulin IG, Avalueva EB, Serkova MU, et al. Biliary sludge: pathogenesis, etiology and drug therapy. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2021;93(2):179-86 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.26442/00403660.2021.02.200638
39. Исанбаева А.Р., Сахаутдинова Г.М. Оценка терапевтической эффективности различных препаратов урсодезоксихолиевой кислоты в лечении билиарного сладжа. Терапевтический архив. 2021;93(12):1477-81 [Isanbaeva AR, Sakhautdinova GM. Evaluation of therapeutic efficiency of various drugs of ursodeoxycholic acid in the treatment of biliary sludge. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2021;93(12):1477-81 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.26442/00403660.2021.12.201250
40. Кучерявый Ю.А., Черёмушкин С.В. Оценка терапевтической эффективности референтного препарата урсодезоксихолевой кислоты и его аналогов в растворении билиарного сладжа: метаанализ. Consilium Medicum. 2022;24(12):860-4 [Kucheryavyy YA, Cheremushkin SV. Therapeutic efficacy evaluation of the reference drug ursodeoxycholic acid and its analogues in the biliary sludge dissolution: a meta-analysis. Consilium Medicum. 2022;24(12):860-4 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.26442/20751753.2022.12.201429
41. Ивашкин В.Т., Маевская М.В., Жаркова М.С., и др. Клинические рекомендации российской гастроэнтерологической ассоциации и российского общества по изучению печени по диагностике и лечению холестаза. Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии. 2021;31(6):56-102 [Ivashkin VT, Maevskaya MV, Zharkova MS, et al. Clinical Recommendations of the Russian Scientific Liver Society and Russian Gastroenterological Association on Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Fibrosis, Cirrhosis and Their Complications. Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology. 2021;31(6):56-102 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.22416/1382-4376-2021-31-6-56-102
42. Драпкина О.М., Концевая А.В., Калинина А.М., и др. Коморбидность пациентов с хроническими неинфекционными заболеваниями в практике врача-терапевта. Евразийское руководство. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2024;23(3):3996 [Drapkina OM, Kontsevaya AV, Kalinina AM, et al. Comorbidity of patients with noncommunicable diseases in general practice. Eurasian guidelines. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2024;23(3):3996. DOI:10.15829/1728-8800-2024-3996

________________________________________________

1. Zdravookhranenie v Rossii. 2023. Available at: https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Zdravooxran_2023.htm. Accessed: 22.10.2024 (in Russian).
2. Drapkina OM, Ivashkin VT. Epidemiologic features of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Russia (results of open multicenter prospective observational study DIREG L 01903). Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology. 2014;34(4):32-8 (in Russian).
3. Maev IV, Andreev DN, Kucheryavyy YuA. Prevalence of non-alcoholic fat disease liver in Russian Federation: meta-analysis. Consilium Medicum. 2023;25(5):313-9 (in Russian). DOI:10.26442/20751753.2023.5.202155
4. Caleyachetty R, Thomas GN, Toulis KA, et al. Metabolically Healthy Obese and Incident Cardiovascular Disease Events Among 3.5 Million Men and Women. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;70(12):1429-47. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.07.763
5. Krolevets TS, Livzan MA, Cherkashchenko NA, et al. Cardiac risk stratification in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cholelithiasis. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2021;5(6):377-84 (in Russian). DOI:10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-6-377-384
6. Leite NC, Salles GF, Araujo ALE, et al. Prevalence and associated factors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Liver Int. 2009;29:113-9. DOI:10.1111/j.1478-3231.2008.01718
7. Lazo M, Clark JM. The epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a global perspective. Semin Liver Dis. 2008;28(4):339-50. DOI:10.1055/s-0028-1091978
8. Misra VL, Khashab M, Chalasani N. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular risk. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2009;11(1):50-5. DOI:10.1007/s11894-009-0008-4
9. Stahl EP, Dhindsa DS, Lee SK, et al. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and the Heart: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;73(8):948-63. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.11.050
10. Parthasarathy G, Revelo X, Malhi H. Pathogenesis of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: An Overview. Hepatol Commun. 2020;4(4):478-92. DOI:10.1002/hep4.1479
11. Haas JT, Francque S, Staels B. Pathophysiology and Mechanisms of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Annu Rev Physiol. 2016;78:181-205.
DOI:10.1146/annurev-physiol-021115-105331
12. Malhi H, Gores GJ. Molecular mechanisms of lipotoxicity in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Semin Liver Dis. 2008;28(4):360-9. DOI:10.1055/s-0028-1091980
13. Musso G, Cassader M, Paschetta E, Gambino R. Bioactive Lipid Species and Metabolic Pathways in Progression and Resolution of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Gastroenterology. 2018;155(2):282-302.e8. DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2018.06.031
14. Parry SA, Rosqvist F, Mozes FE, et al. Intrahepatic Fat and Postprandial Glycemia Increase After Consumption of a Diet Enriched in Saturated Fat Compared With Free Sugars. Diabetes Care. 2020;43(5):1134-11. DOI:10.2337/dc19-2331
15. Lambert JE, Ramos-Roman MA, Browning JD, Parks EJ. Increased de novo lipogenesis is a distinct characteristic of individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology. 2014;146(3):726-35. DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2013.11.049
16. Ter Horst KW, Serlie MJ. Fructose Consumption, Lipogenesis, and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Nutrients. 2017;9(9). DOI:10.3390/nu9090981
17. Jensen T, Abdelmalek MF, Sullivan S, et al. Fructose and sugar: A major mediator of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol. 2018;68(5):1063-05. DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2018.01.019
18. Birkenfeld AL, Shulman GI. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatic insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. Hepatology. 2014;59(2):713-23. DOI:10.1002/hep.26672
19. Ghorpade DS, Ozcan L, Zheng Z, et al. Hepatocyte-secreted DPP4 in obesity promotes adipose inflammation and insulin resistance. Nature. 2018;555(7698):673-7. DOI:10.1038/nature26138
20. Fang YL, Chen H, Wang CL, Liang L. Pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in children and adolescence: From "two hit theory" to "multiple hit model". World J Gastroenterol. 2018;24(27):2974-93. DOI:10.3748/wjg.v24.i27.2974
21. Xian YX, Weng JP, Xu F. MAFLD vs. NAFLD: shared features and potential changes in epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and pharmacotherapy. Chin Med J (Engl). 2020;134(1):8-19. DOI:10.1097/CM9.0000000000001263
22. Lazebnik LB, Golovanova EV, Turkina SV, et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adults: clinic, diagnostics, treatment. Guidelines for therapists, third version. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2021;185(1):4-52 (in Russian). DOI:10.31146/1682-8658- ecg-185-1-4-52
23. Lazebnik LB, Turkina SV. NAFLD Associated Comorbidity. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2021;194(10): 5-13 (in Russian). DOI:10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-194-10-5-13
24. Polyakova OA, Ostroumova OD, Kovaleva GP, Pavleeva EE. Comorbidity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular disease: focus on ademetionine and ursodeoxycholic acid. Medical Alphabet. 2021;1(29):13-20 (in Russian). DOI:10.33667/2078-5631-2021-29-13-20
25. Maevskaya EA, Cucheryavy YA, Cheremushkin SV, et al. The effectiveness of psyllium and lactulose in treatment of functional constipation when combined with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2017;(3):38-47 (in Russian).
26. Wang ZQ, Zuberi AR, Zhang XH, et al. Effects of dietary fibers on weight gain, carbohydrate metabolism, and gastric ghrelin gene expression in mice fed a high-fat diet. Metabolism. 2007;56(12):1635-42. DOI:10.1016/j.metabol.2007.07.004
27. Andreev DN, Kucheryavyy YuA. Obesity as a risk factor for diseases of the digestive system. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh). 2021;93(8):954-62 (in Russian). DOI:10.26442/00403660.2021.08.200983
28. Bays H, Stein EA. Pharmacotherapy for dyslipidaemia – current therapies and future agents. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2003;4(11):1901-38. DOI:10.1517/14656566.4.11.1901
29. Levchenko SV, Komissarenko IA. Psyllium as a lipid-lowering agent: results of a multicenter study. Vrach. 2018;29(1):16-24 (in Russian). DOI:10.29296/25877305-2018-01-05
30. Martsevich SYu, Kutishenko NP, Drozdova LYu, et al. Study of ursodeoxycholic acid influence on efficacy and safety of statin therapy in patients with diseases of the liver, gall bladder and/or biliary tract (the RAKURS study). Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology. 2014;10(2):147-52 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.20996/1819-6446-2014-10-2-147-152
31. Wu P, Zhao J, Guo Y, et al. Ursodeoxycholic acid alleviates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by inhibiting apoptosis and improving autophagy via activating AMPK. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2020;529(3):834-3. DOI:10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.128
32. Sánchez-García A, Sahebkar A, Simental-Mendía M, Simental-Mendía LE. Effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on glycemic markers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Pharmacol Res. 2018;135:144-4. DOI:10.1016/j.phrs.2018.08.008
33. Ljaljukova EA. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a heterogeneous phenotype. Pleiotropic effects of ursodeoxycholic acid. Lechashchii Vrach. 2023;7-8(26):19-25 (in Russian). DOI:10.51793/OS.2023.26.8.003
34. Sarvilina IV. Comparative clinical and economic analysis of the use of ursodeoxycholic acid preparations in patients with stage I cholelithiasis. Lechaschi Vrach. 2015;2:64-8 (in Russian).
35. Vyalov SS. Differences in the effectiveness of treatment of cholelithiasis and biliary sludge with various drugs of ursodeoxycholic acid. Consilium Medicum. 2017;19(8-2):64-8 (in Russian). DOI:10.26442/2075-1753_19.8.2.64-68
36. Khlynov IB, Akimenko RI, Gurikova IA, et al. Biliary sludge: experience of therapy in real clinical practice. Lechaschi Vrach. 2019;4:80-3 (in Russian).
37. Butorova LI, Ardatskaya MD, Osadchuk MA, et al. Comparative effectiveness of ursodeoxycholic acid preparations in the treatment of biliary sludge. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2020;92(8):60-5 (in Russian). DOI:10.26442/00403660.2020.08.000700
38. Bakulin IG, Avalueva EB, Serkova MU, et al. Biliary sludge: pathogenesis, etiology and drug therapy. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2021;93(2):179-86 (in Russian). DOI:10.26442/00403660.2021.02.200638
39. Isanbaeva AR, Sakhautdinova GM. Evaluation of therapeutic efficiency of various drugs of ursodeoxycholic acid in the treatment of biliary sludge. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2021;93(12):1477-81 (in Russian). DOI:10.26442/00403660.2021.12.201250
40. Kucheryavyy YA, Cheremushkin SV. Therapeutic efficacy evaluation of the reference drug ursodeoxycholic acid and its analogues in the biliary sludge dissolution: a meta-analysis. Consilium Medicum. 2022;24(12):860-4 (in Russian). DOI:10.26442/20751753.2022.12.201429
41. Ivashkin VT, Maevskaya MV, Zharkova MS, et al. Clinical Recommendations of the Russian Scientific Liver Society and Russian Gastroenterological Association on Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Fibrosis, Cirrhosis and Their Complications. Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology. 2021;31(6):56-102 (in Russian).
DOI:10.22416/1382-4376-2021-31-6-56-102
42. Drapkina OM, Kontsevaya AV, Kalinina AM, et al. Comorbidity of patients with noncommunicable diseases in general practice. Eurasian guidelines. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2024;23(3):3996. DOI:10.15829/1728-8800-2024-3996

И.А. Комиссаренко*, С.В. Левченко

ФГБОУ ВО «Российский университет медицины» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия
*komisarenko@mail.ru

________________________________________________

Irina A. Komissarenko*, Svetlana V. Levchenko

Russian University of Medicine, Moscow, Russia
*komisarenko@mail.ru