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Многоликий эрдостеин: факты на стол
Многоликий эрдостеин: факты на стол
Бабак С.Л., Горбунова М.В., Карнаушкина М.А. Многоликий эрдостеин: факты на стол. Consilium Medicum. 2024;26(3):182–186. DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2024.3.202740
© ООО «КОНСИЛИУМ МЕДИКУМ», 2024 г.
© ООО «КОНСИЛИУМ МЕДИКУМ», 2024 г.
________________________________________________
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Аннотация
Эрдостеин является мукоактивным агентом, принадлежащим к группе тиоловых препаратов с выраженной антиоксидантной, противовоспалительной и антибактериальной активностью в отношении множества респираторных патогенов. После трансформации в печени он метаболизируется до соединения с открытым кольцом М1 (MET-1), которое обладает уникальными свойствами. В исследовании RESTORE (2022 г.) подтверждено, что эрдостеин значительно снижает риски тяжелых обострений у пациентов с хронической обструктивной болезнью легких (ХОБЛ), сокращает их длительность, уменьшает число госпитализаций с развитием острой дыхательной недостаточности. Его уникальные профилактические свойства не зависят от назначения пациентам с ХОБЛ ингаляционных или системных глюкокортикостероидов (ГКС), а также от уровня эозинофилии крови. Полученные результаты контрастируют с имеющейся стратегией терапии, в которой тиоловые муколитики показаны пациентам, не использующим терапию ингаляционными и/или системными ГКС. Соответственно, подтверждается предположение о применении эрдостеина у пациентов с ХОБЛ в качестве препарата для поэтапной отмены терапии ингаляционными ГКС.
Ключевые слова: эрдостеин, активные формы кислорода, хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких, ингаляционные глюкокортикостероиды, исследование RESTORE
Keywords: erdostein, reactive oxygen species, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, inhaled corticosteroids, RESTORE study
Ключевые слова: эрдостеин, активные формы кислорода, хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких, ингаляционные глюкокортикостероиды, исследование RESTORE
________________________________________________
Keywords: erdostein, reactive oxygen species, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, inhaled corticosteroids, RESTORE study
Полный текст
Список литературы
1. Dechant KL, Noble S. Erdosteine. Drugs. 1996;52(6):875-81; discussion 882. DOI:10.2165/00003495-199652060-00009
2. Cazzola M, Calzetta L, Page C, et al. Thiol-Based Drugs in Pulmonary Medicine: Much More than Mucolytics. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2019;40(7):452-63. DOI:10.1016/j.tips.2019.04.015
3. Miyake K, Kaise T, Hosoe H, et al. The effect of erdosteine and its active metabolite on reactive oxygen species production by inflammatory cells. Inflamm Res. 1999;48(4):205-9. DOI:10.1007/s000110050447
4. Dal Negro RW. Erdosteine: antitussive and anti-inflammatory effects. Lung. 2008;186(Suppl. 1):S70-3. DOI:10.1007/s00408-007-9065-3
5. Hosoe H, Kaise T, Ohmori K. Erdosteine enhances mucociliary clearance in rats with and without airway inflammation. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods. 1998;40(3):165-71. DOI:10.1016/s1056-8719(98)00053-7
6. Cohen NA. Sinonasal mucociliary clearance in health and disease. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Suppl. 2006;196:20-6. DOI:10.1177/00034894061150s904
7. Moretti M, Marchioni CF. An overview of erdosteine antioxidant activity in experimental research. Pharmacol Res. 2007;55(4):249-54. DOI:10.1016/j.phrs.2006.12.006
8. Marabini L, Calò R, Braga PC. Protective effect of erdosteine metabolite I against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative DNA-damage in lung epithelial cells. Arzneimittelforschung. 2011;61(12):700-6. DOI:10.1055/s-0031-1300590
9. Braga PC, Culici M, Dal Sasso M, et al. Free radical scavenging activity of erdosteine metabolite I investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Pharmacology. 2010;85(4):195-202. DOI:10.1159/000275063
10. Demiralay R, Gürsan N, Ozbilim G, et al. Comparison of the effects of erdosteine and N-acetylcysteine on apoptosis regulation in endotoxin-induced acute lung injury. J Appl Toxicol. 2006;26(4):301-8. DOI:10.1002/jat.1133
11. Lee IT, Yang CM. Role of NADPH oxidase/ROS in pro-inflammatory mediators-induced airway and pulmonary diseases. Biochem Pharmacol. 2012;84(5):581-90. DOI:10.1016/j.bcp.2012.05.005
12. Park JS, Park MY, Cho YJ, et al. Anti-inflammatory Effect of Erdosteine in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells. Inflammation. 2016;39(4):1573-81.
DOI:10.1007/s10753-016-0393-4
13. Jang YY, Song JH, Shin YK, et al. Depressant effects of ambroxol and erdosteine on cytokine synthesis, granule enzyme release, and free radical production in rat alveolar macrophages activated by lipopolysaccharide. Pharmacol Toxicol. 2003;92(4):173-9. DOI:10.1034/j.1600-0773.2003.920407.x
14. Hayashi K, Hosoe H, Kaise T, Ohmori K. Protective effect of erdosteine against hypochlorous acid-induced acute lung injury and lipopolysaccharide-induced neutrophilic lung inflammation in mice. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2000;52(11):1411-6. DOI:10.1211/0022357001777414
15. Demiralay R, Gürsan N, Erdem H. Regulation of sepsis-induced apoptosis of pulmonary cells by posttreatment of erdosteine and N-aceylcysteine. Toxicology. 2006;228(2-3):151-61. DOI:10.1016/j.tox.2006.08.027
16. Braga PC, Dal Sasso M, Culici M, et al. Effect of metabolite I of erdosteine on the release of human neutrophil elastase. Pharmacology. 2006;77(3):150-4. DOI:10.1159/000094379
17. Braga PC, Zuccotti T, Dal Sasso M. Bacterial adhesiveness: effects of the SH metabolite of erdosteine (mucoactive drug) plus clarithromycin versus clarithromycin alone. Chemotherapy. 2001;47(3):208-14. DOI:10.1159/000063223
18. Dal SM, Bovio C, Culici M, Braga PC. The combination of the SH metabolite of erdosteine (a mucoactive drug) and ciprofloxacin increases the inhibition of bacterial adhesiveness achieved by ciprofloxacin alone. Drugs Exp Clin Res. 2002;28(2-3):75-82.
19. Cazzola M, Floriani I, Page CP. The therapeutic efficacy of erdosteine in the treatment of chronic obstructive bronchitis: a meta-analysis of individual patient data. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2010;23(2):135-44. DOI:10.1016/j.pupt.2009.10.002
20. Cazzola M, Calzetta L, Page C, et al. Impact of erdosteine on chronic bronchitis and COPD: A meta-analysis. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2018;48:185-94. DOI:10.1016/j.pupt.2017.11.009
21. Calverley PMA, Papi A, Page C, et al. The Effect of Maintenance Treatment with Erdosteine on Exacerbation Treatment and Health Status in Patients with COPD: A Post-Hoc Analysis of the RESTORE Dataset. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2022;17:1909-20. DOI:10.2147/COPD.S369804
22. Frent SM, Chapman KR, Larbig M, et al. Capturing Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease with EXACT. A Subanalysis of FLAME. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019;199(1):43-51. DOI:10.1164/rccm.201801-0038OC
23. Wedzicha JA, Buhl R, Singh D, et al. Tiotropium/Olodaterol Decreases Exacerbation Rates Compared with Tiotropium in a Range of Patients with COPD: Pooled Analysis of the TONADO(®)/DYNAGITO(®) Trials. Adv Ther. 2020;37(10):4266-79. DOI:10.1007/s12325-020-01438-3
24. Calverley PM, Page C, Dal Negro RW, et al. Effect of Erdosteine on COPD Exacerbations in COPD Patients with Moderate Airflow Limitation. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2019;14:2733-44. DOI:10.2147/COPD.S221852
2. Cazzola M, Calzetta L, Page C, et al. Thiol-Based Drugs in Pulmonary Medicine: Much More than Mucolytics. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2019;40(7):452-63. DOI:10.1016/j.tips.2019.04.015
3. Miyake K, Kaise T, Hosoe H, et al. The effect of erdosteine and its active metabolite on reactive oxygen species production by inflammatory cells. Inflamm Res. 1999;48(4):205-9. DOI:10.1007/s000110050447
4. Dal Negro RW. Erdosteine: antitussive and anti-inflammatory effects. Lung. 2008;186(Suppl. 1):S70-3. DOI:10.1007/s00408-007-9065-3
5. Hosoe H, Kaise T, Ohmori K. Erdosteine enhances mucociliary clearance in rats with and without airway inflammation. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods. 1998;40(3):165-71. DOI:10.1016/s1056-8719(98)00053-7
6. Cohen NA. Sinonasal mucociliary clearance in health and disease. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Suppl. 2006;196:20-6. DOI:10.1177/00034894061150s904
7. Moretti M, Marchioni CF. An overview of erdosteine antioxidant activity in experimental research. Pharmacol Res. 2007;55(4):249-54. DOI:10.1016/j.phrs.2006.12.006
8. Marabini L, Calò R, Braga PC. Protective effect of erdosteine metabolite I against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative DNA-damage in lung epithelial cells. Arzneimittelforschung. 2011;61(12):700-6. DOI:10.1055/s-0031-1300590
9. Braga PC, Culici M, Dal Sasso M, et al. Free radical scavenging activity of erdosteine metabolite I investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Pharmacology. 2010;85(4):195-202. DOI:10.1159/000275063
10. Demiralay R, Gürsan N, Ozbilim G, et al. Comparison of the effects of erdosteine and N-acetylcysteine on apoptosis regulation in endotoxin-induced acute lung injury. J Appl Toxicol. 2006;26(4):301-8. DOI:10.1002/jat.1133
11. Lee IT, Yang CM. Role of NADPH oxidase/ROS in pro-inflammatory mediators-induced airway and pulmonary diseases. Biochem Pharmacol. 2012;84(5):581-90. DOI:10.1016/j.bcp.2012.05.005
12. Park JS, Park MY, Cho YJ, et al. Anti-inflammatory Effect of Erdosteine in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells. Inflammation. 2016;39(4):1573-81.
DOI:10.1007/s10753-016-0393-4
13. Jang YY, Song JH, Shin YK, et al. Depressant effects of ambroxol and erdosteine on cytokine synthesis, granule enzyme release, and free radical production in rat alveolar macrophages activated by lipopolysaccharide. Pharmacol Toxicol. 2003;92(4):173-9. DOI:10.1034/j.1600-0773.2003.920407.x
14. Hayashi K, Hosoe H, Kaise T, Ohmori K. Protective effect of erdosteine against hypochlorous acid-induced acute lung injury and lipopolysaccharide-induced neutrophilic lung inflammation in mice. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2000;52(11):1411-6. DOI:10.1211/0022357001777414
15. Demiralay R, Gürsan N, Erdem H. Regulation of sepsis-induced apoptosis of pulmonary cells by posttreatment of erdosteine and N-aceylcysteine. Toxicology. 2006;228(2-3):151-61. DOI:10.1016/j.tox.2006.08.027
16. Braga PC, Dal Sasso M, Culici M, et al. Effect of metabolite I of erdosteine on the release of human neutrophil elastase. Pharmacology. 2006;77(3):150-4. DOI:10.1159/000094379
17. Braga PC, Zuccotti T, Dal Sasso M. Bacterial adhesiveness: effects of the SH metabolite of erdosteine (mucoactive drug) plus clarithromycin versus clarithromycin alone. Chemotherapy. 2001;47(3):208-14. DOI:10.1159/000063223
18. Dal SM, Bovio C, Culici M, Braga PC. The combination of the SH metabolite of erdosteine (a mucoactive drug) and ciprofloxacin increases the inhibition of bacterial adhesiveness achieved by ciprofloxacin alone. Drugs Exp Clin Res. 2002;28(2-3):75-82.
19. Cazzola M, Floriani I, Page CP. The therapeutic efficacy of erdosteine in the treatment of chronic obstructive bronchitis: a meta-analysis of individual patient data. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2010;23(2):135-44. DOI:10.1016/j.pupt.2009.10.002
20. Cazzola M, Calzetta L, Page C, et al. Impact of erdosteine on chronic bronchitis and COPD: A meta-analysis. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2018;48:185-94. DOI:10.1016/j.pupt.2017.11.009
21. Calverley PMA, Papi A, Page C, et al. The Effect of Maintenance Treatment with Erdosteine on Exacerbation Treatment and Health Status in Patients with COPD: A Post-Hoc Analysis of the RESTORE Dataset. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2022;17:1909-20. DOI:10.2147/COPD.S369804
22. Frent SM, Chapman KR, Larbig M, et al. Capturing Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease with EXACT. A Subanalysis of FLAME. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019;199(1):43-51. DOI:10.1164/rccm.201801-0038OC
23. Wedzicha JA, Buhl R, Singh D, et al. Tiotropium/Olodaterol Decreases Exacerbation Rates Compared with Tiotropium in a Range of Patients with COPD: Pooled Analysis of the TONADO(®)/DYNAGITO(®) Trials. Adv Ther. 2020;37(10):4266-79. DOI:10.1007/s12325-020-01438-3
24. Calverley PM, Page C, Dal Negro RW, et al. Effect of Erdosteine on COPD Exacerbations in COPD Patients with Moderate Airflow Limitation. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2019;14:2733-44. DOI:10.2147/COPD.S221852
2. Cazzola M, Calzetta L, Page C, et al. Thiol-Based Drugs in Pulmonary Medicine: Much More than Mucolytics. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2019;40(7):452-63. DOI:10.1016/j.tips.2019.04.015
3. Miyake K, Kaise T, Hosoe H, et al. The effect of erdosteine and its active metabolite on reactive oxygen species production by inflammatory cells. Inflamm Res. 1999;48(4):205-9. DOI:10.1007/s000110050447
4. Dal Negro RW. Erdosteine: antitussive and anti-inflammatory effects. Lung. 2008;186(Suppl. 1):S70-3. DOI:10.1007/s00408-007-9065-3
5. Hosoe H, Kaise T, Ohmori K. Erdosteine enhances mucociliary clearance in rats with and without airway inflammation. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods. 1998;40(3):165-71. DOI:10.1016/s1056-8719(98)00053-7
6. Cohen NA. Sinonasal mucociliary clearance in health and disease. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Suppl. 2006;196:20-6. DOI:10.1177/00034894061150s904
7. Moretti M, Marchioni CF. An overview of erdosteine antioxidant activity in experimental research. Pharmacol Res. 2007;55(4):249-54. DOI:10.1016/j.phrs.2006.12.006
8. Marabini L, Calò R, Braga PC. Protective effect of erdosteine metabolite I against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative DNA-damage in lung epithelial cells. Arzneimittelforschung. 2011;61(12):700-6. DOI:10.1055/s-0031-1300590
9. Braga PC, Culici M, Dal Sasso M, et al. Free radical scavenging activity of erdosteine metabolite I investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Pharmacology. 2010;85(4):195-202. DOI:10.1159/000275063
10. Demiralay R, Gürsan N, Ozbilim G, et al. Comparison of the effects of erdosteine and N-acetylcysteine on apoptosis regulation in endotoxin-induced acute lung injury. J Appl Toxicol. 2006;26(4):301-8. DOI:10.1002/jat.1133
11. Lee IT, Yang CM. Role of NADPH oxidase/ROS in pro-inflammatory mediators-induced airway and pulmonary diseases. Biochem Pharmacol. 2012;84(5):581-90. DOI:10.1016/j.bcp.2012.05.005
12. Park JS, Park MY, Cho YJ, et al. Anti-inflammatory Effect of Erdosteine in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells. Inflammation. 2016;39(4):1573-81.
DOI:10.1007/s10753-016-0393-4
13. Jang YY, Song JH, Shin YK, et al. Depressant effects of ambroxol and erdosteine on cytokine synthesis, granule enzyme release, and free radical production in rat alveolar macrophages activated by lipopolysaccharide. Pharmacol Toxicol. 2003;92(4):173-9. DOI:10.1034/j.1600-0773.2003.920407.x
14. Hayashi K, Hosoe H, Kaise T, Ohmori K. Protective effect of erdosteine against hypochlorous acid-induced acute lung injury and lipopolysaccharide-induced neutrophilic lung inflammation in mice. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2000;52(11):1411-6. DOI:10.1211/0022357001777414
15. Demiralay R, Gürsan N, Erdem H. Regulation of sepsis-induced apoptosis of pulmonary cells by posttreatment of erdosteine and N-aceylcysteine. Toxicology. 2006;228(2-3):151-61. DOI:10.1016/j.tox.2006.08.027
16. Braga PC, Dal Sasso M, Culici M, et al. Effect of metabolite I of erdosteine on the release of human neutrophil elastase. Pharmacology. 2006;77(3):150-4. DOI:10.1159/000094379
17. Braga PC, Zuccotti T, Dal Sasso M. Bacterial adhesiveness: effects of the SH metabolite of erdosteine (mucoactive drug) plus clarithromycin versus clarithromycin alone. Chemotherapy. 2001;47(3):208-14. DOI:10.1159/000063223
18. Dal SM, Bovio C, Culici M, Braga PC. The combination of the SH metabolite of erdosteine (a mucoactive drug) and ciprofloxacin increases the inhibition of bacterial adhesiveness achieved by ciprofloxacin alone. Drugs Exp Clin Res. 2002;28(2-3):75-82.
19. Cazzola M, Floriani I, Page CP. The therapeutic efficacy of erdosteine in the treatment of chronic obstructive bronchitis: a meta-analysis of individual patient data. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2010;23(2):135-44. DOI:10.1016/j.pupt.2009.10.002
20. Cazzola M, Calzetta L, Page C, et al. Impact of erdosteine on chronic bronchitis and COPD: A meta-analysis. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2018;48:185-94. DOI:10.1016/j.pupt.2017.11.009
21. Calverley PMA, Papi A, Page C, et al. The Effect of Maintenance Treatment with Erdosteine on Exacerbation Treatment and Health Status in Patients with COPD: A Post-Hoc Analysis of the RESTORE Dataset. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2022;17:1909-20. DOI:10.2147/COPD.S369804
22. Frent SM, Chapman KR, Larbig M, et al. Capturing Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease with EXACT. A Subanalysis of FLAME. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019;199(1):43-51. DOI:10.1164/rccm.201801-0038OC
23. Wedzicha JA, Buhl R, Singh D, et al. Tiotropium/Olodaterol Decreases Exacerbation Rates Compared with Tiotropium in a Range of Patients with COPD: Pooled Analysis of the TONADO(®)/DYNAGITO(®) Trials. Adv Ther. 2020;37(10):4266-79. DOI:10.1007/s12325-020-01438-3
24. Calverley PM, Page C, Dal Negro RW, et al. Effect of Erdosteine on COPD Exacerbations in COPD Patients with Moderate Airflow Limitation. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2019;14:2733-44. DOI:10.2147/COPD.S221852
________________________________________________
2. Cazzola M, Calzetta L, Page C, et al. Thiol-Based Drugs in Pulmonary Medicine: Much More than Mucolytics. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2019;40(7):452-63. DOI:10.1016/j.tips.2019.04.015
3. Miyake K, Kaise T, Hosoe H, et al. The effect of erdosteine and its active metabolite on reactive oxygen species production by inflammatory cells. Inflamm Res. 1999;48(4):205-9. DOI:10.1007/s000110050447
4. Dal Negro RW. Erdosteine: antitussive and anti-inflammatory effects. Lung. 2008;186(Suppl. 1):S70-3. DOI:10.1007/s00408-007-9065-3
5. Hosoe H, Kaise T, Ohmori K. Erdosteine enhances mucociliary clearance in rats with and without airway inflammation. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods. 1998;40(3):165-71. DOI:10.1016/s1056-8719(98)00053-7
6. Cohen NA. Sinonasal mucociliary clearance in health and disease. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Suppl. 2006;196:20-6. DOI:10.1177/00034894061150s904
7. Moretti M, Marchioni CF. An overview of erdosteine antioxidant activity in experimental research. Pharmacol Res. 2007;55(4):249-54. DOI:10.1016/j.phrs.2006.12.006
8. Marabini L, Calò R, Braga PC. Protective effect of erdosteine metabolite I against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative DNA-damage in lung epithelial cells. Arzneimittelforschung. 2011;61(12):700-6. DOI:10.1055/s-0031-1300590
9. Braga PC, Culici M, Dal Sasso M, et al. Free radical scavenging activity of erdosteine metabolite I investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Pharmacology. 2010;85(4):195-202. DOI:10.1159/000275063
10. Demiralay R, Gürsan N, Ozbilim G, et al. Comparison of the effects of erdosteine and N-acetylcysteine on apoptosis regulation in endotoxin-induced acute lung injury. J Appl Toxicol. 2006;26(4):301-8. DOI:10.1002/jat.1133
11. Lee IT, Yang CM. Role of NADPH oxidase/ROS in pro-inflammatory mediators-induced airway and pulmonary diseases. Biochem Pharmacol. 2012;84(5):581-90. DOI:10.1016/j.bcp.2012.05.005
12. Park JS, Park MY, Cho YJ, et al. Anti-inflammatory Effect of Erdosteine in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells. Inflammation. 2016;39(4):1573-81.
DOI:10.1007/s10753-016-0393-4
13. Jang YY, Song JH, Shin YK, et al. Depressant effects of ambroxol and erdosteine on cytokine synthesis, granule enzyme release, and free radical production in rat alveolar macrophages activated by lipopolysaccharide. Pharmacol Toxicol. 2003;92(4):173-9. DOI:10.1034/j.1600-0773.2003.920407.x
14. Hayashi K, Hosoe H, Kaise T, Ohmori K. Protective effect of erdosteine against hypochlorous acid-induced acute lung injury and lipopolysaccharide-induced neutrophilic lung inflammation in mice. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2000;52(11):1411-6. DOI:10.1211/0022357001777414
15. Demiralay R, Gürsan N, Erdem H. Regulation of sepsis-induced apoptosis of pulmonary cells by posttreatment of erdosteine and N-aceylcysteine. Toxicology. 2006;228(2-3):151-61. DOI:10.1016/j.tox.2006.08.027
16. Braga PC, Dal Sasso M, Culici M, et al. Effect of metabolite I of erdosteine on the release of human neutrophil elastase. Pharmacology. 2006;77(3):150-4. DOI:10.1159/000094379
17. Braga PC, Zuccotti T, Dal Sasso M. Bacterial adhesiveness: effects of the SH metabolite of erdosteine (mucoactive drug) plus clarithromycin versus clarithromycin alone. Chemotherapy. 2001;47(3):208-14. DOI:10.1159/000063223
18. Dal SM, Bovio C, Culici M, Braga PC. The combination of the SH metabolite of erdosteine (a mucoactive drug) and ciprofloxacin increases the inhibition of bacterial adhesiveness achieved by ciprofloxacin alone. Drugs Exp Clin Res. 2002;28(2-3):75-82.
19. Cazzola M, Floriani I, Page CP. The therapeutic efficacy of erdosteine in the treatment of chronic obstructive bronchitis: a meta-analysis of individual patient data. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2010;23(2):135-44. DOI:10.1016/j.pupt.2009.10.002
20. Cazzola M, Calzetta L, Page C, et al. Impact of erdosteine on chronic bronchitis and COPD: A meta-analysis. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2018;48:185-94. DOI:10.1016/j.pupt.2017.11.009
21. Calverley PMA, Papi A, Page C, et al. The Effect of Maintenance Treatment with Erdosteine on Exacerbation Treatment and Health Status in Patients with COPD: A Post-Hoc Analysis of the RESTORE Dataset. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2022;17:1909-20. DOI:10.2147/COPD.S369804
22. Frent SM, Chapman KR, Larbig M, et al. Capturing Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease with EXACT. A Subanalysis of FLAME. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019;199(1):43-51. DOI:10.1164/rccm.201801-0038OC
23. Wedzicha JA, Buhl R, Singh D, et al. Tiotropium/Olodaterol Decreases Exacerbation Rates Compared with Tiotropium in a Range of Patients with COPD: Pooled Analysis of the TONADO(®)/DYNAGITO(®) Trials. Adv Ther. 2020;37(10):4266-79. DOI:10.1007/s12325-020-01438-3
24. Calverley PM, Page C, Dal Negro RW, et al. Effect of Erdosteine on COPD Exacerbations in COPD Patients with Moderate Airflow Limitation. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2019;14:2733-44. DOI:10.2147/COPD.S221852
Авторы
С.Л. Бабак*1, М.В. Горбунова1, М.А. Карнаушкина2
1ФГБОУ ВО «Российский университет медицины» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия;
2ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов им. Патриса Лумумбы», Москва, Россия
*sergbabak@mail.ru
1Russian University of Medicine, Moscow, Russia;
2Patrice Lumumba Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
*sergbabak@mail.ru
1ФГБОУ ВО «Российский университет медицины» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия;
2ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов им. Патриса Лумумбы», Москва, Россия
*sergbabak@mail.ru
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1Russian University of Medicine, Moscow, Russia;
2Patrice Lumumba Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
*sergbabak@mail.ru
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