Материалы доступны только для специалистов сферы здравоохранения. Авторизуйтесь или зарегистрируйтесь.
Витаминно-минеральные комплексы в помощь взрослым пациентам, часто болеющим острыми респираторными вирусными инфекциями
Витаминно-минеральные комплексы в помощь взрослым пациентам, часто болеющим острыми респираторными вирусными инфекциями
Трухан Д.И., Багишева Н.В. Витаминно-минеральные комплексы в помощь взрослым пациентам, часто болеющим острыми респираторными вирусными инфекциями. Consilium Medicum. 2024;26(3):164–171. DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2024.3.202749
© ООО «КОНСИЛИУМ МЕДИКУМ», 2024 г.
DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2024.3.202749
© ООО «КОНСИЛИУМ МЕДИКУМ», 2024 г.
________________________________________________
DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2024.3.202749
Материалы доступны только для специалистов сферы здравоохранения. Авторизуйтесь или зарегистрируйтесь.
Аннотация
Острые респираторные вирусные инфекции (ОРВИ) относятся к массовым заболеваниям, плохо контролируемым инфекциям и характеризуются умеренно выраженным постоянным ростом. Применение витаминно-минеральных комплексов (нутрицевтиков) для неспецифической профилактики и лечения ОРВИ переживает «вторую молодость» благодаря новым данным, накопленным во время пандемии новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19). В рамках обзора рассмотрено возможное влияние дефицита микроэлементов селена и цинка, витаминов А, Е и С на различные аспекты течения ОРВИ: неспецифическую профилактику, лечение и реабилитацию. Проведен поиск соответствующих источников в информационных базах PubMed и Scopus, включавший временной период до 07.04.2024. Наличие в арсенале практического врача двух форм витаминно-минерального комплекса Селцинк® на амбулаторно-поликлиническом этапе оказания медицинской помощи позволит повысить эффективность неспецифической профилактики ОРВИ в предэпидемический период, особенно у «часто болеющих ОРВИ взрослых», а также лечения ОРВИ в качестве адъювантной терапии и последующей реабилитации.
Ключевые слова: острые респираторные вирусные инфекции, грипп, новая коронавирусная инфекция (COVID-19), нутрицевтики, Селцинк®
Keywords: acute respiratory viral infections, influenza, new coronavirus infection (COVID-19), nutraceuticals, Selzinc®
Ключевые слова: острые респираторные вирусные инфекции, грипп, новая коронавирусная инфекция (COVID-19), нутрицевтики, Селцинк®
________________________________________________
Keywords: acute respiratory viral infections, influenza, new coronavirus infection (COVID-19), nutraceuticals, Selzinc®
Полный текст
Список литературы
1. Трухан Д.И., Филимонов С.Н. Дифференциальный диагноз основных пульмонологических симптомов и синдромов. СПб: СпецЛит, 2019. Режим доступа: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=41392166. Ссылка активна на 15.03.2024 [Trukhan DI, Filimonov SN. Differencialnyi diagnoz osnovnyh pul`monologicheskih simptomov i sindromov. Saint-Petersburg: SpeczLit, 2019. Available at: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=41392166/ Accessed: 15.03.2024 (in Russian)].
2. Трухан Д.И., Викторова И.А., Иванова Д.С., Голошубина В.В. Острые респираторные вирусные инфекции: возможности витаминно-минеральных комплексов в лечении, профилактике и реабилитации. Фарматека. 2023;30(1-2):136-45 [Trukhan DI, Viktorova IA, Ivanova DS, Goloshubina VV. Acute respiratory viral infections: possibilities of vitamin and mineral complexes in treatment, prevention and rehabilitation. Farmateka. 2023;30(1-2):136-45 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.18565/ pharmateca.2023.1-2.136-145
3. Клинические рекомендации. Острые респираторные вирусные инфекции (ОРВИ) у взрослых. 2021. Режим доступа: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/recomend/724_1. Ссылка активна на 15.03.2024 [Clinical recommendations. Acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) in adults. Available at: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/recomend/724_1. Accessed: 15.03.2024 (in Russian)].
4. Eccles R. Common cold. Front Allergy. 2023;4:1224988. DOI:10.3389/falgy.2023.1224988
5. Клинические рекомендации. Острая респираторная вирусная инфекция (ОРВИ). 2021. Режим доступа: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/recomend/25_2. Ссылка активна на 15.03.2024 [Clinical recommendations. Acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI). Available at: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/recomend/25_2. Accessed: 15.03.2024 (in Russian)].
6. Трухан Д.И., Тарасова Л.В. Особенности клиники и лечения острых респираторных вирусных инфекций в практике врача-терапевта. Врач. 2014;8:44-7. Режим доступа: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=21905156. Ссылка активна на 15.03.2024 [Trukhan DI, Tarasova LV. Osobennosti kliniki i lecheniia ostrykh respiratornykh virusnykh infekcii v praktike vracha-terapevta. Vrach. 2014;8:44-7. Available at: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=21905156. Accessed: 15.03.2024 (in Russian)].
7. Трухан Д.И., Мазуров А.Л., Речапова Л.А. Острые респираторные вирусные инфекции: актуальные вопросы диагностики, профилактики и лечения в практике терапевта. Терапевтический архив. 2016;11:76-82 [Trukhan DI, Mazurov AL, Rechapova LA. Ostrye respiratornye virusnye infekcii: aktualnye voprosy diagnostiki, profilaktiki i lecheniia v praktike terapevta. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2016;11:76-82 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.17116/terarkh2016881176-82
8. Berger MM, Herter-Aeberli I, Zimmermann MB, et al. Strengthening the immunity of the Swiss population with micronutrients: A narrative review and call for action. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2021;43:39-48. DOI:10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.03.012.
9. Calder PC, Ortega EF, Meydani SN, et al. Nutrition, Immunosenescence, and Infectious Disease: An Overview of the Scientific Evidence on Micronutrients and on Modulation of the Gut Microbiota. Adv Nutr. 2022;13(5):S1-S26. DOI:10.1093/advances/nmac052
10. Eggersdorfer M, Berger MM, Calder PC, et al. Perspective: Role of Micronutrients and Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids for Immune Outcomes of Relevance to Infections in Older Adults-A Narrative Review and Call for Action. Adv Nutr. 2022;13(5):1415-30. DOI:10.1093/advances/nmac058
11. Martinez SS, Huang Y, Acuna L, et al. Role of Selenium in Viral Infections with a Major Focus on SARS-CoV-2. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;23(1):280. DOI:10.3390/ijms23010280
12. Barchielli G, Capperucci A, Tanini D. The Role of Selenium in Pathologies: An Updated Review. Antioxidants (Basel). 2022;11(2):251. DOI:10.3390/antiox11020251
13. Moghaddam A, Heller RA, Sun Q, et al. Selenium Deficiency Is Associated with Mortality Risk from COVID-19. Nutrients. 2020;12(7):2098. DOI:10.3390/nu12072098
14. Bae M, Kim H. Mini-Review on the Roles of Vitamin C, Vitamin D, and Selenium in the Immune System against COVID-19. Molecules. 2020;25(22):5346. DOI:10.3390/molecules25225346
15. Duntas LH, Benvenga S. Selenium: an element for life. Endocrine. 2015;48(3):756-75. DOI:10.1007/s12020-014-0477-6
16. Beck MA, Nelson HK, Shi Q, et al. Selenium deficiency increases the pathology of an influenza virus infection. FASEB J. 2001;15(8):1481-3. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11387264/
17. Taylor EW, Radding W. Understanding selenium and glutathione as antiviral factors in COVID-19: does the viral Mpro protease target host selenoproteins and glutathione synthesis? Front Nutr. 2020;7:143. DOI:10.3389/fnut.2020.00143
18. Khatiwada S, Subedi A. A mechanistic link between selenium and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Curr Nutr Rep. 2021;10(2):125-36. DOI:10.1007/s13668-021-00354-4
19. Avery JC, Hoffmann PR. Selenium, Selenoproteins, and Immunity. Nutrients. 2018;10(9):1203. DOI:10.3390/nu10091203
20. Seale LA, Torres DJ, Berry MJ, Pitts MW. A role for selenium-dependent GPX1 in SARS-CoV-2 virulence. Am J Clin Nutr. 2020;112:447-8. DOI:10.1093/ajcn/nqaa177
21. Laforge M, Elbim C, Frère C, Hémadi M, Massaad C, Nuss P, Benoliel JJ, Becker C. Tissue damage from neutrophil-induced oxidative stress in COVID-19. Nat Rev Immunol. 2020;20(9):515-6. DOI:10.1038/s41577-020-0407-1
22. Tomo S, Saikiran G, Banerjee M, Paul S. Selenium to selenoproteins – role in COVID-19. EXCLI J. 2021;20:781-91. DOI:10.17179/excli2021-3530
23. Schomburg L. Selenium Deficiency in COVID-19-A Possible Long-Lasting Toxic Relationship. Nutrients. 2022;14(2):283. DOI:10.3390/nu14020283
24. Schomburg L. Selenoprotein P – Selenium transport protein, enzyme and biomarker of selenium status. Free Radic Biol Med. 2022;191:150-63. DOI:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.08.022
25. Lima LW, Nardi S, Santoro V, Schiavon M. The Relevance of Plant-Derived Se Compounds to Human Health in the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Pandemic Era. Antioxidants (Basel). 2021;10(7):1031. DOI:10.3390/antiox10071031
26. Im JH, Je YS, Baek J, et al. Nutritional status of patients with COVID-19. Int J Infect Dis. 2020;100:390-3. DOI:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.08.018
27. Younesian O, Khodabakhshi B, Abdolahi N, et al. Decreased Serum Selenium Levels of COVID-19 Patients in Comparison with Healthy Individuals. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2021:1-6. DOI:10.1007/s12011-021-02797-w
28. Rayman MP, Taylor EW, Zhang J. The relevance of selenium to viral disease with special reference to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. Proc Nutr Soc. 2022:1-12. DOI:10.1017/S0029665122002646
29. Kieliszek M, Lipinski B. Selenium supplementation in the prevention of coronavirus infections (COVID-19). Med Hypotheses. 2020;143:109878. DOI:10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109878
30. Liu X, Yin S, Li G. Effects of selenium supplement on acute lower respiratory tract infection caused by respiratory syncytial virus. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 1997;31(6):358-61.
31. Livingstone C. Zinc: physiology, deficiency, and parenteral nutrition. Nutr Clin Pract. 2015;30(3):371-82. DOI:10.1177/0884533615570376
32. Shankar AH, Prasad AS. Zinc and immune function: the biological basis of altered resistance to infection. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998;68(2 Suppl):447S-63S. DOI:10.1093/ajcn/68.2.447S
33. Overbeck S, Rink L, Haase H. Modulating the immune response by oral zinc supplementation: a single approach for multiple diseases. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz). 2008;56(1):15-30. DOI:10.1007/s00005-008-0003-8
34. Wessels I, Maywald M, Rink L. Zinc as a Gatekeeper of Immune Function. Nutrients. 2017;9(12):1286. DOI:10.3390/nu9121286
35. Jarosz M, Olbert M, Wyszogrodzka G, et al. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of zinc. Zinc-dependent NF-kappaB signaling. Inflammopharmacology. 2017;25(1):11-24. DOI:10.1007/s10787-017-0309-4
36. Kirkil G, Hamdi Muz M, Seçkin D, et al. Antioxidant effect of zinc picolinate in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Med. 2008;102(6):840-4. DOI:10.1016/j.rmed.2008.01.010
37. Samad N, Sodunke TE, Abubakar AR, et al. The Implications of Zinc Therapy in Combating the COVID-19 Global Pandemic. J Inflamm Res. 2021;14:527-50. DOI:10.2147/JIR.S295377.
38. Li J, Cao D, Huang Y, et al. Zinc Intakes and Health Outcomes: An Umbrella Review. Front Nutr. 2022;9:798078. DOI:10.3389/fnut.2022.798078
39. Bao S, Knoell DL. Zinc modulates cytokine-induced lung epithelial cell barrier permeability. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2006;291(6):L1132-41. DOI:10.1152/ajplung.00207.2006
40. Vlieg-Boerstra B, de Jong N, Meyer R, et al. Nutrient supplementation for prevention of viral respiratory tract infections in healthy subjects: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Allergy. 2022;77(5):1373-88. DOI:10.1111/all.15136
41. Kaushik N, Subramani C, Anang S, et al. Zinc salts block hepatitis E virus replication by inhibiting the activity of viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. J Virol. 2017;91(21):e00754-17. DOI:10.1128/JVI.00754-17
42. Corrao S, Mallaci Bocchio R, Lo Monaco M, et al. Does Evidence Exist to Blunt Inflammatory Response by Nutraceutical Supplementation during COVID-19 Pandemic? An Overview of Systematic Reviews of Vitamin D, Vitamin C, Melatonin, and Zinc. Nutrients. 2021;13(4):1261. DOI:10.3390/nu13041261
43. Patel O, Chinni V, El-Khoury J, et al. A pilot double-blind safety and feasibility randomized controlled trial of high-dose intravenous zinc in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. J Med Virol. 2021;93(5):3261-7.
44. Scarpellini E, Balsiger LM, Maurizi V, et al. Zinc and gut microbiota in health and gastrointestinal disease under the COVID-19 suggestion. Biofactors. 2022;48(2):294-306. DOI:10.1002/biof.1829
45. Skalny AV, Rink L, Ajsuvakova OP, et al. Zinc and respiratory tract infections: Perspectives for COVID-19 (Review). Int J Mol Med. 2020;46(1):17-26. DOI:10.3892/ijmm.2020.4575.
46. Jothimani D, Kailasam E, Danielraj S, et al. COVID-19: Poor outcomes in patients with zinc deficiency. Int J Infect Dis. 2020;100:343-9. DOI:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.014
47. Wessels I, Rolles B, Rink L. The Potential Impact of Zinc Supplementation on COVID-19. Pathogenesis. Front Immunol. 2020;11:1712. DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2020.01712
48. Tomasa-Irriguible T-M, Bielsa-Berrocal L, Bordejé-Laguna L, et al. Low levels of few micronutrients may impact COVID-19 disease progression: an observational study on the first wave. Metabolites. 2021;11(9):565. DOI:10.3390/metabo11090565
49. Трухан Д.И. Новая коронавирусная инфекция (COVID-19) и заболевания/патологические состояния органов дыхания. Медицинский совет. 2022;16(18):154-61. [Trukhan DI. New coronavirus infection (COVID-19) and respiratory diseases/pathological conditions. Medical Council. 2022;16(18):154-61 (in Russian)].
DOI:10.21518/2079-701X-2022-16-18-154-161
50. Rahman MT, Idid SZ. Can Zn Be a Critical Element in COVID-19 Treatment? Biol Trace Elem Res. 2021;199(2):550-8. DOI:10.1007/s12011-020-02194-9
51. de Almeida Brasiel PG. The key role of zinc in elderly immunity: A possible approach in the COVID-19 crisis. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2020;38:65-6. DOI:10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.06.003
52. Hunter J, Arentz S, Goldenberg J, et al. Zinc for the prevention or treatment of acute viral respiratory tract infections in adults: a rapid systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ Open. 2021;11(11):e047474. DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047474
53. Engin AB, Engin ED, Engin A. Can iron, zinc, copper and selenium status be a prognostic determinant in COVID-19 patients? Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2022;95:103937. DOI:10.1016/j.etap.2022.103937
54. Alexander J, Tinkov A, Strand TA, et al. Early Nutritional Interventions with Zinc, Selenium and Vitamin D for Raising Anti-Viral Resistance Against Progressive COVID-19. Nutrients. 2020;12(8):2358. DOI:10.3390/nu12082358
55. Huang Z, Liu Y, Qi G, et al. Role of vitamin A in the immune system. J Clin Med. 2018;7(9):258. DOI:10.3390/jcm7090258
56. Stephensen CB, Lietz G. Vitamin A in resistance to and recovery from infection: relevance to SARS-CoV2. Br J Nutr. 2021;126(11):1663-72. DOI:10.1017/S0007114521000246
57. Elmadfa I, Meyer AL. The role of the status of selected micronutrients in shaping the immune function. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2019;19:1100-15. DOI:10.2174/1871530319666190529101816
58. Tepasse PR, Vollenberg R, Fobker M, et al. Vitamin A Plasma Levels in COVID-19 Patients: A Prospective Multicenter Study and Hypothesis. Nutrients. 2021;13(7):2173. DOI:10.3390/nu13072173
59. Carvalho MCDC, Araujo JKCP, da Silva AGCL, et al. Retinol Levels and Severity of Patients with COVID-19. Nutrients. 2023;15(21):4642. DOI:10.3390/nu15214642
60. Zhang Y, Du Z, Ma W, et al. Vitamin A status and recurrent respiratory infection among Chinese children: a nationally representative survey. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2020;29:566-76. DOI:10.6133/apjcn.202009_29(3).0016
61. Abdelkader A, Wahba AA, El-Tonsy M, et al. Recurrent respiratory infections and vitamin A levels: a link? It is cross-sectional. Medicine (Baltimore). 2022;101(33):e30108. DOI:10.1097/MD.0000000000030108
62. Iddir M, Brito A, Dingeo G, et al. Strengthening the Immune System and Reducing Inflammation and Oxidative Stress through Diet and Nutrition: Considerations during the COVID-19 Crisis. Nutrients. 2020;12(6):1562. DOI:10.3390/nu12061562
63. Ebrahimzadeh-Attari V, Panahi G, Hebert JR, et al. Nutritional approach for increasing public health during pandemic of COVID-19: A comprehensive review of antiviral nutrients and nutraceuticals. Health Promot Perspect. 2021;11(2):119-36. DOI:10.34172/hpp.2021.17
64. Tavakol S, Seifalian AM. Vitamin E at a high dose as an anti-ferroptosis drug and not just a supplement for COVID-19 treatment. Biotechnol Appl Biochem. 2022;69(3):1058-60. DOI:10.1002/bab.2176
65. Lai YJ, Chang HS, Yang YP, et al. The role of micronutrient and immunomodulation effect in the vaccine era of COVID-19. J Chin Med Assoc. 2021;84(9):821-6. DOI:10.1097/JCMA.0000000000000587
66. Meydani SN, Leka LS, Fine BC, et al. Vitamin E and respiratory tract infections in elderly nursing home residents: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2004;292:828-36. DOI:10.1001/jama.292.7.828
67. Figueroa-Méndez R, Rivas-Arancibia S. Vitamin C in health and disease: its role in the metabolism of cells and redox state in the brain. Front Physiol. 2015;6:397. DOI:10.3389/fphys.2015.00397
68. Abioye AI, Bromage S, Fawzi W. Effect of micronutrient supplements on influenza and other respiratory tract infections among adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Glob Health. 2021;6(1):e003176. DOI:10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003176
69. Van Straten M, Josling P. Preventing the common cold with a vitamin C supplement: a double-blind, placebo-controlled survey. Adv Ther. 2002;19:151-9. DOI:10.1007/BF02850271
70. Johnston CS, Barkyoumb GM, Schumacher SS. Vitamin C supplementation slightly improves physical activity levels and reduces cold incidence in men with marginal vitamin C status: a randomized controlled trial. Nutrients. 2014;6:2572-83. DOI:10.3390/nu6072572
71. Kim TK, Lim HR, Byun JS. Vitamin C supplementation reduces the odds of developing a common cold in Republic of Korea Army recruits: randomised controlled trial. BMJ Mil Health. 2022;168:117-23. DOI:10.1136/bmjmilitary-2019-001384
72. Swain RA, Kaplan B. Upper respiratory infections: treatment selection for active patients. Phys Sportsmed. 1998;26(2):85-96. DOI:10.3810/psm.1998.02.944
73. Khaw KT, Woodhouse P. Interrelation of vitamin C, infection, haemostatic factors, and cardiovascular disease. BMJ. 1995;310(6994):1559-63. DOI:10.1136/bmj.310.6994.1559
74. Schloss J, Lauche R, Harnett J, et al. Efficacy and safety of vitamin C in the management of acute respiratory infection and disease: A rapid review. Adv Integr Med. 2020;7(4):187-91. DOI:10.1016/j.aimed.2020.07.008
75. Ran L, Zhao W, Wang J, et al. Extra Dose of Vitamin C Based on a Daily Supplementation Shortens the Common Cold: A Meta-Analysis of 9 Randomized Controlled Trials. Biomed Res Int. 2018;2018:1837634. DOI:10.1155/2018/1837634
76. Hemilä H, Chalker E. Vitamin C reduces the severity of common colds: a meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. 2023;23(1):2468. DOI:10.1186/s12889-023-17229-8
77. Abobaker A, Alzwi A, Alraied AHA. Overview of the possible role of vitamin C in management of COVID-19. Pharmacol Rep. 2020;72(6):1517-28. DOI:10.1007/s43440-020-00176-1
78. Uddin MS, Millat MS, Baral PK, et al. The protective role of vitamin C in the management of COVID-19: A Review. J Egypt Public Health Assoc. 2021;96(1):33.
DOI:10.1186/s42506-021-00095-w
79. Calder PC. Nutrition, immunity and COVID-19. BMJ Nutr Prev Health. 20203(1):74-92. DOI:10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000085
80. Shakoor H, Feehan J, Al Dhaheri AS, et al. Immune-boosting role of vitamins D, C, E, zinc, selenium and omega-3 fatty acids: Could they help against COVID-19? Maturitas. 2021;143:1-9. DOI:10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.08.003
81. Kumar P, Kumar M, Bedi O, et al. Role of vitamins and minerals as immunity boosters in COVID-19. Inflammopharmacology. 2021:1-16. DOI:10.1007/s10787-021-00826-7
82. Galmés S, Serra F, Palou A. Current State of Evidence: Influence of Nutritional and Nutrigenetic Factors on Immunity in the COVID-19 Pandemic Framework. Nutrients. 2020;12(9):2738. DOI:10.3390/nu12092738
83. Cámara M, Sánchez-Mata MC, Fernández-Ruiz V, et al. A Review of the Role of Micronutrients and Bioactive Compounds on Immune System Supporting to Fight against the
COVID-19 Disease. Foods. 2021;10(5):1088. DOI:10.3390/foods10051088
84. Dharmalingam K, Birdi A, Tomo S, et al. Trace Elements as Immunoregulators in SARS-CoV-2 and Other Viral Infections. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2021:1-11.
DOI:10.1007/s12291-021-00961-6
85. Calder PC, Carr AC, Gombart AF, Eggersdorfer M. Optimal Nutritional Status for a Well-Functioning Immune System Is an Important Factor to Protect against Viral Infections. Nutrients. 2020;12(4):1181. DOI:10.3390/nu12041181
86. Alkhatib A. Antiviral Functional Foods and Exercise Lifestyle Prevention of Coronavirus. Nutrients. 2020;12(9):2633. DOI:10.3390/nu12092633
87. Pecora F, Persico F, Argentiero A, et al. The Role of Micronutrients in Support of the Immune Response against Viral Infections. Nutrients. 2020;12(10):3198. DOI:10.3390/nu12103198
88. Jayawardena R, Sooriyaarachchi P, Chourdakis M, et al. Enhancing immunity in viral infections, with special emphasis on COVID-19: A review. Diabetes Metab Syndr.
2020;14(4):367-82. DOI:10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.015
89. Di Renzo L, Gualtieri P, Pivari F, et al. COVID-19: Is there a role for immunonutrition in obese patient? J Transl Med. 2020;18(1):415. DOI:10.1186/s12967-020-02594-4
90. Zelka FZ, Kocatürk RR, Özcan ÖÖ, Karahan M. Can Nutritional Supports Beneficial in Other Viral Diseases Be Favorable for COVID-19? Korean J Fam Med. 2022;43(1):3-15. DOI:10.4082/kjfm.20.0134
91. Гриневич В.Б., Губонина И.В., Дощицин В.Л., и др. Особенности ведения коморбидных пациентов в период пандемии новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19). Национальный Консенсус 2020. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2020;19(4):2630 [Grinevich VB, Gubonina IV, Doshhicin VL, et al. Osobennosti vedeniia komorbidnyh patcientov v period pandemii novoi koronavirusnoi infekcii (COVID-19). Natcionalnyi Konsensus 2020. Kardiovaskuliarnaia terapiya i profilaktika. 2020;19(4):2630 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.15829/1728-8800-2020-2630
92. Трухан Д.И., Давыдов Е.Л. Место и роль терапевта и врача общей практики в курации коморбидных пациентов в период пандемии новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19): акцент на неспецифическую профилактику. Фарматека. 2021;10:34-45 [Trukhan DI, Davydov EL. The place and role of a therapist and general practitioner in the management of comorbid patients during the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19): an emphasis on non-specific prevention. Farmateka. 2021;28(10):34-45 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.18565/pharmateca.2021.10.34-45
93. Трухан Д.И., Давыдов Е.Л., Чусова Н.А., Чусов И.С. Возможности терапевта в профилактике и на реабилитационном этапе после новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19) коморбидных пациентов с артериальной гипертензией. Клинический разбор в общей медицине. 2021;5:6-15 [Trukhan DI, Davydov EL, Chusova NA, Chusov IS. Opportunities of the therapist in prevention and at the rehabilitation stage after new coronaviral infection (COVID-19) in comorbid patients with arterial hypertension. Clinical review for general practice. 2021;5:6-15 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.47407/kr2021.2.5.00064
94. Трухан Д.И., Давыдов Е.Л., Чусова Н.А. Нутрицевтики в профилактике, лечении и на этапе реабилитации после новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19). Клинический разбор в общей медицине. 2021;7:21-34 [Trukhan DI, Davydov EL, Chusova NA. Nutriceutics in prevention, treatment and at the stage of rehabilitation after new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Clinical review for general practice. 2021;7:21-34 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.47407/kr2021.2.7.00085
95. Трухан Д.И., Турутина Н.М. Витаминно-минеральные комплексы в лечении острых респираторных вирусных инфекций. Клинический разбор в общей медицине. 2022;6:52-60 [Trukhan DI, Turutina NM. Vitamin and mineral complexes in the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections. Clinical review for general practice. 2022;6:52-60 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.47407/kr2022.3.6.00177
96. Попова Е.Н., Пономарева Л.А., Чинова А.А., Андрианов А.И. Комплексный подход к терапии острых респираторных вирусных инфекций. Клинический разбор в общей медицине. 2023;4(8):42-5 [Popova EN, Ponomareva LA, Chinova AA, Andrianov AI. Multifaceted approach to treatment of acute respiratory viral infections. Clinical review for general practice. 2023;4(8):42-5 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.47407/kr2023.4.8.00330
97. Попова Е.Н., Митькина М.И., Чинова А.А., Пономарева Л.А. Роль витаминов и микроэлементов в профилактике и лечении бронхолегочных заболеваний у взрослых. Клинический разбор в общей медицине. 2023;4(2):36-42 [Popova EN, Mitkina MI, Chinova AA, Ponomareva LA. The role of vitamins and minerals in prevention and treatment of bronchopulmonary diseases in adults. Clinical review for general practice. 2023;4(2):36-42 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.47407/kr2023.4.2.00202
98. Трухан Д.И., Рожкова М.Ю., Иванова Д.С., Голошубина В.В. Сезон простуд: возможности витаминно-минеральных комплексов в профилактике и лечении острых респираторных вирусных инфекций. Фарматека. 2024;31(1):138-48 [Trukhan DI, Rozhkova MYu, Ivanova DS., Goloshubina VV. Cold season: the potential of vitamin-mineral complexes in the prevention and treatment of acute respiratory viral infections. Farmateka. 2024;31(1):138-48 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.18565/pharmateca.2024.1.138-148
99. Трухан Д.И. Коморбидный пациент на терапевтическом приеме в период пандемии COVID-19. Актуальные аспекты реабилитационного периода. Фарматека. 2022;29(13):15-24 [Trukhan DI. A comorbid patient at a therapeutic reception during the COVID-19 pandemic. current aspects of the rehabilitation period. Farmateka. 2022;29(13):15-24 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.18565/pharmateca.2022.13.15-24
100. Трухан Д.И., Иванова Д.С. Витаминно-минеральные комплексы в профилактике, лечении и на этапе реабилитации после острых респираторных вирусных инфекций и новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19). Клинический разбор в общей медицине. 2022;5:33-46 [Trukhan DI, Ivanova DS. Vitamin and mineral complexes in prevention, treatment and rehabilitation after acute respiratory viral infections and new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Clinical review for general practice. 2022;5:33-46 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.47407/kr2022.3.5.00160
101. Симаненков В.И., Маев И.В., Ткачева О.Н. и др. Синдром повышенной эпителиальной проницаемости в клинической практике. Мультидисциплинарный национальный консенсус. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2021;20(1):2758. [Simanenkov VI, Maev IV, Tkacheva ON, et al. Syndrome of increased epithelial permeability in clinical practice. Multidisciplinary National Consensus. Kardiovaskulyarnaya terapiya i profilaktika. 2021;20(1):2758 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.15829/1728-8800-2021-2758
102. Majewski S, Piotrowski W. Pulmonary manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease. Arch Med Sci. 2015;11(6):1179-88. DOI:10.5114/aoms.2015.56343.
103. Keely S, Talley NJ, Hansbro PM. Pulmonary-intestinal cross-talk in mucosal inflammatory disease. Mucosal Immunol. 2012;5:7-18. DOI:10.1038/mi.2011.55.
104. Трухан Д.И., Иванова Д.С. Роль и место синдрома повышенной эпителиальной проницаемости в развитии сердечно-сосудистых и бронхолегочных заболеваний: теоретические и практические аспекты применения ребамипида. Фарматека. 2021;28(5):115-26. [Trukhan DI, Ivanova DS. Role and location of increased epithelial permeability syndrome in the development of cardiovascular and bronchopulum diseases: theoretical and practical aspects of application of rebamipide. Farmateka. 021;28(5):115-26 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.18565/ pharmateca.2021.5.115-126
2. Trukhan DI, Viktorova IA, Ivanova DS, Goloshubina VV. Acute respiratory viral infections: possibilities of vitamin and mineral complexes in treatment, prevention and rehabilitation. Farmateka. 2023;30(1-2):136-45 (in Russian). DOI:10.18565/ pharmateca.2023.1-2.136-145
3. Clinical recommendations. Acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) in adults. Available at: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/recomend/724_1. Accessed: 15.03.2024 (in Russian).
4. Eccles R. Common cold. Front Allergy. 2023;4:1224988. DOI:10.3389/falgy.2023.1224988
5. Clinical recommendations. Acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI). Available at: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/recomend/25_2. Accessed: 15.03.2024 (in Russian).
6. Trukhan DI, Tarasova LV. Osobennosti kliniki i lecheniia ostrykh respiratornykh virusnykh infekcii v praktike vracha-terapevta. Vrach. 2014;8:44-7. Available at: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=21905156. Accessed: 15.03.2024 (in Russian).
7. Trukhan DI, Mazurov AL, Rechapova LA. Ostrye respiratornye virusnye infekcii: aktualnye voprosy diagnostiki, profilaktiki i lecheniia v praktike terapevta. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2016;11:76-82 (in Russian). DOI:10.17116/terarkh2016881176-82
8. Berger MM, Herter-Aeberli I, Zimmermann MB, et al. Strengthening the immunity of the Swiss population with micronutrients: A narrative review and call for action. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2021;43:39-48. DOI:10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.03.012.
9. Calder PC, Ortega EF, Meydani SN, et al. Nutrition, Immunosenescence, and Infectious Disease: An Overview of the Scientific Evidence on Micronutrients and on Modulation of the Gut Microbiota. Adv Nutr. 2022;13(5):S1-S26. DOI:10.1093/advances/nmac052
10. Eggersdorfer M, Berger MM, Calder PC, et al. Perspective: Role of Micronutrients and Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids for Immune Outcomes of Relevance to Infections in Older Adults-A Narrative Review and Call for Action. Adv Nutr. 2022;13(5):1415-30. DOI:10.1093/advances/nmac058
11. Martinez SS, Huang Y, Acuna L, et al. Role of Selenium in Viral Infections with a Major Focus on SARS-CoV-2. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;23(1):280. DOI:10.3390/ijms23010280
12. Barchielli G, Capperucci A, Tanini D. The Role of Selenium in Pathologies: An Updated Review. Antioxidants (Basel). 2022;11(2):251. DOI:10.3390/antiox11020251
13. Moghaddam A, Heller RA, Sun Q, et al. Selenium Deficiency Is Associated with Mortality Risk from COVID-19. Nutrients. 2020;12(7):2098. DOI:10.3390/nu12072098
14. Bae M, Kim H. Mini-Review on the Roles of Vitamin C, Vitamin D, and Selenium in the Immune System against COVID-19. Molecules. 2020;25(22):5346. DOI:10.3390/molecules25225346
15. Duntas LH, Benvenga S. Selenium: an element for life. Endocrine. 2015;48(3):756-75. DOI:10.1007/s12020-014-0477-6
16. Beck MA, Nelson HK, Shi Q, et al. Selenium deficiency increases the pathology of an influenza virus infection. FASEB J. 2001;15(8):1481-3. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11387264/
17. Taylor EW, Radding W. Understanding selenium and glutathione as antiviral factors in COVID-19: does the viral Mpro protease target host selenoproteins and glutathione synthesis? Front Nutr. 2020;7:143. DOI:10.3389/fnut.2020.00143
18. Khatiwada S, Subedi A. A mechanistic link between selenium and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Curr Nutr Rep. 2021;10(2):125-36. DOI:10.1007/s13668-021-00354-4
19. Avery JC, Hoffmann PR. Selenium, Selenoproteins, and Immunity. Nutrients. 2018;10(9):1203. DOI:10.3390/nu10091203
20. Seale LA, Torres DJ, Berry MJ, Pitts MW. A role for selenium-dependent GPX1 in SARS-CoV-2 virulence. Am J Clin Nutr. 2020;112:447-8. DOI:10.1093/ajcn/nqaa177
21. Laforge M, Elbim C, Frère C, Hémadi M, Massaad C, Nuss P, Benoliel JJ, Becker C. Tissue damage from neutrophil-induced oxidative stress in COVID-19. Nat Rev Immunol. 2020;20(9):515-6. DOI:10.1038/s41577-020-0407-1
22. Tomo S, Saikiran G, Banerjee M, Paul S. Selenium to selenoproteins – role in COVID-19. EXCLI J. 2021;20:781-91. DOI:10.17179/excli2021-3530
23. Schomburg L. Selenium Deficiency in COVID-19-A Possible Long-Lasting Toxic Relationship. Nutrients. 2022;14(2):283. DOI:10.3390/nu14020283
24. Schomburg L. Selenoprotein P – Selenium transport protein, enzyme and biomarker of selenium status. Free Radic Biol Med. 2022;191:150-63. DOI:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.08.022
25. Lima LW, Nardi S, Santoro V, Schiavon M. The Relevance of Plant-Derived Se Compounds to Human Health in the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Pandemic Era. Antioxidants (Basel). 2021;10(7):1031. DOI:10.3390/antiox10071031
26. Im JH, Je YS, Baek J, et al. Nutritional status of patients with COVID-19. Int J Infect Dis. 2020;100:390-3. DOI:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.08.018
27. Younesian O, Khodabakhshi B, Abdolahi N, et al. Decreased Serum Selenium Levels of COVID-19 Patients in Comparison with Healthy Individuals. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2021:1-6. DOI:10.1007/s12011-021-02797-w
28. Rayman MP, Taylor EW, Zhang J. The relevance of selenium to viral disease with special reference to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. Proc Nutr Soc. 2022:1-12. DOI:10.1017/S0029665122002646
29. Kieliszek M, Lipinski B. Selenium supplementation in the prevention of coronavirus infections (COVID-19). Med Hypotheses. 2020;143:109878. DOI:10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109878
30. Liu X, Yin S, Li G. Effects of selenium supplement on acute lower respiratory tract infection caused by respiratory syncytial virus. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 1997;31(6):358-61.
31. Livingstone C. Zinc: physiology, deficiency, and parenteral nutrition. Nutr Clin Pract. 2015;30(3):371-82. DOI:10.1177/0884533615570376
32. Shankar AH, Prasad AS. Zinc and immune function: the biological basis of altered resistance to infection. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998;68(2 Suppl):447S-63S. DOI:10.1093/ajcn/68.2.447S
33. Overbeck S, Rink L, Haase H. Modulating the immune response by oral zinc supplementation: a single approach for multiple diseases. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz). 2008;56(1):15-30. DOI:10.1007/s00005-008-0003-8
34. Wessels I, Maywald M, Rink L. Zinc as a Gatekeeper of Immune Function. Nutrients. 2017;9(12):1286. DOI:10.3390/nu9121286
35. Jarosz M, Olbert M, Wyszogrodzka G, et al. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of zinc. Zinc-dependent NF-kappaB signaling. Inflammopharmacology. 2017;25(1):11-24. DOI:10.1007/s10787-017-0309-4
36. Kirkil G, Hamdi Muz M, Seçkin D, et al. Antioxidant effect of zinc picolinate in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Med. 2008;102(6):840-4. DOI:10.1016/j.rmed.2008.01.010
37. Samad N, Sodunke TE, Abubakar AR, et al. The Implications of Zinc Therapy in Combating the COVID-19 Global Pandemic. J Inflamm Res. 2021;14:527-50. DOI:10.2147/JIR.S295377.
38. Li J, Cao D, Huang Y, et al. Zinc Intakes and Health Outcomes: An Umbrella Review. Front Nutr. 2022;9:798078. DOI:10.3389/fnut.2022.798078
39. Bao S, Knoell DL. Zinc modulates cytokine-induced lung epithelial cell barrier permeability. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2006;291(6):L1132-41. DOI:10.1152/ajplung.00207.2006
40. Vlieg-Boerstra B, de Jong N, Meyer R, et al. Nutrient supplementation for prevention of viral respiratory tract infections in healthy subjects: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Allergy. 2022;77(5):1373-88. DOI:10.1111/all.15136
41. Kaushik N, Subramani C, Anang S, et al. Zinc salts block hepatitis E virus replication by inhibiting the activity of viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. J Virol. 2017;91(21):e00754-17. DOI:10.1128/JVI.00754-17
42. Corrao S, Mallaci Bocchio R, Lo Monaco M, et al. Does Evidence Exist to Blunt Inflammatory Response by Nutraceutical Supplementation during COVID-19 Pandemic? An Overview of Systematic Reviews of Vitamin D, Vitamin C, Melatonin, and Zinc. Nutrients. 2021;13(4):1261. DOI:10.3390/nu13041261
43. Patel O, Chinni V, El-Khoury J, et al. A pilot double-blind safety and feasibility randomized controlled trial of high-dose intravenous zinc in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. J Med Virol. 2021;93(5):3261-7.
44. Scarpellini E, Balsiger LM, Maurizi V, et al. Zinc and gut microbiota in health and gastrointestinal disease under the COVID-19 suggestion. Biofactors. 2022;48(2):294-306. DOI:10.1002/biof.1829
45. Skalny AV, Rink L, Ajsuvakova OP, et al. Zinc and respiratory tract infections: Perspectives for COVID-19 (Review). Int J Mol Med. 2020;46(1):17-26. DOI:10.3892/ijmm.2020.4575.
46. Jothimani D, Kailasam E, Danielraj S, et al. COVID-19: Poor outcomes in patients with zinc deficiency. Int J Infect Dis. 2020;100:343-9. DOI:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.014
47. Wessels I, Rolles B, Rink L. The Potential Impact of Zinc Supplementation on COVID-19. Pathogenesis. Front Immunol. 2020;11:1712. DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2020.01712
48. Tomasa-Irriguible T-M, Bielsa-Berrocal L, Bordejé-Laguna L, et al. Low levels of few micronutrients may impact COVID-19 disease progression: an observational study on the first wave. Metabolites. 2021;11(9):565. DOI:10.3390/metabo11090565
49. Trukhan DI. New coronavirus infection (COVID-19) and respiratory diseases/pathological conditions. Medical Council. 2022;16(18):154-61 (in Russian).
DOI:10.21518/2079-701X-2022-16-18-154-161
50. Rahman MT, Idid SZ. Can Zn Be a Critical Element in COVID-19 Treatment? Biol Trace Elem Res. 2021;199(2):550-8. DOI:10.1007/s12011-020-02194-9
51. de Almeida Brasiel PG. The key role of zinc in elderly immunity: A possible approach in the COVID-19 crisis. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2020;38:65-6. DOI:10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.06.003
52. Hunter J, Arentz S, Goldenberg J, et al. Zinc for the prevention or treatment of acute viral respiratory tract infections in adults: a rapid systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ Open. 2021;11(11):e047474. DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047474
53. Engin AB, Engin ED, Engin A. Can iron, zinc, copper and selenium status be a prognostic determinant in COVID-19 patients? Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2022;95:103937. DOI:10.1016/j.etap.2022.103937
54. Alexander J, Tinkov A, Strand TA, et al. Early Nutritional Interventions with Zinc, Selenium and Vitamin D for Raising Anti-Viral Resistance Against Progressive COVID-19. Nutrients. 2020;12(8):2358. DOI:10.3390/nu12082358
55. Huang Z, Liu Y, Qi G, et al. Role of vitamin A in the immune system. J Clin Med. 2018;7(9):258. DOI:10.3390/jcm7090258
56. Stephensen CB, Lietz G. Vitamin A in resistance to and recovery from infection: relevance to SARS-CoV2. Br J Nutr. 2021;126(11):1663-72. DOI:10.1017/S0007114521000246
57. Elmadfa I, Meyer AL. The role of the status of selected micronutrients in shaping the immune function. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2019;19:1100-15. DOI:10.2174/1871530319666190529101816
58. Tepasse PR, Vollenberg R, Fobker M, et al. Vitamin A Plasma Levels in COVID-19 Patients: A Prospective Multicenter Study and Hypothesis. Nutrients. 2021;13(7):2173. DOI:10.3390/nu13072173
59. Carvalho MCDC, Araujo JKCP, da Silva AGCL, et al. Retinol Levels and Severity of Patients with COVID-19. Nutrients. 2023;15(21):4642. DOI:10.3390/nu15214642
60. Zhang Y, Du Z, Ma W, et al. Vitamin A status and recurrent respiratory infection among Chinese children: a nationally representative survey. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2020;29:566-76. DOI:10.6133/apjcn.202009_29(3).0016
61. Abdelkader A, Wahba AA, El-Tonsy M, et al. Recurrent respiratory infections and vitamin A levels: a link? It is cross-sectional. Medicine (Baltimore). 2022;101(33):e30108. DOI:10.1097/MD.0000000000030108
62. Iddir M, Brito A, Dingeo G, et al. Strengthening the Immune System and Reducing Inflammation and Oxidative Stress through Diet and Nutrition: Considerations during the COVID-19 Crisis. Nutrients. 2020;12(6):1562. DOI:10.3390/nu12061562
63. Ebrahimzadeh-Attari V, Panahi G, Hebert JR, et al. Nutritional approach for increasing public health during pandemic of COVID-19: A comprehensive review of antiviral nutrients and nutraceuticals. Health Promot Perspect. 2021;11(2):119-36. DOI:10.34172/hpp.2021.17
64. Tavakol S, Seifalian AM. Vitamin E at a high dose as an anti-ferroptosis drug and not just a supplement for COVID-19 treatment. Biotechnol Appl Biochem. 2022;69(3):1058-60. DOI:10.1002/bab.2176
65. Lai YJ, Chang HS, Yang YP, et al. The role of micronutrient and immunomodulation effect in the vaccine era of COVID-19. J Chin Med Assoc. 2021;84(9):821-6. DOI:10.1097/JCMA.0000000000000587
66. Meydani SN, Leka LS, Fine BC, et al. Vitamin E and respiratory tract infections in elderly nursing home residents: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2004;292:828-36. DOI:10.1001/jama.292.7.828
67. Figueroa-Méndez R, Rivas-Arancibia S. Vitamin C in health and disease: its role in the metabolism of cells and redox state in the brain. Front Physiol. 2015;6:397. DOI:10.3389/fphys.2015.00397
68. Abioye AI, Bromage S, Fawzi W. Effect of micronutrient supplements on influenza and other respiratory tract infections among adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Glob Health. 2021;6(1):e003176. DOI:10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003176
69. Van Straten M, Josling P. Preventing the common cold with a vitamin C supplement: a double-blind, placebo-controlled survey. Adv Ther. 2002;19:151-9. DOI:10.1007/BF02850271
70. Johnston CS, Barkyoumb GM, Schumacher SS. Vitamin C supplementation slightly improves physical activity levels and reduces cold incidence in men with marginal vitamin C status: a randomized controlled trial. Nutrients. 2014;6:2572-83. DOI:10.3390/nu6072572
71. Kim TK, Lim HR, Byun JS. Vitamin C supplementation reduces the odds of developing a common cold in Republic of Korea Army recruits: randomised controlled trial. BMJ Mil Health. 2022;168:117-23. DOI:10.1136/bmjmilitary-2019-001384
72. Swain RA, Kaplan B. Upper respiratory infections: treatment selection for active patients. Phys Sportsmed. 1998;26(2):85-96. DOI:10.3810/psm.1998.02.944
73. Khaw KT, Woodhouse P. Interrelation of vitamin C, infection, haemostatic factors, and cardiovascular disease. BMJ. 1995;310(6994):1559-63. DOI:10.1136/bmj.310.6994.1559
74. Schloss J, Lauche R, Harnett J, et al. Efficacy and safety of vitamin C in the management of acute respiratory infection and disease: A rapid review. Adv Integr Med. 2020;7(4):187-91. DOI:10.1016/j.aimed.2020.07.008
75. Ran L, Zhao W, Wang J, et al. Extra Dose of Vitamin C Based on a Daily Supplementation Shortens the Common Cold: A Meta-Analysis of 9 Randomized Controlled Trials. Biomed Res Int. 2018;2018:1837634. DOI:10.1155/2018/1837634
76. Hemilä H, Chalker E. Vitamin C reduces the severity of common colds: a meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. 2023;23(1):2468. DOI:10.1186/s12889-023-17229-8
77. Abobaker A, Alzwi A, Alraied AHA. Overview of the possible role of vitamin C in management of COVID-19. Pharmacol Rep. 2020;72(6):1517-28. DOI:10.1007/s43440-020-00176-1
78. Uddin MS, Millat MS, Baral PK, et al. The protective role of vitamin C in the management of COVID-19: A Review. J Egypt Public Health Assoc. 2021;96(1):33.
DOI:10.1186/s42506-021-00095-w
79. Calder PC. Nutrition, immunity and COVID-19. BMJ Nutr Prev Health. 20203(1):74-92. DOI:10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000085
80. Shakoor H, Feehan J, Al Dhaheri AS, et al. Immune-boosting role of vitamins D, C, E, zinc, selenium and omega-3 fatty acids: Could they help against COVID-19? Maturitas. 2021;143:1-9. DOI:10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.08.003
81. Kumar P, Kumar M, Bedi O, et al. Role of vitamins and minerals as immunity boosters in COVID-19. Inflammopharmacology. 2021:1-16. DOI:10.1007/s10787-021-00826-7
82. Galmés S, Serra F, Palou A. Current State of Evidence: Influence of Nutritional and Nutrigenetic Factors on Immunity in the COVID-19 Pandemic Framework. Nutrients. 2020;12(9):2738. DOI:10.3390/nu12092738
83. Cámara M, Sánchez-Mata MC, Fernández-Ruiz V, et al. A Review of the Role of Micronutrients and Bioactive Compounds on Immune System Supporting to Fight against the
COVID-19 Disease. Foods. 2021;10(5):1088. DOI:10.3390/foods10051088
84. Dharmalingam K, Birdi A, Tomo S, et al. Trace Elements as Immunoregulators in SARS-CoV-2 and Other Viral Infections. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2021:1-11.
DOI:10.1007/s12291-021-00961-6
85. Calder PC, Carr AC, Gombart AF, Eggersdorfer M. Optimal Nutritional Status for a Well-Functioning Immune System Is an Important Factor to Protect against Viral Infections. Nutrients. 2020;12(4):1181. DOI:10.3390/nu12041181
86. Alkhatib A. Antiviral Functional Foods and Exercise Lifestyle Prevention of Coronavirus. Nutrients. 2020;12(9):2633. DOI:10.3390/nu12092633
87. Pecora F, Persico F, Argentiero A, et al. The Role of Micronutrients in Support of the Immune Response against Viral Infections. Nutrients. 2020;12(10):3198. DOI:10.3390/nu12103198
88. Jayawardena R, Sooriyaarachchi P, Chourdakis M, et al. Enhancing immunity in viral infections, with special emphasis on COVID-19: A review. Diabetes Metab Syndr.
2020;14(4):367-82. DOI:10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.015
89. Di Renzo L, Gualtieri P, Pivari F, et al. COVID-19: Is there a role for immunonutrition in obese patient? J Transl Med. 2020;18(1):415. DOI:10.1186/s12967-020-02594-4
90. Zelka FZ, Kocatürk RR, Özcan ÖÖ, Karahan M. Can Nutritional Supports Beneficial in Other Viral Diseases Be Favorable for COVID-19? Korean J Fam Med. 2022;43(1):3-15. DOI:10.4082/kjfm.20.0134
91. Grinevich VB, Gubonina IV, Doshhicin VL, et al. Osobennosti vedeniia komorbidnyh patcientov v period pandemii novoi koronavirusnoi infekcii (COVID-19). Natcionalnyi Konsensus 2020. Kardiovaskuliarnaia terapiya i profilaktika. 2020;19(4):2630 (in Russian). DOI:10.15829/1728-8800-2020-2630
92. Trukhan DI, Davydov EL. The place and role of a therapist and general practitioner in the management of comorbid patients during the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19): an emphasis on non-specific prevention. Farmateka. 2021;28(10):34-45 (in Russian). DOI:10.18565/pharmateca.2021.10.34-45
93. Trukhan DI, Davydov EL, Chusova NA, Chusov IS. Opportunities of the therapist in prevention and at the rehabilitation stage after new coronaviral infection (COVID-19) in comorbid patients with arterial hypertension. Clinical review for general practice. 2021;5:6-15 (in Russian). DOI:10.47407/kr2021.2.5.00064
94. Trukhan DI, Davydov EL, Chusova NA. Nutriceutics in prevention, treatment and at the stage of rehabilitation after new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Clinical review for general practice. 2021;7:21-34 (in Russian). DOI:10.47407/kr2021.2.7.00085
95. Trukhan DI, Turutina NM. Vitamin and mineral complexes in the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections. Clinical review for general practice. 2022;6:52-60 (in Russian). DOI:10.47407/kr2022.3.6.00177
96. Popova EN, Ponomareva LA, Chinova AA, Andrianov AI. Multifaceted approach to treatment of acute respiratory viral infections. Clinical review for general practice. 2023;4(8):42-5 (in Russian). DOI:10.47407/kr2023.4.8.00330
97. Popova EN, Mitkina MI, Chinova AA, Ponomareva LA. The role of vitamins and minerals in prevention and treatment of bronchopulmonary diseases in adults. Clinical review for general practice. 2023;4(2):36-42 (in Russian). DOI:10.47407/kr2023.4.2.00202
98. Trukhan DI, Rozhkova MYu, Ivanova DS., Goloshubina VV. Cold season: the potential of vitamin-mineral complexes in the prevention and treatment of acute respiratory viral infections. Farmateka. 2024;31(1):138-48 (in Russian). DOI:10.18565/pharmateca.2024.1.138-148
99. Trukhan DI. A comorbid patient at a therapeutic reception during the COVID-19 pandemic. current aspects of the rehabilitation period. Farmateka. 2022;29(13):15-24 (in Russian). DOI:10.18565/pharmateca.2022.13.15-24
100. Trukhan DI, Ivanova DS. Vitamin and mineral complexes in prevention, treatment and rehabilitation after acute respiratory viral infections and new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Clinical review for general practice. 2022;5:33-46 (in Russian). DOI:10.47407/kr2022.3.5.00160
101. Simanenkov VI, Maev IV, Tkacheva ON, et al. Syndrome of increased epithelial permeability in clinical practice. Multidisciplinary National Consensus. Kardiovaskulyarnaya terapiya i profilaktika. 2021;20(1):2758 (in Russian). DOI:10.15829/1728-8800-2021-2758
102. Majewski S, Piotrowski W. Pulmonary manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease. Arch Med Sci. 2015;11(6):1179-88. DOI:10.5114/aoms.2015.56343.
103. Keely S, Talley NJ, Hansbro PM. Pulmonary-intestinal cross-talk in mucosal inflammatory disease. Mucosal Immunol. 2012;5:7-18. DOI:10.1038/mi.2011.55.
104. Trukhan DI, Ivanova DS. Role and location of increased epithelial permeability syndrome in the development of cardiovascular and bronchopulum diseases: theoretical and practical aspects of application of rebamipide. Farmateka. 021;28(5):115-26 (in Russian). DOI:10.18565/ pharmateca.2021.5.115-126
2. Трухан Д.И., Викторова И.А., Иванова Д.С., Голошубина В.В. Острые респираторные вирусные инфекции: возможности витаминно-минеральных комплексов в лечении, профилактике и реабилитации. Фарматека. 2023;30(1-2):136-45 [Trukhan DI, Viktorova IA, Ivanova DS, Goloshubina VV. Acute respiratory viral infections: possibilities of vitamin and mineral complexes in treatment, prevention and rehabilitation. Farmateka. 2023;30(1-2):136-45 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.18565/ pharmateca.2023.1-2.136-145
3. Клинические рекомендации. Острые респираторные вирусные инфекции (ОРВИ) у взрослых. 2021. Режим доступа: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/recomend/724_1. Ссылка активна на 15.03.2024 [Clinical recommendations. Acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) in adults. Available at: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/recomend/724_1. Accessed: 15.03.2024 (in Russian)].
4. Eccles R. Common cold. Front Allergy. 2023;4:1224988. DOI:10.3389/falgy.2023.1224988
5. Клинические рекомендации. Острая респираторная вирусная инфекция (ОРВИ). 2021. Режим доступа: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/recomend/25_2. Ссылка активна на 15.03.2024 [Clinical recommendations. Acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI). Available at: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/recomend/25_2. Accessed: 15.03.2024 (in Russian)].
6. Трухан Д.И., Тарасова Л.В. Особенности клиники и лечения острых респираторных вирусных инфекций в практике врача-терапевта. Врач. 2014;8:44-7. Режим доступа: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=21905156. Ссылка активна на 15.03.2024 [Trukhan DI, Tarasova LV. Osobennosti kliniki i lecheniia ostrykh respiratornykh virusnykh infekcii v praktike vracha-terapevta. Vrach. 2014;8:44-7. Available at: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=21905156. Accessed: 15.03.2024 (in Russian)].
7. Трухан Д.И., Мазуров А.Л., Речапова Л.А. Острые респираторные вирусные инфекции: актуальные вопросы диагностики, профилактики и лечения в практике терапевта. Терапевтический архив. 2016;11:76-82 [Trukhan DI, Mazurov AL, Rechapova LA. Ostrye respiratornye virusnye infekcii: aktualnye voprosy diagnostiki, profilaktiki i lecheniia v praktike terapevta. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2016;11:76-82 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.17116/terarkh2016881176-82
8. Berger MM, Herter-Aeberli I, Zimmermann MB, et al. Strengthening the immunity of the Swiss population with micronutrients: A narrative review and call for action. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2021;43:39-48. DOI:10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.03.012.
9. Calder PC, Ortega EF, Meydani SN, et al. Nutrition, Immunosenescence, and Infectious Disease: An Overview of the Scientific Evidence on Micronutrients and on Modulation of the Gut Microbiota. Adv Nutr. 2022;13(5):S1-S26. DOI:10.1093/advances/nmac052
10. Eggersdorfer M, Berger MM, Calder PC, et al. Perspective: Role of Micronutrients and Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids for Immune Outcomes of Relevance to Infections in Older Adults-A Narrative Review and Call for Action. Adv Nutr. 2022;13(5):1415-30. DOI:10.1093/advances/nmac058
11. Martinez SS, Huang Y, Acuna L, et al. Role of Selenium in Viral Infections with a Major Focus on SARS-CoV-2. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;23(1):280. DOI:10.3390/ijms23010280
12. Barchielli G, Capperucci A, Tanini D. The Role of Selenium in Pathologies: An Updated Review. Antioxidants (Basel). 2022;11(2):251. DOI:10.3390/antiox11020251
13. Moghaddam A, Heller RA, Sun Q, et al. Selenium Deficiency Is Associated with Mortality Risk from COVID-19. Nutrients. 2020;12(7):2098. DOI:10.3390/nu12072098
14. Bae M, Kim H. Mini-Review on the Roles of Vitamin C, Vitamin D, and Selenium in the Immune System against COVID-19. Molecules. 2020;25(22):5346. DOI:10.3390/molecules25225346
15. Duntas LH, Benvenga S. Selenium: an element for life. Endocrine. 2015;48(3):756-75. DOI:10.1007/s12020-014-0477-6
16. Beck MA, Nelson HK, Shi Q, et al. Selenium deficiency increases the pathology of an influenza virus infection. FASEB J. 2001;15(8):1481-3. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11387264/
17. Taylor EW, Radding W. Understanding selenium and glutathione as antiviral factors in COVID-19: does the viral Mpro protease target host selenoproteins and glutathione synthesis? Front Nutr. 2020;7:143. DOI:10.3389/fnut.2020.00143
18. Khatiwada S, Subedi A. A mechanistic link between selenium and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Curr Nutr Rep. 2021;10(2):125-36. DOI:10.1007/s13668-021-00354-4
19. Avery JC, Hoffmann PR. Selenium, Selenoproteins, and Immunity. Nutrients. 2018;10(9):1203. DOI:10.3390/nu10091203
20. Seale LA, Torres DJ, Berry MJ, Pitts MW. A role for selenium-dependent GPX1 in SARS-CoV-2 virulence. Am J Clin Nutr. 2020;112:447-8. DOI:10.1093/ajcn/nqaa177
21. Laforge M, Elbim C, Frère C, Hémadi M, Massaad C, Nuss P, Benoliel JJ, Becker C. Tissue damage from neutrophil-induced oxidative stress in COVID-19. Nat Rev Immunol. 2020;20(9):515-6. DOI:10.1038/s41577-020-0407-1
22. Tomo S, Saikiran G, Banerjee M, Paul S. Selenium to selenoproteins – role in COVID-19. EXCLI J. 2021;20:781-91. DOI:10.17179/excli2021-3530
23. Schomburg L. Selenium Deficiency in COVID-19-A Possible Long-Lasting Toxic Relationship. Nutrients. 2022;14(2):283. DOI:10.3390/nu14020283
24. Schomburg L. Selenoprotein P – Selenium transport protein, enzyme and biomarker of selenium status. Free Radic Biol Med. 2022;191:150-63. DOI:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.08.022
25. Lima LW, Nardi S, Santoro V, Schiavon M. The Relevance of Plant-Derived Se Compounds to Human Health in the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Pandemic Era. Antioxidants (Basel). 2021;10(7):1031. DOI:10.3390/antiox10071031
26. Im JH, Je YS, Baek J, et al. Nutritional status of patients with COVID-19. Int J Infect Dis. 2020;100:390-3. DOI:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.08.018
27. Younesian O, Khodabakhshi B, Abdolahi N, et al. Decreased Serum Selenium Levels of COVID-19 Patients in Comparison with Healthy Individuals. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2021:1-6. DOI:10.1007/s12011-021-02797-w
28. Rayman MP, Taylor EW, Zhang J. The relevance of selenium to viral disease with special reference to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. Proc Nutr Soc. 2022:1-12. DOI:10.1017/S0029665122002646
29. Kieliszek M, Lipinski B. Selenium supplementation in the prevention of coronavirus infections (COVID-19). Med Hypotheses. 2020;143:109878. DOI:10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109878
30. Liu X, Yin S, Li G. Effects of selenium supplement on acute lower respiratory tract infection caused by respiratory syncytial virus. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 1997;31(6):358-61.
31. Livingstone C. Zinc: physiology, deficiency, and parenteral nutrition. Nutr Clin Pract. 2015;30(3):371-82. DOI:10.1177/0884533615570376
32. Shankar AH, Prasad AS. Zinc and immune function: the biological basis of altered resistance to infection. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998;68(2 Suppl):447S-63S. DOI:10.1093/ajcn/68.2.447S
33. Overbeck S, Rink L, Haase H. Modulating the immune response by oral zinc supplementation: a single approach for multiple diseases. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz). 2008;56(1):15-30. DOI:10.1007/s00005-008-0003-8
34. Wessels I, Maywald M, Rink L. Zinc as a Gatekeeper of Immune Function. Nutrients. 2017;9(12):1286. DOI:10.3390/nu9121286
35. Jarosz M, Olbert M, Wyszogrodzka G, et al. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of zinc. Zinc-dependent NF-kappaB signaling. Inflammopharmacology. 2017;25(1):11-24. DOI:10.1007/s10787-017-0309-4
36. Kirkil G, Hamdi Muz M, Seçkin D, et al. Antioxidant effect of zinc picolinate in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Med. 2008;102(6):840-4. DOI:10.1016/j.rmed.2008.01.010
37. Samad N, Sodunke TE, Abubakar AR, et al. The Implications of Zinc Therapy in Combating the COVID-19 Global Pandemic. J Inflamm Res. 2021;14:527-50. DOI:10.2147/JIR.S295377.
38. Li J, Cao D, Huang Y, et al. Zinc Intakes and Health Outcomes: An Umbrella Review. Front Nutr. 2022;9:798078. DOI:10.3389/fnut.2022.798078
39. Bao S, Knoell DL. Zinc modulates cytokine-induced lung epithelial cell barrier permeability. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2006;291(6):L1132-41. DOI:10.1152/ajplung.00207.2006
40. Vlieg-Boerstra B, de Jong N, Meyer R, et al. Nutrient supplementation for prevention of viral respiratory tract infections in healthy subjects: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Allergy. 2022;77(5):1373-88. DOI:10.1111/all.15136
41. Kaushik N, Subramani C, Anang S, et al. Zinc salts block hepatitis E virus replication by inhibiting the activity of viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. J Virol. 2017;91(21):e00754-17. DOI:10.1128/JVI.00754-17
42. Corrao S, Mallaci Bocchio R, Lo Monaco M, et al. Does Evidence Exist to Blunt Inflammatory Response by Nutraceutical Supplementation during COVID-19 Pandemic? An Overview of Systematic Reviews of Vitamin D, Vitamin C, Melatonin, and Zinc. Nutrients. 2021;13(4):1261. DOI:10.3390/nu13041261
43. Patel O, Chinni V, El-Khoury J, et al. A pilot double-blind safety and feasibility randomized controlled trial of high-dose intravenous zinc in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. J Med Virol. 2021;93(5):3261-7.
44. Scarpellini E, Balsiger LM, Maurizi V, et al. Zinc and gut microbiota in health and gastrointestinal disease under the COVID-19 suggestion. Biofactors. 2022;48(2):294-306. DOI:10.1002/biof.1829
45. Skalny AV, Rink L, Ajsuvakova OP, et al. Zinc and respiratory tract infections: Perspectives for COVID-19 (Review). Int J Mol Med. 2020;46(1):17-26. DOI:10.3892/ijmm.2020.4575.
46. Jothimani D, Kailasam E, Danielraj S, et al. COVID-19: Poor outcomes in patients with zinc deficiency. Int J Infect Dis. 2020;100:343-9. DOI:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.014
47. Wessels I, Rolles B, Rink L. The Potential Impact of Zinc Supplementation on COVID-19. Pathogenesis. Front Immunol. 2020;11:1712. DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2020.01712
48. Tomasa-Irriguible T-M, Bielsa-Berrocal L, Bordejé-Laguna L, et al. Low levels of few micronutrients may impact COVID-19 disease progression: an observational study on the first wave. Metabolites. 2021;11(9):565. DOI:10.3390/metabo11090565
49. Трухан Д.И. Новая коронавирусная инфекция (COVID-19) и заболевания/патологические состояния органов дыхания. Медицинский совет. 2022;16(18):154-61. [Trukhan DI. New coronavirus infection (COVID-19) and respiratory diseases/pathological conditions. Medical Council. 2022;16(18):154-61 (in Russian)].
DOI:10.21518/2079-701X-2022-16-18-154-161
50. Rahman MT, Idid SZ. Can Zn Be a Critical Element in COVID-19 Treatment? Biol Trace Elem Res. 2021;199(2):550-8. DOI:10.1007/s12011-020-02194-9
51. de Almeida Brasiel PG. The key role of zinc in elderly immunity: A possible approach in the COVID-19 crisis. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2020;38:65-6. DOI:10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.06.003
52. Hunter J, Arentz S, Goldenberg J, et al. Zinc for the prevention or treatment of acute viral respiratory tract infections in adults: a rapid systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ Open. 2021;11(11):e047474. DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047474
53. Engin AB, Engin ED, Engin A. Can iron, zinc, copper and selenium status be a prognostic determinant in COVID-19 patients? Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2022;95:103937. DOI:10.1016/j.etap.2022.103937
54. Alexander J, Tinkov A, Strand TA, et al. Early Nutritional Interventions with Zinc, Selenium and Vitamin D for Raising Anti-Viral Resistance Against Progressive COVID-19. Nutrients. 2020;12(8):2358. DOI:10.3390/nu12082358
55. Huang Z, Liu Y, Qi G, et al. Role of vitamin A in the immune system. J Clin Med. 2018;7(9):258. DOI:10.3390/jcm7090258
56. Stephensen CB, Lietz G. Vitamin A in resistance to and recovery from infection: relevance to SARS-CoV2. Br J Nutr. 2021;126(11):1663-72. DOI:10.1017/S0007114521000246
57. Elmadfa I, Meyer AL. The role of the status of selected micronutrients in shaping the immune function. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2019;19:1100-15. DOI:10.2174/1871530319666190529101816
58. Tepasse PR, Vollenberg R, Fobker M, et al. Vitamin A Plasma Levels in COVID-19 Patients: A Prospective Multicenter Study and Hypothesis. Nutrients. 2021;13(7):2173. DOI:10.3390/nu13072173
59. Carvalho MCDC, Araujo JKCP, da Silva AGCL, et al. Retinol Levels and Severity of Patients with COVID-19. Nutrients. 2023;15(21):4642. DOI:10.3390/nu15214642
60. Zhang Y, Du Z, Ma W, et al. Vitamin A status and recurrent respiratory infection among Chinese children: a nationally representative survey. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2020;29:566-76. DOI:10.6133/apjcn.202009_29(3).0016
61. Abdelkader A, Wahba AA, El-Tonsy M, et al. Recurrent respiratory infections and vitamin A levels: a link? It is cross-sectional. Medicine (Baltimore). 2022;101(33):e30108. DOI:10.1097/MD.0000000000030108
62. Iddir M, Brito A, Dingeo G, et al. Strengthening the Immune System and Reducing Inflammation and Oxidative Stress through Diet and Nutrition: Considerations during the COVID-19 Crisis. Nutrients. 2020;12(6):1562. DOI:10.3390/nu12061562
63. Ebrahimzadeh-Attari V, Panahi G, Hebert JR, et al. Nutritional approach for increasing public health during pandemic of COVID-19: A comprehensive review of antiviral nutrients and nutraceuticals. Health Promot Perspect. 2021;11(2):119-36. DOI:10.34172/hpp.2021.17
64. Tavakol S, Seifalian AM. Vitamin E at a high dose as an anti-ferroptosis drug and not just a supplement for COVID-19 treatment. Biotechnol Appl Biochem. 2022;69(3):1058-60. DOI:10.1002/bab.2176
65. Lai YJ, Chang HS, Yang YP, et al. The role of micronutrient and immunomodulation effect in the vaccine era of COVID-19. J Chin Med Assoc. 2021;84(9):821-6. DOI:10.1097/JCMA.0000000000000587
66. Meydani SN, Leka LS, Fine BC, et al. Vitamin E and respiratory tract infections in elderly nursing home residents: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2004;292:828-36. DOI:10.1001/jama.292.7.828
67. Figueroa-Méndez R, Rivas-Arancibia S. Vitamin C in health and disease: its role in the metabolism of cells and redox state in the brain. Front Physiol. 2015;6:397. DOI:10.3389/fphys.2015.00397
68. Abioye AI, Bromage S, Fawzi W. Effect of micronutrient supplements on influenza and other respiratory tract infections among adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Glob Health. 2021;6(1):e003176. DOI:10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003176
69. Van Straten M, Josling P. Preventing the common cold with a vitamin C supplement: a double-blind, placebo-controlled survey. Adv Ther. 2002;19:151-9. DOI:10.1007/BF02850271
70. Johnston CS, Barkyoumb GM, Schumacher SS. Vitamin C supplementation slightly improves physical activity levels and reduces cold incidence in men with marginal vitamin C status: a randomized controlled trial. Nutrients. 2014;6:2572-83. DOI:10.3390/nu6072572
71. Kim TK, Lim HR, Byun JS. Vitamin C supplementation reduces the odds of developing a common cold in Republic of Korea Army recruits: randomised controlled trial. BMJ Mil Health. 2022;168:117-23. DOI:10.1136/bmjmilitary-2019-001384
72. Swain RA, Kaplan B. Upper respiratory infections: treatment selection for active patients. Phys Sportsmed. 1998;26(2):85-96. DOI:10.3810/psm.1998.02.944
73. Khaw KT, Woodhouse P. Interrelation of vitamin C, infection, haemostatic factors, and cardiovascular disease. BMJ. 1995;310(6994):1559-63. DOI:10.1136/bmj.310.6994.1559
74. Schloss J, Lauche R, Harnett J, et al. Efficacy and safety of vitamin C in the management of acute respiratory infection and disease: A rapid review. Adv Integr Med. 2020;7(4):187-91. DOI:10.1016/j.aimed.2020.07.008
75. Ran L, Zhao W, Wang J, et al. Extra Dose of Vitamin C Based on a Daily Supplementation Shortens the Common Cold: A Meta-Analysis of 9 Randomized Controlled Trials. Biomed Res Int. 2018;2018:1837634. DOI:10.1155/2018/1837634
76. Hemilä H, Chalker E. Vitamin C reduces the severity of common colds: a meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. 2023;23(1):2468. DOI:10.1186/s12889-023-17229-8
77. Abobaker A, Alzwi A, Alraied AHA. Overview of the possible role of vitamin C in management of COVID-19. Pharmacol Rep. 2020;72(6):1517-28. DOI:10.1007/s43440-020-00176-1
78. Uddin MS, Millat MS, Baral PK, et al. The protective role of vitamin C in the management of COVID-19: A Review. J Egypt Public Health Assoc. 2021;96(1):33.
DOI:10.1186/s42506-021-00095-w
79. Calder PC. Nutrition, immunity and COVID-19. BMJ Nutr Prev Health. 20203(1):74-92. DOI:10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000085
80. Shakoor H, Feehan J, Al Dhaheri AS, et al. Immune-boosting role of vitamins D, C, E, zinc, selenium and omega-3 fatty acids: Could they help against COVID-19? Maturitas. 2021;143:1-9. DOI:10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.08.003
81. Kumar P, Kumar M, Bedi O, et al. Role of vitamins and minerals as immunity boosters in COVID-19. Inflammopharmacology. 2021:1-16. DOI:10.1007/s10787-021-00826-7
82. Galmés S, Serra F, Palou A. Current State of Evidence: Influence of Nutritional and Nutrigenetic Factors on Immunity in the COVID-19 Pandemic Framework. Nutrients. 2020;12(9):2738. DOI:10.3390/nu12092738
83. Cámara M, Sánchez-Mata MC, Fernández-Ruiz V, et al. A Review of the Role of Micronutrients and Bioactive Compounds on Immune System Supporting to Fight against the
COVID-19 Disease. Foods. 2021;10(5):1088. DOI:10.3390/foods10051088
84. Dharmalingam K, Birdi A, Tomo S, et al. Trace Elements as Immunoregulators in SARS-CoV-2 and Other Viral Infections. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2021:1-11.
DOI:10.1007/s12291-021-00961-6
85. Calder PC, Carr AC, Gombart AF, Eggersdorfer M. Optimal Nutritional Status for a Well-Functioning Immune System Is an Important Factor to Protect against Viral Infections. Nutrients. 2020;12(4):1181. DOI:10.3390/nu12041181
86. Alkhatib A. Antiviral Functional Foods and Exercise Lifestyle Prevention of Coronavirus. Nutrients. 2020;12(9):2633. DOI:10.3390/nu12092633
87. Pecora F, Persico F, Argentiero A, et al. The Role of Micronutrients in Support of the Immune Response against Viral Infections. Nutrients. 2020;12(10):3198. DOI:10.3390/nu12103198
88. Jayawardena R, Sooriyaarachchi P, Chourdakis M, et al. Enhancing immunity in viral infections, with special emphasis on COVID-19: A review. Diabetes Metab Syndr.
2020;14(4):367-82. DOI:10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.015
89. Di Renzo L, Gualtieri P, Pivari F, et al. COVID-19: Is there a role for immunonutrition in obese patient? J Transl Med. 2020;18(1):415. DOI:10.1186/s12967-020-02594-4
90. Zelka FZ, Kocatürk RR, Özcan ÖÖ, Karahan M. Can Nutritional Supports Beneficial in Other Viral Diseases Be Favorable for COVID-19? Korean J Fam Med. 2022;43(1):3-15. DOI:10.4082/kjfm.20.0134
91. Гриневич В.Б., Губонина И.В., Дощицин В.Л., и др. Особенности ведения коморбидных пациентов в период пандемии новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19). Национальный Консенсус 2020. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2020;19(4):2630 [Grinevich VB, Gubonina IV, Doshhicin VL, et al. Osobennosti vedeniia komorbidnyh patcientov v period pandemii novoi koronavirusnoi infekcii (COVID-19). Natcionalnyi Konsensus 2020. Kardiovaskuliarnaia terapiya i profilaktika. 2020;19(4):2630 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.15829/1728-8800-2020-2630
92. Трухан Д.И., Давыдов Е.Л. Место и роль терапевта и врача общей практики в курации коморбидных пациентов в период пандемии новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19): акцент на неспецифическую профилактику. Фарматека. 2021;10:34-45 [Trukhan DI, Davydov EL. The place and role of a therapist and general practitioner in the management of comorbid patients during the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19): an emphasis on non-specific prevention. Farmateka. 2021;28(10):34-45 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.18565/pharmateca.2021.10.34-45
93. Трухан Д.И., Давыдов Е.Л., Чусова Н.А., Чусов И.С. Возможности терапевта в профилактике и на реабилитационном этапе после новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19) коморбидных пациентов с артериальной гипертензией. Клинический разбор в общей медицине. 2021;5:6-15 [Trukhan DI, Davydov EL, Chusova NA, Chusov IS. Opportunities of the therapist in prevention and at the rehabilitation stage after new coronaviral infection (COVID-19) in comorbid patients with arterial hypertension. Clinical review for general practice. 2021;5:6-15 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.47407/kr2021.2.5.00064
94. Трухан Д.И., Давыдов Е.Л., Чусова Н.А. Нутрицевтики в профилактике, лечении и на этапе реабилитации после новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19). Клинический разбор в общей медицине. 2021;7:21-34 [Trukhan DI, Davydov EL, Chusova NA. Nutriceutics in prevention, treatment and at the stage of rehabilitation after new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Clinical review for general practice. 2021;7:21-34 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.47407/kr2021.2.7.00085
95. Трухан Д.И., Турутина Н.М. Витаминно-минеральные комплексы в лечении острых респираторных вирусных инфекций. Клинический разбор в общей медицине. 2022;6:52-60 [Trukhan DI, Turutina NM. Vitamin and mineral complexes in the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections. Clinical review for general practice. 2022;6:52-60 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.47407/kr2022.3.6.00177
96. Попова Е.Н., Пономарева Л.А., Чинова А.А., Андрианов А.И. Комплексный подход к терапии острых респираторных вирусных инфекций. Клинический разбор в общей медицине. 2023;4(8):42-5 [Popova EN, Ponomareva LA, Chinova AA, Andrianov AI. Multifaceted approach to treatment of acute respiratory viral infections. Clinical review for general practice. 2023;4(8):42-5 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.47407/kr2023.4.8.00330
97. Попова Е.Н., Митькина М.И., Чинова А.А., Пономарева Л.А. Роль витаминов и микроэлементов в профилактике и лечении бронхолегочных заболеваний у взрослых. Клинический разбор в общей медицине. 2023;4(2):36-42 [Popova EN, Mitkina MI, Chinova AA, Ponomareva LA. The role of vitamins and minerals in prevention and treatment of bronchopulmonary diseases in adults. Clinical review for general practice. 2023;4(2):36-42 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.47407/kr2023.4.2.00202
98. Трухан Д.И., Рожкова М.Ю., Иванова Д.С., Голошубина В.В. Сезон простуд: возможности витаминно-минеральных комплексов в профилактике и лечении острых респираторных вирусных инфекций. Фарматека. 2024;31(1):138-48 [Trukhan DI, Rozhkova MYu, Ivanova DS., Goloshubina VV. Cold season: the potential of vitamin-mineral complexes in the prevention and treatment of acute respiratory viral infections. Farmateka. 2024;31(1):138-48 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.18565/pharmateca.2024.1.138-148
99. Трухан Д.И. Коморбидный пациент на терапевтическом приеме в период пандемии COVID-19. Актуальные аспекты реабилитационного периода. Фарматека. 2022;29(13):15-24 [Trukhan DI. A comorbid patient at a therapeutic reception during the COVID-19 pandemic. current aspects of the rehabilitation period. Farmateka. 2022;29(13):15-24 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.18565/pharmateca.2022.13.15-24
100. Трухан Д.И., Иванова Д.С. Витаминно-минеральные комплексы в профилактике, лечении и на этапе реабилитации после острых респираторных вирусных инфекций и новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19). Клинический разбор в общей медицине. 2022;5:33-46 [Trukhan DI, Ivanova DS. Vitamin and mineral complexes in prevention, treatment and rehabilitation after acute respiratory viral infections and new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Clinical review for general practice. 2022;5:33-46 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.47407/kr2022.3.5.00160
101. Симаненков В.И., Маев И.В., Ткачева О.Н. и др. Синдром повышенной эпителиальной проницаемости в клинической практике. Мультидисциплинарный национальный консенсус. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2021;20(1):2758. [Simanenkov VI, Maev IV, Tkacheva ON, et al. Syndrome of increased epithelial permeability in clinical practice. Multidisciplinary National Consensus. Kardiovaskulyarnaya terapiya i profilaktika. 2021;20(1):2758 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.15829/1728-8800-2021-2758
102. Majewski S, Piotrowski W. Pulmonary manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease. Arch Med Sci. 2015;11(6):1179-88. DOI:10.5114/aoms.2015.56343.
103. Keely S, Talley NJ, Hansbro PM. Pulmonary-intestinal cross-talk in mucosal inflammatory disease. Mucosal Immunol. 2012;5:7-18. DOI:10.1038/mi.2011.55.
104. Трухан Д.И., Иванова Д.С. Роль и место синдрома повышенной эпителиальной проницаемости в развитии сердечно-сосудистых и бронхолегочных заболеваний: теоретические и практические аспекты применения ребамипида. Фарматека. 2021;28(5):115-26. [Trukhan DI, Ivanova DS. Role and location of increased epithelial permeability syndrome in the development of cardiovascular and bronchopulum diseases: theoretical and practical aspects of application of rebamipide. Farmateka. 021;28(5):115-26 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.18565/ pharmateca.2021.5.115-126
________________________________________________
2. Trukhan DI, Viktorova IA, Ivanova DS, Goloshubina VV. Acute respiratory viral infections: possibilities of vitamin and mineral complexes in treatment, prevention and rehabilitation. Farmateka. 2023;30(1-2):136-45 (in Russian). DOI:10.18565/ pharmateca.2023.1-2.136-145
3. Clinical recommendations. Acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) in adults. Available at: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/recomend/724_1. Accessed: 15.03.2024 (in Russian).
4. Eccles R. Common cold. Front Allergy. 2023;4:1224988. DOI:10.3389/falgy.2023.1224988
5. Clinical recommendations. Acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI). Available at: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/recomend/25_2. Accessed: 15.03.2024 (in Russian).
6. Trukhan DI, Tarasova LV. Osobennosti kliniki i lecheniia ostrykh respiratornykh virusnykh infekcii v praktike vracha-terapevta. Vrach. 2014;8:44-7. Available at: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=21905156. Accessed: 15.03.2024 (in Russian).
7. Trukhan DI, Mazurov AL, Rechapova LA. Ostrye respiratornye virusnye infekcii: aktualnye voprosy diagnostiki, profilaktiki i lecheniia v praktike terapevta. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2016;11:76-82 (in Russian). DOI:10.17116/terarkh2016881176-82
8. Berger MM, Herter-Aeberli I, Zimmermann MB, et al. Strengthening the immunity of the Swiss population with micronutrients: A narrative review and call for action. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2021;43:39-48. DOI:10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.03.012.
9. Calder PC, Ortega EF, Meydani SN, et al. Nutrition, Immunosenescence, and Infectious Disease: An Overview of the Scientific Evidence on Micronutrients and on Modulation of the Gut Microbiota. Adv Nutr. 2022;13(5):S1-S26. DOI:10.1093/advances/nmac052
10. Eggersdorfer M, Berger MM, Calder PC, et al. Perspective: Role of Micronutrients and Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids for Immune Outcomes of Relevance to Infections in Older Adults-A Narrative Review and Call for Action. Adv Nutr. 2022;13(5):1415-30. DOI:10.1093/advances/nmac058
11. Martinez SS, Huang Y, Acuna L, et al. Role of Selenium in Viral Infections with a Major Focus on SARS-CoV-2. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;23(1):280. DOI:10.3390/ijms23010280
12. Barchielli G, Capperucci A, Tanini D. The Role of Selenium in Pathologies: An Updated Review. Antioxidants (Basel). 2022;11(2):251. DOI:10.3390/antiox11020251
13. Moghaddam A, Heller RA, Sun Q, et al. Selenium Deficiency Is Associated with Mortality Risk from COVID-19. Nutrients. 2020;12(7):2098. DOI:10.3390/nu12072098
14. Bae M, Kim H. Mini-Review on the Roles of Vitamin C, Vitamin D, and Selenium in the Immune System against COVID-19. Molecules. 2020;25(22):5346. DOI:10.3390/molecules25225346
15. Duntas LH, Benvenga S. Selenium: an element for life. Endocrine. 2015;48(3):756-75. DOI:10.1007/s12020-014-0477-6
16. Beck MA, Nelson HK, Shi Q, et al. Selenium deficiency increases the pathology of an influenza virus infection. FASEB J. 2001;15(8):1481-3. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11387264/
17. Taylor EW, Radding W. Understanding selenium and glutathione as antiviral factors in COVID-19: does the viral Mpro protease target host selenoproteins and glutathione synthesis? Front Nutr. 2020;7:143. DOI:10.3389/fnut.2020.00143
18. Khatiwada S, Subedi A. A mechanistic link between selenium and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Curr Nutr Rep. 2021;10(2):125-36. DOI:10.1007/s13668-021-00354-4
19. Avery JC, Hoffmann PR. Selenium, Selenoproteins, and Immunity. Nutrients. 2018;10(9):1203. DOI:10.3390/nu10091203
20. Seale LA, Torres DJ, Berry MJ, Pitts MW. A role for selenium-dependent GPX1 in SARS-CoV-2 virulence. Am J Clin Nutr. 2020;112:447-8. DOI:10.1093/ajcn/nqaa177
21. Laforge M, Elbim C, Frère C, Hémadi M, Massaad C, Nuss P, Benoliel JJ, Becker C. Tissue damage from neutrophil-induced oxidative stress in COVID-19. Nat Rev Immunol. 2020;20(9):515-6. DOI:10.1038/s41577-020-0407-1
22. Tomo S, Saikiran G, Banerjee M, Paul S. Selenium to selenoproteins – role in COVID-19. EXCLI J. 2021;20:781-91. DOI:10.17179/excli2021-3530
23. Schomburg L. Selenium Deficiency in COVID-19-A Possible Long-Lasting Toxic Relationship. Nutrients. 2022;14(2):283. DOI:10.3390/nu14020283
24. Schomburg L. Selenoprotein P – Selenium transport protein, enzyme and biomarker of selenium status. Free Radic Biol Med. 2022;191:150-63. DOI:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.08.022
25. Lima LW, Nardi S, Santoro V, Schiavon M. The Relevance of Plant-Derived Se Compounds to Human Health in the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Pandemic Era. Antioxidants (Basel). 2021;10(7):1031. DOI:10.3390/antiox10071031
26. Im JH, Je YS, Baek J, et al. Nutritional status of patients with COVID-19. Int J Infect Dis. 2020;100:390-3. DOI:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.08.018
27. Younesian O, Khodabakhshi B, Abdolahi N, et al. Decreased Serum Selenium Levels of COVID-19 Patients in Comparison with Healthy Individuals. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2021:1-6. DOI:10.1007/s12011-021-02797-w
28. Rayman MP, Taylor EW, Zhang J. The relevance of selenium to viral disease with special reference to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. Proc Nutr Soc. 2022:1-12. DOI:10.1017/S0029665122002646
29. Kieliszek M, Lipinski B. Selenium supplementation in the prevention of coronavirus infections (COVID-19). Med Hypotheses. 2020;143:109878. DOI:10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109878
30. Liu X, Yin S, Li G. Effects of selenium supplement on acute lower respiratory tract infection caused by respiratory syncytial virus. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 1997;31(6):358-61.
31. Livingstone C. Zinc: physiology, deficiency, and parenteral nutrition. Nutr Clin Pract. 2015;30(3):371-82. DOI:10.1177/0884533615570376
32. Shankar AH, Prasad AS. Zinc and immune function: the biological basis of altered resistance to infection. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998;68(2 Suppl):447S-63S. DOI:10.1093/ajcn/68.2.447S
33. Overbeck S, Rink L, Haase H. Modulating the immune response by oral zinc supplementation: a single approach for multiple diseases. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz). 2008;56(1):15-30. DOI:10.1007/s00005-008-0003-8
34. Wessels I, Maywald M, Rink L. Zinc as a Gatekeeper of Immune Function. Nutrients. 2017;9(12):1286. DOI:10.3390/nu9121286
35. Jarosz M, Olbert M, Wyszogrodzka G, et al. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of zinc. Zinc-dependent NF-kappaB signaling. Inflammopharmacology. 2017;25(1):11-24. DOI:10.1007/s10787-017-0309-4
36. Kirkil G, Hamdi Muz M, Seçkin D, et al. Antioxidant effect of zinc picolinate in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Med. 2008;102(6):840-4. DOI:10.1016/j.rmed.2008.01.010
37. Samad N, Sodunke TE, Abubakar AR, et al. The Implications of Zinc Therapy in Combating the COVID-19 Global Pandemic. J Inflamm Res. 2021;14:527-50. DOI:10.2147/JIR.S295377.
38. Li J, Cao D, Huang Y, et al. Zinc Intakes and Health Outcomes: An Umbrella Review. Front Nutr. 2022;9:798078. DOI:10.3389/fnut.2022.798078
39. Bao S, Knoell DL. Zinc modulates cytokine-induced lung epithelial cell barrier permeability. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2006;291(6):L1132-41. DOI:10.1152/ajplung.00207.2006
40. Vlieg-Boerstra B, de Jong N, Meyer R, et al. Nutrient supplementation for prevention of viral respiratory tract infections in healthy subjects: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Allergy. 2022;77(5):1373-88. DOI:10.1111/all.15136
41. Kaushik N, Subramani C, Anang S, et al. Zinc salts block hepatitis E virus replication by inhibiting the activity of viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. J Virol. 2017;91(21):e00754-17. DOI:10.1128/JVI.00754-17
42. Corrao S, Mallaci Bocchio R, Lo Monaco M, et al. Does Evidence Exist to Blunt Inflammatory Response by Nutraceutical Supplementation during COVID-19 Pandemic? An Overview of Systematic Reviews of Vitamin D, Vitamin C, Melatonin, and Zinc. Nutrients. 2021;13(4):1261. DOI:10.3390/nu13041261
43. Patel O, Chinni V, El-Khoury J, et al. A pilot double-blind safety and feasibility randomized controlled trial of high-dose intravenous zinc in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. J Med Virol. 2021;93(5):3261-7.
44. Scarpellini E, Balsiger LM, Maurizi V, et al. Zinc and gut microbiota in health and gastrointestinal disease under the COVID-19 suggestion. Biofactors. 2022;48(2):294-306. DOI:10.1002/biof.1829
45. Skalny AV, Rink L, Ajsuvakova OP, et al. Zinc and respiratory tract infections: Perspectives for COVID-19 (Review). Int J Mol Med. 2020;46(1):17-26. DOI:10.3892/ijmm.2020.4575.
46. Jothimani D, Kailasam E, Danielraj S, et al. COVID-19: Poor outcomes in patients with zinc deficiency. Int J Infect Dis. 2020;100:343-9. DOI:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.014
47. Wessels I, Rolles B, Rink L. The Potential Impact of Zinc Supplementation on COVID-19. Pathogenesis. Front Immunol. 2020;11:1712. DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2020.01712
48. Tomasa-Irriguible T-M, Bielsa-Berrocal L, Bordejé-Laguna L, et al. Low levels of few micronutrients may impact COVID-19 disease progression: an observational study on the first wave. Metabolites. 2021;11(9):565. DOI:10.3390/metabo11090565
49. Trukhan DI. New coronavirus infection (COVID-19) and respiratory diseases/pathological conditions. Medical Council. 2022;16(18):154-61 (in Russian).
DOI:10.21518/2079-701X-2022-16-18-154-161
50. Rahman MT, Idid SZ. Can Zn Be a Critical Element in COVID-19 Treatment? Biol Trace Elem Res. 2021;199(2):550-8. DOI:10.1007/s12011-020-02194-9
51. de Almeida Brasiel PG. The key role of zinc in elderly immunity: A possible approach in the COVID-19 crisis. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2020;38:65-6. DOI:10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.06.003
52. Hunter J, Arentz S, Goldenberg J, et al. Zinc for the prevention or treatment of acute viral respiratory tract infections in adults: a rapid systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ Open. 2021;11(11):e047474. DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047474
53. Engin AB, Engin ED, Engin A. Can iron, zinc, copper and selenium status be a prognostic determinant in COVID-19 patients? Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2022;95:103937. DOI:10.1016/j.etap.2022.103937
54. Alexander J, Tinkov A, Strand TA, et al. Early Nutritional Interventions with Zinc, Selenium and Vitamin D for Raising Anti-Viral Resistance Against Progressive COVID-19. Nutrients. 2020;12(8):2358. DOI:10.3390/nu12082358
55. Huang Z, Liu Y, Qi G, et al. Role of vitamin A in the immune system. J Clin Med. 2018;7(9):258. DOI:10.3390/jcm7090258
56. Stephensen CB, Lietz G. Vitamin A in resistance to and recovery from infection: relevance to SARS-CoV2. Br J Nutr. 2021;126(11):1663-72. DOI:10.1017/S0007114521000246
57. Elmadfa I, Meyer AL. The role of the status of selected micronutrients in shaping the immune function. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2019;19:1100-15. DOI:10.2174/1871530319666190529101816
58. Tepasse PR, Vollenberg R, Fobker M, et al. Vitamin A Plasma Levels in COVID-19 Patients: A Prospective Multicenter Study and Hypothesis. Nutrients. 2021;13(7):2173. DOI:10.3390/nu13072173
59. Carvalho MCDC, Araujo JKCP, da Silva AGCL, et al. Retinol Levels and Severity of Patients with COVID-19. Nutrients. 2023;15(21):4642. DOI:10.3390/nu15214642
60. Zhang Y, Du Z, Ma W, et al. Vitamin A status and recurrent respiratory infection among Chinese children: a nationally representative survey. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2020;29:566-76. DOI:10.6133/apjcn.202009_29(3).0016
61. Abdelkader A, Wahba AA, El-Tonsy M, et al. Recurrent respiratory infections and vitamin A levels: a link? It is cross-sectional. Medicine (Baltimore). 2022;101(33):e30108. DOI:10.1097/MD.0000000000030108
62. Iddir M, Brito A, Dingeo G, et al. Strengthening the Immune System and Reducing Inflammation and Oxidative Stress through Diet and Nutrition: Considerations during the COVID-19 Crisis. Nutrients. 2020;12(6):1562. DOI:10.3390/nu12061562
63. Ebrahimzadeh-Attari V, Panahi G, Hebert JR, et al. Nutritional approach for increasing public health during pandemic of COVID-19: A comprehensive review of antiviral nutrients and nutraceuticals. Health Promot Perspect. 2021;11(2):119-36. DOI:10.34172/hpp.2021.17
64. Tavakol S, Seifalian AM. Vitamin E at a high dose as an anti-ferroptosis drug and not just a supplement for COVID-19 treatment. Biotechnol Appl Biochem. 2022;69(3):1058-60. DOI:10.1002/bab.2176
65. Lai YJ, Chang HS, Yang YP, et al. The role of micronutrient and immunomodulation effect in the vaccine era of COVID-19. J Chin Med Assoc. 2021;84(9):821-6. DOI:10.1097/JCMA.0000000000000587
66. Meydani SN, Leka LS, Fine BC, et al. Vitamin E and respiratory tract infections in elderly nursing home residents: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2004;292:828-36. DOI:10.1001/jama.292.7.828
67. Figueroa-Méndez R, Rivas-Arancibia S. Vitamin C in health and disease: its role in the metabolism of cells and redox state in the brain. Front Physiol. 2015;6:397. DOI:10.3389/fphys.2015.00397
68. Abioye AI, Bromage S, Fawzi W. Effect of micronutrient supplements on influenza and other respiratory tract infections among adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Glob Health. 2021;6(1):e003176. DOI:10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003176
69. Van Straten M, Josling P. Preventing the common cold with a vitamin C supplement: a double-blind, placebo-controlled survey. Adv Ther. 2002;19:151-9. DOI:10.1007/BF02850271
70. Johnston CS, Barkyoumb GM, Schumacher SS. Vitamin C supplementation slightly improves physical activity levels and reduces cold incidence in men with marginal vitamin C status: a randomized controlled trial. Nutrients. 2014;6:2572-83. DOI:10.3390/nu6072572
71. Kim TK, Lim HR, Byun JS. Vitamin C supplementation reduces the odds of developing a common cold in Republic of Korea Army recruits: randomised controlled trial. BMJ Mil Health. 2022;168:117-23. DOI:10.1136/bmjmilitary-2019-001384
72. Swain RA, Kaplan B. Upper respiratory infections: treatment selection for active patients. Phys Sportsmed. 1998;26(2):85-96. DOI:10.3810/psm.1998.02.944
73. Khaw KT, Woodhouse P. Interrelation of vitamin C, infection, haemostatic factors, and cardiovascular disease. BMJ. 1995;310(6994):1559-63. DOI:10.1136/bmj.310.6994.1559
74. Schloss J, Lauche R, Harnett J, et al. Efficacy and safety of vitamin C in the management of acute respiratory infection and disease: A rapid review. Adv Integr Med. 2020;7(4):187-91. DOI:10.1016/j.aimed.2020.07.008
75. Ran L, Zhao W, Wang J, et al. Extra Dose of Vitamin C Based on a Daily Supplementation Shortens the Common Cold: A Meta-Analysis of 9 Randomized Controlled Trials. Biomed Res Int. 2018;2018:1837634. DOI:10.1155/2018/1837634
76. Hemilä H, Chalker E. Vitamin C reduces the severity of common colds: a meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. 2023;23(1):2468. DOI:10.1186/s12889-023-17229-8
77. Abobaker A, Alzwi A, Alraied AHA. Overview of the possible role of vitamin C in management of COVID-19. Pharmacol Rep. 2020;72(6):1517-28. DOI:10.1007/s43440-020-00176-1
78. Uddin MS, Millat MS, Baral PK, et al. The protective role of vitamin C in the management of COVID-19: A Review. J Egypt Public Health Assoc. 2021;96(1):33.
DOI:10.1186/s42506-021-00095-w
79. Calder PC. Nutrition, immunity and COVID-19. BMJ Nutr Prev Health. 20203(1):74-92. DOI:10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000085
80. Shakoor H, Feehan J, Al Dhaheri AS, et al. Immune-boosting role of vitamins D, C, E, zinc, selenium and omega-3 fatty acids: Could they help against COVID-19? Maturitas. 2021;143:1-9. DOI:10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.08.003
81. Kumar P, Kumar M, Bedi O, et al. Role of vitamins and minerals as immunity boosters in COVID-19. Inflammopharmacology. 2021:1-16. DOI:10.1007/s10787-021-00826-7
82. Galmés S, Serra F, Palou A. Current State of Evidence: Influence of Nutritional and Nutrigenetic Factors on Immunity in the COVID-19 Pandemic Framework. Nutrients. 2020;12(9):2738. DOI:10.3390/nu12092738
83. Cámara M, Sánchez-Mata MC, Fernández-Ruiz V, et al. A Review of the Role of Micronutrients and Bioactive Compounds on Immune System Supporting to Fight against the
COVID-19 Disease. Foods. 2021;10(5):1088. DOI:10.3390/foods10051088
84. Dharmalingam K, Birdi A, Tomo S, et al. Trace Elements as Immunoregulators in SARS-CoV-2 and Other Viral Infections. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2021:1-11.
DOI:10.1007/s12291-021-00961-6
85. Calder PC, Carr AC, Gombart AF, Eggersdorfer M. Optimal Nutritional Status for a Well-Functioning Immune System Is an Important Factor to Protect against Viral Infections. Nutrients. 2020;12(4):1181. DOI:10.3390/nu12041181
86. Alkhatib A. Antiviral Functional Foods and Exercise Lifestyle Prevention of Coronavirus. Nutrients. 2020;12(9):2633. DOI:10.3390/nu12092633
87. Pecora F, Persico F, Argentiero A, et al. The Role of Micronutrients in Support of the Immune Response against Viral Infections. Nutrients. 2020;12(10):3198. DOI:10.3390/nu12103198
88. Jayawardena R, Sooriyaarachchi P, Chourdakis M, et al. Enhancing immunity in viral infections, with special emphasis on COVID-19: A review. Diabetes Metab Syndr.
2020;14(4):367-82. DOI:10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.015
89. Di Renzo L, Gualtieri P, Pivari F, et al. COVID-19: Is there a role for immunonutrition in obese patient? J Transl Med. 2020;18(1):415. DOI:10.1186/s12967-020-02594-4
90. Zelka FZ, Kocatürk RR, Özcan ÖÖ, Karahan M. Can Nutritional Supports Beneficial in Other Viral Diseases Be Favorable for COVID-19? Korean J Fam Med. 2022;43(1):3-15. DOI:10.4082/kjfm.20.0134
91. Grinevich VB, Gubonina IV, Doshhicin VL, et al. Osobennosti vedeniia komorbidnyh patcientov v period pandemii novoi koronavirusnoi infekcii (COVID-19). Natcionalnyi Konsensus 2020. Kardiovaskuliarnaia terapiya i profilaktika. 2020;19(4):2630 (in Russian). DOI:10.15829/1728-8800-2020-2630
92. Trukhan DI, Davydov EL. The place and role of a therapist and general practitioner in the management of comorbid patients during the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19): an emphasis on non-specific prevention. Farmateka. 2021;28(10):34-45 (in Russian). DOI:10.18565/pharmateca.2021.10.34-45
93. Trukhan DI, Davydov EL, Chusova NA, Chusov IS. Opportunities of the therapist in prevention and at the rehabilitation stage after new coronaviral infection (COVID-19) in comorbid patients with arterial hypertension. Clinical review for general practice. 2021;5:6-15 (in Russian). DOI:10.47407/kr2021.2.5.00064
94. Trukhan DI, Davydov EL, Chusova NA. Nutriceutics in prevention, treatment and at the stage of rehabilitation after new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Clinical review for general practice. 2021;7:21-34 (in Russian). DOI:10.47407/kr2021.2.7.00085
95. Trukhan DI, Turutina NM. Vitamin and mineral complexes in the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections. Clinical review for general practice. 2022;6:52-60 (in Russian). DOI:10.47407/kr2022.3.6.00177
96. Popova EN, Ponomareva LA, Chinova AA, Andrianov AI. Multifaceted approach to treatment of acute respiratory viral infections. Clinical review for general practice. 2023;4(8):42-5 (in Russian). DOI:10.47407/kr2023.4.8.00330
97. Popova EN, Mitkina MI, Chinova AA, Ponomareva LA. The role of vitamins and minerals in prevention and treatment of bronchopulmonary diseases in adults. Clinical review for general practice. 2023;4(2):36-42 (in Russian). DOI:10.47407/kr2023.4.2.00202
98. Trukhan DI, Rozhkova MYu, Ivanova DS., Goloshubina VV. Cold season: the potential of vitamin-mineral complexes in the prevention and treatment of acute respiratory viral infections. Farmateka. 2024;31(1):138-48 (in Russian). DOI:10.18565/pharmateca.2024.1.138-148
99. Trukhan DI. A comorbid patient at a therapeutic reception during the COVID-19 pandemic. current aspects of the rehabilitation period. Farmateka. 2022;29(13):15-24 (in Russian). DOI:10.18565/pharmateca.2022.13.15-24
100. Trukhan DI, Ivanova DS. Vitamin and mineral complexes in prevention, treatment and rehabilitation after acute respiratory viral infections and new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Clinical review for general practice. 2022;5:33-46 (in Russian). DOI:10.47407/kr2022.3.5.00160
101. Simanenkov VI, Maev IV, Tkacheva ON, et al. Syndrome of increased epithelial permeability in clinical practice. Multidisciplinary National Consensus. Kardiovaskulyarnaya terapiya i profilaktika. 2021;20(1):2758 (in Russian). DOI:10.15829/1728-8800-2021-2758
102. Majewski S, Piotrowski W. Pulmonary manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease. Arch Med Sci. 2015;11(6):1179-88. DOI:10.5114/aoms.2015.56343.
103. Keely S, Talley NJ, Hansbro PM. Pulmonary-intestinal cross-talk in mucosal inflammatory disease. Mucosal Immunol. 2012;5:7-18. DOI:10.1038/mi.2011.55.
104. Trukhan DI, Ivanova DS. Role and location of increased epithelial permeability syndrome in the development of cardiovascular and bronchopulum diseases: theoretical and practical aspects of application of rebamipide. Farmateka. 021;28(5):115-26 (in Russian). DOI:10.18565/ pharmateca.2021.5.115-126
Авторы
Д.И. Трухан*, Н.В. Багишева
ФГБОУ ВО «Омский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России, Омск, Россия
*dmitry_trukhan@mail.ru
Omsk State Medical University, Omsk, Russia
*dmitry_trukhan@mail.ru
ФГБОУ ВО «Омский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России, Омск, Россия
*dmitry_trukhan@mail.ru
________________________________________________
Omsk State Medical University, Omsk, Russia
*dmitry_trukhan@mail.ru
Цель портала OmniDoctor – предоставление профессиональной информации врачам, провизорам и фармацевтам.