Влияние спортивных нагрузок на работу эндокринной системы у мужчин

Берковская М.А., Эльмурзаева А.А., Эдаев А.Л.-А., Селахов Т.Ю., Токаев Х.М., Гурова И.Д. Влияние спортивных нагрузок на работу эндокринной системы у мужчин. Consilium Medicum. 2024;26(4):263–268. DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2024.4.202697

© ООО «КОНСИЛИУМ МЕДИКУМ», 2024 г.

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Berkovskaya MA, Elmurzaeva AA, Edaev ALA, Selakhov TYu, Tokaev HM, Gurova ID. The impact of physical exercise on the endocrine system in men: A review. Consilium Medicum. 2024;26(4):263–268.
DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2024.4.202697

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Аннотация

Эндокринная система участвует в регуляции большинства метаболических процессов в организме человека, что в норме обеспечивает поддержание оптимальной работы и гомеостаза различных органов и систем. Занятия спортом и разнообразные физические нагрузки оказывают влияние на регуляторную функцию эндокринных желез в виде последовательных фаз, при этом величина ответа зависит от интенсивности и длительности выполняемой нагрузки. Гормональная регуляция во время физической активности способствует адаптации функциональной активности сердечно-сосудистой системы, активации энергетических депо, поддержанию адекватной гидратации тканей. Физическая активность приводит к повышению продукции соматотропного гормона, инсулиноподобного фактора роста-1, общего и свободного тестостерона, что усиливает анаболические реакции организма. Важно понимать взаимосвязь и влияние физических нагрузок на работу эндокринной системы для разработки комплексов физических упражнений, реабилитации пациентов, изучения и лечения эндокринных нарушений. Влияние физических нагрузок на эндокринную систему женщин изучено в большей степени, чем мужчин, данные в отношении которых носят противоречивый характер. Настоящая статья посвящена обсуждению работы различных эндокринных органов и особенностей гормональной регуляции при спортивных нагрузках у мужчин.

Ключевые слова: эндокринная система, спорт, физическая нагрузка, тестостерон, соматотропин, инсулиноподобный фактор роста-1, кортизол

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The endocrine system regulates many functions of the human body to maintain optimal performance and homeostasis of various organs and systems. Playing sports and various physical activities changes the regulatory function of the endocrine organs in the form of successive phases, and the magnitude of the response depends on the intensity and duration of the physical stress exerted. Hormonal regulation during physical activity facilitates the adaptation of the functional activity of the cardiovascular system, the activation of energy depots, and the maintenance of adequate tissue hydration. Physical activity leads to an increase in the production of growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1, total and free testosterone, which enhances the anabolic reactions of the body. It is important to understand the relationship and impact of physical activity on the functioning of the endocrine system for the development of physical exercise’s complexes, patient rehabilitation, research and treatment of endocrine disorders. The effect of physical activity on the endocrine system for women has been studied to a greater extent, in contrast to men, where the data is contradictory. Therefore, in this article we will highlight the features of various endocrine organs and hormones during sports activities in men.

Keywords: endocrine system, sport, physical activity, testosterone, somatotropin, insulin-like growth factor-1, cortisol

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1. Athanasiou N, Bogdanis GC, Mastorakos G. Endocrine responses of the stress system to different types of exercise. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2023;24(2):251-66. DOI:10.1007/s11154-022-09758-1
2. Duclos M, Tabarin A. Exercise and the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. Front Horm Res. 2016;47:12-26. DOI:10.1159/000445149
3. Garber CE, Blissmer B, Deschenes MR, et al.; American College of Sports Medicine. American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults: Guidance for prescribing exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011;43(7):1334-59. DOI:10.1249/MSS.0b013e318213fefb
4. Hackney AC. Exercise as a stressor to the human neuroendocrine system. Medicina (Kaunas). 2006;42(10):788-97. PMID:17090977
5. Kageyama K, Nemoto T. Molecular mechanisms underlying stress response and resilience. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(16):9007. DOI:10.3390/ijms23169007
6. Leistner C, Menke A. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and stress. Handb Clin Neurol. 2020;175:55-64. DOI:10.1016/B978-0-444-64123-6.00004-7
7. Minas A, Fernandes ACC, Maciel Júnior VL, et al. Influence of physical activity on male fertility. Andrologia. 2022;54(7):e14433. DOI:10.1111/and.14433
8. Friedenreich CM, Wang Q, Shaw E, et al. The effect of prescribed exercise volume on biomarkers of chronic stress in postmenopausal women: Results from the Breast Cancer and Exercise Trial in Alberta (BETA). Prev Med Rep. 2019;15:100960. DOI:10.1016/j.pmedr.2019.100960
9. Banitalebi E, Faramarzi M, Bagheri L, Kazemi AR. Comparison of performing 12 weeks’ resistance training before, after and/or in between aerobic exercise on the hormonal status of aged women: A randomized controlled trial. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig. 2018;35(3). DOI:10.1515/hmbci-2018-0020
10. Mueller PJ, Clifford PS, Crandall CG, et al. Integration of central and peripheral regulation of the circulation during exercise: Acute and chronic adaptations. Compr Physiol. 2017;8(1):103-51. DOI:10.1002/cphy.c160040
11. Gerasimenko DK. Role of catecholic amines in cardiovascular adaptive responses to exercise. Issues of Science and Education. 2018;7(19):23-5 (in Russian).
12. Yanovski JA, Yanovski SZ, Boyle AJ, et al. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity during exercise in African American and Caucasian women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000;85(8):2660-3. DOI:10.1210/jcem.85.8.6708
13. de Souza HS, Jardim TV, Barroso WKS, et al. Hormonal assessment of participants in a long distance walk. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2019;11:19. DOI:10.1186/s13098-019-0414-1
14. Walker S, Santolamazza F, Kraemer W, Häkkinen K. Effects of prolonged hypertrophic resistance training on acute endocrine responses in young and older men. J Aging Phys Act. 2015;23(2):230-6. DOI:10.1123/japa.2013-0029
15. Kim J, Saidel GM, Kirwan JP, Cabrera ME. Computational model of glucose homeostasis during exercise. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2006;2006:311-4. DOI:10.1109/IEMBS.2006.260736
16. Tabata I, Ogita F, Miyachi M, Shibayama H. Effect of low blood glucose on plasma CRF, ACTH, and cortisol during prolonged physical exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985). 1991;71(5):1807-12. DOI:10.1152/jappl.1991.71.5.1807
17. Demidova TYu, Skuridina DV, Kochina AS. Effects of physical activity on prolactin and thyroid hormones. Academy of Medicine and Sports. 2021;2(3):25-9 (in Russian). DOI:10.15829/2712-7567-2021-34
18. Hackney AC. Stress and the neuroendocrine system: The role of exercise as a stressor and modifier of stress. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab. 2006;1(6):783-92. DOI:10.1586/17446651.1.6.783
19. Wright HE, Selkirk GA, McLellan TM. HPA and SAS responses to increasing core temperature during uncompensable exertional heat stress in trained and untrained males. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2010;108(5):987-97. DOI:10.1007/s00421-009-1294-0
20. Currier BS, Mcleod JC, Banfield L, et al. Resistance training prescription for muscle strength and hypertrophy in healthy adults: A systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2023;57(18):1211-20. DOI:10.1136/bjsports-2023-106807
21. Malin SK, Rynders CA, Weltman JY, et al. Exercise intensity modulates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion when adjusted for adipose, liver and skeletal muscle insulin resistance. PLoS One. 2016;11(4):e0154063. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0154063
22. Botvineva LA, Koryagina YuV. Physical activity and somatotropic hormone. Russian Journal of Sports Science: Medicine, Physiology, Training. 2022;3(3):11-6 (in Russian). DOI:10.51871/2782- 6570_2022_01_03_2
23. Kraemer WJ, Ratamess NA, Nindl BC. Recovery responses of testosterone, growth hormone, and IGF-1 after resistance exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985).
2017;122(3):549-58. DOI:10.1152/japplphysiol.00599.2016
24. Hackney AC, Lane AR. Exercise and the regulation of endocrine hormones. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci. 2015;135:293-311. DOI:10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.07.001
25. Walker S, Häkkinen K, Virtanen R, et al. Acute neuromuscular and hormonal responses to 20 versus 40% velocity loss in males and females before and after 8 weeks of velocity-loss resistance training. Exp Physiol. 2022;107(9):1046-60. DOI:10.1113/EP090371
26. Gilbert KL, Stokes KA, Hall GM, Thompson D. Growth hormone responses to 3 different exercise bouts in 18- to 25- and 40- to 50-year-old men. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2008;33(4):706-12. DOI:110.1139/H08-034
27. Bird SP, Tarpenning KM, Marino FE. Designing resistance training programmes to enhance muscular fitness: a review of the acute programme variables. Sports Med. 2005;35(10):841-51. DOI:10.2165/00007256-200535100-00002
28. Arwert LI, Roos JC, Lips P, et al. Effects of 10 years of growth hormone (GH) replacement therapy in adult GH-deficient men. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2005;63(3):310-6. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2005.02343.x
29. Ritsche K, Nindl BC, Wideman L. Exercise-Induced growth hormone during acute sleep deprivation. Physiol Rep. 2014;2(10):e12166. DOI:10.14814/phy2.12166
30. McGlory C, Phillips SM. Exercise and the Regulation of skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci. 2015;135:153-73. DOI:10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.06.018
31. West DW, Kujbida GW, Moore DR, et al. Resistance exercise-induced increases in putative anabolic hormones do not enhance muscle protein synthesis or intracellular signalling in young men. J Physiol. 2009;587(Pt. 21):5239-47. DOI:10.1113/jphysiol.2009.177220
32. West DW, Cotie LM, Mitchell CJ, et al. Resistance exercise order does not determine postexercise delivery of testosterone, growth hormone, and IGF-1 to skeletal muscle. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2013;38(2):220-6. DOI:10.1139/apnm-2012-0397
33. Lin J, Yang L, Huang J, et al. Insulin-like growth factor 1 and risk of cardiovascular disease: Results from the UK biobank cohort study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab.
2023;108(9):e850-60. DOI:10.1210/clinem/dgad105
34. Li B, Feng L, Wu X, et al. Effects of different modes of exercise on skeletal muscle mass and function and IGF-1 signaling during early aging in mice. J Exp Biol. 2022;225(21):jeb244650. DOI:10.1242/jeb.244650
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Авторы

М.А. Берковская*¹, А.А. Эльмурзаева², А.Л.-А. Эдаев¹, Т.Ю. Селахов¹, Х.М. Токаев¹, И.Д. Гурова¹

¹ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет), Москва, Россия;
²ФГБОУ ВО «Чеченский государственный университет им. А.А. Кадырова», Грозный, Россия
*abaitamar@gmail.com

________________________________________________

Marina A. Berkovskaya*¹, Asya A. Elmurzaeva², Api L.-A. Edaev¹, Timerlan Yu. Selakhov¹, Habib M. Tokaev¹, Irina D. Gurova¹

¹Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia;
²Kadyrov Chechen State University, Grozny, Russia
*abaitamar@gmail.com

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