Обоснование. Мелкоклеточный рак легкого (МКРЛ), преимущественно развивающийся вследствие курения, представляет собой крайне дифференцированную быстрорастущую эпителиально-клеточную карциному высокой степени злокачественности, происходящую из нейроэндокринных клеток бронхов. Почти у 70% пациентов с МКРЛ на момент постановки диагноза отмечается наличие метастазов, что требует применения лекарственных методов лечения, в том числе иммунотерапии (ИТ). Цель. Оценить эффективность и безопасность применения ингибиторов контрольных точек иммунитета у пациентов с МКРЛ. Материалы и методы. В ретроспективное многоцентровое нерандомизированное исследование включен 121 пациент (90 мужчин и 31 женщина) в возрасте от 44 до 84 лет. У большинства (90,9%) больных лечение проводилось в рамках 1-й линии терапии. Ингибиторы контрольных точек иммунитета назначались во 2-й линии и последующих линиях лечения 9,1% пациентов. Ослабленное (ECOG 2–3) состояние на момент начала лечения отмечено у 30 (24,8%) больных. Результаты. Выживаемость без прогрессирования у пациентов с МКРЛ, получающих 1-ю линию, составила 5,82 (95% ДИ 3,92–7,72) мес, а 2-ю и более линии – 6,21 (95% ДИ 0,76–11,66) мес. Общая выживаемость у пациентов с МКРЛ, получающих 1-ю линию ИТ, составила 8,0 (95% ДИ 6,18–9,81) мес, а 2-ю и более линии – 11,3 (95% ДИ 4,31–18,29) мес (p=0,108). Объективный ответ достигнут у 43 (35,5%) пациентов, из которых на 1-й линии ИТ находились 38 (34,5%), на 2-й и более – 5 (45,5%) пациентов. Иммуноопосредованные нежелательные явления 3–4-й степени наблюдались лишь у 18 (14,9%) пациентов. Заключение. ИТ МКРЛ позволяет достичь высоких показателей объективного ответа и контроля над заболеванием. Для данного метода лечения характерно незначительное количество иммуноопосредованных нежелательных явлений 3–4-й степени, что свидетельствует о приемлемом профиле безопасности.
Background. Small cell lung cancer (SCLC), predominantly due to smoking, is a highly differentiated, rapidly growing epithelial cell carcinoma of high malignancy originating from bronchial neuroendocrine cells. Almost 70% of SCLC patients have metastases at the time of diagnosis, which requires the use of drug therapies, including immunotherapy. Aim. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with small cell lung cancer. Materials and methods. One hundred and twenty one patients (90 men and 31 women) aged 44 to 84 years were included in the retrospective multicentre non-randomised study. The majority (90.9%) of patients were treated in the 1st line of therapy. IT were administered in the 2nd line and subsequent lines of treatment in 9.1% of patients. Weakened (ECOG 2–3) state at the time of treatment initiation was noted in 30 (24.8%) patients. Results. Progression-free survival in patients with SCLC receiving 1st-line treatment was 5.82 (95% CI 3.92–7.72) months, and 2nd-line and beyond was 6.21 (95% CI 0.76–11.66) months. Survival in patients with small-cell lung cancer receiving 1st-line IT was 8.0 (95% CI 6.18–9.81) months, and 2nd-line or longer was 11.3 months (95% CI 4.31–18.29) months (p=0.108). Objective response was achieved in 43 (35.5%) patients, of whom 38 (34.5%) were on first-line IT and 5 (45.5%) patients were on 2nd or more. iAEs grade 3–4 was observed in only 18 (14.9%) patients. Conclusion. Immunotherapy for SCLC allows achieving high rates of objective response and disease control. This method of treatment is characterized by insignificant number of grade 3–4 immune-mediated adverse events, which indicates an acceptable safety profile.
1. Meijer JJ, Leonetti A, Airò G, et al. Small cell lung cancer: Novel treatments beyond immunotherapy. Semin Cancer Biol. 2022;86(Pt. 2):376-85. DOI:10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.05.004
2. Travis WD. Update on small cell carcinoma and its diferentiation from squamous cell carcinoma and other non-small cell carcinomas. Mod Pathol. 2012;25(Suppl. 1):S18-30. DOI:10.1038/modpathol.2011.150
3. Travis WD. Advances in neuroendocrine lung tumors. Ann Oncol. 2010;21(Suppl. 7):vii65-71. DOI:10.1093/annonc/mdq380
4. Rudin CM, Ismaila N, Hann CL, et al. Treatment of Small-Cell Lung Cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology Endorsement of the American College of Chest Physicians Guideline. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33(34):4106-11. DOI:10.1200/JCO.2015.63.7918
5. Chan BA, Coward JI. Chemotherapy advances in small-cell lung cancer. J Thorac Dis. 2013;5 Suppl. 5(Suppl. 5):S565-78. DOI:10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2013.07.43
6. Lally BE, Urbanic JJ, Blackstock AW, et al. Small cell lung cancer: have we made any progress over the last 25 years? Oncologist. 2007;12(9):1096-104.
DOI:10.1634/theoncologist.12-9-1096
7. Maddison P, Newsom-Davis J, Mills KR, Souhami RL. Favourable prognosis in Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome and small-cell lung carcinoma. Lancet. 1999;353(9147):117-8. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)76153-5
8. Li Q, Yuan D, Ma C, et al. A new hope: the immunotherapy in small cell lung cancer. Neoplasma. 2016;63(3):342-50. DOI:10.4149/302_151001N511
9. Mellman I, Coukos G, Dranoff G. Cancer immunotherapy comes of age. Nature. 2011;480(7378):480-9. DOI:10.1038/nature10673
10. Asmar R, Rizvi NA. Immunotherapy for Advanced Lung Cancer. Cancer J. 2015;21(5):383-91. DOI:10.1097/PPO.0000000000000151
11. Yamane H, Isozaki H, Takeyama M, et al. Programmed cell death protein 1 and programmed death-ligand 1 are expressed on the surface of some small-cell lung cancer lines. Am J Cancer Res. 2015;5(4):1553-7.
12. Horn L, Mansfield AS, Szczęsna A, et al. First-Line Atezolizumab plus Chemotherapy in Extensive-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(23):2220-9. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1809064
13. Paz-Ares L, Dvorkin M, Chen Y, et al. Durvalumab plus platinum-etoposide versus platinum-etoposide in first-line treatment of extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (CASPIAN): a randomised, controlled, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2019;394(10212):1929-39. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32222-6
14. Rudin CM, Awad MM, Navarro A, et al. Pembrolizumab or Placebo Plus Etoposide and Platinum as First-Line Therapy for Extensive-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase III KEYNOTE-604 Study. J Clin Oncol. 2020;38(21):2369-79. DOI:10.1200/JCO.20.00793
15. Reck M, Luft A, Szczesna A, et al. Phase III Randomized Trial of Ipilimumab Plus Etoposide and Platinum Versus Placebo Plus Etoposide and Platinum in Extensive-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34(31):3740-8. DOI:10.1200/JCO.2016.67.6601
16. Ott PA, Elez E, Hiret S, et al. Pembrolizumab in Patients With Extensive-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Results From the Phase Ib KEYNOTE-028 Study. J Clin Oncol.
2017;35(34):3823-9. DOI:10.1200/JCO.2017.72.5069
17. Chung HC, Lopez-Martin JA, Kao SC-H, et al. Phase 2 study of pembrolizumab in advanced small-cell lung cancer (SCLC): KEYNOTE-158. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36:8506.
18. Antonia SJ, López-Martin JA, Bendell J, et al. Nivolumab alone and nivolumab plus ipilimumab in recurrent small-cell lung cancer (CheckMate 032): a multicentre, open-label, phase 1/2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2016;17(7):883-95. DOI:10.1016/S1470-2045(16)30098-5
19. Owonikoko TK, Park K, Govindan R, et al. Nivolumab and Ipilimumab as Maintenance Therapy in Extensive-Disease Small-Cell Lung Cancer: CheckMate 451. J Clin Oncol. 2021;39(12):1349-59. DOI:10.1200/JCO.20.02212
________________________________________________
1. Meijer JJ, Leonetti A, Airò G, et al. Small cell lung cancer: Novel treatments beyond immunotherapy. Semin Cancer Biol. 2022;86(Pt. 2):376-85. DOI:10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.05.004
2. Travis WD. Update on small cell carcinoma and its diferentiation from squamous cell carcinoma and other non-small cell carcinomas. Mod Pathol. 2012;25(Suppl. 1):S18-30. DOI:10.1038/modpathol.2011.150
3. Travis WD. Advances in neuroendocrine lung tumors. Ann Oncol. 2010;21(Suppl. 7):vii65-71. DOI:10.1093/annonc/mdq380
4. Rudin CM, Ismaila N, Hann CL, et al. Treatment of Small-Cell Lung Cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology Endorsement of the American College of Chest Physicians Guideline. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33(34):4106-11. DOI:10.1200/JCO.2015.63.7918
5. Chan BA, Coward JI. Chemotherapy advances in small-cell lung cancer. J Thorac Dis. 2013;5 Suppl. 5(Suppl. 5):S565-78. DOI:10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2013.07.43
6. Lally BE, Urbanic JJ, Blackstock AW, et al. Small cell lung cancer: have we made any progress over the last 25 years? Oncologist. 2007;12(9):1096-104.
DOI:10.1634/theoncologist.12-9-1096
7. Maddison P, Newsom-Davis J, Mills KR, Souhami RL. Favourable prognosis in Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome and small-cell lung carcinoma. Lancet. 1999;353(9147):117-8. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)76153-5
8. Li Q, Yuan D, Ma C, et al. A new hope: the immunotherapy in small cell lung cancer. Neoplasma. 2016;63(3):342-50. DOI:10.4149/302_151001N511
9. Mellman I, Coukos G, Dranoff G. Cancer immunotherapy comes of age. Nature. 2011;480(7378):480-9. DOI:10.1038/nature10673
10. Asmar R, Rizvi NA. Immunotherapy for Advanced Lung Cancer. Cancer J. 2015;21(5):383-91. DOI:10.1097/PPO.0000000000000151
11. Yamane H, Isozaki H, Takeyama M, et al. Programmed cell death protein 1 and programmed death-ligand 1 are expressed on the surface of some small-cell lung cancer lines. Am J Cancer Res. 2015;5(4):1553-7.
12. Horn L, Mansfield AS, Szczęsna A, et al. First-Line Atezolizumab plus Chemotherapy in Extensive-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(23):2220-9. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1809064
13. Paz-Ares L, Dvorkin M, Chen Y, et al. Durvalumab plus platinum-etoposide versus platinum-etoposide in first-line treatment of extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (CASPIAN): a randomised, controlled, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2019;394(10212):1929-39. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32222-6
14. Rudin CM, Awad MM, Navarro A, et al. Pembrolizumab or Placebo Plus Etoposide and Platinum as First-Line Therapy for Extensive-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase III KEYNOTE-604 Study. J Clin Oncol. 2020;38(21):2369-79. DOI:10.1200/JCO.20.00793
15. Reck M, Luft A, Szczesna A, et al. Phase III Randomized Trial of Ipilimumab Plus Etoposide and Platinum Versus Placebo Plus Etoposide and Platinum in Extensive-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34(31):3740-8. DOI:10.1200/JCO.2016.67.6601
16. Ott PA, Elez E, Hiret S, et al. Pembrolizumab in Patients With Extensive-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Results From the Phase Ib KEYNOTE-028 Study. J Clin Oncol.
2017;35(34):3823-9. DOI:10.1200/JCO.2017.72.5069
17. Chung HC, Lopez-Martin JA, Kao SC-H, et al. Phase 2 study of pembrolizumab in advanced small-cell lung cancer (SCLC): KEYNOTE-158. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36:8506.
18. Antonia SJ, López-Martin JA, Bendell J, et al. Nivolumab alone and nivolumab plus ipilimumab in recurrent small-cell lung cancer (CheckMate 032): a multicentre, open-label, phase 1/2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2016;17(7):883-95. DOI:10.1016/S1470-2045(16)30098-5
19. Owonikoko TK, Park K, Govindan R, et al. Nivolumab and Ipilimumab as Maintenance Therapy in Extensive-Disease Small-Cell Lung Cancer: CheckMate 451. J Clin Oncol. 2021;39(12):1349-59. DOI:10.1200/JCO.20.02212
1ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница им. С.С. Юдина» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы, Москва, Россия; 2Новокузнецкий государственный институт усовершенствования врачей – филиал ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России, Новокузнецк, Россия; 3ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия; 4ООО «Московский центр восстановительного лечения», Москва, Россия
*deni_fe@mail.ru
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Marina A. Lyadova1,2, Denis S. Fedorinov*1,3, Julia S. Mansurova1, Evgeniya S. Kuzmina1, Yury S. Esakov1, Konstantin V. Lyadov4, Vsevolod N. Galkin1, Irina V. Poddubnaya3
1Yudin Moscow City Hospital, Moscow, Russia; 2Novokuznetsk State Institute for Further Training of Physicians – branch campus of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Novokuznetsk, Russia; 3Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia; 4Moscow Center for Restorative Treatment LLC, Moscow, Russia
*deni_fe@mail.ru