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Менопаузальная гормональная терапия: современные подходы к применению и назначению
Менопаузальная гормональная терапия: современные подходы к применению и назначению
Пауков С.В., Леваков С.А., Шешукова Н.А. Менопаузальная гормональная терапия: современные подходы к применению и назначению. Consilium Medicum. 2024;26(7):427–431. DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2024.7.202938
© ООО «КОНСИЛИУМ МЕДИКУМ», 2024 г.
© ООО «КОНСИЛИУМ МЕДИКУМ», 2024 г.
________________________________________________
Материалы доступны только для специалистов сферы здравоохранения. Авторизуйтесь или зарегистрируйтесь.
Аннотация
В работе представлен обзор отечественной и зарубежной литературы, касающейся современных представлений о целевых группах для менопаузальной гормональной терапии, особенностях ее применения, и практические рекомендации по назначению менопаузальной гормональной терапии.
Ключевые слова: менопауза, менопаузальная гормональная терапия, дефицит эстрогенов, онкологические риски
Keywords: menopause, menopausal hormone therapy, estrogen deficiency, cancer risks
Ключевые слова: менопауза, менопаузальная гормональная терапия, дефицит эстрогенов, онкологические риски
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Keywords: menopause, menopausal hormone therapy, estrogen deficiency, cancer risks
Полный текст
Список литературы
1. EMAS press release: Menopause in the workplace must become a global policy, 2020.
2. Драбкина Ю.С. Менопаузальная гормональная терапия: новый взгляд на старые проблемы. Медицинский совет. 2019;(13):138-41 [Drabkina IuS. Menopauzal’naia gormonal’naia terapiia: novyi vzgliad na starye problemy. Meditsinskii sovet. 2019;(13):138-41 (in Russian)].
3. Jaspers L, Daan NM, van Dijk GM, at al. Health in Moddle-Aged and Elderly women: a conceptual framework for healthy menopause. Maturition. 2015;811(1):93-8. DOI:10.1016/j.maturitas.2015.02.010
4. Goyal S, Baruah M, Devi R, Jain K. Study on relation of metabolic syndrome with menopause. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2013;28(1):55-60. DOI:10.1007/s12291-012-0243-6.
5. Harlow SD, Gass M, Hall IE, et al. Executive summary of the Stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop + 10: addressing an unfinished agenda of staging reproductive aging. Climacteric. 2012;15(2):105-14.
6. Менопауза и климактерические состояния у женщин. Клинические рекомендации РОАГ, КР117, 2021 [Menopauza i klimaktericheskie sostoianiia u zhenshchin. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii ROAG, KR117, 2021 (in Russian)].
7. Менопауза и климактерические состояния у женщин. Клинические рекомендации Минздрава России. М., 2021 [Menopauza i klimaktericheskie sostoianiia u zhenshchin. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii Minzdrava Rossii. Moscow, 2021 (in Russian)].
8. Улумбекова Г.Э., Худова И.Ю. Оценка демографического, социального и экономического эффекта при приеме менопаузальной гормональной терапии. Оргздрав. 2020;6(4):23-53 [Ulumbekova GE, Khudova IIu. Otsenka demograficheskogo, sotsial’nogo i ekonomicheskogo effekta pri prieme menopauzal’noi gormonal’noi terapii. Orgzdrav. 2020;6(4):23-53 (in Russian)].
9. Сметник В.П. Медицина климактерия. М.: Литера, 2008 [Smetnik VP. Meditsina klimakteriia. Moscow: Litera, 2008 (in Russian)].
10. Krichman MI. American-European difference in views on vulvo-vaginal atrophy. Menopausal. 2016;19:252-5.
11. Academic Committee of the Korean Society of Menopause; Lee SR, Cho MK, Cho YJ, et al. The 2020 Menopausal Hormone Therapy Guideline. J Menopausal Med. 2020;26(2):69-92. DOI:10.6118/jmm.20000
12. Jett S, Shelbaum E, Jang G, et al. Ovarian steroid hormones: A long overlooked but critical contributor to brain aging and Alzheimer’s disease. Front Aging Neurosci. 2022;14:948219. DOI:10.3389/fnagi.2022.948219
13. Сухих Г.Т., Сметник В.П., Ильина Л.М., и др. Практические рекомендации. Ведение женщин в пери- и постменопаузе. Ярославль, 2010 [Sukhikh GT, Smetnik VP, Il’ina LM, et al. Prakticheskie rekomendatsii. Vedenie zhenshchin v peri- i postmenopauze. Iaroslavl’, 2010 (in Russian)].
14. Ткачева О.Н., Доброхотова Ю.Э., Дудинская Е.М., и др. Профилактика преждевременного старения у женщин. Методические рекомендации. М.: Минзрав России, 2018 [Tkacheva ON, Dobrokhotova IuE, Dudinskaia EM, et al. Profilaktika prezhdevremennogo stareniia u zhenshchin. Metodicheskie rekomendatsii. Moscow: Minzrav Rossii, 2018 (in Russian)].
15. Averyanova M, Vishnyakova P, Yakushevskaya O, et al. Sex hormones and immune system: Menopausal Hormone Therapy in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. Front Immunol. 2022;13:928171. DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2022.928171
16. Costaira R, Lee KA, Murray B, et al. Estrogens and COVID-19 symptoms: association with women from the COVID-19 study. PloS One. 2021;16(9):e0257051. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0257051
17. Sund M, Forneca-Rodriques O, Josephman A, et al. Association between phamaceutical modulation of estrogen in postmenopausal women in Sweden and death causes due COVID-19: a cohort study. BMG Open. 2022;2(2):e053032. DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053032
18. Deli T, Orosz M, Jakab A. Hormone Replacement Therapy in Cancer Survivors – Review of the Literature. Pathol Oncol Res. 2020;26(1):63-78.
19. Lyytinen H, Pukkala E, Ylikorkala O, et al. Breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women using estrogen-progestagen therapy. Obstet Gynecol. 2009;113(1):65-79. DOI:10.1097/AOG.0b013e31818e8cd6
20. Ruan X, Mueck AO. The choice of progestogen for HRT in menopausal women: breast cancer risk is a major issue. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig. 2018;18(371).
DOI:10.1515/hmbci-2018-0019
21. Arbin N, Tomassino M, Depuidt C, Deliner J. Are 20 human papillomavirus types causing cervical cancer? J Pathol. 2014;243:431-5.
22. Baber RG, Panay N, Fenton A; IMS Writing Group. 2016 IMS Recommendations on women’s midlife health and menopause hormone therapy. Climacteric. 2016;19(2):109-50. DOI:10.3109/13697137.2015.1129166
23. BMS Handbook. 6th ed. London. 2020.
24. EMAS resource area on menopause in the workplace. Available at: https://www.emas-online.org/emas-and-menopause-in-the-workplace-2021. Accessed: 20.01.2021.
25. EMAS 2021 Global Recommendations on Menopause in the Workplace.
26. Greenwald MV, Gluck OS, Lang E, Rakov V. Oral hormone therapy with 17-beta estradiol in prevention of bone loss in early postmenopausal women: dose-depended effect. Menopause. 2015;12(6):741-8. DOI:10.1097/01.gme.0000184425.73567.12
27. The 2022 hormone therapy Position Statement of the North American Menopause Society. Menopause. 2022;28(9):767-70.
28. Ашрафян Л.А., Балан В.Е., Баранов И.И., и др. Алгоритм применения менопаузальной гормональной терапии у женщин в период пери- и постменопаузы. Совместная позиция экспертов РОАГ, РАМ, АГЭ, РАОП. Акушерство и гинекология. 2021;3:210-21 [Ashrafian LA, Balan VE, Baranov II, et al. Algorithms for menopausal hormone therapy during the period of peri- and postmenopause. Joint position statement of RSOG RAM, AGE, RAOP experts. Obstetrics and Gynegology. 2021;3:210-21 (in Russian)].
29. Australian Menopause Society. Available at: https://www. Menopause.org.au/hp/management/early-menopause. Assessed: 20.01.2021.
2. Drabkina IuS. Menopauzal’naia gormonal’naia terapiia: novyi vzgliad na starye problemy. Meditsinskii sovet. 2019;(13):138-41 (in Russian).
3. Jaspers L, Daan NM, van Dijk GM, at al. Health in Moddle-Aged and Elderly women: a conceptual framework for healthy menopause. Maturition. 2015;811(1):93-8. DOI:10.1016/j.maturitas.2015.02.010
4. Goyal S, Baruah M, Devi R, Jain K. Study on relation of metabolic syndrome with menopause. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2013;28(1):55-60. DOI:10.1007/s12291-012-0243-6.
5. Harlow SD, Gass M, Hall IE, et al. Executive summary of the Stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop + 10: addressing an unfinished agenda of staging reproductive aging. Climacteric. 2012;15(2):105-14.
6. Menopauza i klimaktericheskie sostoianiia u zhenshchin. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii ROAG, KR117, 2021 (in Russian).
7. Menopauza i klimaktericheskie sostoianiia u zhenshchin. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii Minzdrava Rossii. Moscow, 2021 (in Russian).
8. Ulumbekova GE, Khudova IIu. Otsenka demograficheskogo, sotsial’nogo i ekonomicheskogo effekta pri prieme menopauzal’noi gormonal’noi terapii. Orgzdrav. 2020;6(4):23-53 (in Russian).
9. Smetnik VP. Meditsina klimakteriia. Moscow: Litera, 2008 (in Russian).
10. Krichman MI. American-European difference in views on vulvo-vaginal atrophy. Menopausal. 2016;19:252-5.
11. Academic Committee of the Korean Society of Menopause; Lee SR, Cho MK, Cho YJ, et al. The 2020 Menopausal Hormone Therapy Guideline. J Menopausal Med. 2020;26(2):69-92. DOI:10.6118/jmm.20000
12. Jett S, Shelbaum E, Jang G, et al. Ovarian steroid hormones: A long overlooked but critical contributor to brain aging and Alzheimer’s disease. Front Aging Neurosci. 2022;14:948219. DOI:10.3389/fnagi.2022.948219
13. Sukhikh GT, Smetnik VP, Il’ina LM, et al. Prakticheskie rekomendatsii. Vedenie zhenshchin v peri- i postmenopauze. Iaroslavl’, 2010 (in Russian).
14. Tkacheva ON, Dobrokhotova IuE, Dudinskaia EM, et al. Profilaktika prezhdevremennogo stareniia u zhenshchin. Metodicheskie rekomendatsii. Moscow: Minzrav Rossii, 2018 (in Russian).
15. Averyanova M, Vishnyakova P, Yakushevskaya O, et al. Sex hormones and immune system: Menopausal Hormone Therapy in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. Front Immunol. 2022;13:928171. DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2022.928171
16. Costaira R, Lee KA, Murray B, et al. Estrogens and COVID-19 symptoms: association with women from the COVID-19 study. PloS One. 2021;16(9):e0257051. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0257051
17. Sund M, Forneca-Rodriques O, Josephman A, et al. Association between phamaceutical modulation of estrogen in postmenopausal women in Sweden and death causes due COVID-19: a cohort study. BMG Open. 2022;2(2):e053032. DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053032
18. Deli T, Orosz M, Jakab A. Hormone Replacement Therapy in Cancer Survivors – Review of the Literature. Pathol Oncol Res. 2020;26(1):63-78.
19. Lyytinen H, Pukkala E, Ylikorkala O, et al. Breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women using estrogen-progestagen therapy. Obstet Gynecol. 2009;113(1):65-79. DOI:10.1097/AOG.0b013e31818e8cd6
20. Ruan X, Mueck AO. The choice of progestogen for HRT in menopausal women: breast cancer risk is a major issue. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig. 2018;18(371).
DOI:10.1515/hmbci-2018-0019
21. Arbin N, Tomassino M, Depuidt C, Deliner J. Are 20 human papillomavirus types causing cervical cancer? J Pathol. 2014;243:431-5.
22. Baber RG, Panay N, Fenton A; IMS Writing Group. 2016 IMS Recommendations on women’s midlife health and menopause hormone therapy. Climacteric. 2016;19(2):109-50. DOI:10.3109/13697137.2015.1129166
23. BMS Handbook. 6th ed. London. 2020.
24. EMAS resource area on menopause in the workplace. Available at: https://www.emas-online.org/emas-and-menopause-in-the-workplace-2021. Accessed: 20.01.2021.
25. EMAS 2021 Global Recommendations on Menopause in the Workplace.
26. Greenwald MV, Gluck OS, Lang E, Rakov V. Oral hormone therapy with 17-beta estradiol in prevention of bone loss in early postmenopausal women: dose-depended effect. Menopause. 2015;12(6):741-8. DOI:10.1097/01.gme.0000184425.73567.12
27. The 2022 hormone therapy Position Statement of the North American Menopause Society. Menopause. 2022;28(9):767-70.
28. Ashrafian LA, Balan VE, Baranov II, et al. Algorithms for menopausal hormone therapy during the period of peri- and postmenopause. Joint position statement of RSOG RAM, AGE, RAOP experts. Obstetrics and Gynegology. 2021;3:210-21 (in Russian).
29. Australian Menopause Society. Available at: https://www. Menopause.org.au/hp/management/early-menopause. Assessed: 20.01.2021.
2. Драбкина Ю.С. Менопаузальная гормональная терапия: новый взгляд на старые проблемы. Медицинский совет. 2019;(13):138-41 [Drabkina IuS. Menopauzal’naia gormonal’naia terapiia: novyi vzgliad na starye problemy. Meditsinskii sovet. 2019;(13):138-41 (in Russian)].
3. Jaspers L, Daan NM, van Dijk GM, at al. Health in Moddle-Aged and Elderly women: a conceptual framework for healthy menopause. Maturition. 2015;811(1):93-8. DOI:10.1016/j.maturitas.2015.02.010
4. Goyal S, Baruah M, Devi R, Jain K. Study on relation of metabolic syndrome with menopause. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2013;28(1):55-60. DOI:10.1007/s12291-012-0243-6.
5. Harlow SD, Gass M, Hall IE, et al. Executive summary of the Stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop + 10: addressing an unfinished agenda of staging reproductive aging. Climacteric. 2012;15(2):105-14.
6. Менопауза и климактерические состояния у женщин. Клинические рекомендации РОАГ, КР117, 2021 [Menopauza i klimaktericheskie sostoianiia u zhenshchin. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii ROAG, KR117, 2021 (in Russian)].
7. Менопауза и климактерические состояния у женщин. Клинические рекомендации Минздрава России. М., 2021 [Menopauza i klimaktericheskie sostoianiia u zhenshchin. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii Minzdrava Rossii. Moscow, 2021 (in Russian)].
8. Улумбекова Г.Э., Худова И.Ю. Оценка демографического, социального и экономического эффекта при приеме менопаузальной гормональной терапии. Оргздрав. 2020;6(4):23-53 [Ulumbekova GE, Khudova IIu. Otsenka demograficheskogo, sotsial’nogo i ekonomicheskogo effekta pri prieme menopauzal’noi gormonal’noi terapii. Orgzdrav. 2020;6(4):23-53 (in Russian)].
9. Сметник В.П. Медицина климактерия. М.: Литера, 2008 [Smetnik VP. Meditsina klimakteriia. Moscow: Litera, 2008 (in Russian)].
10. Krichman MI. American-European difference in views on vulvo-vaginal atrophy. Menopausal. 2016;19:252-5.
11. Academic Committee of the Korean Society of Menopause; Lee SR, Cho MK, Cho YJ, et al. The 2020 Menopausal Hormone Therapy Guideline. J Menopausal Med. 2020;26(2):69-92. DOI:10.6118/jmm.20000
12. Jett S, Shelbaum E, Jang G, et al. Ovarian steroid hormones: A long overlooked but critical contributor to brain aging and Alzheimer’s disease. Front Aging Neurosci. 2022;14:948219. DOI:10.3389/fnagi.2022.948219
13. Сухих Г.Т., Сметник В.П., Ильина Л.М., и др. Практические рекомендации. Ведение женщин в пери- и постменопаузе. Ярославль, 2010 [Sukhikh GT, Smetnik VP, Il’ina LM, et al. Prakticheskie rekomendatsii. Vedenie zhenshchin v peri- i postmenopauze. Iaroslavl’, 2010 (in Russian)].
14. Ткачева О.Н., Доброхотова Ю.Э., Дудинская Е.М., и др. Профилактика преждевременного старения у женщин. Методические рекомендации. М.: Минзрав России, 2018 [Tkacheva ON, Dobrokhotova IuE, Dudinskaia EM, et al. Profilaktika prezhdevremennogo stareniia u zhenshchin. Metodicheskie rekomendatsii. Moscow: Minzrav Rossii, 2018 (in Russian)].
15. Averyanova M, Vishnyakova P, Yakushevskaya O, et al. Sex hormones and immune system: Menopausal Hormone Therapy in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. Front Immunol. 2022;13:928171. DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2022.928171
16. Costaira R, Lee KA, Murray B, et al. Estrogens and COVID-19 symptoms: association with women from the COVID-19 study. PloS One. 2021;16(9):e0257051. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0257051
17. Sund M, Forneca-Rodriques O, Josephman A, et al. Association between phamaceutical modulation of estrogen in postmenopausal women in Sweden and death causes due COVID-19: a cohort study. BMG Open. 2022;2(2):e053032. DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053032
18. Deli T, Orosz M, Jakab A. Hormone Replacement Therapy in Cancer Survivors – Review of the Literature. Pathol Oncol Res. 2020;26(1):63-78.
19. Lyytinen H, Pukkala E, Ylikorkala O, et al. Breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women using estrogen-progestagen therapy. Obstet Gynecol. 2009;113(1):65-79. DOI:10.1097/AOG.0b013e31818e8cd6
20. Ruan X, Mueck AO. The choice of progestogen for HRT in menopausal women: breast cancer risk is a major issue. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig. 2018;18(371).
DOI:10.1515/hmbci-2018-0019
21. Arbin N, Tomassino M, Depuidt C, Deliner J. Are 20 human papillomavirus types causing cervical cancer? J Pathol. 2014;243:431-5.
22. Baber RG, Panay N, Fenton A; IMS Writing Group. 2016 IMS Recommendations on women’s midlife health and menopause hormone therapy. Climacteric. 2016;19(2):109-50. DOI:10.3109/13697137.2015.1129166
23. BMS Handbook. 6th ed. London. 2020.
24. EMAS resource area on menopause in the workplace. Available at: https://www.emas-online.org/emas-and-menopause-in-the-workplace-2021. Accessed: 20.01.2021.
25. EMAS 2021 Global Recommendations on Menopause in the Workplace.
26. Greenwald MV, Gluck OS, Lang E, Rakov V. Oral hormone therapy with 17-beta estradiol in prevention of bone loss in early postmenopausal women: dose-depended effect. Menopause. 2015;12(6):741-8. DOI:10.1097/01.gme.0000184425.73567.12
27. The 2022 hormone therapy Position Statement of the North American Menopause Society. Menopause. 2022;28(9):767-70.
28. Ашрафян Л.А., Балан В.Е., Баранов И.И., и др. Алгоритм применения менопаузальной гормональной терапии у женщин в период пери- и постменопаузы. Совместная позиция экспертов РОАГ, РАМ, АГЭ, РАОП. Акушерство и гинекология. 2021;3:210-21 [Ashrafian LA, Balan VE, Baranov II, et al. Algorithms for menopausal hormone therapy during the period of peri- and postmenopause. Joint position statement of RSOG RAM, AGE, RAOP experts. Obstetrics and Gynegology. 2021;3:210-21 (in Russian)].
29. Australian Menopause Society. Available at: https://www. Menopause.org.au/hp/management/early-menopause. Assessed: 20.01.2021.
________________________________________________
2. Drabkina IuS. Menopauzal’naia gormonal’naia terapiia: novyi vzgliad na starye problemy. Meditsinskii sovet. 2019;(13):138-41 (in Russian).
3. Jaspers L, Daan NM, van Dijk GM, at al. Health in Moddle-Aged and Elderly women: a conceptual framework for healthy menopause. Maturition. 2015;811(1):93-8. DOI:10.1016/j.maturitas.2015.02.010
4. Goyal S, Baruah M, Devi R, Jain K. Study on relation of metabolic syndrome with menopause. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2013;28(1):55-60. DOI:10.1007/s12291-012-0243-6.
5. Harlow SD, Gass M, Hall IE, et al. Executive summary of the Stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop + 10: addressing an unfinished agenda of staging reproductive aging. Climacteric. 2012;15(2):105-14.
6. Menopauza i klimaktericheskie sostoianiia u zhenshchin. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii ROAG, KR117, 2021 (in Russian).
7. Menopauza i klimaktericheskie sostoianiia u zhenshchin. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii Minzdrava Rossii. Moscow, 2021 (in Russian).
8. Ulumbekova GE, Khudova IIu. Otsenka demograficheskogo, sotsial’nogo i ekonomicheskogo effekta pri prieme menopauzal’noi gormonal’noi terapii. Orgzdrav. 2020;6(4):23-53 (in Russian).
9. Smetnik VP. Meditsina klimakteriia. Moscow: Litera, 2008 (in Russian).
10. Krichman MI. American-European difference in views on vulvo-vaginal atrophy. Menopausal. 2016;19:252-5.
11. Academic Committee of the Korean Society of Menopause; Lee SR, Cho MK, Cho YJ, et al. The 2020 Menopausal Hormone Therapy Guideline. J Menopausal Med. 2020;26(2):69-92. DOI:10.6118/jmm.20000
12. Jett S, Shelbaum E, Jang G, et al. Ovarian steroid hormones: A long overlooked but critical contributor to brain aging and Alzheimer’s disease. Front Aging Neurosci. 2022;14:948219. DOI:10.3389/fnagi.2022.948219
13. Sukhikh GT, Smetnik VP, Il’ina LM, et al. Prakticheskie rekomendatsii. Vedenie zhenshchin v peri- i postmenopauze. Iaroslavl’, 2010 (in Russian).
14. Tkacheva ON, Dobrokhotova IuE, Dudinskaia EM, et al. Profilaktika prezhdevremennogo stareniia u zhenshchin. Metodicheskie rekomendatsii. Moscow: Minzrav Rossii, 2018 (in Russian).
15. Averyanova M, Vishnyakova P, Yakushevskaya O, et al. Sex hormones and immune system: Menopausal Hormone Therapy in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. Front Immunol. 2022;13:928171. DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2022.928171
16. Costaira R, Lee KA, Murray B, et al. Estrogens and COVID-19 symptoms: association with women from the COVID-19 study. PloS One. 2021;16(9):e0257051. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0257051
17. Sund M, Forneca-Rodriques O, Josephman A, et al. Association between phamaceutical modulation of estrogen in postmenopausal women in Sweden and death causes due COVID-19: a cohort study. BMG Open. 2022;2(2):e053032. DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053032
18. Deli T, Orosz M, Jakab A. Hormone Replacement Therapy in Cancer Survivors – Review of the Literature. Pathol Oncol Res. 2020;26(1):63-78.
19. Lyytinen H, Pukkala E, Ylikorkala O, et al. Breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women using estrogen-progestagen therapy. Obstet Gynecol. 2009;113(1):65-79. DOI:10.1097/AOG.0b013e31818e8cd6
20. Ruan X, Mueck AO. The choice of progestogen for HRT in menopausal women: breast cancer risk is a major issue. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig. 2018;18(371).
DOI:10.1515/hmbci-2018-0019
21. Arbin N, Tomassino M, Depuidt C, Deliner J. Are 20 human papillomavirus types causing cervical cancer? J Pathol. 2014;243:431-5.
22. Baber RG, Panay N, Fenton A; IMS Writing Group. 2016 IMS Recommendations on women’s midlife health and menopause hormone therapy. Climacteric. 2016;19(2):109-50. DOI:10.3109/13697137.2015.1129166
23. BMS Handbook. 6th ed. London. 2020.
24. EMAS resource area on menopause in the workplace. Available at: https://www.emas-online.org/emas-and-menopause-in-the-workplace-2021. Accessed: 20.01.2021.
25. EMAS 2021 Global Recommendations on Menopause in the Workplace.
26. Greenwald MV, Gluck OS, Lang E, Rakov V. Oral hormone therapy with 17-beta estradiol in prevention of bone loss in early postmenopausal women: dose-depended effect. Menopause. 2015;12(6):741-8. DOI:10.1097/01.gme.0000184425.73567.12
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Авторы
С.В. Пауков*, С.А. Леваков, Н.А. Шешукова
ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет), Москва, Россия
*paukov_s_v@staff.sechenov.ru
Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
*paukov_s_v@staff.sechenov.ru
ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет), Москва, Россия
*paukov_s_v@staff.sechenov.ru
________________________________________________
Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
*paukov_s_v@staff.sechenov.ru
Цель портала OmniDoctor – предоставление профессиональной информации врачам, провизорам и фармацевтам.