Biryukova EV. Obesity – significant medical and social problem of our time: risk factors, pathophysiological determinants, treatment strategies. A review. Consilium Medicum. 2024;26(7):461–469.
DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2024.7.203014
Biryukova EV. Obesity – significant medical and social problem of our time: risk factors, pathophysiological determinants, treatment strategies. A review. Consilium Medicum. 2024;26(7):461–469.
DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2024.7.203014
Ожирение является хроническим полифакторным рецидивирующим состоянием с серьезными последствиями для здоровья людей, которое вносит значительный вклад в статистику заболеваемости и уровня смертности среди населения. Положительный энергетический баланс, который возникает при потреблении пищи в количестве, превышающем расход энергии, либо при снижении расхода энергии считается одним из основных механизмов ожирения. Наиболее часто встречающимся типом ожирения является экзогенное (алиментарно-конституциональное). Существуют различные патофизиологические детерминанты ожирения, среди которых существенная роль отводится самой жировой ткани. Немедикаментозная терапия, включающая изменение образа жизни посредством коррекции питания и расширения объема физических нагрузок, поведенческая терапия, направленная на профилактику или лечение нарушений пищевого поведения, рекомендуются как первый, обязательный и постоянный этап лечения ожирения. Вместе с тем использование только немедикаментозных методов часто ограничено недостаточной эффективностью. Фонтурацетам имеет перспективный потенциал для применения в борьбе с ожирением. Выявленные в ходе исследований механизмы влияния фонтурацетама на контроль массы тела, энергетический гомеостаз, углеводный и жировой обмен, анорексигенный и противовоспалительный эффекты являются ключевыми факторами, определяющими его перспективность для применения в комплексной терапии данного заболевания.
Ключевые слова: ожирение, энергетический баланс, жировая ткань, гипоталамус, хроническое воспаление, нейровоспаление, снижение массы тела, фармакотерапия, фонтурацетам
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Obesity is a chronic multifactorial recurrent condition with serious health consequences that contributes significantly to the morbidity and mortality in the population. A positive energy balance, which occurs when food is consumed in an amount exceeding the energy consumption or when energy consumption is reduced, is considered one of the main mechanisms of obesity. The most common type of obesity is exogenous (alimentary-constitutional). There are various pathophysiological determinants of obesity, with adipose tissue playing the most significant role. Non-pharmacological therapies, including lifestyle changes through nutritional correction and increase in physical activity, behavioral therapies aimed at preventing or treating eating disorders, are recommended as the first, mandatory, and continuous stage of obesity treatment. However, the use of non-pharmacological interventions alone is often limited by insufficient effectiveness. Fonturacetam has a promising potential for use in the fight against obesity. The mechanisms of fonturacetam influence on body weight control, energy homeostasis, carbohydrate and fat metabolism, anorexigenic and anti-inflammatory effects showed in studies are the key factors determining the prospects of fonturacetam use in the complex therapy of obesity.
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1. Blüher M. Obesity: global epidemiology and pathogenesis. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2019;15(5):288-98. DOI:10.1038/s41574-019-0176-8
2. Malik VS, Willet WC, Hu FB. Nearly a decade on – trends, risk factors and policy implications in global obesity. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2020;16(11):615-1.
DOI:10.1038/s41574-020-00411-y
3. Ozhirenie i izbytochnaia massa tela. Available at: https://www.who.int/ru/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight. Accessed: 01.08.2024 (in Russian).
4. Finucane MM, Stevens GA, Cowan MJ, et al. National, regional, and global trends in body-mass index since 1980: systematic analysis of health examination surveys and epidemiological studies with 960 country-years and 9·1 million participants. Lancet. 2011;377(9765):557-67. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62037-5
5. Simmonds M, Llewellyn A, Owen CG, Woolacott N. Predicting adult obesity from childhood obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2016;17(2):95-107. DOI:10.1111/obr.12334
6. Fursov AB, Ospanov OB, Fursov RA. Obesity and COVID-19 – signs of convergence of two pandemiсs. Guidelines to fight obesity based on the principles of «ROOTS». Obesity and Metabolism. 2021;18(4):456-64 (in Russian). DOI:10.14341/omet12745
7. Wise J. Covid-19: Highest death rates seen in countries with most overweight populations. BMJ. 2021;372:n623. DOI:10.1136/bmj.n623
8. Bray GA, Kim KK, Wilding JPH; World Obesity Federation. Obesity: a chronic relapsing progressive disease process. A position statement of the World Obesity Federation. Obes Rev. 2017;18(7):715-23. DOI:10.1111/obr.12551
9. Sbraccia P, Dicker D. Obesity is a chronic progressive relapsing disease of particular interest for internal medicine. Intern Emerg Med. 2023;18(1):1-5.
DOI:10.1007/s11739-022-03129-z
10. Razina AO, Runenko SD, Achkasov EE. Obesity: Current Global and Russian Trends. Annals of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. 2016;71(2):154-9 (in Russian). DOI:10.15690/vramn655
11. Klein S, Gastaldelli A, Yki-Järvinen H, Scherer PE. Why does obesity cause diabetes? Cell Metab. 2022;34(1):11-20. DOI:10.1016/j.cmet.2021.12.012
12. Dedov II, Mokrysheva NG, Mel’nichenko GA, et al. Obesity. Clinical guidelines. Consilium Medicum. 2021;23(4):311-25 (in Russian). DOI:10.26442/20751753.2021.4.200832
13. Dedov I, Shestakova M, Benedetti MM, et al. Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the adult Russian population (NATION study). Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2016;115:90-5. DOI:10.1016/j.diabres.2016.02.010
14. Bjerregaard LG, Jensen BW, Ängquist L, et al. Change in Overweight from Childhood to Early Adulthood and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(14):1302-32. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1713231
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Авторы
Е.В. Бирюкова*
ФГБОУ ВО «Российский университет медицины» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия
*lena@obsudim.ru
________________________________________________
Elena V. Biryukova*
Russian University of Medicine, Moscow, Russia
*lena@obsudim.ru