Терапевтический потенциал мезенхимных стволовых клеток и выделенных из них внеклеточных везикул при туберкулезе различных локализаций

1. Honmou O, Yamashita T, Morita T, et al. Intravenous infusion of auto serum-expanded autologous mesenchymal stem cells in spinal cord injury patients: 13 case series. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2021;203:106565. DOI:10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.106565
2. Nakazaki M, Morita T, Lankford KL, et al. Small extracellular vesicles released by infused mesenchymal stromal cells target M2 macrophages and promote TGF-β upregulation, microvascular stabilization and functional recovery in a rodent model of severe spinal cord injury. J Extracell Vesicles. 2021;10(11):e12137. DOI:10.1002/jev2.12137
3. Ahn SY, Sung DK, Kim YE, et al. Brain-derived neurotropic factor mediates neuroprotection of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles against severe intraventricular hemorrhage in newborn rats. Stem Cells Transl Med. 2021;10(3):374-84. DOI:10.1002/sctm.20-0301
4. Warnecke A, Harre J, Staecker H, et al. Extracellular vesicles from human multipotent stromal cells protect against hearing loss after noise trauma in vivo. Clin Transl Med. 2020;10(8):e262. DOI:10.1002/ctm2.262
5. Balbi C, Vassalli G. Exosomes: Beyond stem cells for cardiac protection and repair. Stem Cells. 2020;38(11):1387-99. DOI:10.1002/stem.3261
6. Loyer X, Zlatanova I, Devue C, et al. Intra-Cardiac Release of Extracellular Vesicles Shapes Inflammation Following Myocardial Infarction. Circ Res. 2018;123(1):100-6. DOI:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.117.311326
7. Cheng M, Yang J, Zhao X, et al. Circulating myocardial microRNAs from infarcted hearts are carried in exosomes and mobilise bone marrow progenitor cells. Nat Commun. 2019;10(1):959. DOI:10.1038/s41467-019-08895-7
8. Mayourian J, Cashman TJ, Ceholski DK, et al. Experimental and Computational Insight Into Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Paracrine Signaling and Heterocellular Coupling Effects on Cardiac Contractility and Arrhythmogenicity. Circ Res. 2017;121(4):411-23. DOI:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.117.310796
9. Gelberman RH, Linderman SW, Jayaram R, et al. Combined Administration of ASCs and BMP-12 Promotes an M2 Macrophage Phenotype and Enhances Tendon Healing. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2017;475(9):2318-31. DOI:10.1007/s11999-017-5369-7
10. Shen H, Yoneda S, Abu-Amer Y, et al. Stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles attenuate the early inflammatory response after tendon injury and repair. J Orthop Res.
2020;38(1):117-27. DOI:10.1002/jor.24406
11. Zhang S, Chuah SJ, Lai RC, et al. MSC exosomes mediate cartilage repair by enhancing proliferation, attenuating apoptosis and modulating immune reactivity. Biomaterials. 2018;156:16-27. DOI:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.11.028
12. Woo CH, Kim HK, Jung GY, et al. Small extracellular vesicles from human adipose-derived stem cells attenuate cartilage degeneration. J Extracell Vesicles. 2020;9(1):1735249. DOI:10.1080/20013078.2020.1735249
13. Zheng J, Wang Q, Leng W, et al. Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium attenuates tubulointerstitial fibrosis by inhibiting monocyte mobilization in an irreversible model of unilateral ureteral obstruction. Mol Med Rep. 2018;17(6):7701-7. DOI:10.3892/mmr.2018.8848
14. Орлова Н.В., Муравьев А.Н., Виноградова Т.И., и др. Клеточные технологии в реконструктивной хирургии мочевого пузыря. Медицинский Альянс. 2015;(1):149 [Orlova NV, Muraviev AN, Vinogradova TI, et al. Kletochnye tekhnologii v rekonstruktivnoi khirurgii mochevogo puzyria. Meditsinskii Al'ians. 2015;(1):149 (in Russian)].
15. Grange C, Tritta S, Tapparo M, et al. Stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles inhibit and revert fibrosis progression in a mouse model of diabetic nephropathy. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):4468. DOI:10.1038/s41598-019-41100-9
16. He J, Wang Y, Sun S, et al. Bone marrow stem cells-derived microvesicles protect against renal injury in the mouse remnant kidney model. Nephrology (Carlton). 2012;17(5):493-500. DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1797.2012.01589.x
17. Гусейнова Ф.М., Виноградова Т.И., Заболотных Н.В., и др. Влияние клеточной терапии мезенхимными клетками стромы костного мозга на процессы репарации при экспериментальном туберкулезном сальпингите. Медицинский Альянс. 2017;(3):35-44 [Guseinova FM, Vinogradova TI, Zabolotnykh NV, et al. The impact of cellular therapy with mesenchymal stem cells of bone marrow on reparation at experimental tuberculous salpingitis. Meditsinskii Al'ians. 2020;(4):35-44 (in Russian)].
18. Eirin A, Zhu XY, Puranik AS, et al. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles attenuate kidney inflammation. Kidney Int. 2017;92(1):114-24. DOI:10.1016/j.kint.2016.12.023
19. Bruno S, Chiabotto G, Favaro E, et al. Role of extracellular vesicles in stem cell biology. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2019;317(2):C303-13. DOI:10.1152/ajpcell.00129.2019
20. Yuan QL, Zhang YG, Chen Q. Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC)-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Potential Therapeutics as MSC Trophic Mediators in Regenerative Medicine. Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2020;303(6):1735-42. DOI:10.1002/ar.24186
21. Bohlbro AS, Hvingelby VS, Rudolf F, et al. Active case-finding of tuberculosis in general populations and at-risk groups: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Respir J. 2021;58(4). DOI:10.1183/13993003.00090-2021
22. Muneer A, Macrae B, Krishnamoorthy S, Zumla A. Urogenital tuberculosis – epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical features. Nat Rev Urol. 2019;16(10):573-98.
DOI:10.1038/s41585-019-0228-9
23. Furin J, Cox H, Pai M. Tuberculosis. Lancet. 2019;393(10181):1642-56. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30308-3
24. Hur YH, Cerione RA, Antonyak MA. Extracellular vesicles and their roles in stem cell biology. Stem Cells. 2020;38(4):469-76. DOI:10.1002/stem.3140
25. Bruno S, Tapparo M, Collino F, et al. Renal Regenerative Potential of Different Extracellular Vesicle Populations Derived from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Tissue Eng Part A. 2017;23(21-22):1262-73. DOI:10.1089/ten.TEA.2017.0069
26. Baek G, Choi H, Kim Y, et al. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Therapeutics and as a Drug Delivery Platform. Stem Cells Transl Med. 2019;8(9):880-6. DOI:10.1002/sctm.18-0226
27. Marar C, Starich B, Wirtz D. Extracellular vesicles in immunomodulation and tumor progression. Nat Immunol. 2021;22(5):560-70. DOI:10.1038/s41590-021-00899-0
28. Harrell CR, Jovicic N, Djonov V, et al. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes and Other Extracellular Vesicles as New Remedies in the Therapy of Inflammatory Diseases. Cells. 2019;8(12). DOI:10.3390/cells8121605
29. Joshi L, Chelluri LK, Gaddam S. Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Therapy in MDR/XDR Tuberculosis: A Concise Review. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz). 2015;63(6):427-33. DOI:10.1007/s00005-015-0347-9
30. Yates AG, Pink RC, Erdbrügger U, et al. In sickness and in health: The functional role of extracellular vesicles in physiology and pathology in vivo: Part II: Pathology: Part II: Pathology. J Extracell Vesicles. 2022;11(1):e12190. DOI:10.1002/jev2.12190
31. Guo H, Su Y, Deng F. Effects of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Lung Diseases: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Stem Cell Rev Rep. 2021;17(2):440-58. DOI:10.1007/s12015-020-10085-8
32. Tieu A, Hu K, Gnyra C, et al. Mesenchymal stromal cell extracellular vesicles as therapy for acute and chronic respiratory diseases: A meta-analysis. J Extracell Vesicles. 2021;10(12):e12141. DOI:10.1002/jev2.12141
33. Dinh PC, Paudel D, Brochu H, et al. Inhalation of lung spheroid cell secretome and exosomes promotes lung repair in pulmonary fibrosis. Nat Commun. 2020;11(1):1064. DOI:10.1038/s41467-020-14344-7
34. Maremanda KP, Sundar IK, Rahman I. Protective role of mesenchymal stem cells and mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in cigarette smoke-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2019;385:114788. DOI:10.1016/j.taap.2019.114788
35. Schwartz YS, Belogorodtsev SN, Filimonov PN, et al. BCG infection in mice is promoted by naïve mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) and suppressed by poly(A:U)-conditioned MSC. Tuberculosis (Edinb). 2016;101:130-6. DOI:10.1016/j.tube.2016.09.005
36. Nenasheva T, Nikolaev A, Diykanov D, et al. The introduction of mesenchymal stromal cells induces different immunological responses in the lungs of healthy and M. tuberculosis infected mice. PLoS One. 2017;12(6):e0178983. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0178983
37. Jain N, Kalam H, Singh L, et al. Mesenchymal stem cells offer a drug-tolerant and immune-privileged niche to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Nat Commun. 2020;11(1):3062. DOI:10.1038/s41467-020-16877-3
38. Aqdas M, Singh S, Amir M, et al. Cumulative Signaling Through NOD-2 and TLR-4 Eliminates the Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Concealed Inside the Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2021;11:669168. DOI:10.3389/fcimb.2021.669168
39. Taghavi-Farahabadi M, Mahmoudi M, Mahdaviani SA, et al. Improving the function of neutrophils from chronic granulomatous disease patients using mesenchymal stem cells' exosomes. Hum Immunol. 2020;81(10-11):614-24. DOI:10.1016/j.humimm.2020.05.009
40. Ерохин В.В., Васильева И.А, Коноплянников А.Г., и др. Системная трансплантация аутологичных мезенхимальных стволовых клеток костного мозга в лечении больных множественным лекарственно-устойчивым туберкулезом легких. Проблемы туберкулеза и болезней легких. 2008;(10):3-6 [Erokhin VV, Vasil'eva IA, Konopliannikov AG, et al. Systemic transplantation of autologous mesenchymal stem cells of the bone marrow in the treatment of patients with multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis. Probl Tuberk Bolezn Legk. 2008;(10):3-6 (in Russian)].
41. Parida SK, Madansein R, Singh N, et al. Cellular therapy in tuberculosis. Int J Infect Dis. 2015;32:32-8. DOI:10.1016/j.ijid.2015.01.016
42. Skrahin A, Ahmed RK, Ferrara G, et al. Autologous mesenchymal stromal cell infusion as adjunct treatment in patients with multidrug and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis: an open-label phase 1 safety trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2014;2(2):108-22. DOI:10.1016/S2213-2600(13)70234-0
43. Skrahin A, Jenkins HE, Hurevich H, et al. Effectiveness of a novel cellular therapy to treat multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis. 2016;4:21-7. DOI:10.1016/j.jctube.2016.05.003
44. Yan K, Xu G, Li Z. MicroRNA-20b carried by mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles protects alveolar epithelial type II cells from Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in vitro. Infect Genet Evol. 2022;101:105292. DOI:10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105292
45. Муравьев А.Н., Орлова Н.В., Горелова А.А., и др. Возможности тканевой инженерии и клеточных технологий в коррекции патологии органов мочевыделительной системы: анализ литературы и собственный опыт. Медицинский Альянс. 2022;10(4):79-86 [Muraviev AN, Orlova NV, Gorelova AA, et al. Tissue engineering and cell technologies: how these can help in correction of urinary system pathologies. Literature review and own experience. Meditsinskii Al'ians. 2022; 10(4):79-86 (in Russian)].
46. Muraviov AN, Vinogradova TI, Remezova AN, et al. The Use of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Complex Treatment of Kidney Tuberculosis (Experimental Study). Biomedicines. 2022;10(12):3062. DOI:10.3390/biomedicines10123062
47. Li H, Ding Y, Huang J, et al. Angiopep-2 Modified Exosomes Load Rifampicin with Potential for Treating Central Nervous System Tuberculosis. Int J Nanomedicine. 2023;18:489-503. DOI:10.2147/IJN.S395246
48. Mehaffy C, Kruh-Garcia NA, Graham B, et al. Identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Peptides in Serum Extracellular Vesicles from Persons with Latent Tuberculosis Infection. J Clin Microbiol. 2020;58(6). DOI:10.1128/JCM.00393-20
49. Lu G, Jiang X, Wu A, et al. Two Small Extracellular Vesicle sRNAs Derived From Mycobacterium tuberculosis Serve as Diagnostic Biomarkers for Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Front Microbiol. 2021;12:642559. DOI:10.3389/fmicb.2021.642559
50. Mohammadzadeh R, Ghazvini K, Farsiani H, Soleimanpour S. Mycobacterium tuberculosis extracellular vesicles: exploitation for vaccine technology and diagnostic methods. Crit Rev Microbiol. 2021;47(1):13-33. DOI:10.1080/1040841X.2020.1830749
51. Mehaffy C, Ryan JM, Kruh-Garcia NA, Dobos KM. Extracellular Vesicles in Mycobacteria and Tuberculosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022;12:912831. DOI:10.3389/fcimb.2022.912831
52. Sun YF, Pi J, Xu JF. Emerging Role of Exosomes in Tuberculosis: From Immunity Regulations to Vaccine and Immunotherapy. Front Immunol. 2021;12:628973. DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2021.628973

________________________________________________

1. Honmou O, Yamashita T, Morita T, et al. Intravenous infusion of auto serum-expanded autologous mesenchymal stem cells in spinal cord injury patients: 13 case series. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2021;203:106565. DOI:10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.106565
2. Nakazaki M, Morita T, Lankford KL, et al. Small extracellular vesicles released by infused mesenchymal stromal cells target M2 macrophages and promote TGF-β upregulation, microvascular stabilization and functional recovery in a rodent model of severe spinal cord injury. J Extracell Vesicles. 2021;10(11):e12137. DOI:10.1002/jev2.12137
3. Ahn SY, Sung DK, Kim YE, et al. Brain-derived neurotropic factor mediates neuroprotection of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles against severe intraventricular hemorrhage in newborn rats. Stem Cells Transl Med. 2021;10(3):374-84. DOI:10.1002/sctm.20-0301
4. Warnecke A, Harre J, Staecker H, et al. Extracellular vesicles from human multipotent stromal cells protect against hearing loss after noise trauma in vivo. Clin Transl Med. 2020;10(8):e262. DOI:10.1002/ctm2.262
5. Balbi C, Vassalli G. Exosomes: Beyond stem cells for cardiac protection and repair. Stem Cells. 2020;38(11):1387-99. DOI:10.1002/stem.3261
6. Loyer X, Zlatanova I, Devue C, et al. Intra-Cardiac Release of Extracellular Vesicles Shapes Inflammation Following Myocardial Infarction. Circ Res. 2018;123(1):100-6. DOI:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.117.311326
7. Cheng M, Yang J, Zhao X, et al. Circulating myocardial microRNAs from infarcted hearts are carried in exosomes and mobilise bone marrow progenitor cells. Nat Commun. 2019;10(1):959. DOI:10.1038/s41467-019-08895-7
8. Mayourian J, Cashman TJ, Ceholski DK, et al. Experimental and Computational Insight Into Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Paracrine Signaling and Heterocellular Coupling Effects on Cardiac Contractility and Arrhythmogenicity. Circ Res. 2017;121(4):411-23. DOI:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.117.310796
9. Gelberman RH, Linderman SW, Jayaram R, et al. Combined Administration of ASCs and BMP-12 Promotes an M2 Macrophage Phenotype and Enhances Tendon Healing. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2017;475(9):2318-31. DOI:10.1007/s11999-017-5369-7
10. Shen H, Yoneda S, Abu-Amer Y, et al. Stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles attenuate the early inflammatory response after tendon injury and repair. J Orthop Res.
2020;38(1):117-27. DOI:10.1002/jor.24406
11. Zhang S, Chuah SJ, Lai RC, et al. MSC exosomes mediate cartilage repair by enhancing proliferation, attenuating apoptosis and modulating immune reactivity. Biomaterials. 2018;156:16-27. DOI:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.11.028
12. Woo CH, Kim HK, Jung GY, et al. Small extracellular vesicles from human adipose-derived stem cells attenuate cartilage degeneration. J Extracell Vesicles. 2020;9(1):1735249. DOI:10.1080/20013078.2020.1735249
13. Zheng J, Wang Q, Leng W, et al. Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium attenuates tubulointerstitial fibrosis by inhibiting monocyte mobilization in an irreversible model of unilateral ureteral obstruction. Mol Med Rep. 2018;17(6):7701-7. DOI:10.3892/mmr.2018.8848
14. Orlova NV, Muraviev AN, Vinogradova TI, et al. Kletochnye tekhnologii v rekonstruktivnoi khirurgii mochevogo puzyria. Meditsinskii Al'ians. 2015;(1):149 (in Russian).
15. Grange C, Tritta S, Tapparo M, et al. Stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles inhibit and revert fibrosis progression in a mouse model of diabetic nephropathy. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):4468. DOI:10.1038/s41598-019-41100-9
16. He J, Wang Y, Sun S, et al. Bone marrow stem cells-derived microvesicles protect against renal injury in the mouse remnant kidney model. Nephrology (Carlton). 2012;17(5):493-500. DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1797.2012.01589.x
17. Guseinova FM, Vinogradova TI, Zabolotnykh NV, et al. The impact of cellular therapy with mesenchymal stem cells of bone marrow on reparation at experimental tuberculous salpingitis. Meditsinskii Al'ians. 2020;(4):35-44 (in Russian).
18. Eirin A, Zhu XY, Puranik AS, et al. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles attenuate kidney inflammation. Kidney Int. 2017;92(1):114-24. DOI:10.1016/j.kint.2016.12.023
19. Bruno S, Chiabotto G, Favaro E, et al. Role of extracellular vesicles in stem cell biology. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2019;317(2):C303-13. DOI:10.1152/ajpcell.00129.2019
20. Yuan QL, Zhang YG, Chen Q. Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC)-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Potential Therapeutics as MSC Trophic Mediators in Regenerative Medicine. Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2020;303(6):1735-42. DOI:10.1002/ar.24186
21. Bohlbro AS, Hvingelby VS, Rudolf F, et al. Active case-finding of tuberculosis in general populations and at-risk groups: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Respir J. 2021;58(4). DOI:10.1183/13993003.00090-2021
22. Muneer A, Macrae B, Krishnamoorthy S, Zumla A. Urogenital tuberculosis – epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical features. Nat Rev Urol. 2019;16(10):573-98.
DOI:10.1038/s41585-019-0228-9
23. Furin J, Cox H, Pai M. Tuberculosis. Lancet. 2019;393(10181):1642-56. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30308-3
24. Hur YH, Cerione RA, Antonyak MA. Extracellular vesicles and their roles in stem cell biology. Stem Cells. 2020;38(4):469-76. DOI:10.1002/stem.3140
25. Bruno S, Tapparo M, Collino F, et al. Renal Regenerative Potential of Different Extracellular Vesicle Populations Derived from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Tissue Eng Part A. 2017;23(21-22):1262-73. DOI:10.1089/ten.TEA.2017.0069
26. Baek G, Choi H, Kim Y, et al. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Therapeutics and as a Drug Delivery Platform. Stem Cells Transl Med. 2019;8(9):880-6. DOI:10.1002/sctm.18-0226
27. Marar C, Starich B, Wirtz D. Extracellular vesicles in immunomodulation and tumor progression. Nat Immunol. 2021;22(5):560-70. DOI:10.1038/s41590-021-00899-0
28. Harrell CR, Jovicic N, Djonov V, et al. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes and Other Extracellular Vesicles as New Remedies in the Therapy of Inflammatory Diseases. Cells. 2019;8(12). DOI:10.3390/cells8121605
29. Joshi L, Chelluri LK, Gaddam S. Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Therapy in MDR/XDR Tuberculosis: A Concise Review. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz). 2015;63(6):427-33. DOI:10.1007/s00005-015-0347-9
30. Yates AG, Pink RC, Erdbrügger U, et al. In sickness and in health: The functional role of extracellular vesicles in physiology and pathology in vivo: Part II: Pathology: Part II: Pathology. J Extracell Vesicles. 2022;11(1):e12190. DOI:10.1002/jev2.12190
31. Guo H, Su Y, Deng F. Effects of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Lung Diseases: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Stem Cell Rev Rep. 2021;17(2):440-58. DOI:10.1007/s12015-020-10085-8
32. Tieu A, Hu K, Gnyra C, et al. Mesenchymal stromal cell extracellular vesicles as therapy for acute and chronic respiratory diseases: A meta-analysis. J Extracell Vesicles. 2021;10(12):e12141. DOI:10.1002/jev2.12141
33. Dinh PC, Paudel D, Brochu H, et al. Inhalation of lung spheroid cell secretome and exosomes promotes lung repair in pulmonary fibrosis. Nat Commun. 2020;11(1):1064. DOI:10.1038/s41467-020-14344-7
34. Maremanda KP, Sundar IK, Rahman I. Protective role of mesenchymal stem cells and mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in cigarette smoke-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2019;385:114788. DOI:10.1016/j.taap.2019.114788
35. Schwartz YS, Belogorodtsev SN, Filimonov PN, et al. BCG infection in mice is promoted by naïve mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) and suppressed by poly(A:U)-conditioned MSC. Tuberculosis (Edinb). 2016;101:130-6. DOI:10.1016/j.tube.2016.09.005
36. Nenasheva T, Nikolaev A, Diykanov D, et al. The introduction of mesenchymal stromal cells induces different immunological responses in the lungs of healthy and M. tuberculosis infected mice. PLoS One. 2017;12(6):e0178983. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0178983
37. Jain N, Kalam H, Singh L, et al. Mesenchymal stem cells offer a drug-tolerant and immune-privileged niche to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Nat Commun. 2020;11(1):3062. DOI:10.1038/s41467-020-16877-3
38. Aqdas M, Singh S, Amir M, et al. Cumulative Signaling Through NOD-2 and TLR-4 Eliminates the Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Concealed Inside the Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2021;11:669168. DOI:10.3389/fcimb.2021.669168
39. Taghavi-Farahabadi M, Mahmoudi M, Mahdaviani SA, et al. Improving the function of neutrophils from chronic granulomatous disease patients using mesenchymal stem cells' exosomes. Hum Immunol. 2020;81(10-11):614-24. DOI:10.1016/j.humimm.2020.05.009
40. Erokhin VV, Vasil'eva IA, Konopliannikov AG, et al. Systemic transplantation of autologous mesenchymal stem cells of the bone marrow in the treatment of patients with multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis. Probl Tuberk Bolezn Legk. 2008;(10):3-6 (in Russian).
41. Parida SK, Madansein R, Singh N, et al. Cellular therapy in tuberculosis. Int J Infect Dis. 2015;32:32-8. DOI:10.1016/j.ijid.2015.01.016
42. Skrahin A, Ahmed RK, Ferrara G, et al. Autologous mesenchymal stromal cell infusion as adjunct treatment in patients with multidrug and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis: an open-label phase 1 safety trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2014;2(2):108-22. DOI:10.1016/S2213-2600(13)70234-0
43. Skrahin A, Jenkins HE, Hurevich H, et al. Effectiveness of a novel cellular therapy to treat multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis. 2016;4:21-7. DOI:10.1016/j.jctube.2016.05.003
44. Yan K, Xu G, Li Z. MicroRNA-20b carried by mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles protects alveolar epithelial type II cells from Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in vitro. Infect Genet Evol. 2022;101:105292. DOI:10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105292
45. Muraviev AN, Orlova NV, Gorelova AA, et al. Tissue engineering and cell technologies: how these can help in correction of urinary system pathologies. Literature review and own experience. Meditsinskii Al'ians. 2022; 10(4):79-86 (in Russian).
46. Muraviov AN, Vinogradova TI, Remezova AN, et al. The Use of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Complex Treatment of Kidney Tuberculosis (Experimental Study). Biomedicines. 2022;10(12):3062. DOI:10.3390/biomedicines10123062
47. Li H, Ding Y, Huang J, et al. Angiopep-2 Modified Exosomes Load Rifampicin with Potential for Treating Central Nervous System Tuberculosis. Int J Nanomedicine. 2023;18:489-503. DOI:10.2147/IJN.S395246
48. Mehaffy C, Kruh-Garcia NA, Graham B, et al. Identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Peptides in Serum Extracellular Vesicles from Persons with Latent Tuberculosis Infection. J Clin Microbiol. 2020;58(6). DOI:10.1128/JCM.00393-20
49. Lu G, Jiang X, Wu A, et al. Two Small Extracellular Vesicle sRNAs Derived From Mycobacterium tuberculosis Serve as Diagnostic Biomarkers for Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Front Microbiol. 2021;12:642559. DOI:10.3389/fmicb.2021.642559
50. Mohammadzadeh R, Ghazvini K, Farsiani H, Soleimanpour S. Mycobacterium tuberculosis extracellular vesicles: exploitation for vaccine technology and diagnostic methods. Crit Rev Microbiol. 2021;47(1):13-33. DOI:10.1080/1040841X.2020.1830749
51. Mehaffy C, Ryan JM, Kruh-Garcia NA, Dobos KM. Extracellular Vesicles in Mycobacteria and Tuberculosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022;12:912831. DOI:10.3389/fcimb.2022.912831
52. Sun YF, Pi J, Xu JF. Emerging Role of Exosomes in Tuberculosis: From Immunity Regulations to Vaccine and Immunotherapy. Front Immunol. 2021;12:628973. DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2021.628973

В.В. Шумко^1,2, А.И. Горелов², А.Н. Ремезова¹, Я.Г. Иванова*², А.Н. Муравьёв^1,3, Н.М. Юдинцева⁴, Т.И. Виноградова¹, А.А. Горелова<sup>1,2

1</sup>ФГБУ «Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт фтизиопульмонологии» Минздрава России, Санкт-Петербург, Россия;
²ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет», Санкт-Петербург, Россия;
³ЧОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский медико-социальный институт», Санкт-Петербург, Россия;
⁴ФГБУН «Институт цитологии Российской академии наук», Санкт-Петербург, Россия
*ivanova.yana803@gmail.com

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Veronika V. Shumko^1,2, Andrei I. Gorelov², Anna N. Remezova¹, Yanina G. Ivanova*², Alexandr N. Muraviov^1,3, Natalia M. Yudintceva⁴, Tatiana I. Vinogradova¹, Anna A. Gorelova<sup>1,2

1</sup>Saint Petersburg State Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, Saint Petersburg, Russia;
²Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia;
³Saint Petersburg Medico-Social Institute, Saint Petersburg, Russia;
⁴Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
*ivanova.yana803@gmail.com