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Особенности выбора антигистаминной терапии при аллергических заболеваниях у детей
Особенности выбора антигистаминной терапии при аллергических заболеваниях у детей
Тамразова О.Б., Глухова Е.А., Новик Г.А., Баграмова Г.Э. Особенности выбора антигистаминной терапии при аллергических заболеваниях у детей. Consilium Medicum. 2026;28(3):173–180. DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2026.3.203629
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Аннотация
Аллергические заболевания относятся к числу наиболее распространенных хронических иммуновоспалительных патологий и характеризуются устойчивой тенденцией к росту как среди взрослого населения, так и в педиатрической практике. Значительная распространенность аллергического ринита, крапивницы, атопического дерматита и других форм аллергической патологии обусловливает высокую клиническую и социальную значимость этой группы заболеваний. В основе их развития лежат сложные иммунологические механизмы, включающие активацию тучных клеток и высвобождение биологически активных медиаторов воспаления, среди которых ключевую роль играет гистамин. Реализация эффектов гистамина через H1-гистаминовые рецепторы приводит к развитию характерных клинических проявлений аллергического воспаления, включая зуд, эритему, отек, ринорею и чиханье. Фармакологическая блокада H1-гистаминовых рецепторов – одно из ключевых направлений симптоматической терапии аллергических заболеваний. Однако антигистаминные препараты I поколения обладают рядом ограничений, связанных с низкой селективностью, способностью проникать через гематоэнцефалический барьер и вызывать выраженные седативные и антихолинергические эффекты. В связи с этим в современной клинической практике предпочтение отдается антигистаминным препаратам II поколения, характеризующимся более высокой селективностью к периферическим H1-рецепторам и более благоприятным профилем безопасности. Среди представителей этого класса цетиризин – один из наиболее изученных антигистаминных препаратов II поколения. Его фармакологические свойства включают высокую аффинность к периферическим H1-рецепторам, быстрое наступление клинического эффекта и длительность действия до 24 ч, что обеспечивает возможность однократного суточного применения. Дополнительное значение имеет противовоспалительная активность препарата, связанная со снижением хемотаксиса эозинофилов и уменьшением экспрессии медиаторов воспаления, что способствует уменьшению выраженности симптомов аллергических заболеваний. Отдельно обсуждаются особенности применения лекарственного средства на основе цетиризина – препарата Зодак®, выпускаемого в различных лекарственных формах, что позволяет индивидуализировать терапию с учетом возраста пациента и клинической ситуации, включая использование у детей раннего возраста. В статье приведены клинические случаи, демонстрирующие антигистаминную терапию у пациентов детского возраста с различными заболеваниями. Представленные данные свидетельствуют о том, что использование современных неседативных H1-антигистаминных препаратов – важный компонент комплексной терапии аллергических заболеваний, т.к. позволяет обеспечить эффективный контроль симптомов при благоприятном профиле безопасности, что имеет особое значение в педиатрической практике.
Ключевые слова: аллергические заболевания, H1-антигистаминные препараты, цетиризин, аллергический ринит, крапивница, атопический дерматит, антигистаминная терапия
Keywords: allergic diseases, H1-antihistamines, cetirizine, allergic rhinitis, urticaria, atopic dermatitis, antihistamine therapy
Ключевые слова: аллергические заболевания, H1-антигистаминные препараты, цетиризин, аллергический ринит, крапивница, атопический дерматит, антигистаминная терапия
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Keywords: allergic diseases, H1-antihistamines, cetirizine, allergic rhinitis, urticaria, atopic dermatitis, antihistamine therapy
Полный текст
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18. Palmer CN, Irvine AD, Terron-Kwiatkowski A, et al. Common loss-of-function variants of the epidermal barrier protein filaggrin are a major predisposing factor for atopic dermatitis. Nat Genet. 2006;38(4):441-6. DOI:10.1038/ng1767
19. Weidinger S, Novak N. Atopic dermatitis. Lancet. 2016;387(10023):1109-22. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00149-X
20. Lambrecht BN, Hammad H. The immunology of asthma. Nat Immunol. 2015;16(1):45-56. DOI:10.1038/ni.3049
21. Guarnieri M, Balmes JR. Outdoor air pollution and asthma. Lancet. 2014;383(9928):1581-92. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60617-6
22. Dahlin JS, Maurer M, Metcalfe DD, et al. The ingenious mast cell: Contemporary insights into mast cell behavior and function. Allergy. 2022;77(1):83-99. DOI:10.1111/all.14881
23. Costanzo G, Costanzo GAML, Del Moro L, et al. Mast Cells in Upper and Lower Airway Diseases: Sentinels in the Front Line. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(11):9771. DOI:10.3390/ijms24119771
24. Krystel-Whittemore M, Dileepan KN, Wood JG. Mast Cell: A Multi-Functional Master Cell. Front Immunol. 2016;6:620. DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2015.00620
25. Gelardi M, Giancaspro R, Cassano M, Ribatti D. The Underestimated Role of Mast Cells in the Pathogenesis of Rhinopathies. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2022;183(2):153-9. DOI:10.1159/000518924
26. Yu Y, Blokhuis BR, Garssen J, Redegeld FA. Non-IgE mediated mast cell activation. Eur J Pharmacol. 2016;778:33-43. DOI:10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.07.017
27. Elieh Ali Komi D, Wöhrl S, Bielory L. Mast cell biology at molecular level: a comprehensive review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2020;58(3):342-65. DOI:10.1007/s12016-019-08769-2
28. Quan PL, Sabaté-Brescó M, Guo Y, et al. The Multifaceted Mas-Related G Protein-Coupled Receptor Member X2 in Allergic Diseases and Beyond. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(9):4421. DOI:10.3390/ijms22094421
29. Ensina LF, Min TK, Félix MM, et al. Acute Urticaria and Anaphylaxis: Differences and Similarities in Clinical Management. Front Allergy. 2022;3:840999. DOI:10.3389/falgy.2022.840999
30. Schmetzer O, Lakin E, Topal FA, et al. IL-24 is a common and specific autoantigen of IgE in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018;142(3):876-82. DOI:10.1016/j.jaci.2017.10.035
31. Kolkhir P, Muñoz M, Asero R, et al. Autoimmune chronic spontaneous urticaria. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2022;149(6):1819-31. DOI:10.1016/j.jaci.2022.04.010
32. Jackson CW, Pratt CM, Rupprecht CP, et al. Mastocytosis and Mast Cell Activation Disorders: Clearing the Air. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(20):11270. DOI:10.3390/ijms222011270
33. Thurmond RL, Gelfand EW, Dunford PJ. The role of histamine H1 and H4 receptors in allergic inflammation: the search for new antihistamines. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2008;7(1):41-53. DOI:10.1038/nrd2465
34. Kong W, Dong Y, Yi S, et al. High-risks drug adverse events associated with Cetirizine and Loratadine for the treatment of allergic diseases: A retrospective pharmacovigilance study based on the FDA adverse event reporting system database. Clin Transl Allergy. 2024;14(9):e12392. DOI:10.1002/clt2.12392
35. Alvarez CA, Mortensen EM, Makris UE, et al. Association of skeletal muscle relaxers and antihistamines on mortality, hospitalizations, and emergency department visits in elderly patients: a nationwide retrospective cohort study. BMC Geriatr. 2015;15:2. DOI:10.1186/1471-2318-15-2
36. Wang D, Guo Q, Wu Z, et al. Molecular mechanism of antihistamines recognition and regulation of the histamine H1 receptor. Nat Commun. 2024;15(1):84. DOI:10.1038/s41467-023-44477-4
37. Staub AM, Bovet D. Action of thymoxy-ethyl-diethylamine (929 F.) and other phenol ethers on anaphylactic shock in the guinea pigs. Comptes Rendus Seances Soc Biol Fil. 1937;125:818-21.
38. Li LQ, Liu RQ, Peng C, et al. Pharmacogenomics for the efficacy and side effects of antihistamines. Exp Dermatol. 2022;31(7):993-1004. DOI:10.1111/exd.14602
39. Simons FE, Simons KJ. H1 antihistamines: current status and future directions. World Allergy Organ J. 2008;1(9):145-55. DOI:10.1186/1939-4551-1-9-145
40. Simons FE. Advances in H1-antihistamines. N Engl J Med. 2004;351(21):2203-17. DOI:10.1056/NEJMra033121
41. Church MK, Maurer M, Simons FE, et al. Risk of first-generation H1-antihistamines: a GA(2)LEN position paper. Allergy. 2010;65(4):459-66. DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02325.x
42. Druce HM, Thoden WR, Mure P, et al. Brompheniramine, loratadine, and placebo in allergic rhinitis: a placebo-controlled comparative clinical trial. J Clin Pharmacol. 1998;38(4):382-9. DOI:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1998.tb04439.x
43. Boyle J, Eriksson M, Stanley N, et al. Allergy medication in Japanese volunteers: treatment effect of single doses on nocturnal sleep architecture and next day residual effects. Curr Med Res Opin. 2006;22(7):1343-51. DOI:10.1185/030079906X112660
44. Rojas-Zamorano JA, Esqueda-Leon E, Jimenez-Anguiano A, et al. The H1 histamine receptor blocker, chlorpheniramine, completely prevents the increase in REM sleep induced by immobilization stress in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2009;91(3):291-4. DOI:10.1016/j.pbb.2008.07.011
45. Walker S, Khan-Wasti S, Fletcher M, et al. Seasonal allergic rhinitis is associated with a detrimental effect on examination performance in United Kingdom teenagers: case-control study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007;120(2):381-7. DOI:10.1016/j.jaci.2007.03.034
46. Richardson GS, Roehrs TA, Rosenthal L, et al. Tolerance to daytime sedative effects of H1 antihistamines. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2002;22(5):511-5. DOI:10.1097/00004714-200210000-00012
47. Kłos K, Kruszewski J. Does new antihistamines characterize tachyphylaxis phenomenon? Otolaryngol Pol. 2007;61(5):898-901 (in Polish). DOI:10.1016/S0030-6657(07)70551-6
48. Scharman EJ, Erdman AR, Wax PM, et al. Diphenhydramine and dimenhydrinate poisoning: an evidence-based consensus guideline for out-of-hospital management. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2006;44(3):205-23. DOI:10.1080/15563650600585920
49. Higuchi M, Yanai K, Okamura N, et al. Histamine H(1) receptors in patients with Alzheimer’s disease assessed by positron emission tomography. Neuroscience. 2000;99(4):721-9. DOI:10.1016/s0306-4522(00)00230-x
50. McEvoy LK, Smith ME, Fordyce M, Gevins A. Characterizing impaired functional alertness from diphenhydramine in the elderly with performance and neurophysiologic measures. Sleep. 2006;29(7):957-66. DOI:10.1093/sleep/29.7.957
51. Brożek JL, Bousquet J, Agache I, et al. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines-2016 revision. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017;140(4):950-8. DOI:10.1016/j.jaci.2017.03.050
52. Zuberbier T, Abdul Latiff AH, Abuzakouk M, et al. The international EAACI/GA²LEN/EuroGuiDerm/APAAACI guideline for the definition, classification, diagnosis, and management of urticaria. Allergy. 2022;77(3):734-66. DOI:10.1111/all.15090
53. Parisi GF, Leonardi S, Ciprandi G, et al. Cetirizine use in childhood: an update of a friendly 30-year drug. Clin Mol Allergy. 2020;18:2. DOI:10.1186/s12948-020-00118-5
54. Naqvi A, Patel P, Gerriets V. Cetirizine. 2024. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, 2026.
55. Campoli-Richards DM, Buckley MM, Fitton A. Cetirizine. A review of its pharmacological properties and clinical potential in allergic rhinitis, pollen-induced asthma, and chronic urticaria. Drugs. 1990;40(5):762-81. DOI:10.2165/00003495-199040050-00009
56. Snowman AM, Snyder SH. Cetirizine: actions on neurotransmitter receptors. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1990;86(6 Pt 2):1025-8. DOI:10.1016/s0091-6749(05)80248-9
57. Kuna P, Jurkiewicz D, Czarnecka-Operacz MM, et al. The role and choice criteria of antihistamines in allergy management – expert opinion. Postepy Dermatol Alergol. 2016;33(6):397-410. DOI:10.5114/pdia.2016.63942
58. Hu Y, Sieck DE, Hsu WH. Why are second-generation H1-antihistamines minimally sedating? Eur J Pharmacol. 2015;765:100-6. DOI:10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.08.016
59. Baroody FM, Naclerio RM. Antiallergic effects of H1-receptor antagonists. Allergy. 2000;55 (Suppl. 64):17-27. DOI:10.1034/j.1398-9995.2000.00803.x
60. Spencer CM, Faulds D, Peters DH. Cetirizine. A reappraisal of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use in selected allergic disorders. Drugs. 1993;46(6):1055-80. DOI:10.2165/00003495-199346060-00008
61. Pearlman DS, Lumry WR, Winder JA, Noonan MJ. Once-daily cetirizine effective in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis in children aged 6 to 11 years: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 1997;36(4):209-15. DOI:10.1177/000992289703600405
62. Benazzo M, Leonardi S, Corsico A, et al. Cetirizine modifies quality of life and symptoms in children with seasonal allergic rhinitis: a pilot study. Acta Biomed. 2020;92(1):e2021003. DOI:10.23750/abm.v92i1.9948
2. Tanno LK, Chalmers R, Jacob R, et al. Global implementation of the world health organization's International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11: The allergic and hypersensitivity conditions model. Allergy. 2020;75(9):2206-18. DOI:10.1111/all.14468
3. Global strategy for asthma management and prevention (2015 update). Global Initiative for Asthma. 2018. Available at: http://ginasthma.org/ archived-reports. Accessed: 28.01.2026.
4. Bousquet J, Van Cauwenberge P, Khaltaev N, et al. Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001;108(Suppl. 5):S147-334. DOI:10.1067/mai.2001.118891
5. Meghji J, Mortimer K, Jayasooriya S, Marks GB. Lung health in LMICs: tackling challenges ahead – Authors’ reply. Lancet. 2021;398(10299):490. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01252-6
6. Kattan JD, Wang J. Allergen component testing for food allergy: ready for prime time? Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2013;13(1):58-63. DOI:10.1007/s11882-012-0311-2
7. Wollenberg A, Barbarot S, Bieber T, et al. Consensus-based European guidelines for treatment of atopic eczema (atopic dermatitis) in adults and children: part I. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2018;32(5):657-82. DOI:10.1111/jdv.14891
8. Song WJ, Choi M, Lee DH, et al. The KAAACI/KDA Evidence-Based Practice Guidelines for Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria in Korean Adults and Children: Part 1. Definition, Methodology and First-line Management. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2020;12(4):563-78. DOI:10.4168/aair.2020.12.4.563
9. Kolkhir P, Giménez-Arnau AM, Kulthanan K, et al. Urticaria. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2022;8(1):61. DOI:10.1038/s41572-022-00389-z
10. Pier J, & Bingemann TA. Urticaria, Angioedema, and Anaphylaxis. Pediatr Rev. 2020;41(6):283-92. DOI:10.1542/pir.2019-0056
11. Genuneit J, Standl M. Epidemiology of Allergy: Natural Course and Risk Factors of Allergic Diseases. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2022;268:21-7. DOI:10.1007/164_2021_507
12. Goncalo M, Gimenez-Arnau A, Al-Ahmad M, et al. The global burden of chronic urticaria for the patient and society. 2021;184(2):226-36. DOI:10.1111/bjd.19561
13. Blaiss MS, Hammerby E, Robinson S, et al. The burden of allergic rhinitis and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis on adolescents: a literature review. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2018;121(1):43-52e43. DOI:10.1016/j.anai.2018.03.028
14. Fishbein AB, Silverberg JI, Wilson EJ, Ong PY. Update on atopic dermatitis: diagnosis, severity assessment, and treatment selection. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2020;8:91-101. DOI:10.1016/j.jaip.2019.06.044
15. Licari A, Magri P, De Silvestri A, et al. Epidemiology of Allergic Rhinitis in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2023;11(8):2547-56. DOI:10.1016/j.jaip.2023.05.016
16. Paternoster L, Standl M, Chen CM, et al. Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies three new risk loci for atopic dermatitis. Nat Genet. 2011;44(2):187-92. DOI:10.1038/ng.1017
17. Ferreira MA, Vonk JM, Baurecht H, et al. Shared genetic origin of asthma, hay fever and eczema elucidates allergic disease biology. Nat Genet. 2017;49(12):1752-7. DOI:10.1038/ng.3985
18. Palmer CN, Irvine AD, Terron-Kwiatkowski A, et al. Common loss-of-function variants of the epidermal barrier protein filaggrin are a major predisposing factor for atopic dermatitis. Nat Genet. 2006;38(4):441-6. DOI:10.1038/ng1767
19. Weidinger S, Novak N. Atopic dermatitis. Lancet. 2016;387(10023):1109-22. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00149-X
20. Lambrecht BN, Hammad H. The immunology of asthma. Nat Immunol. 2015;16(1):45-56. DOI:10.1038/ni.3049
21. Guarnieri M, Balmes JR. Outdoor air pollution and asthma. Lancet. 2014;383(9928):1581-92. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60617-6
22. Dahlin JS, Maurer M, Metcalfe DD, et al. The ingenious mast cell: Contemporary insights into mast cell behavior and function. Allergy. 2022;77(1):83-99. DOI:10.1111/all.14881
23. Costanzo G, Costanzo GAML, Del Moro L, et al. Mast Cells in Upper and Lower Airway Diseases: Sentinels in the Front Line. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(11):9771. DOI:10.3390/ijms24119771
24. Krystel-Whittemore M, Dileepan KN, Wood JG. Mast Cell: A Multi-Functional Master Cell. Front Immunol. 2016;6:620. DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2015.00620
25. Gelardi M, Giancaspro R, Cassano M, Ribatti D. The Underestimated Role of Mast Cells in the Pathogenesis of Rhinopathies. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2022;183(2):153-9. DOI:10.1159/000518924
26. Yu Y, Blokhuis BR, Garssen J, Redegeld FA. Non-IgE mediated mast cell activation. Eur J Pharmacol. 2016;778:33-43. DOI:10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.07.017
27. Elieh Ali Komi D, Wöhrl S, Bielory L. Mast cell biology at molecular level: a comprehensive review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2020;58(3):342-65. DOI:10.1007/s12016-019-08769-2
28. Quan PL, Sabaté-Brescó M, Guo Y, et al. The Multifaceted Mas-Related G Protein-Coupled Receptor Member X2 in Allergic Diseases and Beyond. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(9):4421. DOI:10.3390/ijms22094421
29. Ensina LF, Min TK, Félix MM, et al. Acute Urticaria and Anaphylaxis: Differences and Similarities in Clinical Management. Front Allergy. 2022;3:840999. DOI:10.3389/falgy.2022.840999
30. Schmetzer O, Lakin E, Topal FA, et al. IL-24 is a common and specific autoantigen of IgE in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018;142(3):876-82. DOI:10.1016/j.jaci.2017.10.035
31. Kolkhir P, Muñoz M, Asero R, et al. Autoimmune chronic spontaneous urticaria. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2022;149(6):1819-31. DOI:10.1016/j.jaci.2022.04.010
32. Jackson CW, Pratt CM, Rupprecht CP, et al. Mastocytosis and Mast Cell Activation Disorders: Clearing the Air. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(20):11270. DOI:10.3390/ijms222011270
33. Thurmond RL, Gelfand EW, Dunford PJ. The role of histamine H1 and H4 receptors in allergic inflammation: the search for new antihistamines. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2008;7(1):41-53. DOI:10.1038/nrd2465
34. Kong W, Dong Y, Yi S, et al. High-risks drug adverse events associated with Cetirizine and Loratadine for the treatment of allergic diseases: A retrospective pharmacovigilance study based on the FDA adverse event reporting system database. Clin Transl Allergy. 2024;14(9):e12392. DOI:10.1002/clt2.12392
35. Alvarez CA, Mortensen EM, Makris UE, et al. Association of skeletal muscle relaxers and antihistamines on mortality, hospitalizations, and emergency department visits in elderly patients: a nationwide retrospective cohort study. BMC Geriatr. 2015;15:2. DOI:10.1186/1471-2318-15-2
36. Wang D, Guo Q, Wu Z, et al. Molecular mechanism of antihistamines recognition and regulation of the histamine H1 receptor. Nat Commun. 2024;15(1):84. DOI:10.1038/s41467-023-44477-4
37. Staub AM, Bovet D. Action of thymoxy-ethyl-diethylamine (929 F.) and other phenol ethers on anaphylactic shock in the guinea pigs. Comptes Rendus Seances Soc Biol Fil. 1937;125:818-21.
38. Li LQ, Liu RQ, Peng C, et al. Pharmacogenomics for the efficacy and side effects of antihistamines. Exp Dermatol. 2022;31(7):993-1004. DOI:10.1111/exd.14602
39. Simons FE, Simons KJ. H1 antihistamines: current status and future directions. World Allergy Organ J. 2008;1(9):145-55. DOI:10.1186/1939-4551-1-9-145
40. Simons FE. Advances in H1-antihistamines. N Engl J Med. 2004;351(21):2203-17. DOI:10.1056/NEJMra033121
41. Church MK, Maurer M, Simons FE, et al. Risk of first-generation H1-antihistamines: a GA(2)LEN position paper. Allergy. 2010;65(4):459-66. DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02325.x
42. Druce HM, Thoden WR, Mure P, et al. Brompheniramine, loratadine, and placebo in allergic rhinitis: a placebo-controlled comparative clinical trial. J Clin Pharmacol. 1998;38(4):382-9. DOI:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1998.tb04439.x
43. Boyle J, Eriksson M, Stanley N, et al. Allergy medication in Japanese volunteers: treatment effect of single doses on nocturnal sleep architecture and next day residual effects. Curr Med Res Opin. 2006;22(7):1343-51. DOI:10.1185/030079906X112660
44. Rojas-Zamorano JA, Esqueda-Leon E, Jimenez-Anguiano A, et al. The H1 histamine receptor blocker, chlorpheniramine, completely prevents the increase in REM sleep induced by immobilization stress in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2009;91(3):291-4. DOI:10.1016/j.pbb.2008.07.011
45. Walker S, Khan-Wasti S, Fletcher M, et al. Seasonal allergic rhinitis is associated with a detrimental effect on examination performance in United Kingdom teenagers: case-control study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007;120(2):381-7. DOI:10.1016/j.jaci.2007.03.034
46. Richardson GS, Roehrs TA, Rosenthal L, et al. Tolerance to daytime sedative effects of H1 antihistamines. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2002;22(5):511-5. DOI:10.1097/00004714-200210000-00012
47. Kłos K, Kruszewski J. Does new antihistamines characterize tachyphylaxis phenomenon? Otolaryngol Pol. 2007;61(5):898-901 (in Polish). DOI:10.1016/S0030-6657(07)70551-6
48. Scharman EJ, Erdman AR, Wax PM, et al. Diphenhydramine and dimenhydrinate poisoning: an evidence-based consensus guideline for out-of-hospital management. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2006;44(3):205-23. DOI:10.1080/15563650600585920
49. Higuchi M, Yanai K, Okamura N, et al. Histamine H(1) receptors in patients with Alzheimer’s disease assessed by positron emission tomography. Neuroscience. 2000;99(4):721-9. DOI:10.1016/s0306-4522(00)00230-x
50. McEvoy LK, Smith ME, Fordyce M, Gevins A. Characterizing impaired functional alertness from diphenhydramine in the elderly with performance and neurophysiologic measures. Sleep. 2006;29(7):957-66. DOI:10.1093/sleep/29.7.957
51. Brożek JL, Bousquet J, Agache I, et al. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines-2016 revision. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017;140(4):950-8. DOI:10.1016/j.jaci.2017.03.050
52. Zuberbier T, Abdul Latiff AH, Abuzakouk M, et al. The international EAACI/GA²LEN/EuroGuiDerm/APAAACI guideline for the definition, classification, diagnosis, and management of urticaria. Allergy. 2022;77(3):734-66. DOI:10.1111/all.15090
53. Parisi GF, Leonardi S, Ciprandi G, et al. Cetirizine use in childhood: an update of a friendly 30-year drug. Clin Mol Allergy. 2020;18:2. DOI:10.1186/s12948-020-00118-5
54. Naqvi A, Patel P, Gerriets V. Cetirizine. 2024. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, 2026.
55. Campoli-Richards DM, Buckley MM, Fitton A. Cetirizine. A review of its pharmacological properties and clinical potential in allergic rhinitis, pollen-induced asthma, and chronic urticaria. Drugs. 1990;40(5):762-81. DOI:10.2165/00003495-199040050-00009
56. Snowman AM, Snyder SH. Cetirizine: actions on neurotransmitter receptors. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1990;86(6 Pt 2):1025-8. DOI:10.1016/s0091-6749(05)80248-9
57. Kuna P, Jurkiewicz D, Czarnecka-Operacz MM, et al. The role and choice criteria of antihistamines in allergy management – expert opinion. Postepy Dermatol Alergol. 2016;33(6):397-410. DOI:10.5114/pdia.2016.63942
58. Hu Y, Sieck DE, Hsu WH. Why are second-generation H1-antihistamines minimally sedating? Eur J Pharmacol. 2015;765:100-6. DOI:10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.08.016
59. Baroody FM, Naclerio RM. Antiallergic effects of H1-receptor antagonists. Allergy. 2000;55 (Suppl. 64):17-27. DOI:10.1034/j.1398-9995.2000.00803.x
60. Spencer CM, Faulds D, Peters DH. Cetirizine. A reappraisal of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use in selected allergic disorders. Drugs. 1993;46(6):1055-80. DOI:10.2165/00003495-199346060-00008
61. Pearlman DS, Lumry WR, Winder JA, Noonan MJ. Once-daily cetirizine effective in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis in children aged 6 to 11 years: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 1997;36(4):209-15. DOI:10.1177/000992289703600405
62. Benazzo M, Leonardi S, Corsico A, et al. Cetirizine modifies quality of life and symptoms in children with seasonal allergic rhinitis: a pilot study. Acta Biomed. 2020;92(1):e2021003. DOI:10.23750/abm.v92i1.9948
________________________________________________
2. Tanno LK, Chalmers R, Jacob R, et al. Global implementation of the world health organization's International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11: The allergic and hypersensitivity conditions model. Allergy. 2020;75(9):2206-18. DOI:10.1111/all.14468
3. Global strategy for asthma management and prevention (2015 update). Global Initiative for Asthma. 2018. Available at: http://ginasthma.org/ archived-reports. Accessed: 28.01.2026.
4. Bousquet J, Van Cauwenberge P, Khaltaev N, et al. Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001;108(Suppl. 5):S147-334. DOI:10.1067/mai.2001.118891
5. Meghji J, Mortimer K, Jayasooriya S, Marks GB. Lung health in LMICs: tackling challenges ahead – Authors’ reply. Lancet. 2021;398(10299):490. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01252-6
6. Kattan JD, Wang J. Allergen component testing for food allergy: ready for prime time? Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2013;13(1):58-63. DOI:10.1007/s11882-012-0311-2
7. Wollenberg A, Barbarot S, Bieber T, et al. Consensus-based European guidelines for treatment of atopic eczema (atopic dermatitis) in adults and children: part I. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2018;32(5):657-82. DOI:10.1111/jdv.14891
8. Song WJ, Choi M, Lee DH, et al. The KAAACI/KDA Evidence-Based Practice Guidelines for Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria in Korean Adults and Children: Part 1. Definition, Methodology and First-line Management. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2020;12(4):563-78. DOI:10.4168/aair.2020.12.4.563
9. Kolkhir P, Giménez-Arnau AM, Kulthanan K, et al. Urticaria. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2022;8(1):61. DOI:10.1038/s41572-022-00389-z
10. Pier J, & Bingemann TA. Urticaria, Angioedema, and Anaphylaxis. Pediatr Rev. 2020;41(6):283-92. DOI:10.1542/pir.2019-0056
11. Genuneit J, Standl M. Epidemiology of Allergy: Natural Course and Risk Factors of Allergic Diseases. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2022;268:21-7. DOI:10.1007/164_2021_507
12. Goncalo M, Gimenez-Arnau A, Al-Ahmad M, et al. The global burden of chronic urticaria for the patient and society. 2021;184(2):226-36. DOI:10.1111/bjd.19561
13. Blaiss MS, Hammerby E, Robinson S, et al. The burden of allergic rhinitis and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis on adolescents: a literature review. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2018;121(1):43-52e43. DOI:10.1016/j.anai.2018.03.028
14. Fishbein AB, Silverberg JI, Wilson EJ, Ong PY. Update on atopic dermatitis: diagnosis, severity assessment, and treatment selection. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2020;8:91-101. DOI:10.1016/j.jaip.2019.06.044
15. Licari A, Magri P, De Silvestri A, et al. Epidemiology of Allergic Rhinitis in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2023;11(8):2547-56. DOI:10.1016/j.jaip.2023.05.016
16. Paternoster L, Standl M, Chen CM, et al. Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies three new risk loci for atopic dermatitis. Nat Genet. 2011;44(2):187-92. DOI:10.1038/ng.1017
17. Ferreira MA, Vonk JM, Baurecht H, et al. Shared genetic origin of asthma, hay fever and eczema elucidates allergic disease biology. Nat Genet. 2017;49(12):1752-7. DOI:10.1038/ng.3985
18. Palmer CN, Irvine AD, Terron-Kwiatkowski A, et al. Common loss-of-function variants of the epidermal barrier protein filaggrin are a major predisposing factor for atopic dermatitis. Nat Genet. 2006;38(4):441-6. DOI:10.1038/ng1767
19. Weidinger S, Novak N. Atopic dermatitis. Lancet. 2016;387(10023):1109-22. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00149-X
20. Lambrecht BN, Hammad H. The immunology of asthma. Nat Immunol. 2015;16(1):45-56. DOI:10.1038/ni.3049
21. Guarnieri M, Balmes JR. Outdoor air pollution and asthma. Lancet. 2014;383(9928):1581-92. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60617-6
22. Dahlin JS, Maurer M, Metcalfe DD, et al. The ingenious mast cell: Contemporary insights into mast cell behavior and function. Allergy. 2022;77(1):83-99. DOI:10.1111/all.14881
23. Costanzo G, Costanzo GAML, Del Moro L, et al. Mast Cells in Upper and Lower Airway Diseases: Sentinels in the Front Line. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(11):9771. DOI:10.3390/ijms24119771
24. Krystel-Whittemore M, Dileepan KN, Wood JG. Mast Cell: A Multi-Functional Master Cell. Front Immunol. 2016;6:620. DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2015.00620
25. Gelardi M, Giancaspro R, Cassano M, Ribatti D. The Underestimated Role of Mast Cells in the Pathogenesis of Rhinopathies. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2022;183(2):153-9. DOI:10.1159/000518924
26. Yu Y, Blokhuis BR, Garssen J, Redegeld FA. Non-IgE mediated mast cell activation. Eur J Pharmacol. 2016;778:33-43. DOI:10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.07.017
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Авторы
О.Б. Тамразова*1,2, Е.А. Глухова3, Г.А. Новик4, Г.Э. Баграмова5
1ГБУЗ «Детская городская клиническая больница им. З.А. Башляевой» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы, Москва, Российская Федерация
2ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России, Москва, Российская Федерация
3ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет), Москва, Российская Федерация
4ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет» Минздрава России, Санкт-Петербург, Российская Федерация
5ФГБУ «Федеральный научно-клинический центр специализированных видов медицинской помощи и медицинских технологий» ФМБА России, Москва, Российская Федерация
*anait_tamrazova@mail.ru
1Bashlyaeva City Children’s Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russian Federation
2Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation
3Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
4Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
5Federal Clinical Research Centre for Specialized Healthcare and Medical Technology, Moscow, Russian Federation
*anait_tamrazova@mail.ru
1ГБУЗ «Детская городская клиническая больница им. З.А. Башляевой» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы, Москва, Российская Федерация
2ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России, Москва, Российская Федерация
3ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет), Москва, Российская Федерация
4ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет» Минздрава России, Санкт-Петербург, Российская Федерация
5ФГБУ «Федеральный научно-клинический центр специализированных видов медицинской помощи и медицинских технологий» ФМБА России, Москва, Российская Федерация
*anait_tamrazova@mail.ru
________________________________________________
1Bashlyaeva City Children’s Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russian Federation
2Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation
3Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
4Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
5Federal Clinical Research Centre for Specialized Healthcare and Medical Technology, Moscow, Russian Federation
*anait_tamrazova@mail.ru
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