1. Межевитинова Е.А. Внутриматочная контрацепция. Практическая гинекология (Клинические лекции). Под ред. В.И.Кулакова, В.Н.Прилепской. М.: МЕДпрессинформ, 2001; 587–601.
2. Прилепская В.Н. Руководство по контрацепции. М.: МЕДпресс-информ, 2006.
3. d`Arcanges C. Worldwide use of intrauterine devices for contraception. Contraception 2007; 75: S2–7.
4. Avecilla-Palau A, Moreno V. Uterine factors and risk of pregnancy in IUD users: a nested case-control study. Contraception 2003; 67: 33–7.
5. Bahamondes L, Diaz J, Petta C et al. Comparison of the performances of TCu380A and TCu380S IUDs up to five years. Adv Contracept 1999; 15: 275–81.
6. Batar A, Kuukankorpi M, Siljander M et al. Five-year clinical experiences with NovaT380 copper IUD. Contraception 2002; 66: 309–14.
7. Bilian X. Chinese experience with intrauterine devices. Contraception 2007; 75: S31–4.
8. Bouyer J, Rachou E, Germain E et al. Risk factors for extrauterine pregnancy in women using an intrauterine device. Fertil Steril 2000; 74 (5): 899–908.
9. Celen S, Moroy P, Sucak A et al. Clinical outcomes of early postplacental insertion of intrauterine contraceptive devices. Contraception 2004; 69: 279–82.
10. Chantler E, Kenway P, Larouk Z et al. An analysis of the corrosion process of the Nova-T IUD. Adv Contracept 1994; 10 (4): 287–301.
11. Choice of contraceptives. Med Lett Drugs Ther 1995; 37: 9–12.
12. Cox M, Tripp S, Blacksell S. Clinical performance of the NovaT380 intrauterine device in routine use by the UK Family Planning and Reproductive Health Research Network: 5-year report. J Fam Plan Repr Health Care 2002; 28 (2): 69–72.
13. Eroglu K, Akkuzu G, Vural G et al. Comparison of efficacy and complications of IUD insertion in immediate postplacental/early postpartum period with interval period: 1 year follow-up. Contraception 2006; 74: 376–81.
14. French RS, Cowan FM, Mansour D et al. Levonorgestrel-releasing (20 microgram/day) intrauterine system (Mirena) compared with other methods of reversible contraceptive. BJOG 2000; 107: 1218–25.
15. French RS, Van Vilet H, Cowan FM et al. Hormonally impregnated intrauterine systems (IUSs) versus other forms of reversible contraceptives as effective methods of preventing pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004; CD001776.
16. Fugere P. Five years experience of intrauterine contraception with Nova T. Contraception 1990; 41: 1–7.
17. Grimes D. Intrauterine device and upper-genital-tract infection. Lancet 2000; 356: 1013–9.
18. Grimes D, Shulz K, Stanwood N. Immediate postabortal insertion of intrauterine devices. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004; CD001777.
19. Kulier R, Helmerhost FM, O`Brien P et al. Copper containing, framed intra-uterine devices for contraception. Cohrane Database Syst Rev 2006; 3: CD005347.
20. Mosher WD, Martinez GM, Chandra A et al. Use of contraception use of family planning services in the United States: 1982–2002. Adv Data 2004; 10: 1–36.
21. Oddens BJ. Women`s satisfaction with birth control: a population survey of physical, and psychological effects of oral contraceptives, intrauterine devices, condoms, natural family planning, and sterilization among 1466 women. Contraception 1999; 59: 277–86.
22. Ortyli N, Bulut A, Sahin T, Sivin I. Immediate postabortal contraception with the levonorgestrel intrauterine device, Norplant, and traditional methods. Contraception 2001; 63: 309–14.
23. Pakarinen P, Toivonen J, Luukainen T. Randomized comparison of levonorgestrel- and cooper-releasing intrauterine systems immediately after abortion, with 5 years` follow-up. Contraception 2003; 68: 31–4.
24. Physicians` desk reference. Paragrad T380A product information. Montvale (NJ): Medical Economics, 1996; 1880–3.
25. Rivera R, Yacobson I, Grimes D. The mechanism of action of hormonal contraceptives and intrauterine devices. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999; 181 (5 Pt 1): 1263–9.
26. Rodrigues da Cunha AC, Dorea JG, Cantuaria A. An intrauterine device and maternal copper metabolism during lactation. Contraception 2001; 63: 37–9.
27. Ronnerdag M, Odlind V. Health effects of long-term use of the intrauterine levonorgestrel-releasing system: a follow-up study over 12 years of continous use. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1999; 78: 716–21.
28. Spinatto II JA. Mechanism of action of intrauterine contraceptive devices and its relation to informed consent. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997; 176: 503–6.
29. The intrauterine device (IUD). In: Speroff L, Glass RH, Kase NG. editors. Clinical gynecologic endocrinology and infertility. 5th ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1994; 777–93.
30. Thonneau P, Goulard H, Goyaux N. Risk factors for intrauterine device failure: a review. Contraception 2001; 64: 33–7.
31. UNDP/UNPF/WHO/World Bank, Special Programme of Research, Development, and Research Training in Human Reproduction. Long-term reversible contraception: twelve years of experience with the TCu380A and TCu220C. Contraception 1997; 56: 341–52.
32. WHO Task Force on the Safety and Efficacy of Fertility Regulating Methods. The TCu380A, TCu220C, Multiload 250 and Nova T IUDs at 3, 5 and 7 years of use – results from three randomized multicentre trials. Contraception 1990; 42: 141–58.
33. Zhou L, Xiao B. Emergency contraception with multiload Cu-375 SL IUD: a multicenter clinical trial. Contraception 2001; 64: 107–12.

________________________________________________

1. Межевитинова Е.А. Внутриматочная контрацепция. Практическая гинекология (Клинические лекции). Под ред. В.И.Кулакова, В.Н.Прилепской. М.: МЕДпрессинформ, 2001; 587–601.
2. Прилепская В.Н. Руководство по контрацепции. М.: МЕДпресс-информ, 2006.
3. d`Arcanges C. Worldwide use of intrauterine devices for contraception. Contraception 2007; 75: S2–7.
4. Avecilla-Palau A, Moreno V. Uterine factors and risk of pregnancy in IUD users: a nested case-control study. Contraception 2003; 67: 33–7.
5. Bahamondes L, Diaz J, Petta C et al. Comparison of the performances of TCu380A and TCu380S IUDs up to five years. Adv Contracept 1999; 15: 275–81.
6. Batar A, Kuukankorpi M, Siljander M et al. Five-year clinical experiences with NovaT380 copper IUD. Contraception 2002; 66: 309–14.
7. Bilian X. Chinese experience with intrauterine devices. Contraception 2007; 75: S31–4.
8. Bouyer J, Rachou E, Germain E et al. Risk factors for extrauterine pregnancy in women using an intrauterine device. Fertil Steril 2000; 74 (5): 899–908.
9. Celen S, Moroy P, Sucak A et al. Clinical outcomes of early postplacental insertion of intrauterine contraceptive devices. Contraception 2004; 69: 279–82.
10. Chantler E, Kenway P, Larouk Z et al. An analysis of the corrosion process of the Nova-T IUD. Adv Contracept 1994; 10 (4): 287–301.
11. Choice of contraceptives. Med Lett Drugs Ther 1995; 37: 9–12.
12. Cox M, Tripp S, Blacksell S. Clinical performance of the NovaT380 intrauterine device in routine use by the UK Family Planning and Reproductive Health Research Network: 5-year report. J Fam Plan Repr Health Care 2002; 28 (2): 69–72.
13. Eroglu K, Akkuzu G, Vural G et al. Comparison of efficacy and complications of IUD insertion in immediate postplacental/early postpartum period with interval period: 1 year follow-up. Contraception 2006; 74: 376–81.
14. French RS, Cowan FM, Mansour D et al. Levonorgestrel-releasing (20 microgram/day) intrauterine system (Mirena) compared with other methods of reversible contraceptive. BJOG 2000; 107: 1218–25.
15. French RS, Van Vilet H, Cowan FM et al. Hormonally impregnated intrauterine systems (IUSs) versus other forms of reversible contraceptives as effective methods of preventing pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004; CD001776.
16. Fugere P. Five years experience of intrauterine contraception with Nova T. Contraception 1990; 41: 1–7.
17. Grimes D. Intrauterine device and upper-genital-tract infection. Lancet 2000; 356: 1013–9.
18. Grimes D, Shulz K, Stanwood N. Immediate postabortal insertion of intrauterine devices. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004; CD001777.
19. Kulier R, Helmerhost FM, O`Brien P et al. Copper containing, framed intra-uterine devices for contraception. Cohrane Database Syst Rev 2006; 3: CD005347.
20. Mosher WD, Martinez GM, Chandra A et al. Use of contraception use of family planning services in the United States: 1982–2002. Adv Data 2004; 10: 1–36.
21. Oddens BJ. Women`s satisfaction with birth control: a population survey of physical, and psychological effects of oral contraceptives, intrauterine devices, condoms, natural family planning, and sterilization among 1466 women. Contraception 1999; 59: 277–86.
22. Ortyli N, Bulut A, Sahin T, Sivin I. Immediate postabortal contraception with the levonorgestrel intrauterine device, Norplant, and traditional methods. Contraception 2001; 63: 309–14.
23. Pakarinen P, Toivonen J, Luukainen T. Randomized comparison of levonorgestrel- and cooper-releasing intrauterine systems immediately after abortion, with 5 years` follow-up. Contraception 2003; 68: 31–4.
24. Physicians` desk reference. Paragrad T380A product information. Montvale (NJ): Medical Economics, 1996; 1880–3.
25. Rivera R, Yacobson I, Grimes D. The mechanism of action of hormonal contraceptives and intrauterine devices. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999; 181 (5 Pt 1): 1263–9.
26. Rodrigues da Cunha AC, Dorea JG, Cantuaria A. An intrauterine device and maternal copper metabolism during lactation. Contraception 2001; 63: 37–9.
27. Ronnerdag M, Odlind V. Health effects of long-term use of the intrauterine levonorgestrel-releasing system: a follow-up study over 12 years of continous use. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1999; 78: 716–21.
28. Spinatto II JA. Mechanism of action of intrauterine contraceptive devices and its relation to informed consent. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997; 176: 503–6.
29. The intrauterine device (IUD). In: Speroff L, Glass RH, Kase NG. editors. Clinical gynecologic endocrinology and infertility. 5th ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1994; 777–93.
30. Thonneau P, Goulard H, Goyaux N. Risk factors for intrauterine device failure: a review. Contraception 2001; 64: 33–7.
31. UNDP/UNPF/WHO/World Bank, Special Programme of Research, Development, and Research Training in Human Reproduction. Long-term reversible contraception: twelve years of experience with the TCu380A and TCu220C. Contraception 1997; 56: 341–52.
32. WHO Task Force on the Safety and Efficacy of Fertility Regulating Methods. The TCu380A, TCu220C, Multiload 250 and Nova T IUDs at 3, 5 and 7 years of use – results from three randomized multicentre trials. Contraception 1990; 42: 141–58.
33. Zhou L, Xiao B. Emergency contraception with multiload Cu-375 SL IUD: a multicenter clinical trial. Contraception 2001; 64: 107–12.

И.В.Кузнецова

Кафедра акушерства и гинекологии №1 лечебного факультета ММА им. И.М.Сеченова 
(зав. – проф. А.И.Ищенко)