1. Moynihan R. The making of a disease: female sexual dysfunction. BMJ 2003; 326: 45–7.
2. Romashchenko O, Gorpinchenko I, Melnikov S. Estimation of the indices of the sexual health of women of the reproductive and menopausal age. J Sex Med 2006; 3 (Suppl. 3): MP-04-116, P-214.
3. Bancroft J, Loftus J, Long JS. Distress about sex: A national survey of women in heterosexual relationships. Arch Sex Behav 2003; 32: 193–211.
4. Basson R, Berman J, Burnett A et al. Report of the International Consensus Development Conference on Female Sexual Dysfunction: definitions and classifications. J Urol 2001; 163.
5. American Association for Retired Persons. Healthy sexuality and vital aging. Washington: American Association for Retired Persons, 1999.
6. Berman J, Berman L. For women only. A revolutionary guide to reclaiming your sex life. London: Virago Press, 2001.
7. May K, Riley A. Sexual function after 60. J Br Menopause Soc 2002; 8: 112–14. 12. Milsom I. Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of vaginal atrophy. Br Menopause Soc 2002; 8: 115–6.
8. Longscope C. Adrenal and gonadal androgen secretion in normal females. Clin Endocrinоl Metab 1986; 15: 213–27.
9. Burger HG. Androgen production in women. Fertil Steril 2002; 77: 3–5.
10. Bachmann GA, Leibleem SR. Sexuality in sexagenarian women. Maturitas 1991; 13: 43–50.
11. Mushayandebvu T, Castracane V. Evidence for diminished midcycle ovarion androgen prodaction in older reproduction aged women. Fertil Steril 1996; 65: 721–3.
12. Laan E, Van Lunsen R. Hormones and sexuality in postmenopausal women: a psychological study. J Psychosom Obstet Gynecol 1997; 18: 126–33.
13. Davis SR. When to suspect androgen deficiency other than at menopause. Fertil Steril 2002; 77: 68–71.
14. Braunstein GD. Androgen insufficiency in women: summary of critical issues. Fertil Steril 2002; 77: 94–9.
15. Braunstein G.D. Androgen insufficiency in women: summary of critical issues. Fertil Steril 2002; 77: 94–9.
16. Sarrel PM. Ovarian hormones and vaginal blood flow: using lasers Doppler velocimetry to measure effects in a clinical trial of post-menopausal women. Int J Impot Res 1998; suppl. 10: 91–3.
17. Davison SL, Davis SR. Androgens in women. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2003; 85 (2–5): 363–6.
18. Apperloo MJ, Van Der Stege JG, Hoek A, Weijmar Schultz WC. In the mood for sex: the value of androgens. J Sex Marital Ther 2003; 29 (2): 87–102.
19. Appelt H, Strauss B. The psychoendocrinology of female sexuality. Gynecology 1986; 19: 11–8.
20. Van Santbrink EJ, Gianotten WL, Fauser BC. Androgens, well-being and libido in women. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2003; 147 (39): 1899–904.
21. Panzer C, Wise S, Fantini G et al. Impact of oral contraceptives on sex hormon – binding globulin and androgen levels: A retrospectiv studiy in women with sexual dysfunction. J Sex Med 2006; 3: 104–13.
22. Guay A, Munarriz R, Jacobson J et al. Serum androgen levels in healthy premenopausal women with and without sexual dysfunction: Part A. Serum androgen levels in women aged 20–49 years with no complaints of sexual dysfunction. Int J Impot Res 2004; 16: 112–20.
23. Modelska K, Cummings S. Female sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women: systematic review of placebo-controlled trials. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003; 188: 286–93.
24. Cameron D.R, Braunstein G.D. Androgen replacement therapy in women. Fertil Steril 2004; 82: 273–89.
25. Laumann E, Park A, Rosen R. Sexual dysfunction in the United States, prevalence and predictors. JAMA 1999; 281: 537–44.
26. Davis SR. The use of testosterone after menopause. J Br Menopause Soc 2004; 10: 65–9.
27. Guay A, Jacobson J, Munarriz R et al. Serum androgen levels in healthy premenopausal women with and without sexual dysfunction: Part B: Reduced serum androgen levels in healthy premenopausal women with comglaints'of sexual dysfunction//Int J Impot Res 2004; 16: 121–9.
28. Shifren JL, Braunstein GD, Simon JA et al. Transdermal testosterone treatment in women with impaired sexual function after oophorectomy. N Engl J Med 2000; 343: 682–8.
29. Miller HB, Hunt JS. Female sexual dysfunction: review of the disorder and evidence for available treatment alternatives. Pharm Pract 2003; 16: 200–8.
30. Kloobsterboer H. Tibolone: a steroid with tissue-specific mode of action. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2001; 76: 231–8.
31. Gompel A, Kandouz M, Stromachkova M et al. The effects of tibolone on proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis inhumen breast cells. Gynecol Endocrinol 1997; 11: 77–9.
32. Nathorst-Boos J, Hammar M. Effect on sexual life-a comparison between tibolone and continuous estradiol-norethisterone acetate regimen. Maturitas 1997; 26: 15–20.
33. Звычайный М.А., Воронцова А.В. Пятилетний опыт применения препарата "Ливиала" у женщин репродуктивного возраста с хирургической менопаузой. Гинекология. 2002; 2 (4).
34. Балан В.Е. Урогенитальные расстройства в климактерии. Акуш. и гин. 1998; 6: 12–5.
35. Lue TF, Basson R, Rosen R et al. Sexual Medicine. Sexual Dysfunction in Men and Women. 2nd International Consultation on Sexual Dysfunction Paris: Edition, 2004.
36. Здравомыслов В.И., Анисимова З.Е., Либих С.С. Функциональная женская сексология. Алма-Ата: Казахстан, 1985.
37. Горпинченко И.И., Ромащенко О.В., Мельников С.Н. и др. Диагностика сексуальных дисфункций у женщин. Репродукт. здор. женщ. 2007; 4 (33): 49–53.
38. Uckert S, Waldkirch E, Sonnenberg J et al. Cyclic AMP- and cyclic GMP-binding protein kinases in the human vagina: Expression and co-localization with eNOS, VIP and PGP 9,5. J Sex Med 2008; 5 (Suppl. 2): MР-01-081, 72
39. Burnet AI, Calvin TC, Silver RI. Immuno-chemical description of nitric oxide synthase isoforms in human clitoris. J Urol 1997; 158 (75): 278.

________________________________________________

1. Moynihan R. The making of a disease: female sexual dysfunction. BMJ 2003; 326: 45–7.
2. Romashchenko O, Gorpinchenko I, Melnikov S. Estimation of the indices of the sexual health of women of the reproductive and menopausal age. J Sex Med 2006; 3 (Suppl. 3): MP-04-116, P-214.
3. Bancroft J, Loftus J, Long JS. Distress about sex: A national survey of women in heterosexual relationships. Arch Sex Behav 2003; 32: 193–211.
4. Basson R, Berman J, Burnett A et al. Report of the International Consensus Development Conference on Female Sexual Dysfunction: definitions and classifications. J Urol 2001; 163.
5. American Association for Retired Persons. Healthy sexuality and vital aging. Washington: American Association for Retired Persons, 1999.
6. Berman J, Berman L. For women only. A revolutionary guide to reclaiming your sex life. London: Virago Press, 2001.
7. May K, Riley A. Sexual function after 60. J Br Menopause Soc 2002; 8: 112–14. 12. Milsom I. Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of vaginal atrophy. Br Menopause Soc 2002; 8: 115–6.
8. Longscope C. Adrenal and gonadal androgen secretion in normal females. Clin Endocrinоl Metab 1986; 15: 213–27.
9. Burger HG. Androgen production in women. Fertil Steril 2002; 77: 3–5.
10. Bachmann GA, Leibleem SR. Sexuality in sexagenarian women. Maturitas 1991; 13: 43–50.
11. Mushayandebvu T, Castracane V. Evidence for diminished midcycle ovarion androgen prodaction in older reproduction aged women. Fertil Steril 1996; 65: 721–3.
12. Laan E, Van Lunsen R. Hormones and sexuality in postmenopausal women: a psychological study. J Psychosom Obstet Gynecol 1997; 18: 126–33.
13. Davis SR. When to suspect androgen deficiency other than at menopause. Fertil Steril 2002; 77: 68–71.
14. Braunstein GD. Androgen insufficiency in women: summary of critical issues. Fertil Steril 2002; 77: 94–9.
15. Braunstein G.D. Androgen insufficiency in women: summary of critical issues. Fertil Steril 2002; 77: 94–9.
16. Sarrel PM. Ovarian hormones and vaginal blood flow: using lasers Doppler velocimetry to measure effects in a clinical trial of post-menopausal women. Int J Impot Res 1998; suppl. 10: 91–3.
17. Davison SL, Davis SR. Androgens in women. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2003; 85 (2–5): 363–6.
18. Apperloo MJ, Van Der Stege JG, Hoek A, Weijmar Schultz WC. In the mood for sex: the value of androgens. J Sex Marital Ther 2003; 29 (2): 87–102.
19. Appelt H, Strauss B. The psychoendocrinology of female sexuality. Gynecology 1986; 19: 11–8.
20. Van Santbrink EJ, Gianotten WL, Fauser BC. Androgens, well-being and libido in women. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2003; 147 (39): 1899–904.
21. Panzer C, Wise S, Fantini G et al. Impact of oral contraceptives on sex hormon – binding globulin and androgen levels: A retrospectiv studiy in women with sexual dysfunction. J Sex Med 2006; 3: 104–13.
22. Guay A, Munarriz R, Jacobson J et al. Serum androgen levels in healthy premenopausal women with and without sexual dysfunction: Part A. Serum androgen levels in women aged 20–49 years with no complaints of sexual dysfunction. Int J Impot Res 2004; 16: 112–20.
23. Modelska K, Cummings S. Female sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women: systematic review of placebo-controlled trials. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003; 188: 286–93.
24. Cameron D.R, Braunstein G.D. Androgen replacement therapy in women. Fertil Steril 2004; 82: 273–89.
25. Laumann E, Park A, Rosen R. Sexual dysfunction in the United States, prevalence and predictors. JAMA 1999; 281: 537–44.
26. Davis SR. The use of testosterone after menopause. J Br Menopause Soc 2004; 10: 65–9.
27. Guay A, Jacobson J, Munarriz R et al. Serum androgen levels in healthy premenopausal women with and without sexual dysfunction: Part B: Reduced serum androgen levels in healthy premenopausal women with comglaints'of sexual dysfunction//Int J Impot Res 2004; 16: 121–9.
28. Shifren JL, Braunstein GD, Simon JA et al. Transdermal testosterone treatment in women with impaired sexual function after oophorectomy. N Engl J Med 2000; 343: 682–8.
29. Miller HB, Hunt JS. Female sexual dysfunction: review of the disorder and evidence for available treatment alternatives. Pharm Pract 2003; 16: 200–8.
30. Kloobsterboer H. Tibolone: a steroid with tissue-specific mode of action. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2001; 76: 231–8.
31. Gompel A, Kandouz M, Stromachkova M et al. The effects of tibolone on proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis inhumen breast cells. Gynecol Endocrinol 1997; 11: 77–9.
32. Nathorst-Boos J, Hammar M. Effect on sexual life-a comparison between tibolone and continuous estradiol-norethisterone acetate regimen. Maturitas 1997; 26: 15–20.
35. Lue TF, Basson R, Rosen R et al. Sexual Medicine. Sexual Dysfunction in Men and Women. 2nd International Consultation on Sexual Dysfunction Paris: Edition, 2004.
36. Здравомыслов В.И., Анисимова З.Е., Либих С.С. Функциональная женская сексология. Алма-Ата: Казахстан, 1985.
37. Горпинченко И.И., Ромащенко О.В., Мельников С.Н. и др. Диагностика сексуальных дисфункций у женщин. Репродукт. здор. женщ. 2007; 4 (33): 49–53.
38. Uckert S, Waldkirch E, Sonnenberg J et al. Cyclic AMP- and cyclic GMP-binding protein kinases in the human vagina: Expression and co-localization with eNOS, VIP and PGP 9,5. J Sex Med 2008; 5 (Suppl. 2): MР-01-081, 72
39. Burnet AI, Calvin TC, Silver RI. Immuno-chemical description of nitric oxide synthase isoforms in human clitoris. J Urol 1997; 158 (75): 278.

О.В.Ромащенко, С.Н.Мельников, В.В.Билоголовская

Украинский институт сексологии и андрологии, Киев