1. Blackburn RD, CunkelmanA, Zlidar VM. Oral contraceptives – an update. Popul Rep A 2000; 28( 1): 1–16, 25–32.
2. Potter LS. Oral contraceptive compliance and its role in the effectiveness of the method. Eds. JA Cramer, B.Spilker. Patient compliance in medical practice and clinical trials. New York: Raven Press, 1991; 195–207.
3. Trussell J, Vaughan B. Contraceptive failure, method-related discontinuation and resumption of use: results from the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth. Fam Plann Perspect 1999; 31: 64-72, 93.
4. Brenner PM, Mishell DR Jr, Stanczyk FZ et al. Serum levels of d-norgestrel, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, estradiol, and progesterone in women during and following ingestion of combination oral contraceptives containing dlnorgestrel. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1977; 129: 133.
5. Willis SA, Kuehl TJ, Spiekerman AM, Sulak PJ. Greater inhibition of the pituitary-ovarian axis in oral contraceptive regimens with a shortened hormone-free interval. Contraception 2006; 74 (2): 100–3.
6. Baerwald A, Olatunbosun O, Pierson R. Ovarian follicular development is initiated during the hormone-free interval of oral contraceptive use. Contraception 2004; 70: 371–7.
7. Jain J, Ota F,Mishell D Jr. Comparison of ovarian follicular activity during treatment with a monthly injectable contraceptive and a low-dose oral contraceptive. Contraception 2000; 61: 195–8.
8. Grimes DA, Godwin AJ, Rubin A et al. Ovulation and follicular development associated with three low-dose oral contraceptives: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol 1994; 83: 29–34.
9. Coney P, DelConte A. The effects on ovarian activity of a monophasic oral contraceptive with 100 mg levonorgestrel and 20 mg ethinyl estradiol. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999; 181 (5 part 2): 53-8.
10. Sulak P, Scow R, Preece C et al. Hormone withdrawal symptoms in oral contraceptive users. Obstet Gynecol 2000; 95: 261–6.
11. Van Heusden A, Fauser B. Activity of the pituitary-ovarian axis in the pill-free interval during use of low-dose combined oral contraceptives. Contraception 1999; 59: 237–43.
12. Bannemerschult R, Hanker JP, Wünsch C et al. A multicenter, uncontrolled clinical investigation of the contraceptive efficacy, cycle control, and safety of a new low-dose oral contraceptive containing 20 mg ethinyl estradiol and 100 mg levonorgestrel over six treatment cycles. Contraception 1997; 56: 285–90.
13. Hite RC, Bannemerschult R, Fox-Kuchenbecker P et al. Large observational trial of a new low-dose oral contraceptive containing 20 mg ethinylestradiol and 100 mg levonorgestrel (Miranova®) in Germany. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 1999; 4: 7–13.
14. Creinin M, Lippman J, Eder S et al. The effect of extending the pill-free interval on follicular activity: triphasic norgestimate/35 mg ethinyl estradiol versus monophasic levonorgestrel/20 mg ethinyl estradiol. Contraception 2002; 66: 147–52.
15. Spona J, Elstien M, Feichtinger W et al. Shorter pill-free interval in combined oral contraceptives decreases follicular development. Contraception 1996; 54 (2): 71–7.
16. Sullivan H, Furniss H, Spona J, Elstein M. Effect of 21-day and 24-day oral contraceptive regimens containing gestodene (60 mg) and ethinyl estradiol (15 mg) on ovarian activity. Fertil Steril 1999; 72: 115–20.
17. Killick SR, Fitzgerald C, Davis A. Ovarian activity in women taking an oral contraceptive containing 20 microg ethinyl estradiol and 150 microg desogestrel: effects of low estrogen doses during the hormone-free interval. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998; 179 (1): S18–24.
18. Klipping C, Duijkers I, Trummer D,Marr J. Suppression of ovarian activity with a drospirenone-containing oral contraceptive in a 24/4 regimen. Contraception 2008; In press.
19. Nakajima S, Archer D, Ellman H. Efficacy and safety of a new 24-day oral contraceptive regimen of norethindrone acetate 1 mg/ethinyl estradiol 20 mg (Loestrin 24 FeR). Contraception 2007; 75: 16–22.
20. Bachman G, Sulak PJ, Sampson-Landers C et al. Efficacy and safety of a low-dose 24-day combined oral contraceptive containing 20 mg ethinylestradiol and 3 mg drospirenone. Contraception 2004; 70: 191–8.
21.Vree ML, Schmidt J. A large observational clinical evaluation of a desogestrel-containing combiphasic oral contraceptive in Germany. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 2001; 6 (2): 108–14.
22. Yonkers K, Brown C, Pearlstein T et al. Efficacy of a new lowdose oral contraceptive with drospirenone in premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005; 106 (3): 492–501.
23. Freeman EW, Kroll R, Rapkin A et al. Evaluation of a unique oral contraceptive in the treatment of premenstrual dysphoric disorder. J Women's Health Gend Based Med 2001; 10: 561–9.
24. Klipping C, Marr J. Effects of two combined oral contraceptives containing ethinyl estradiol 20 mg combined with either drospirenone or desogestrel on lipids, hemostatic parameters and carbohydrate metabolism. Contraception 2005; 71: 409–16.
25. Anderson FD, Hait H, Hsiu J et al. Endometrial microstructure after long-term use of a 91-day extended-cycle oral contraceptive regimen. Contraception 2005; 71: 55–9.

________________________________________________

1. Blackburn RD, CunkelmanA, Zlidar VM. Oral contraceptives – an update. Popul Rep A 2000; 28( 1): 1–16, 25–32.
2. Potter LS. Oral contraceptive compliance and its role in the effectiveness of the method. Eds. JA Cramer, B.Spilker. Patient compliance in medical practice and clinical trials. New York: Raven Press, 1991; 195–207.
3. Trussell J, Vaughan B. Contraceptive failure, method-related discontinuation and resumption of use: results from the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth. Fam Plann Perspect 1999; 31: 64-72, 93.
4. Brenner PM, Mishell DR Jr, Stanczyk FZ et al. Serum levels of d-norgestrel, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, estradiol, and progesterone in women during and following ingestion of combination oral contraceptives containing dlnorgestrel. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1977; 129: 133.
5. Willis SA, Kuehl TJ, Spiekerman AM, Sulak PJ. Greater inhibition of the pituitary-ovarian axis in oral contraceptive regimens with a shortened hormone-free interval. Contraception 2006; 74 (2): 100–3.
6. Baerwald A, Olatunbosun O, Pierson R. Ovarian follicular development is initiated during the hormone-free interval of oral contraceptive use. Contraception 2004; 70: 371–7.
7. Jain J, Ota F,Mishell D Jr. Comparison of ovarian follicular activity during treatment with a monthly injectable contraceptive and a low-dose oral contraceptive. Contraception 2000; 61: 195–8.
8. Grimes DA, Godwin AJ, Rubin A et al. Ovulation and follicular development associated with three low-dose oral contraceptives: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol 1994; 83: 29–34.
9. Coney P, DelConte A. The effects on ovarian activity of a monophasic oral contraceptive with 100 mg levonorgestrel and 20 mg ethinyl estradiol. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999; 181 (5 part 2): 53-8.
10. Sulak P, Scow R, Preece C et al. Hormone withdrawal symptoms in oral contraceptive users. Obstet Gynecol 2000; 95: 261–6.
11. Van Heusden A, Fauser B. Activity of the pituitary-ovarian axis in the pill-free interval during use of low-dose combined oral contraceptives. Contraception 1999; 59: 237–43.
12. Bannemerschult R, Hanker JP, Wünsch C et al. A multicenter, uncontrolled clinical investigation of the contraceptive efficacy, cycle control, and safety of a new low-dose oral contraceptive containing 20 mg ethinyl estradiol and 100 mg levonorgestrel over six treatment cycles. Contraception 1997; 56: 285–90.
13. Hite RC, Bannemerschult R, Fox-Kuchenbecker P et al. Large observational trial of a new low-dose oral contraceptive containing 20 mg ethinylestradiol and 100 mg levonorgestrel (Miranova®) in Germany. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 1999; 4: 7–13.
14. Creinin M, Lippman J, Eder S et al. The effect of extending the pill-free interval on follicular activity: triphasic norgestimate/35 mg ethinyl estradiol versus monophasic levonorgestrel/20 mg ethinyl estradiol. Contraception 2002; 66: 147–52.
15. Spona J, Elstien M, Feichtinger W et al. Shorter pill-free interval in combined oral contraceptives decreases follicular development. Contraception 1996; 54 (2): 71–7.
16. Sullivan H, Furniss H, Spona J, Elstein M. Effect of 21-day and 24-day oral contraceptive regimens containing gestodene (60 mg) and ethinyl estradiol (15 mg) on ovarian activity. Fertil Steril 1999; 72: 115–20.
17. Killick SR, Fitzgerald C, Davis A. Ovarian activity in women taking an oral contraceptive containing 20 microg ethinyl estradiol and 150 microg desogestrel: effects of low estrogen doses during the hormone-free interval. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998; 179 (1): S18–24.
18. Klipping C, Duijkers I, Trummer D,Marr J. Suppression of ovarian activity with a drospirenone-containing oral contraceptive in a 24/4 regimen. Contraception 2008; In press.
19. Nakajima S, Archer D, Ellman H. Efficacy and safety of a new 24-day oral contraceptive regimen of norethindrone acetate 1 mg/ethinyl estradiol 20 mg (Loestrin 24 FeR). Contraception 2007; 75: 16–22.
20. Bachman G, Sulak PJ, Sampson-Landers C et al. Efficacy and safety of a low-dose 24-day combined oral contraceptive containing 20 mg ethinylestradiol and 3 mg drospirenone. Contraception 2004; 70: 191–8.
21.Vree ML, Schmidt J. A large observational clinical evaluation of a desogestrel-containing combiphasic oral contraceptive in Germany. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 2001; 6 (2): 108–14.
22. Yonkers K, Brown C, Pearlstein T et al. Efficacy of a new lowdose oral contraceptive with drospirenone in premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005; 106 (3): 492–501.
23. Freeman EW, Kroll R, Rapkin A et al. Evaluation of a unique oral contraceptive in the treatment of premenstrual dysphoric disorder. J Women's Health Gend Based Med 2001; 10: 561–9.
24. Klipping C, Marr J. Effects of two combined oral contraceptives containing ethinyl estradiol 20 mg combined with either drospirenone or desogestrel on lipids, hemostatic parameters and carbohydrate metabolism. Contraception 2005; 71: 409–16.
25. Anderson FD, Hait H, Hsiu J et al. Endometrial microstructure after long-term use of a 91-day extended-cycle oral contraceptive regimen. Contraception 2005; 71: 55–9.

R.D.Rible, D.R.Mishell Jr

Департамент акушерства и гинекологии, медицинская школа Keck, Университет Южной Калифорнии, Лос-Анджелес, США