Заместительная гормонотерапия в климактерии: современные тенденции

1. Davis SR, Dinatale I, Rivera-Woll L, Davison S. Postmenopausal hormone therapy: from monkey glands to transdermal patches. J Endocrinol 2005; 185: 207–22.
2. Schmidt-Gollwitzer K. Estrogen/hormone replacement therapy present and past. Gynecol Endocrinol 2001; 15 (suppl. 4): 11–6.
3. Cметник В.П. Медицина климактерия. М., 2008.
4. Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice RL et al. Writing Group for the Women’s Health Initiative Investigators. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the Women’s Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002; 288: 321–33.
5. Anderson GL, Limacher M, Assaf AR et al. Women’s Health Initiative Steering Committee. Effects of conjugated equine estrogen in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy: the Women’s Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004; 291: 1701–12.
6. Archer DF. Lower doses of oral estrogen and progestogens as treatment for postmenopausal women. Semin Reprod Med 2005; 23: 188–95.
7. Burkman R, Schlesselman JJ, Zieman M. Safety concerns and health benefits associated with oral contraception. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004; 190 (4;  suppl.): S5–22.
8. Hulley S, Grady D, Bush T et al. Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study (HERS) Research Group. Randomized trial of estrogen plus progestin for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. JAMA 1998; 280: 605–13.
9. Manson JE, Hsia J, Johnson KC et al. Women’s Health Initiative Investigators. Estrogen plus progestin and the risk of coronary heart disease. NEngl J Med 2003; 349: 523–34.
10. Grodstein F, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ. Hormone therapy and coronary heart disease: the role of time since menopause and age at hormone initiation. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2006; 15: 35–44.
11. Lobo RA. Evaluation of cardiovascular event rates with hormone therapy in healthy, early postmenopausal women: results from 2 large clinical trials. Arch Intern Med 2004; 164: 482–4.
12. Wassertheil-Smoller S, Hendrix SL, Limacher M et al. WHI Investigators. Effect of estrogen plus progestin on stroke in postmenopausal women: the Women’s Health Initiative: a randomized trial. JAMA 2003; 289: 2673–84.
13. Merrill RM, Fugal S, Novilla LB, Raphael MC. Cancer risk associated with early and late maternal age at first birth. Gynecol Oncol 2005; 96: 583–93.
14. Chlebowski RT, Hendrix SL, Langer RD et al. WHI Investigators. Influence of estrogen plus progestin on breast cancer and mammography in healthy postmenopausal women: the Women’s Health Initiative randomized trial. JAMA 2003; 289: 3243–53.
15. Carney PA, Miglioretti DL, Yankaskas BC et al. Individual and combined effects of age, breast density, and hormone replacement therapy use on the accuracy of screening mammography [published correction appears in Ann Intern Med. 2003;138:771]. Ann Intern Med 2003; 138: 168–75.
16. Byrne C, Schairer C, Brinton LA et al. Effects of mammographic density and benign breast disease on breast cancer risk (United States). Cancer Causes Control 2001; 12: 103–10.
17. McTiernan A, Martin CF, Peck JD et al. Women’s Health Initiative Mammogram Density Study Investigators. Estrogen-plus-progestin use and mammographic density in postmenopausal women: Women’s Health Initiative randomized trial. J Natl Cancer Inst 2005; 97: 1366–76.
18. Yaffe M, Hendrix S, Pike M et al. Is mammographic density, as currently measured, a robust surrogate marker for breast cancer? Gynecol Endocrinol 2005; 21 (suppl. 1): 17–21.
19. Christodoulakos GE, Lambrinoudaki IV, Vourtsi AD et al. The effect of low dose hormone therapy on mammographic breast density. Maturitas 2006; 54: 78–85.
20. Weiss NS, Szekely DR, English DR, Schweid AI. Endometrial cancer in relation to patterns of menopausal estrogen use. JAMA 1979; 242: 261–4.
21. Peeyananjarassri K, Baber R. Effects of low-dose hormone therapy on menopausal symptoms, bone mineral density, endometrium, and the cardiovascular system: a review of randomized clinical trials. Climacteric 2005; 8: 13–23.
22. Crandall C. Low-dose estrogen therapy for menopausal women: a review of efficacy and safety. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2003; 12: 723–47.
23. Ettinger B. Vasomotor symptom relief versus unwanted effects: role of estrogen dosage. Am J Med 2005; 118 (suppl. 12B): 74–8.
24. Notelovitz M, Mattox JH. Suppression of vasomotor and vulvovaginal symptoms with continuous oral 17beta-estradiol. Menopause 2000; 7: 310–7.
25. Wells G, Tugwell P, Shea B et al. Osteoporosis Methodology Group, Osteoporosis Research Advisory Group. Meta-analyses of therapies for postmenopausal osteoporisis, part V: meta-analysis of the efficacy of hormone replacement therapy in treating and preventing osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Endocr Rev 2002; 23: 529–39.
26. Nelson LM, Covingtn SN, Rebar RW. An update: spontaneous premature ovarian failure is not an early menopause. Fertil Steril 2005; 83: 1327–32.
27. Cooper GS, Sandler DP. Age at natural menopause and mortality. Ann Epidemiol 1998; 8: 229–35.
28. Parker WH, Broder MS, Liu Z et al. Ovarian conservation at the time of hysterectomy for benign disease. Obstet Gynecol 2005; 106: 219–26.
29. Hersh AL, Stefanick ML, Stafford RS. National use of postmenopausal hormone therapy: annual trends and response to recent evidence. JAMA 2004; 291: 47–53.
30. Guay MP, Dragomir A, Pilon D et al. Changes in pattern of use, clinical characteristics and persistence rate of hormone replacement therapy among postmenopausal women after the WHI publication. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2006 Jun 22.
31. van Seumeren I. Weight gain and hormone replacement therapy: are women's fears justified? Maturitas 2000; 34 (Suppl. 1): S3–8.
32. Sites CK, L’Hommedieu GD, Toth MJ et al. The Effect of Hormone Replacement Therapy on Body Composition, Body Fat Distribution, and Insulin Sensitivity in Menopausal Women: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90 (5): 2701–7.

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1. Davis SR, Dinatale I, Rivera-Woll L, Davison S. Postmenopausal hormone therapy: from monkey glands to transdermal patches. J Endocrinol 2005; 185: 207–22.
2. Schmidt-Gollwitzer K. Estrogen/hormone replacement therapy present and past. Gynecol Endocrinol 2001; 15 (suppl. 4): 11–6.
3. Cметник В.П. Медицина климактерия. М., 2008.
4. Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice RL et al. Writing Group for the Women’s Health Initiative Investigators. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the Women’s Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002; 288: 321–33.
5. Anderson GL, Limacher M, Assaf AR et al. Women’s Health Initiative Steering Committee. Effects of conjugated equine estrogen in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy: the Women’s Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004; 291: 1701–12.
6. Archer DF. Lower doses of oral estrogen and progestogens as treatment for postmenopausal women. Semin Reprod Med 2005; 23: 188–95.
7. Burkman R, Schlesselman JJ, Zieman M. Safety concerns and health benefits associated with oral contraception. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004; 190 (4;  suppl.): S5–22.
8. Hulley S, Grady D, Bush T et al. Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study (HERS) Research Group. Randomized trial of estrogen plus progestin for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. JAMA 1998; 280: 605–13.
9. Manson JE, Hsia J, Johnson KC et al. Women’s Health Initiative Investigators. Estrogen plus progestin and the risk of coronary heart disease. NEngl J Med 2003; 349: 523–34.
10. Grodstein F, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ. Hormone therapy and coronary heart disease: the role of time since menopause and age at hormone initiation. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2006; 15: 35–44.
11. Lobo RA. Evaluation of cardiovascular event rates with hormone therapy in healthy, early postmenopausal women: results from 2 large clinical trials. Arch Intern Med 2004; 164: 482–4.
12. Wassertheil-Smoller S, Hendrix SL, Limacher M et al. WHI Investigators. Effect of estrogen plus progestin on stroke in postmenopausal women: the Women’s Health Initiative: a randomized trial. JAMA 2003; 289: 2673–84.
13. Merrill RM, Fugal S, Novilla LB, Raphael MC. Cancer risk associated with early and late maternal age at first birth. Gynecol Oncol 2005; 96: 583–93.
14. Chlebowski RT, Hendrix SL, Langer RD et al. WHI Investigators. Influence of estrogen plus progestin on breast cancer and mammography in healthy postmenopausal women: the Women’s Health Initiative randomized trial. JAMA 2003; 289: 3243–53.
15. Carney PA, Miglioretti DL, Yankaskas BC et al. Individual and combined effects of age, breast density, and hormone replacement therapy use on the accuracy of screening mammography [published correction appears in Ann Intern Med. 2003;138:771]. Ann Intern Med 2003; 138: 168–75.
16. Byrne C, Schairer C, Brinton LA et al. Effects of mammographic density and benign breast disease on breast cancer risk (United States). Cancer Causes Control 2001; 12: 103–10.
17. McTiernan A, Martin CF, Peck JD et al. Women’s Health Initiative Mammogram Density Study Investigators. Estrogen-plus-progestin use and mammographic density in postmenopausal women: Women’s Health Initiative randomized trial. J Natl Cancer Inst 2005; 97: 1366–76.
18. Yaffe M, Hendrix S, Pike M et al. Is mammographic density, as currently measured, a robust surrogate marker for breast cancer? Gynecol Endocrinol 2005; 21 (suppl. 1): 17–21.
19. Christodoulakos GE, Lambrinoudaki IV, Vourtsi AD et al. The effect of low dose hormone therapy on mammographic breast density. Maturitas 2006; 54: 78–85.
20. Weiss NS, Szekely DR, English DR, Schweid AI. Endometrial cancer in relation to patterns of menopausal estrogen use. JAMA 1979; 242: 261–4.
21. Peeyananjarassri K, Baber R. Effects of low-dose hormone therapy on menopausal symptoms, bone mineral density, endometrium, and the cardiovascular system: a review of randomized clinical trials. Climacteric 2005; 8: 13–23.
22. Crandall C. Low-dose estrogen therapy for menopausal women: a review of efficacy and safety. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2003; 12: 723–47.
23. Ettinger B. Vasomotor symptom relief versus unwanted effects: role of estrogen dosage. Am J Med 2005; 118 (suppl. 12B): 74–8.
24. Notelovitz M, Mattox JH. Suppression of vasomotor and vulvovaginal symptoms with continuous oral 17beta-estradiol. Menopause 2000; 7: 310–7.
25. Wells G, Tugwell P, Shea B et al. Osteoporosis Methodology Group, Osteoporosis Research Advisory Group. Meta-analyses of therapies for postmenopausal osteoporisis, part V: meta-analysis of the efficacy of hormone replacement therapy in treating and preventing osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Endocr Rev 2002; 23: 529–39.
26. Nelson LM, Covingtn SN, Rebar RW. An update: spontaneous premature ovarian failure is not an early menopause. Fertil Steril 2005; 83: 1327–32.
27. Cooper GS, Sandler DP. Age at natural menopause and mortality. Ann Epidemiol 1998; 8: 229–35.
28. Parker WH, Broder MS, Liu Z et al. Ovarian conservation at the time of hysterectomy for benign disease. Obstet Gynecol 2005; 106: 219–26.
29. Hersh AL, Stefanick ML, Stafford RS. National use of postmenopausal hormone therapy: annual trends and response to recent evidence. JAMA 2004; 291: 47–53.
30. Guay MP, Dragomir A, Pilon D et al. Changes in pattern of use, clinical characteristics and persistence rate of hormone replacement therapy among postmenopausal women after the WHI publication. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2006 Jun 22.
31. van Seumeren I. Weight gain and hormone replacement therapy: are women's fears justified? Maturitas 2000; 34 (Suppl. 1): S3–8.
32. Sites CK, L’Hommedieu GD, Toth MJ et al. The Effect of Hormone Replacement Therapy on Body Composition, Body Fat Distribution, and Insulin Sensitivity in Menopausal Women: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90 (5): 2701–7.

И.Г.Шестакова

Кафедра женских болезней и репродуктивного здоровья Института усовершенствования врачей, ФГУ Национальный медико-хирургический центр им. Н.И.Пирогова, Москва