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Гиперандрогенные состояния: под прицелом хлормадинона ацетата
Гиперандрогенные состояния: под прицелом хлормадинона ацетата
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Аннотация
Кафедра репродуктивной медицины и хирургии (зав. – акад. РАМН Л.В.Адамян)
Московского государственного медико-стоматологического университета
Московского государственного медико-стоматологического университета
Полный текст
Список литературы
1. Прилепская В.Н., Шулятьева Н.Н. Клинические аспекты применения оральных контрацептивов с антиандрогенным действием. Гинекология. 2005; 7 (2): 49–53.
2. Серов В.Н. Белара – новый низкодозированный оральный контрацептив с антиандрогенным эффектом. Гинекология. 2003; 5 (5): 217–21.
3. Шилин Д.Е. Синдром гиперандрогении: современные подходы к диагностике и новые технологии терапии. Лечащий врач. 2003; 10: 36–9.
4. Шилин Д.Е. Синдром поликистозных яичников: международный диагностический консенсус (2003 г.) и современная идеология терапии. Cons. Med. 2004; 6 (9): 683–9.
5. Arowojolu AO, Gallo MF, Lopez LM et al. Combined oral contraceptive pills for treatment of acne. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009; 3: CD004425.
6. Bitzer J. Belara – proven benefits in daily practice. Eur J Contracept Reprod. Health Care 2005; 10 (Suppl. 1): 19–25.
7. Caruso S, Rugolo S, Agnello C et al. Quality of sexual life in hyperandrogenic women treated with an oral contraceptive containing chlormadinone acetate. J Sex Med 2009; 6 (12): 3376–84.
8. Curran MP, Wagstaff AJ. Ethinylestradiol/chlormadinone acetate. Drugs 2004; 64 (7): 751–60; discussion 761–2.
9. Druckmann R. Profile of the progesterone derivative chlormadinone acetate – pharmocodynamic properties and therapeutic applications. Contraception 2009; 79 (4): 272–81.
10. Heskamp ML, Schramm GA. Efficacy of the low-dose combined oral contraceptive chlormadinone acetate/ethinylestradiol: physical and emotional benefits. Contraception 2010; 81 (1): 49–56.
11. Hodgson TK, Braunstein GD. Physiological Effects of Androgens in Women. In: Androgen excess disorders in women: polycystic ovary syndrome and other disorders. Eds. R.Azziz, J.E.Nestler, D.Dewailly. Humana Press, 2nd ed., 2006; p. 49–62.
12. Jackson MC. Oral contraception in practice. J Reprod Fertil 1963; 6: 153–73.
13. Johnson KH. Are oral contraceptives (OCPs) with anti-androgenic progestins preferred over other OCPs in patients with acne? J Fam Pract 2002; 51 (1): 86.
14. Kerscher M, Reuther T, Bayrhammer J, Schramm G. Effects of an oral contraceptive containing chlormadinone and ethinylestradiol on acne-prone skin of women of different age groups: an open-label, single-centre, phase IV study. Clin Drug Investig 2008; 28 (11): 703–11.
15. Lello S, Primavera G, Colonna L et al. Effects of two estroprogestins containing ethynilestradiol 30 microg and drospirenone 3 mg and ethynilestradiol 30 microg and chlormadinone 2 mg on skin and hormonal hyperandrogenic manifestations. Gynecol Endocrinol 2008; 24 (12): 718–23.
16. Plewig G, Cunliffe WJ, Binder N, Höschen K. Efficacy of an oral contraceptive containing EE 0.03 mg and CMA 2 mg (Belara) in moderate acne resolution: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase III trial. Contraception 2009; 80 (1): 25–33.
17. Raudrant D, Rabe T. Progestogens with antiandrogenic properties. Drugs 2003; 63 (5): 463–92.
18. Sabatini R, Orsini G, Cagiano R, Loverro G. Noncontraceptive benefits of two combined oral contraceptives with antiandrogenic properties among adolescents. Contraception 2007; 76 (5): 342–7.
19. Schneider J, Kneip C, Jahnel U. Comparative effects of chlormadinone acetate and its 3alpha- and 3beta-hydroxy metabolites on progesterone, androgen and glucocorticoid receptors. Pharmacology 2009; 84 (2): 74–81.
20. Schramm G, Heckes B. Switching hormonal contraceptives to a chlormadinone acetate-containing oral contraceptive. The Contraceptive Switch Study. Contraception 2007; 76 (2): 84–90.
21. Schramm G, Steffens D. A 12-month evaluation of the CMA-containing oral contraceptive Belara: efficacy, tolerability and anti-androgenic properties. Contraception 2003; 67 (4): 305–12.
22. Schramm G, Steffens D. Contraceptive efficacy and tolerability of chlormadinone acetate 2 mg/ethinylestradiol 0.03 mg (Belara®): results of a post-marketing surveillance study. Clin Drug Invest 2002; 22 (4): 221–31.
23. Spon J, Binder N, Höschen K, Feichtinger W. Contraceptive efficacy and safety of a low-dose oral contraceptive, (0.03 mg ethinyl oestradiol and 2 mg chlormadinone acetate) Belara, over three medication cycles. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 2008; 13 (1): 39–48.
24. Terouanne B, Paris F, Servant N et al. Evidence that chlormadinone acetate exhibits antiandrogenic activity in androgen-dependent cell line. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2002; 198 (1–2): 143–7.
25. Uras R, Orrù M, Etzi R et al. Evidence that in healthy young women, a six-cycle treatment with oral contraceptive containing 30 mcg of ethinylestradiol plus 2 mg of chlormadinone acetate reduces fat mass. Contraception 2009; 79 (2): 117–21.
26. Winkler UH, Sudik R. The effects of two monophasic oral contraceptives containing 30 mcg of ethinyl estradiol and either 2 mg of chlormadinone acetate or 0.15 mg of desogestrel on lipid, hormone and metabolic parameters. Contraception 2009; 79 (1): 15–23.
27. Worret I, Arp W, Zahradnik HP et al. Acne resolution rates: results of a single-blind, randomized, controlled, parallel phase III trial with EE/CMA (Belara) and EE/LNG (Microgynon). Dermatology 2001; 203 (1): 38–44.
28. Zahradnik HP. Belara – a reliable oral contraceptive with additional benefits for health and efficacy in dysmenorrhoea. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 2005; 10 (Suppl. 1): 12–8.
29. Zahradnik HP, Goldberg J, Andreas JO. Efficacy and safety of the new antiandrogenic oral contraceptive Belara. Contraception 1998; 57 (2): 103–9.
30. Zahradnik HP, Hanjalic-Beck A. Efficacy, safety and sustainability of treatment continuation and results of an oral contraceptive containing 30 mcg ethinyl estradiol and 2 mg chlormadinone acetate, in long-term usage (up to 45 cycles) – an open-label, prospective, noncontrolled, office-based Phase III study. Contraception 2008; 77 (5): 337–43.
2. Серов В.Н. Белара – новый низкодозированный оральный контрацептив с антиандрогенным эффектом. Гинекология. 2003; 5 (5): 217–21.
3. Шилин Д.Е. Синдром гиперандрогении: современные подходы к диагностике и новые технологии терапии. Лечащий врач. 2003; 10: 36–9.
4. Шилин Д.Е. Синдром поликистозных яичников: международный диагностический консенсус (2003 г.) и современная идеология терапии. Cons. Med. 2004; 6 (9): 683–9.
5. Arowojolu AO, Gallo MF, Lopez LM et al. Combined oral contraceptive pills for treatment of acne. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009; 3: CD004425.
6. Bitzer J. Belara – proven benefits in daily practice. Eur J Contracept Reprod. Health Care 2005; 10 (Suppl. 1): 19–25.
7. Caruso S, Rugolo S, Agnello C et al. Quality of sexual life in hyperandrogenic women treated with an oral contraceptive containing chlormadinone acetate. J Sex Med 2009; 6 (12): 3376–84.
8. Curran MP, Wagstaff AJ. Ethinylestradiol/chlormadinone acetate. Drugs 2004; 64 (7): 751–60; discussion 761–2.
9. Druckmann R. Profile of the progesterone derivative chlormadinone acetate – pharmocodynamic properties and therapeutic applications. Contraception 2009; 79 (4): 272–81.
10. Heskamp ML, Schramm GA. Efficacy of the low-dose combined oral contraceptive chlormadinone acetate/ethinylestradiol: physical and emotional benefits. Contraception 2010; 81 (1): 49–56.
11. Hodgson TK, Braunstein GD. Physiological Effects of Androgens in Women. In: Androgen excess disorders in women: polycystic ovary syndrome and other disorders. Eds. R.Azziz, J.E.Nestler, D.Dewailly. Humana Press, 2nd ed., 2006; p. 49–62.
12. Jackson MC. Oral contraception in practice. J Reprod Fertil 1963; 6: 153–73.
13. Johnson KH. Are oral contraceptives (OCPs) with anti-androgenic progestins preferred over other OCPs in patients with acne? J Fam Pract 2002; 51 (1): 86.
14. Kerscher M, Reuther T, Bayrhammer J, Schramm G. Effects of an oral contraceptive containing chlormadinone and ethinylestradiol on acne-prone skin of women of different age groups: an open-label, single-centre, phase IV study. Clin Drug Investig 2008; 28 (11): 703–11.
15. Lello S, Primavera G, Colonna L et al. Effects of two estroprogestins containing ethynilestradiol 30 microg and drospirenone 3 mg and ethynilestradiol 30 microg and chlormadinone 2 mg on skin and hormonal hyperandrogenic manifestations. Gynecol Endocrinol 2008; 24 (12): 718–23.
16. Plewig G, Cunliffe WJ, Binder N, Höschen K. Efficacy of an oral contraceptive containing EE 0.03 mg and CMA 2 mg (Belara) in moderate acne resolution: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase III trial. Contraception 2009; 80 (1): 25–33.
17. Raudrant D, Rabe T. Progestogens with antiandrogenic properties. Drugs 2003; 63 (5): 463–92.
18. Sabatini R, Orsini G, Cagiano R, Loverro G. Noncontraceptive benefits of two combined oral contraceptives with antiandrogenic properties among adolescents. Contraception 2007; 76 (5): 342–7.
19. Schneider J, Kneip C, Jahnel U. Comparative effects of chlormadinone acetate and its 3alpha- and 3beta-hydroxy metabolites on progesterone, androgen and glucocorticoid receptors. Pharmacology 2009; 84 (2): 74–81.
20. Schramm G, Heckes B. Switching hormonal contraceptives to a chlormadinone acetate-containing oral contraceptive. The Contraceptive Switch Study. Contraception 2007; 76 (2): 84–90.
21. Schramm G, Steffens D. A 12-month evaluation of the CMA-containing oral contraceptive Belara: efficacy, tolerability and anti-androgenic properties. Contraception 2003; 67 (4): 305–12.
22. Schramm G, Steffens D. Contraceptive efficacy and tolerability of chlormadinone acetate 2 mg/ethinylestradiol 0.03 mg (Belara®): results of a post-marketing surveillance study. Clin Drug Invest 2002; 22 (4): 221–31.
23. Spon J, Binder N, Höschen K, Feichtinger W. Contraceptive efficacy and safety of a low-dose oral contraceptive, (0.03 mg ethinyl oestradiol and 2 mg chlormadinone acetate) Belara, over three medication cycles. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 2008; 13 (1): 39–48.
24. Terouanne B, Paris F, Servant N et al. Evidence that chlormadinone acetate exhibits antiandrogenic activity in androgen-dependent cell line. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2002; 198 (1–2): 143–7.
25. Uras R, Orrù M, Etzi R et al. Evidence that in healthy young women, a six-cycle treatment with oral contraceptive containing 30 mcg of ethinylestradiol plus 2 mg of chlormadinone acetate reduces fat mass. Contraception 2009; 79 (2): 117–21.
26. Winkler UH, Sudik R. The effects of two monophasic oral contraceptives containing 30 mcg of ethinyl estradiol and either 2 mg of chlormadinone acetate or 0.15 mg of desogestrel on lipid, hormone and metabolic parameters. Contraception 2009; 79 (1): 15–23.
27. Worret I, Arp W, Zahradnik HP et al. Acne resolution rates: results of a single-blind, randomized, controlled, parallel phase III trial with EE/CMA (Belara) and EE/LNG (Microgynon). Dermatology 2001; 203 (1): 38–44.
28. Zahradnik HP. Belara – a reliable oral contraceptive with additional benefits for health and efficacy in dysmenorrhoea. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 2005; 10 (Suppl. 1): 12–8.
29. Zahradnik HP, Goldberg J, Andreas JO. Efficacy and safety of the new antiandrogenic oral contraceptive Belara. Contraception 1998; 57 (2): 103–9.
30. Zahradnik HP, Hanjalic-Beck A. Efficacy, safety and sustainability of treatment continuation and results of an oral contraceptive containing 30 mcg ethinyl estradiol and 2 mg chlormadinone acetate, in long-term usage (up to 45 cycles) – an open-label, prospective, noncontrolled, office-based Phase III study. Contraception 2008; 77 (5): 337–43.
2. Серов В.Н. Белара – новый низкодозированный оральный контрацептив с антиандрогенным эффектом. Гинекология. 2003; 5 (5): 217–21.
3. Шилин Д.Е. Синдром гиперандрогении: современные подходы к диагностике и новые технологии терапии. Лечащий врач. 2003; 10: 36–9.
4. Шилин Д.Е. Синдром поликистозных яичников: международный диагностический консенсус (2003 г.) и современная идеология терапии. Cons. Med. 2004; 6 (9): 683–9.
5. Arowojolu AO, Gallo MF, Lopez LM et al. Combined oral contraceptive pills for treatment of acne. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009; 3: CD004425.
6. Bitzer J. Belara – proven benefits in daily practice. Eur J Contracept Reprod. Health Care 2005; 10 (Suppl. 1): 19–25.
7. Caruso S, Rugolo S, Agnello C et al. Quality of sexual life in hyperandrogenic women treated with an oral contraceptive containing chlormadinone acetate. J Sex Med 2009; 6 (12): 3376–84.
8. Curran MP, Wagstaff AJ. Ethinylestradiol/chlormadinone acetate. Drugs 2004; 64 (7): 751–60; discussion 761–2.
9. Druckmann R. Profile of the progesterone derivative chlormadinone acetate – pharmocodynamic properties and therapeutic applications. Contraception 2009; 79 (4): 272–81.
10. Heskamp ML, Schramm GA. Efficacy of the low-dose combined oral contraceptive chlormadinone acetate/ethinylestradiol: physical and emotional benefits. Contraception 2010; 81 (1): 49–56.
11. Hodgson TK, Braunstein GD. Physiological Effects of Androgens in Women. In: Androgen excess disorders in women: polycystic ovary syndrome and other disorders. Eds. R.Azziz, J.E.Nestler, D.Dewailly. Humana Press, 2nd ed., 2006; p. 49–62.
12. Jackson MC. Oral contraception in practice. J Reprod Fertil 1963; 6: 153–73.
13. Johnson KH. Are oral contraceptives (OCPs) with anti-androgenic progestins preferred over other OCPs in patients with acne? J Fam Pract 2002; 51 (1): 86.
14. Kerscher M, Reuther T, Bayrhammer J, Schramm G. Effects of an oral contraceptive containing chlormadinone and ethinylestradiol on acne-prone skin of women of different age groups: an open-label, single-centre, phase IV study. Clin Drug Investig 2008; 28 (11): 703–11.
15. Lello S, Primavera G, Colonna L et al. Effects of two estroprogestins containing ethynilestradiol 30 microg and drospirenone 3 mg and ethynilestradiol 30 microg and chlormadinone 2 mg on skin and hormonal hyperandrogenic manifestations. Gynecol Endocrinol 2008; 24 (12): 718–23.
16. Plewig G, Cunliffe WJ, Binder N, Höschen K. Efficacy of an oral contraceptive containing EE 0.03 mg and CMA 2 mg (Belara) in moderate acne resolution: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase III trial. Contraception 2009; 80 (1): 25–33.
17. Raudrant D, Rabe T. Progestogens with antiandrogenic properties. Drugs 2003; 63 (5): 463–92.
18. Sabatini R, Orsini G, Cagiano R, Loverro G. Noncontraceptive benefits of two combined oral contraceptives with antiandrogenic properties among adolescents. Contraception 2007; 76 (5): 342–7.
19. Schneider J, Kneip C, Jahnel U. Comparative effects of chlormadinone acetate and its 3alpha- and 3beta-hydroxy metabolites on progesterone, androgen and glucocorticoid receptors. Pharmacology 2009; 84 (2): 74–81.
20. Schramm G, Heckes B. Switching hormonal contraceptives to a chlormadinone acetate-containing oral contraceptive. The Contraceptive Switch Study. Contraception 2007; 76 (2): 84–90.
21. Schramm G, Steffens D. A 12-month evaluation of the CMA-containing oral contraceptive Belara: efficacy, tolerability and anti-androgenic properties. Contraception 2003; 67 (4): 305–12.
22. Schramm G, Steffens D. Contraceptive efficacy and tolerability of chlormadinone acetate 2 mg/ethinylestradiol 0.03 mg (Belara®): results of a post-marketing surveillance study. Clin Drug Invest 2002; 22 (4): 221–31.
23. Spon J, Binder N, Höschen K, Feichtinger W. Contraceptive efficacy and safety of a low-dose oral contraceptive, (0.03 mg ethinyl oestradiol and 2 mg chlormadinone acetate) Belara, over three medication cycles. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 2008; 13 (1): 39–48.
24. Terouanne B, Paris F, Servant N et al. Evidence that chlormadinone acetate exhibits antiandrogenic activity in androgen-dependent cell line. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2002; 198 (1–2): 143–7.
25. Uras R, Orrù M, Etzi R et al. Evidence that in healthy young women, a six-cycle treatment with oral contraceptive containing 30 mcg of ethinylestradiol plus 2 mg of chlormadinone acetate reduces fat mass. Contraception 2009; 79 (2): 117–21.
26. Winkler UH, Sudik R. The effects of two monophasic oral contraceptives containing 30 mcg of ethinyl estradiol and either 2 mg of chlormadinone acetate or 0.15 mg of desogestrel on lipid, hormone and metabolic parameters. Contraception 2009; 79 (1): 15–23.
27. Worret I, Arp W, Zahradnik HP et al. Acne resolution rates: results of a single-blind, randomized, controlled, parallel phase III trial with EE/CMA (Belara) and EE/LNG (Microgynon). Dermatology 2001; 203 (1): 38–44.
28. Zahradnik HP. Belara – a reliable oral contraceptive with additional benefits for health and efficacy in dysmenorrhoea. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 2005; 10 (Suppl. 1): 12–8.
29. Zahradnik HP, Goldberg J, Andreas JO. Efficacy and safety of the new antiandrogenic oral contraceptive Belara. Contraception 1998; 57 (2): 103–9.
30. Zahradnik HP, Hanjalic-Beck A. Efficacy, safety and sustainability of treatment continuation and results of an oral contraceptive containing 30 mcg ethinyl estradiol and 2 mg chlormadinone acetate, in long-term usage (up to 45 cycles) – an open-label, prospective, noncontrolled, office-based Phase III study. Contraception 2008; 77 (5): 337–43.
________________________________________________
2. Серов В.Н. Белара – новый низкодозированный оральный контрацептив с антиандрогенным эффектом. Гинекология. 2003; 5 (5): 217–21.
3. Шилин Д.Е. Синдром гиперандрогении: современные подходы к диагностике и новые технологии терапии. Лечащий врач. 2003; 10: 36–9.
4. Шилин Д.Е. Синдром поликистозных яичников: международный диагностический консенсус (2003 г.) и современная идеология терапии. Cons. Med. 2004; 6 (9): 683–9.
5. Arowojolu AO, Gallo MF, Lopez LM et al. Combined oral contraceptive pills for treatment of acne. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009; 3: CD004425.
6. Bitzer J. Belara – proven benefits in daily practice. Eur J Contracept Reprod. Health Care 2005; 10 (Suppl. 1): 19–25.
7. Caruso S, Rugolo S, Agnello C et al. Quality of sexual life in hyperandrogenic women treated with an oral contraceptive containing chlormadinone acetate. J Sex Med 2009; 6 (12): 3376–84.
8. Curran MP, Wagstaff AJ. Ethinylestradiol/chlormadinone acetate. Drugs 2004; 64 (7): 751–60; discussion 761–2.
9. Druckmann R. Profile of the progesterone derivative chlormadinone acetate – pharmocodynamic properties and therapeutic applications. Contraception 2009; 79 (4): 272–81.
10. Heskamp ML, Schramm GA. Efficacy of the low-dose combined oral contraceptive chlormadinone acetate/ethinylestradiol: physical and emotional benefits. Contraception 2010; 81 (1): 49–56.
11. Hodgson TK, Braunstein GD. Physiological Effects of Androgens in Women. In: Androgen excess disorders in women: polycystic ovary syndrome and other disorders. Eds. R.Azziz, J.E.Nestler, D.Dewailly. Humana Press, 2nd ed., 2006; p. 49–62.
12. Jackson MC. Oral contraception in practice. J Reprod Fertil 1963; 6: 153–73.
13. Johnson KH. Are oral contraceptives (OCPs) with anti-androgenic progestins preferred over other OCPs in patients with acne? J Fam Pract 2002; 51 (1): 86.
14. Kerscher M, Reuther T, Bayrhammer J, Schramm G. Effects of an oral contraceptive containing chlormadinone and ethinylestradiol on acne-prone skin of women of different age groups: an open-label, single-centre, phase IV study. Clin Drug Investig 2008; 28 (11): 703–11.
15. Lello S, Primavera G, Colonna L et al. Effects of two estroprogestins containing ethynilestradiol 30 microg and drospirenone 3 mg and ethynilestradiol 30 microg and chlormadinone 2 mg on skin and hormonal hyperandrogenic manifestations. Gynecol Endocrinol 2008; 24 (12): 718–23.
16. Plewig G, Cunliffe WJ, Binder N, Höschen K. Efficacy of an oral contraceptive containing EE 0.03 mg and CMA 2 mg (Belara) in moderate acne resolution: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase III trial. Contraception 2009; 80 (1): 25–33.
17. Raudrant D, Rabe T. Progestogens with antiandrogenic properties. Drugs 2003; 63 (5): 463–92.
18. Sabatini R, Orsini G, Cagiano R, Loverro G. Noncontraceptive benefits of two combined oral contraceptives with antiandrogenic properties among adolescents. Contraception 2007; 76 (5): 342–7.
19. Schneider J, Kneip C, Jahnel U. Comparative effects of chlormadinone acetate and its 3alpha- and 3beta-hydroxy metabolites on progesterone, androgen and glucocorticoid receptors. Pharmacology 2009; 84 (2): 74–81.
20. Schramm G, Heckes B. Switching hormonal contraceptives to a chlormadinone acetate-containing oral contraceptive. The Contraceptive Switch Study. Contraception 2007; 76 (2): 84–90.
21. Schramm G, Steffens D. A 12-month evaluation of the CMA-containing oral contraceptive Belara: efficacy, tolerability and anti-androgenic properties. Contraception 2003; 67 (4): 305–12.
22. Schramm G, Steffens D. Contraceptive efficacy and tolerability of chlormadinone acetate 2 mg/ethinylestradiol 0.03 mg (Belara®): results of a post-marketing surveillance study. Clin Drug Invest 2002; 22 (4): 221–31.
23. Spon J, Binder N, Höschen K, Feichtinger W. Contraceptive efficacy and safety of a low-dose oral contraceptive, (0.03 mg ethinyl oestradiol and 2 mg chlormadinone acetate) Belara, over three medication cycles. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 2008; 13 (1): 39–48.
24. Terouanne B, Paris F, Servant N et al. Evidence that chlormadinone acetate exhibits antiandrogenic activity in androgen-dependent cell line. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2002; 198 (1–2): 143–7.
25. Uras R, Orrù M, Etzi R et al. Evidence that in healthy young women, a six-cycle treatment with oral contraceptive containing 30 mcg of ethinylestradiol plus 2 mg of chlormadinone acetate reduces fat mass. Contraception 2009; 79 (2): 117–21.
26. Winkler UH, Sudik R. The effects of two monophasic oral contraceptives containing 30 mcg of ethinyl estradiol and either 2 mg of chlormadinone acetate or 0.15 mg of desogestrel on lipid, hormone and metabolic parameters. Contraception 2009; 79 (1): 15–23.
27. Worret I, Arp W, Zahradnik HP et al. Acne resolution rates: results of a single-blind, randomized, controlled, parallel phase III trial with EE/CMA (Belara) and EE/LNG (Microgynon). Dermatology 2001; 203 (1): 38–44.
28. Zahradnik HP. Belara – a reliable oral contraceptive with additional benefits for health and efficacy in dysmenorrhoea. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 2005; 10 (Suppl. 1): 12–8.
29. Zahradnik HP, Goldberg J, Andreas JO. Efficacy and safety of the new antiandrogenic oral contraceptive Belara. Contraception 1998; 57 (2): 103–9.
30. Zahradnik HP, Hanjalic-Beck A. Efficacy, safety and sustainability of treatment continuation and results of an oral contraceptive containing 30 mcg ethinyl estradiol and 2 mg chlormadinone acetate, in long-term usage (up to 45 cycles) – an open-label, prospective, noncontrolled, office-based Phase III study. Contraception 2008; 77 (5): 337–43.
Авторы
Д.Е.Шилин
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