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Патогенез, значение и профилактика перитонеальных спаек в оперативной гинекологии
Патогенез, значение и профилактика перитонеальных спаек в оперативной гинекологии
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Аннотация
Послеоперационные спайки – важное осложнение абдоминальной хирургии. Большинство стратегий по их предупреждению в оперативной гинекологии сфокусировано на оптимизации использования хирургической техники противоспаечных барьеров, которые делятся на 2 категории – фармакологические агенты и барьеры. Хирургическая техника, которая минимизирует перитонеальную травму, может уменьшить, но не предотвратить формирование послеоперационных спаек. Различные местные и системные лекарства могут уменьшить локальный воспалительный ответ, подавить коагуляционный каскад и способствовать фибринолизу. Барьеры общепринято рассматриваются как наиболее успешные помощники, способные редуцировать развитие спаек. Они разъединяют травмированные поверхности в период заживления. Существует ограниченное количество рандомизированных клинических испытаний, подтверждающих эффект большинства этих агентов в предотвращении интраперитонеальных адгезий после гинекологических операций. Тем не менее нельзя сделать окончательные выводы, и будущие исследования в этой области оправданы.
Ключевые слова: спайки, патогенез, барьеры, гинекология, лапароскопия, предупреждение.
Key words: adhesions, pathogenesis, barrier agents, gynaecology, laparoscopy, prevention.
Ключевые слова: спайки, патогенез, барьеры, гинекология, лапароскопия, предупреждение.
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Key words: adhesions, pathogenesis, barrier agents, gynaecology, laparoscopy, prevention.
Полный текст
Список литературы
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2. Parker MC, Ellis H, Moran BJ et al. Postoperative adhesions: Ten-year follow-up of 12,584 patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery. Dis Colon Rectum 2001; 44: 822–30.
3. Баранов Г.А., Карбовский М.Ю. Хирургия. 2006; 37: 56–9.
4. Gonzalez-Quintero V, Cruz-Pachano F. Preventing adhesions in obstetric and gynecologic surgical procedures. Rev Obstet Gynecol 2009; 2: 38–45.
5. Van der Wal JB, Jeekel J. The use of Statins in postoperative adhesion prevention. Ann Surg 2007; 245 (2): 185–6.
6. Wisemann DM. Disorders of adhesions or adhesion-related disorder: monolithic entities or part of something bigger – CAPPS? Semin Reprod Med 2008; 26: 356–68.
7. Menzies D, Hildago Pascual M et al. Use of icodextrin 4% solution in the prevention of adhesion formation following general surgery: from the multicentre ARIEL registry. Ann Roy Coll Surg Engl 2006; 88: 375–82.
8. Gutt C, Oniu T, Schemmer P et al. Fewer adhesions induced by laparoscopic surgery. Surg Endosc 2004; 18 (6): 898–906.
9. Rizzo A, Spedicato M, Mutinati M et al. Peritoneal adhesions in human and veterinary medicine: from pathogenesis to therapy. A review. Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology 2010; 32 (3): 481–94.
10. Alpay Z, Saed GM, Diamond MP. Postoperative adhesions: from formation to prevention. Semin Reprod Med 2008; 26: 313–21.
11. Irkorucu O, Ferahkose Z, Memis L et al. Reduction of post-surgical adhesions in a rat model: a comparative study. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2009; 64: 143–8.
12. Oboh A, Trehan AK. Pelvic adhesion formation at second look surgery after laparoscopic partial and total peritoneal excision for women with endometriosis. Gynecol Surg 2007, 4: 261–5.
13. Lower AM, Hawthorn RJ, Ellis H et al. The impact of adhesions on hospital readmissions over ten years after 8849 open gynaecological operations: an assessment from the Surgical and Clinical Adhesions Research Study. BJOG 2000; 107: 855–62.
14. Fletcher NM, Jiang ZL, Diamond M et al. Hypoxia-generated superoxide induces the development of the adhesion phenotype. Free Radic Biol Med 2008; 45 (4): 530–6.
15. DiZerega GS. Biochemical events in peritoneal tissue repair. Eur J Surg Suppl 1997; 577: 10–6.
16. Diamond MP, El-Mowafi DM. Pelvic adhesions. Surg Technol Int 1998; 7: 273–83.
17. DiZerega GS. Peritoneum, peritoneal healing and adhesion formation. In: DiZerega GS (ed.) Peritoneal Surgery. New York: Springer, Berlin Heidelbergh, 2006; p. 3–38.
18. Boland GM, Weigel RJ. Formation and prevention of postoperative abdominal adhesions. J Surg Res 2006; 132: 3–12.
19. Koninckx PR, Molinas R, Binda MM. Профилактика послеоперационных спаек. Проблемы репродукции 2009; 3: 26–33.
20. Ordemann J, Jakob J, Braumann C et al. Morphology of the rat peritoneum after carbon dioxide and helium pneumoperitoneum: a scanning electron microscopic study. Surg Endosc 2004; 18: 1389–93.
21. Suematsu T, Hirabayashi Y, Shiraishi N et al. Morphology of the murine peritoneum after pneumoperitoneum vs laparotomy. Surg Endosc 2001; 15: 954–8.
22. Molinas CR, Binda MM, Koninckx PR. Angiogenic factors in peritoneal adhesion formation. Gynecol Surg 2006, 3: 157–67.
23. Бурлев В.А., Дубинская Е.Д., Гаспаров А.С. Перитонеальные спайки: от патогенеза до профилактики. Проблемы репродукции 2009; 3: 36–44.
24. Гринберг М.И., Лоэрсон Н.Х. Послеоперационные спайки: этиология и патогенез. Под ред. Д.В.Рейньяка, Н.Х. Лоэрсена. Пер.с англ. М., 1986; с. 185–96.
25. Hertzler AE. Peritoneum 1919; 1: 264–5.
26. Mutsaers SE, Prêle CM, Lansley SM, Herrick SE. The origin of regenerating mesothelium: a historical perspective. Int J Artif Organs 2007; 30 (6): 484–94.
27. Kamel RM. Prevention of postoperative peritoneal adhesions. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2010; 150: 111–8.
28. Pados G, Venetis CA, Almaloglou K, Tarlatzis BC. Prevention of intra-peritoneal adhesions in gynaecological surgery: theory and evidence. Reprod BioMed Online 2010; 21: 290–303.
29. Tulandi T, Chen MF, Al-Took S, Watkin K. A study of nerve fibers and histopathology of postsurgical, postinfectious, and endometriosis-related adhesions. Obstet Gynecol 1998; 92: 766–8.
30. Chegini N, Rossi MJ, Holmdahl L. Cellular distribution of 5-lipoxygenase and leukotriene receptors in postsurgical peritoneal wound repair. Wound Repair Regen 1997; 5: 235–42.
31. Mueller POE. Advances in prevention and treatment of intra-abdominal adhesions in horses. Clin Tech Equine Pract 2002; 1: 163–73.
32. DeWilde R, Trew GB. Postoperative abdominal adhesions and their prevention in gynaecological surgery. Expert concensus potion. Gynecol Surg 2007; 4: 161–8.
33. Shavell V, Saed G, Diamond M. Review: cellular metabolism: contribution to postoperative adhesion development. Reprod Sci 2009; 16: 627–34.
34. Murphy G, Atkinson S, Ward R et al. The role of plasminogen activators in the regulation of connective tissue metalloproteinases. Ann NY Acad Sci 1992; 667: 1–12.
35. Alpay Z, Saed GM, Diamond MP. Female infertility and free radicals: potential role in adhesions and endometriosis. J Soc Gynecol Investig 2006; 13: 390–8.
36. Saed GM, Jiang Z, Diamond MP, Abu-Soud HM. The role of myeloperoxidase in the pathogenesis of postoperative adhesions. Wound Rep Reg 2009; 17: 531–9.
37. Harold E. The Etiology of Post-operative Adhesions. Proc R Soc Med 1962; 55 (7): 599–600.
38. Saed GM, Diamond MP. Molecular characterization of postoperative adhesions: the adhesion phenotype. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 2004; 11: 307–14.
39. Basoglu M, Kiziltunc A, Akcay F et al. Tumor necrosis factor-a and interleukin-6 in peritoneal adhesion formation. Tr J Med Sci 1998; 28: 253–8.
40. Tietze L, Elbrecht A, Schauerte C et al. Modulation of pro- and antifibrinolytic properties of human peritoneal mesothelial cells by transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta). Thromb Haemost 1998, 79: 362–70.
41. Sutton C. Adhesions and their prevention. Obstet Gynaecol 2005; 7: 168–76.
42. DiZerega G, Tulandi T. Prevention of intra-abdominal adhesions in gynaecological surgery. Reprod Biomed Online 2008; 17: 303–6.
42. Ten Raa S, van den Tol MP, Sluiter W et al. The role of neutrophils and oxygen free radicals in post-operative adhesions. J Surg Res 2006; 136: 45–52.
43. De la Portilla F, Ynfante I, Bejarano D et al. Prevention of peritoneal adhesions by intraperitoneal administration of vitamin E: an experimental study in rats. Dis Colon Rectum 2005; 47: 2157–61.
44. Jiang ZL, Zhu X, Diamond MP et al. Nitric oxide synthase isoforms expression in fibroblasts isolated from human normal peritoneum and adhesion tissues. Fertility and Sterilitya 2008; 90 (3): 769–74.
45. Saed GM, Zhao M, Diamond MP, Abu-Soud HM. Regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase in post-operative adhesions. Hum Reprod 2006; 21: 1605–11.
46. Saed GM, Diamond MP. Apoptosis and proliferation of human peritoneal fibroblasts in response to hypoxia. Fertil Steril 2002; 78: 137–43.
47. Aarons C, Cohen P, Gower A et al. Statins (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors) decrease postoperative adhesions by increasing peritoneal fibrinolytic activity. Ann Surg 2007; 245: 176–84.
48. Thomas JW, Greene JWJ, Rhoads JE. An experimental study of factors affecting the development and persistence of intraperitoneal adhesions. Surg Forum 1950; 125–8.
49. Gleadle JM, Ratcliffe PJ. Hypoxia and the regulation of gene expression. Mol Med Today 1998; 4: 122–9.
50. Luttun A, Tjwa M, Moons L et al. Revascularization of ischemic tissues by PlGF treatment, and inhibition of tumor angiogenesis, arthritis and atherosclerosis by anti-Flt1. Nat Med 2002; 8: 831–40.
51. Rout UK, Oommen K, Diamond MP. Altered expressions of VEGF mRNA splice variants during progression of uterine-peritoneal adhesions in the rat. Am J Reprod Immunol 2000; 43 (5): 299–304.
52. Diamond MP. An Overview of Postoperative Healing and Adhesion Development. Infert Reprod Med Clin N Am 2003; 14: 387–90.
53. Wallwiener M, Brucker S, Hierlemann H et al. Innovative barriers for peritonealadhesion prevention: liquid or solid? A rat uterine horn model. Fertil Steril 2006; 86: 1266–76.
54. Mage G, Pouly JL, Bouquet de Joliniere J et al. Apreoperative classification to predict the intrauterine and ectopic pregnancy rates after distal tubal microsurgery. Fertil Steril 1986; 46 (5): 807–10.
2. Parker MC, Ellis H, Moran BJ et al. Postoperative adhesions: Ten-year follow-up of 12,584 patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery. Dis Colon Rectum 2001; 44: 822–30.
3. Баранов Г.А., Карбовский М.Ю. Хирургия. 2006; 37: 56–9.
4. Gonzalez-Quintero V, Cruz-Pachano F. Preventing adhesions in obstetric and gynecologic surgical procedures. Rev Obstet Gynecol 2009; 2: 38–45.
5. Van der Wal JB, Jeekel J. The use of Statins in postoperative adhesion prevention. Ann Surg 2007; 245 (2): 185–6.
6. Wisemann DM. Disorders of adhesions or adhesion-related disorder: monolithic entities or part of something bigger – CAPPS? Semin Reprod Med 2008; 26: 356–68.
7. Menzies D, Hildago Pascual M et al. Use of icodextrin 4% solution in the prevention of adhesion formation following general surgery: from the multicentre ARIEL registry. Ann Roy Coll Surg Engl 2006; 88: 375–82.
8. Gutt C, Oniu T, Schemmer P et al. Fewer adhesions induced by laparoscopic surgery. Surg Endosc 2004; 18 (6): 898–906.
9. Rizzo A, Spedicato M, Mutinati M et al. Peritoneal adhesions in human and veterinary medicine: from pathogenesis to therapy. A review. Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology 2010; 32 (3): 481–94.
10. Alpay Z, Saed GM, Diamond MP. Postoperative adhesions: from formation to prevention. Semin Reprod Med 2008; 26: 313–21.
11. Irkorucu O, Ferahkose Z, Memis L et al. Reduction of post-surgical adhesions in a rat model: a comparative study. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2009; 64: 143–8.
12. Oboh A, Trehan AK. Pelvic adhesion formation at second look surgery after laparoscopic partial and total peritoneal excision for women with endometriosis. Gynecol Surg 2007, 4: 261–5.
13. Lower AM, Hawthorn RJ, Ellis H et al. The impact of adhesions on hospital readmissions over ten years after 8849 open gynaecological operations: an assessment from the Surgical and Clinical Adhesions Research Study. BJOG 2000; 107: 855–62.
14. Fletcher NM, Jiang ZL, Diamond M et al. Hypoxia-generated superoxide induces the development of the adhesion phenotype. Free Radic Biol Med 2008; 45 (4): 530–6.
15. DiZerega GS. Biochemical events in peritoneal tissue repair. Eur J Surg Suppl 1997; 577: 10–6.
16. Diamond MP, El-Mowafi DM. Pelvic adhesions. Surg Technol Int 1998; 7: 273–83.
17. DiZerega GS. Peritoneum, peritoneal healing and adhesion formation. In: DiZerega GS (ed.) Peritoneal Surgery. New York: Springer, Berlin Heidelbergh, 2006; p. 3–38.
18. Boland GM, Weigel RJ. Formation and prevention of postoperative abdominal adhesions. J Surg Res 2006; 132: 3–12.
19. Koninckx PR, Molinas R, Binda MM. Профилактика послеоперационных спаек. Проблемы репродукции 2009; 3: 26–33.
20. Ordemann J, Jakob J, Braumann C et al. Morphology of the rat peritoneum after carbon dioxide and helium pneumoperitoneum: a scanning electron microscopic study. Surg Endosc 2004; 18: 1389–93.
21. Suematsu T, Hirabayashi Y, Shiraishi N et al. Morphology of the murine peritoneum after pneumoperitoneum vs laparotomy. Surg Endosc 2001; 15: 954–8.
22. Molinas CR, Binda MM, Koninckx PR. Angiogenic factors in peritoneal adhesion formation. Gynecol Surg 2006, 3: 157–67.
23. Бурлев В.А., Дубинская Е.Д., Гаспаров А.С. Перитонеальные спайки: от патогенеза до профилактики. Проблемы репродукции 2009; 3: 36–44.
24. Гринберг М.И., Лоэрсон Н.Х. Послеоперационные спайки: этиология и патогенез. Под ред. Д.В.Рейньяка, Н.Х. Лоэрсена. Пер.с англ. М., 1986; с. 185–96.
25. Hertzler AE. Peritoneum 1919; 1: 264–5.
26. Mutsaers SE, Prêle CM, Lansley SM, Herrick SE. The origin of regenerating mesothelium: a historical perspective. Int J Artif Organs 2007; 30 (6): 484–94.
27. Kamel RM. Prevention of postoperative peritoneal adhesions. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2010; 150: 111–8.
28. Pados G, Venetis CA, Almaloglou K, Tarlatzis BC. Prevention of intra-peritoneal adhesions in gynaecological surgery: theory and evidence. Reprod BioMed Online 2010; 21: 290–303.
29. Tulandi T, Chen MF, Al-Took S, Watkin K. A study of nerve fibers and histopathology of postsurgical, postinfectious, and endometriosis-related adhesions. Obstet Gynecol 1998; 92: 766–8.
30. Chegini N, Rossi MJ, Holmdahl L. Cellular distribution of 5-lipoxygenase and leukotriene receptors in postsurgical peritoneal wound repair. Wound Repair Regen 1997; 5: 235–42.
31. Mueller POE. Advances in prevention and treatment of intra-abdominal adhesions in horses. Clin Tech Equine Pract 2002; 1: 163–73.
32. DeWilde R, Trew GB. Postoperative abdominal adhesions and their prevention in gynaecological surgery. Expert concensus potion. Gynecol Surg 2007; 4: 161–8.
33. Shavell V, Saed G, Diamond M. Review: cellular metabolism: contribution to postoperative adhesion development. Reprod Sci 2009; 16: 627–34.
34. Murphy G, Atkinson S, Ward R et al. The role of plasminogen activators in the regulation of connective tissue metalloproteinases. Ann NY Acad Sci 1992; 667: 1–12.
35. Alpay Z, Saed GM, Diamond MP. Female infertility and free radicals: potential role in adhesions and endometriosis. J Soc Gynecol Investig 2006; 13: 390–8.
36. Saed GM, Jiang Z, Diamond MP, Abu-Soud HM. The role of myeloperoxidase in the pathogenesis of postoperative adhesions. Wound Rep Reg 2009; 17: 531–9.
37. Harold E. The Etiology of Post-operative Adhesions. Proc R Soc Med 1962; 55 (7): 599–600.
38. Saed GM, Diamond MP. Molecular characterization of postoperative adhesions: the adhesion phenotype. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 2004; 11: 307–14.
39. Basoglu M, Kiziltunc A, Akcay F et al. Tumor necrosis factor-a and interleukin-6 in peritoneal adhesion formation. Tr J Med Sci 1998; 28: 253–8.
40. Tietze L, Elbrecht A, Schauerte C et al. Modulation of pro- and antifibrinolytic properties of human peritoneal mesothelial cells by transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta). Thromb Haemost 1998, 79: 362–70.
41. Sutton C. Adhesions and their prevention. Obstet Gynaecol 2005; 7: 168–76.
42. DiZerega G, Tulandi T. Prevention of intra-abdominal adhesions in gynaecological surgery. Reprod Biomed Online 2008; 17: 303–6.
42. Ten Raa S, van den Tol MP, Sluiter W et al. The role of neutrophils and oxygen free radicals in post-operative adhesions. J Surg Res 2006; 136: 45–52.
43. De la Portilla F, Ynfante I, Bejarano D et al. Prevention of peritoneal adhesions by intraperitoneal administration of vitamin E: an experimental study in rats. Dis Colon Rectum 2005; 47: 2157–61.
44. Jiang ZL, Zhu X, Diamond MP et al. Nitric oxide synthase isoforms expression in fibroblasts isolated from human normal peritoneum and adhesion tissues. Fertility and Sterilitya 2008; 90 (3): 769–74.
45. Saed GM, Zhao M, Diamond MP, Abu-Soud HM. Regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase in post-operative adhesions. Hum Reprod 2006; 21: 1605–11.
46. Saed GM, Diamond MP. Apoptosis and proliferation of human peritoneal fibroblasts in response to hypoxia. Fertil Steril 2002; 78: 137–43.
47. Aarons C, Cohen P, Gower A et al. Statins (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors) decrease postoperative adhesions by increasing peritoneal fibrinolytic activity. Ann Surg 2007; 245: 176–84.
48. Thomas JW, Greene JWJ, Rhoads JE. An experimental study of factors affecting the development and persistence of intraperitoneal adhesions. Surg Forum 1950; 125–8.
49. Gleadle JM, Ratcliffe PJ. Hypoxia and the regulation of gene expression. Mol Med Today 1998; 4: 122–9.
50. Luttun A, Tjwa M, Moons L et al. Revascularization of ischemic tissues by PlGF treatment, and inhibition of tumor angiogenesis, arthritis and atherosclerosis by anti-Flt1. Nat Med 2002; 8: 831–40.
51. Rout UK, Oommen K, Diamond MP. Altered expressions of VEGF mRNA splice variants during progression of uterine-peritoneal adhesions in the rat. Am J Reprod Immunol 2000; 43 (5): 299–304.
52. Diamond MP. An Overview of Postoperative Healing and Adhesion Development. Infert Reprod Med Clin N Am 2003; 14: 387–90.
53. Wallwiener M, Brucker S, Hierlemann H et al. Innovative barriers for peritonealadhesion prevention: liquid or solid? A rat uterine horn model. Fertil Steril 2006; 86: 1266–76.
54. Mage G, Pouly JL, Bouquet de Joliniere J et al. Apreoperative classification to predict the intrauterine and ectopic pregnancy rates after distal tubal microsurgery. Fertil Steril 1986; 46 (5): 807–10.
2. Parker MC, Ellis H, Moran BJ et al. Postoperative adhesions: Ten-year follow-up of 12,584 patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery. Dis Colon Rectum 2001; 44: 822–30.
3. Баранов Г.А., Карбовский М.Ю. Хирургия. 2006; 37: 56–9.
4. Gonzalez-Quintero V, Cruz-Pachano F. Preventing adhesions in obstetric and gynecologic surgical procedures. Rev Obstet Gynecol 2009; 2: 38–45.
5. Van der Wal JB, Jeekel J. The use of Statins in postoperative adhesion prevention. Ann Surg 2007; 245 (2): 185–6.
6. Wisemann DM. Disorders of adhesions or adhesion-related disorder: monolithic entities or part of something bigger – CAPPS? Semin Reprod Med 2008; 26: 356–68.
7. Menzies D, Hildago Pascual M et al. Use of icodextrin 4% solution in the prevention of adhesion formation following general surgery: from the multicentre ARIEL registry. Ann Roy Coll Surg Engl 2006; 88: 375–82.
8. Gutt C, Oniu T, Schemmer P et al. Fewer adhesions induced by laparoscopic surgery. Surg Endosc 2004; 18 (6): 898–906.
9. Rizzo A, Spedicato M, Mutinati M et al. Peritoneal adhesions in human and veterinary medicine: from pathogenesis to therapy. A review. Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology 2010; 32 (3): 481–94.
10. Alpay Z, Saed GM, Diamond MP. Postoperative adhesions: from formation to prevention. Semin Reprod Med 2008; 26: 313–21.
11. Irkorucu O, Ferahkose Z, Memis L et al. Reduction of post-surgical adhesions in a rat model: a comparative study. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2009; 64: 143–8.
12. Oboh A, Trehan AK. Pelvic adhesion formation at second look surgery after laparoscopic partial and total peritoneal excision for women with endometriosis. Gynecol Surg 2007, 4: 261–5.
13. Lower AM, Hawthorn RJ, Ellis H et al. The impact of adhesions on hospital readmissions over ten years after 8849 open gynaecological operations: an assessment from the Surgical and Clinical Adhesions Research Study. BJOG 2000; 107: 855–62.
14. Fletcher NM, Jiang ZL, Diamond M et al. Hypoxia-generated superoxide induces the development of the adhesion phenotype. Free Radic Biol Med 2008; 45 (4): 530–6.
15. DiZerega GS. Biochemical events in peritoneal tissue repair. Eur J Surg Suppl 1997; 577: 10–6.
16. Diamond MP, El-Mowafi DM. Pelvic adhesions. Surg Technol Int 1998; 7: 273–83.
17. DiZerega GS. Peritoneum, peritoneal healing and adhesion formation. In: DiZerega GS (ed.) Peritoneal Surgery. New York: Springer, Berlin Heidelbergh, 2006; p. 3–38.
18. Boland GM, Weigel RJ. Formation and prevention of postoperative abdominal adhesions. J Surg Res 2006; 132: 3–12.
19. Koninckx PR, Molinas R, Binda MM. Профилактика послеоперационных спаек. Проблемы репродукции 2009; 3: 26–33.
20. Ordemann J, Jakob J, Braumann C et al. Morphology of the rat peritoneum after carbon dioxide and helium pneumoperitoneum: a scanning electron microscopic study. Surg Endosc 2004; 18: 1389–93.
21. Suematsu T, Hirabayashi Y, Shiraishi N et al. Morphology of the murine peritoneum after pneumoperitoneum vs laparotomy. Surg Endosc 2001; 15: 954–8.
22. Molinas CR, Binda MM, Koninckx PR. Angiogenic factors in peritoneal adhesion formation. Gynecol Surg 2006, 3: 157–67.
23. Бурлев В.А., Дубинская Е.Д., Гаспаров А.С. Перитонеальные спайки: от патогенеза до профилактики. Проблемы репродукции 2009; 3: 36–44.
24. Гринберг М.И., Лоэрсон Н.Х. Послеоперационные спайки: этиология и патогенез. Под ред. Д.В.Рейньяка, Н.Х. Лоэрсена. Пер.с англ. М., 1986; с. 185–96.
25. Hertzler AE. Peritoneum 1919; 1: 264–5.
26. Mutsaers SE, Prêle CM, Lansley SM, Herrick SE. The origin of regenerating mesothelium: a historical perspective. Int J Artif Organs 2007; 30 (6): 484–94.
27. Kamel RM. Prevention of postoperative peritoneal adhesions. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2010; 150: 111–8.
28. Pados G, Venetis CA, Almaloglou K, Tarlatzis BC. Prevention of intra-peritoneal adhesions in gynaecological surgery: theory and evidence. Reprod BioMed Online 2010; 21: 290–303.
29. Tulandi T, Chen MF, Al-Took S, Watkin K. A study of nerve fibers and histopathology of postsurgical, postinfectious, and endometriosis-related adhesions. Obstet Gynecol 1998; 92: 766–8.
30. Chegini N, Rossi MJ, Holmdahl L. Cellular distribution of 5-lipoxygenase and leukotriene receptors in postsurgical peritoneal wound repair. Wound Repair Regen 1997; 5: 235–42.
31. Mueller POE. Advances in prevention and treatment of intra-abdominal adhesions in horses. Clin Tech Equine Pract 2002; 1: 163–73.
32. DeWilde R, Trew GB. Postoperative abdominal adhesions and their prevention in gynaecological surgery. Expert concensus potion. Gynecol Surg 2007; 4: 161–8.
33. Shavell V, Saed G, Diamond M. Review: cellular metabolism: contribution to postoperative adhesion development. Reprod Sci 2009; 16: 627–34.
34. Murphy G, Atkinson S, Ward R et al. The role of plasminogen activators in the regulation of connective tissue metalloproteinases. Ann NY Acad Sci 1992; 667: 1–12.
35. Alpay Z, Saed GM, Diamond MP. Female infertility and free radicals: potential role in adhesions and endometriosis. J Soc Gynecol Investig 2006; 13: 390–8.
36. Saed GM, Jiang Z, Diamond MP, Abu-Soud HM. The role of myeloperoxidase in the pathogenesis of postoperative adhesions. Wound Rep Reg 2009; 17: 531–9.
37. Harold E. The Etiology of Post-operative Adhesions. Proc R Soc Med 1962; 55 (7): 599–600.
38. Saed GM, Diamond MP. Molecular characterization of postoperative adhesions: the adhesion phenotype. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 2004; 11: 307–14.
39. Basoglu M, Kiziltunc A, Akcay F et al. Tumor necrosis factor-a and interleukin-6 in peritoneal adhesion formation. Tr J Med Sci 1998; 28: 253–8.
40. Tietze L, Elbrecht A, Schauerte C et al. Modulation of pro- and antifibrinolytic properties of human peritoneal mesothelial cells by transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta). Thromb Haemost 1998, 79: 362–70.
41. Sutton C. Adhesions and their prevention. Obstet Gynaecol 2005; 7: 168–76.
42. DiZerega G, Tulandi T. Prevention of intra-abdominal adhesions in gynaecological surgery. Reprod Biomed Online 2008; 17: 303–6.
42. Ten Raa S, van den Tol MP, Sluiter W et al. The role of neutrophils and oxygen free radicals in post-operative adhesions. J Surg Res 2006; 136: 45–52.
43. De la Portilla F, Ynfante I, Bejarano D et al. Prevention of peritoneal adhesions by intraperitoneal administration of vitamin E: an experimental study in rats. Dis Colon Rectum 2005; 47: 2157–61.
44. Jiang ZL, Zhu X, Diamond MP et al. Nitric oxide synthase isoforms expression in fibroblasts isolated from human normal peritoneum and adhesion tissues. Fertility and Sterilitya 2008; 90 (3): 769–74.
45. Saed GM, Zhao M, Diamond MP, Abu-Soud HM. Regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase in post-operative adhesions. Hum Reprod 2006; 21: 1605–11.
46. Saed GM, Diamond MP. Apoptosis and proliferation of human peritoneal fibroblasts in response to hypoxia. Fertil Steril 2002; 78: 137–43.
47. Aarons C, Cohen P, Gower A et al. Statins (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors) decrease postoperative adhesions by increasing peritoneal fibrinolytic activity. Ann Surg 2007; 245: 176–84.
48. Thomas JW, Greene JWJ, Rhoads JE. An experimental study of factors affecting the development and persistence of intraperitoneal adhesions. Surg Forum 1950; 125–8.
49. Gleadle JM, Ratcliffe PJ. Hypoxia and the regulation of gene expression. Mol Med Today 1998; 4: 122–9.
50. Luttun A, Tjwa M, Moons L et al. Revascularization of ischemic tissues by PlGF treatment, and inhibition of tumor angiogenesis, arthritis and atherosclerosis by anti-Flt1. Nat Med 2002; 8: 831–40.
51. Rout UK, Oommen K, Diamond MP. Altered expressions of VEGF mRNA splice variants during progression of uterine-peritoneal adhesions in the rat. Am J Reprod Immunol 2000; 43 (5): 299–304.
52. Diamond MP. An Overview of Postoperative Healing and Adhesion Development. Infert Reprod Med Clin N Am 2003; 14: 387–90.
53. Wallwiener M, Brucker S, Hierlemann H et al. Innovative barriers for peritonealadhesion prevention: liquid or solid? A rat uterine horn model. Fertil Steril 2006; 86: 1266–76.
54. Mage G, Pouly JL, Bouquet de Joliniere J et al. Apreoperative classification to predict the intrauterine and ectopic pregnancy rates after distal tubal microsurgery. Fertil Steril 1986; 46 (5): 807–10.
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43. De la Portilla F, Ynfante I, Bejarano D et al. Prevention of peritoneal adhesions by intraperitoneal administration of vitamin E: an experimental study in rats. Dis Colon Rectum 2005; 47: 2157–61.
44. Jiang ZL, Zhu X, Diamond MP et al. Nitric oxide synthase isoforms expression in fibroblasts isolated from human normal peritoneum and adhesion tissues. Fertility and Sterilitya 2008; 90 (3): 769–74.
45. Saed GM, Zhao M, Diamond MP, Abu-Soud HM. Regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase in post-operative adhesions. Hum Reprod 2006; 21: 1605–11.
46. Saed GM, Diamond MP. Apoptosis and proliferation of human peritoneal fibroblasts in response to hypoxia. Fertil Steril 2002; 78: 137–43.
47. Aarons C, Cohen P, Gower A et al. Statins (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors) decrease postoperative adhesions by increasing peritoneal fibrinolytic activity. Ann Surg 2007; 245: 176–84.
48. Thomas JW, Greene JWJ, Rhoads JE. An experimental study of factors affecting the development and persistence of intraperitoneal adhesions. Surg Forum 1950; 125–8.
49. Gleadle JM, Ratcliffe PJ. Hypoxia and the regulation of gene expression. Mol Med Today 1998; 4: 122–9.
50. Luttun A, Tjwa M, Moons L et al. Revascularization of ischemic tissues by PlGF treatment, and inhibition of tumor angiogenesis, arthritis and atherosclerosis by anti-Flt1. Nat Med 2002; 8: 831–40.
51. Rout UK, Oommen K, Diamond MP. Altered expressions of VEGF mRNA splice variants during progression of uterine-peritoneal adhesions in the rat. Am J Reprod Immunol 2000; 43 (5): 299–304.
52. Diamond MP. An Overview of Postoperative Healing and Adhesion Development. Infert Reprod Med Clin N Am 2003; 14: 387–90.
53. Wallwiener M, Brucker S, Hierlemann H et al. Innovative barriers for peritonealadhesion prevention: liquid or solid? A rat uterine horn model. Fertil Steril 2006; 86: 1266–76.
54. Mage G, Pouly JL, Bouquet de Joliniere J et al. Apreoperative classification to predict the intrauterine and ectopic pregnancy rates after distal tubal microsurgery. Fertil Steril 1986; 46 (5): 807–10.
Авторы
С.О.Дубровина
ФГБУ Ростовский научно-исследовательский институт акушерства и педиатрии Минздравсоцразвития РФ;
ГОУ ВПО Ростовский государственный медицинский университет
ФГБУ Ростовский научно-исследовательский институт акушерства и педиатрии Минздравсоцразвития РФ;
ГОУ ВПО Ростовский государственный медицинский университет
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