1. Губергриц Н.Б., Бен Хмида Макрем Бен Мекк. Билиарный сладж: констатировать или лечить? Сучасна гастроентерологiя. 2005; 4 (24): 9–19.
2. Герок В., Блюм Х.Е. Заболевания печени и желчевыделительной системы. Пер. с нем. Под общ. ред. акад. РАМН В.Т.Ивашкина, проф. А.А.Шептулина, М.: МЕДпресс-информ, 2009.
3. Иванченкова Р.А. Хронические заболевания желчевыводящих путей. М.: Атмосфера, 2006.
4. Иванченкова Р.А., Атькова Е.Р. Консервативная терапия хронических заболеваний желчного пузыря (желчнокаменной болезни и холестероза желчного пузыря). Практическое руководство для врачей. М., 2011.
5. Ильченко А.А. Классификация желчнокаменной болезни. Терапевт. арх. 2004; 2: 75–9.
6. Ильченко А.А. Современный взгляд на проблему билиарного сладжа. Рус. мед. журн. Болезни органов пищеварения. 2010; 28: 1707–12.
7. Лейшнер У. Практическое руководство по заболеваниям желчных путей. М.: ГЕОТАР-МЕД, 2001.
8. Успенская Ю.Б. Состояние желчевыводящих путей у беременных. Материалы научно-практической конференции «Актуальные вопросы гастроэнтерологии. Василенковские чтения». 2010; с. 101.
9. Acalovschi M. Cholesterol gallstones: from epidemiology to prevention Postgrad Med J 2001; 77: 221–9.
10. Archer JS, Archer DF. Oral contraceptive efficacy and antibiotic interaction: a myth debunked. J Am Acad Dermatol 2002; 46: 917–23.
11. Baisini O, Benini R, Petraglia F et al. Ursodeoxycholic acid does not affect ethinylestradiol bioavailability in women taking oral contraceptives. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2004; 60: 481–7.
12. Barbara L, Sama C, Morselli Labate AM et al. A population study on the prevalence of gallstone disease: the Sirmione study. Hepatology 1987; 7: 913–7.
13. Basdevant A. Steroids and lipid metabolism: Mechanism of action. Int J Fertil 1992; 37 (Suppl. 2): 93–7.
14. Benoit V, Valette L, Mercier L et al. Potentiation of epinephrine-induced lipolysis in fat cells from estrogen-treated rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1982; 109: 1186–91.
15. Berr F, Kullak-Ublick GA, Paumgartner G et al. 7 alpha-dehydroxylating bacteria enhance deoxycholic acid input and cholesterol saturation of bile in patients with gallstones. Gastroenterology 1996; 111 (6): 1611–20.
16. Caprio M, Feve B, Claes A et al. Pivotal role of the mineralocorticoid receptor in corticosteroid-induced adipogenesis. FASEB J 2007; 21 (9): 2185–94.
17. Caprio M, Zennaro MC, Fеve B et al. Potencial role of progestagens in the control of adipose tissue and salt sensitivity via interaction with the mineralocorticoid receptor. Climacteric 2008; 11 (3): 258–64.
18. Caruso MG, Giangrande M, Clemente C et al. Serum lipids and biliary sludge during pregnancy. Minerva Gastroenterol. Dietol 1993; 39 (2): 67–70.
19. Cryer A. Comparative biochemistry and physiology of lipoprotein lipase. Borensztajn J (ed.) Lipoprotein lipase Evener: Chicago, IL 1987; p. 277–327.
20. Davis RA, Elliott TS, Lattier GR et al. Regulation of bile acid synthesis via direct effects on the microsomal membrane. Biochemistry 1986; 25 (7): 1632–6.
21. Dhiman R, Sarkar P, Sharma A et al. Alterations in Gallbladder Emptying and Bile Retention in the Absence of Changes in Bile Lithogenicity in Postmenopausal Women on Hormone Replacement Therapy. Dig Dis Sci 2004; 49 (7–8): 1335–41.
22. Duan LP, Wang HH, Ohashi A, Wang DQ-H. Role of intestinal sterol transporters Abcg5, Abcg8, and Npc1l1 in cholesterol absorption in mice: gender and age effects. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2006; 290: G269–G276.
23. Duvillard L, Dautin G, Florentin E et al. Changes in apolipoprotein B100-containing lipoprotein metabolism due to an estrogen plus progestin oral contraceptive: a stable isotope kinetic study. Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010; 95 (5): 2140–6.
24. Eriksson M, Berglund L, Rudling M et al. Effects of estrogen on low density lipoprotein metabolism in males. Short-term and long-term studies during hormonal treatment of prostatic carcinoma. J Clin Invest 1989; 84: 802–10.
25. Etminan M, Delaney JA, Bressler B, Brophy JM. Oral contraceptives and the risk of gallbladder disease: a comparative safety study. CMAJ 2011; 183 (8): 899–904.
26. Everhart JE, Khare M, Hill M, Maurer KR. Prevalence and ethnic differences in gallbladder disease in the United States. Gastroenterology 1999; 117 (3): 632–9.
27. Everhart JE. Gallstones. Digestive diseases in the United States: epidemiology and impact 1994; 94–1447: 647–90.
28. Everson GT. Gallbladder function in gallstone disease. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 1991; 20 (1): 85–110.
29. Fisher M, Yousef I. Sex differences in the bile acid composition of human bile: Studies in patients with and without gallstones Can Med Assoc J 1973; 109 (3): 190–3.
30. Frederic S, Hould MD, Gerald M Fried et al. Progesterone receptors regulate gallbladder motility. J Surg Res 1988; 45 (6): 505–12.
31. Gilat T, Konikoff F. Can J Gastroenterol. Pregnancy and the biliary tract 2000; 14.
32. Henriksson P, Einarsson K, Eriksson A et al. Estrogen-induced gallstone formation in males. Relation to changes in serum and biliary lipids during hormonal treatment of prostatic carcinoma. J Clin Invest 1989; 84 (3): 811–6.
33. Jorgensen T. Gall stones in a Danish population: fertility period, pregnancies, and exogenous female sex hormones. Gut 1988; 29: 433–9.
34. Kakar F, Weiss NS, Strite SA. Non-contraceptive estrogen use and the risk of gallstone disease in women. Am J Public Health 1988; 78: 564–6.
35. Kern F Jr, Everson GT, De Mark B et al. Biliary lipids, bile acids, and gallbladder function in the human female. Effects of pregnancy and the ovulatory cycle. J Clin Invest 1981; 68: 1229–42.
36. Khan MK, Jalil MA, Khan MS. Oral contraceptives in gall stone diseases. Mymensingh Med J 2007; 16 (Suppl. 2): S40–45.
37. Kline LW, Karpinski E. Progesterone inhibits gallbladder motility through multiple signaling pathways. Steroids 2005; 70 (9): 673–9.
38. Kline LW, Karpinski E. 17b-Estradiol relaxes cholecystokinin- and KCl-induced tension in male guinea pig gallbladder strips. Steroids 2011; 76 (6): 553–7.
39. Ko CW, Beresford SA, Schulte SJ. Incidence, natural history, and risk factors for biliary sludge and stones during pregnancy. Hepatology 2005; 41 (2): 359–65.
40. Kuiper GG, Carlsson B, Grandien K et al. Comparison of the ligand binding specificity and transcript tissue distribution of estrogen receptors alpha and beta. Endocrinology 1997; 138: 863–70.
41. Lindseth G, Bird-Baker MY. Risk factors for cholelithiasis in pregnancy. Res Nurs Heal 2004; 27: 382–91.
42. Liu B, Beral V, Balkwill A et al. Million Women Study Gallbladder disease and use of transdermal versus oral hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women: prospective cohort study. BMJ 2008; 337: a-386.
43. Lundholm L, Zang H, Hirschberg AL et al. Key lipogenic gene expression can be decreased by estrogen in human adipose tissue. Fertil Steril 2008; 90: 44–8.
44. Mamdani MM, Tu K, C van Walraven et al. Postmenopausal estrogen replacement therapy and increased rates of cholecystectomy and appendectomy. CMAJ 2000; 162 (10): 1421–4.
45. Maringhini A, Ciambra M, Baccelliere P et al. Biliary sludge and gallstones in preg-nancy: incidence, risk factors, and natural history. Ann Intern Med 1993; 119 (2): 116–20.
46. Mumford SL, Schisterman EF, Siega-Riz AM et al. A longitudinal study of serum lipoproteins in relation to endogenous reproductive hormones during the menstrual cycle: findings from the BioCycle study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010; 95 (9): E80–5.
47. Portincas P, Moschetta A, Palasciano G. Cholesterol gallstone disease Lancet 2006; 368: 230–9.
48. Ropponen A, Sund R, Riikonen S et al. Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy as an indicator of liver and biliary diseases: a population-based study. Hepatology 2006; 43 (4): 723–8.
49. Royal College of General Practitioners. Oral Contracepties and Health London, England: Pitman Medical 1974; 42: 57–9.
50. Sacks FM, Walsh BW. The effects of reproductive hormones on serum lipoproteins: Unresolved issues in biology and clinical practice. Multidisciplinary perspectives on menopause. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1990; 592: 272–85.
51. Sandler RS, Everhart JE, Donowitz M et al. The burden of selected digestive diseases in the United States. Gastroenterology 2002; 122: 1500–11.
52. Schwenk T. Women's Health Initiative update: Estrogen Therapy Increases Risk for Gallbladder Disease. J Women's Health.
53. Scragg RKR, McMichael AJ, Seamark RF. Oral contraceptives, pregnancy, and endogenous oestrogen in gall stone disease – a case-control study. BMJ 1984; 288: 1795–9.
54. Shaff er EA. Epidemiology and risk factors for gallstone disease: has the paradigm changed in the 21st century? Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2005; 7: 132–40.
55. Simon JA, Donald B, Hunninghake et al. Effect of Estrogen plus Progestin on Risk for Biliary Tract Surgery in Postmenopausal Women with Coronary Artery Disease: The Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study Ann Intern Med. 2001; 135 (7): 493–501.
56. Simon JA. What's new in hormone replacement therapy: focus on transdermal estradiol and micronized progesterone. Climacteric 2012; 15 (Suppl. 1): 3–10.
57. Sitruk-Ware R. New progestagens: a review of their effects in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Drugs Aging 2004; 21: 13: 865–83.
58. Srivastava RAK, Baumann D, Schonfeld G. 1993 In vivo regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptors by estrogen differs at the post-transcriptional level in rat and mouse. Eur J Biochem 216: 527–38.
59. Strom BL, Tamragouri RN, Morse ML et al. Oral contraceptives and other risk factors for gallbladder disease. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1986; 39: 335–41.
60. The World Health Organization. Cardiovascular disease and steroid hormone contraception. Technical Report Series 877. Geneva: The Organization 1998.
61. Thijs C, Knipschild P, Leffers P. Pregnancy and gallstone disease-an empiric demonstration of the importance of specificationof risk periods. Am J Epidemiol 1991; 134: 186–95.
62. Thijs C, Knipschild P. Oral Contraceptives and the Risk of Gallbladder Disease: A Meta-Analysis. Am J Public Health 1993; 83 (8): 1113–9.
63. Turley SD, Dietschy JM. The contribution of newly synthesized cholesterol to biliary cholesterol in the rat. J Biol Chem 1981; 256: 2438–46.
64. Valdivieso V, Covarrubias C, Siegel F et al. Pregnancy and cholelithiasis:pathogenesis and natural course of gallstones diagnosed in early puerperium. Hepatology 1993; 17: 1–4.
65. Van Erpecum KJ, Van Berge Henegouwen GP, Verschoor I et al. Different hepatobiliary effects of oral and transdermal estradiol in postmenopausal women. Gastroenterology 1991; 100: 482–8.
66. Wang H, Liu M, Clegg D et al. New insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying effects of estrogen on cholesterol gallstone formation. Biochim Biophys Acta 2009; 1791 (11): 1037–47.
67. Wang HH, Afdhal NH, Wang DQ-H. Estrogen receptor alpha, but not beta, plays a major role in 17beta-estradiol-induced murine cholesterol gallstones. Gastroenterology 2004; 127: 239–49.
68. Wang HH, Afdhal NH, Wang DQ-H. Overexpression of estrogen receptor a increases hepatic cholesterogenesis, leading to biliary hypersecretion in mice. J Lipid Res 2006; 47: 778–86.

________________________________________________

1. Губергриц Н.Б., Бен Хмида Макрем Бен Мекк. Билиарный сладж: констатировать или лечить? Сучасна гастроентерологiя. 2005; 4 (24): 9–19.
2. Герок В., Блюм Х.Е. Заболевания печени и желчевыделительной системы. Пер. с нем. Под общ. ред. акад. РАМН В.Т.Ивашкина, проф. А.А.Шептулина, М.: МЕДпресс-информ, 2009.
3. Иванченкова Р.А. Хронические заболевания желчевыводящих путей. М.: Атмосфера, 2006.
4. Иванченкова Р.А., Атькова Е.Р. Консервативная терапия хронических заболеваний желчного пузыря (желчнокаменной болезни и холестероза желчного пузыря). Практическое руководство для врачей. М., 2011.
5. Ильченко А.А. Классификация желчнокаменной болезни. Терапевт. арх. 2004; 2: 75–9.
6. Ильченко А.А. Современный взгляд на проблему билиарного сладжа. Рус. мед. журн. Болезни органов пищеварения. 2010; 28: 1707–12.
7. Лейшнер У. Практическое руководство по заболеваниям желчных путей. М.: ГЕОТАР-МЕД, 2001.
8. Успенская Ю.Б. Состояние желчевыводящих путей у беременных. Материалы научно-практической конференции «Актуальные вопросы гастроэнтерологии. Василенковские чтения». 2010; с. 101.
9. Acalovschi M. Cholesterol gallstones: from epidemiology to prevention Postgrad Med J 2001; 77: 221–9.
10. Archer JS, Archer DF. Oral contraceptive efficacy and antibiotic interaction: a myth debunked. J Am Acad Dermatol 2002; 46: 917–23.
11. Baisini O, Benini R, Petraglia F et al. Ursodeoxycholic acid does not affect ethinylestradiol bioavailability in women taking oral contraceptives. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2004; 60: 481–7.
12. Barbara L, Sama C, Morselli Labate AM et al. A population study on the prevalence of gallstone disease: the Sirmione study. Hepatology 1987; 7: 913–7.
13. Basdevant A. Steroids and lipid metabolism: Mechanism of action. Int J Fertil 1992; 37 (Suppl. 2): 93–7.
14. Benoit V, Valette L, Mercier L et al. Potentiation of epinephrine-induced lipolysis in fat cells from estrogen-treated rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1982; 109: 1186–91.
15. Berr F, Kullak-Ublick GA, Paumgartner G et al. 7 alpha-dehydroxylating bacteria enhance deoxycholic acid input and cholesterol saturation of bile in patients with gallstones. Gastroenterology 1996; 111 (6): 1611–20.
16. Caprio M, Feve B, Claes A et al. Pivotal role of the mineralocorticoid receptor in corticosteroid-induced adipogenesis. FASEB J 2007; 21 (9): 2185–94.
17. Caprio M, Zennaro MC, Fеve B et al. Potencial role of progestagens in the control of adipose tissue and salt sensitivity via interaction with the mineralocorticoid receptor. Climacteric 2008; 11 (3): 258–64.
18. Caruso MG, Giangrande M, Clemente C et al. Serum lipids and biliary sludge during pregnancy. Minerva Gastroenterol. Dietol 1993; 39 (2): 67–70.
19. Cryer A. Comparative biochemistry and physiology of lipoprotein lipase. Borensztajn J (ed.) Lipoprotein lipase Evener: Chicago, IL 1987; p. 277–327.
20. Davis RA, Elliott TS, Lattier GR et al. Regulation of bile acid synthesis via direct effects on the microsomal membrane. Biochemistry 1986; 25 (7): 1632–6.
21. Dhiman R, Sarkar P, Sharma A et al. Alterations in Gallbladder Emptying and Bile Retention in the Absence of Changes in Bile Lithogenicity in Postmenopausal Women on Hormone Replacement Therapy. Dig Dis Sci 2004; 49 (7–8): 1335–41.
22. Duan LP, Wang HH, Ohashi A, Wang DQ-H. Role of intestinal sterol transporters Abcg5, Abcg8, and Npc1l1 in cholesterol absorption in mice: gender and age effects. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2006; 290: G269–G276.
23. Duvillard L, Dautin G, Florentin E et al. Changes in apolipoprotein B100-containing lipoprotein metabolism due to an estrogen plus progestin oral contraceptive: a stable isotope kinetic study. Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010; 95 (5): 2140–6.
24. Eriksson M, Berglund L, Rudling M et al. Effects of estrogen on low density lipoprotein metabolism in males. Short-term and long-term studies during hormonal treatment of prostatic carcinoma. J Clin Invest 1989; 84: 802–10.
25. Etminan M, Delaney JA, Bressler B, Brophy JM. Oral contraceptives and the risk of gallbladder disease: a comparative safety study. CMAJ 2011; 183 (8): 899–904.
26. Everhart JE, Khare M, Hill M, Maurer KR. Prevalence and ethnic differences in gallbladder disease in the United States. Gastroenterology 1999; 117 (3): 632–9.
27. Everhart JE. Gallstones. Digestive diseases in the United States: epidemiology and impact 1994; 94–1447: 647–90.
28. Everson GT. Gallbladder function in gallstone disease. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 1991; 20 (1): 85–110.
29. Fisher M, Yousef I. Sex differences in the bile acid composition of human bile: Studies in patients with and without gallstones Can Med Assoc J 1973; 109 (3): 190–3.
30. Frederic S, Hould MD, Gerald M Fried et al. Progesterone receptors regulate gallbladder motility. J Surg Res 1988; 45 (6): 505–12.
31. Gilat T, Konikoff F. Can J Gastroenterol. Pregnancy and the biliary tract 2000; 14.
32. Henriksson P, Einarsson K, Eriksson A et al. Estrogen-induced gallstone formation in males. Relation to changes in serum and biliary lipids during hormonal treatment of prostatic carcinoma. J Clin Invest 1989; 84 (3): 811–6.
33. Jorgensen T. Gall stones in a Danish population: fertility period, pregnancies, and exogenous female sex hormones. Gut 1988; 29: 433–9.
34. Kakar F, Weiss NS, Strite SA. Non-contraceptive estrogen use and the risk of gallstone disease in women. Am J Public Health 1988; 78: 564–6.
35. Kern F Jr, Everson GT, De Mark B et al. Biliary lipids, bile acids, and gallbladder function in the human female. Effects of pregnancy and the ovulatory cycle. J Clin Invest 1981; 68: 1229–42.
36. Khan MK, Jalil MA, Khan MS. Oral contraceptives in gall stone diseases. Mymensingh Med J 2007; 16 (Suppl. 2): S40–45.
37. Kline LW, Karpinski E. Progesterone inhibits gallbladder motility through multiple signaling pathways. Steroids 2005; 70 (9): 673–9.
38. Kline LW, Karpinski E. 17b-Estradiol relaxes cholecystokinin- and KCl-induced tension in male guinea pig gallbladder strips. Steroids 2011; 76 (6): 553–7.
39. Ko CW, Beresford SA, Schulte SJ. Incidence, natural history, and risk factors for biliary sludge and stones during pregnancy. Hepatology 2005; 41 (2): 359–65.
40. Kuiper GG, Carlsson B, Grandien K et al. Comparison of the ligand binding specificity and transcript tissue distribution of estrogen receptors alpha and beta. Endocrinology 1997; 138: 863–70.
41. Lindseth G, Bird-Baker MY. Risk factors for cholelithiasis in pregnancy. Res Nurs Heal 2004; 27: 382–91.
42. Liu B, Beral V, Balkwill A et al. Million Women Study Gallbladder disease and use of transdermal versus oral hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women: prospective cohort study. BMJ 2008; 337: a-386.
43. Lundholm L, Zang H, Hirschberg AL et al. Key lipogenic gene expression can be decreased by estrogen in human adipose tissue. Fertil Steril 2008; 90: 44–8.
44. Mamdani MM, Tu K, C van Walraven et al. Postmenopausal estrogen replacement therapy and increased rates of cholecystectomy and appendectomy. CMAJ 2000; 162 (10): 1421–4.
45. Maringhini A, Ciambra M, Baccelliere P et al. Biliary sludge and gallstones in preg-nancy: incidence, risk factors, and natural history. Ann Intern Med 1993; 119 (2): 116–20.
46. Mumford SL, Schisterman EF, Siega-Riz AM et al. A longitudinal study of serum lipoproteins in relation to endogenous reproductive hormones during the menstrual cycle: findings from the BioCycle study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010; 95 (9): E80–5.
47. Portincas P, Moschetta A, Palasciano G. Cholesterol gallstone disease Lancet 2006; 368: 230–9.
48. Ropponen A, Sund R, Riikonen S et al. Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy as an indicator of liver and biliary diseases: a population-based study. Hepatology 2006; 43 (4): 723–8.
49. Royal College of General Practitioners. Oral Contracepties and Health London, England: Pitman Medical 1974; 42: 57–9.
50. Sacks FM, Walsh BW. The effects of reproductive hormones on serum lipoproteins: Unresolved issues in biology and clinical practice. Multidisciplinary perspectives on menopause. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1990; 592: 272–85.
51. Sandler RS, Everhart JE, Donowitz M et al. The burden of selected digestive diseases in the United States. Gastroenterology 2002; 122: 1500–11.
52. Schwenk T. Women's Health Initiative update: Estrogen Therapy Increases Risk for Gallbladder Disease. J Women's Health.
53. Scragg RKR, McMichael AJ, Seamark RF. Oral contraceptives, pregnancy, and endogenous oestrogen in gall stone disease – a case-control study. BMJ 1984; 288: 1795–9.
54. Shaff er EA. Epidemiology and risk factors for gallstone disease: has the paradigm changed in the 21st century? Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2005; 7: 132–40.
55. Simon JA, Donald B, Hunninghake et al. Effect of Estrogen plus Progestin on Risk for Biliary Tract Surgery in Postmenopausal Women with Coronary Artery Disease: The Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study Ann Intern Med. 2001; 135 (7): 493–501.
56. Simon JA. What's new in hormone replacement therapy: focus on transdermal estradiol and micronized progesterone. Climacteric 2012; 15 (Suppl. 1): 3–10.
57. Sitruk-Ware R. New progestagens: a review of their effects in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Drugs Aging 2004; 21: 13: 865–83.
58. Srivastava RAK, Baumann D, Schonfeld G. 1993 In vivo regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptors by estrogen differs at the post-transcriptional level in rat and mouse. Eur J Biochem 216: 527–38.
59. Strom BL, Tamragouri RN, Morse ML et al. Oral contraceptives and other risk factors for gallbladder disease. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1986; 39: 335–41.
60. The World Health Organization. Cardiovascular disease and steroid hormone contraception. Technical Report Series 877. Geneva: The Organization 1998.
61. Thijs C, Knipschild P, Leffers P. Pregnancy and gallstone disease-an empiric demonstration of the importance of specificationof risk periods. Am J Epidemiol 1991; 134: 186–95.
62. Thijs C, Knipschild P. Oral Contraceptives and the Risk of Gallbladder Disease: A Meta-Analysis. Am J Public Health 1993; 83 (8): 1113–9.
63. Turley SD, Dietschy JM. The contribution of newly synthesized cholesterol to biliary cholesterol in the rat. J Biol Chem 1981; 256: 2438–46.
64. Valdivieso V, Covarrubias C, Siegel F et al. Pregnancy and cholelithiasis:pathogenesis and natural course of gallstones diagnosed in early puerperium. Hepatology 1993; 17: 1–4.
65. Van Erpecum KJ, Van Berge Henegouwen GP, Verschoor I et al. Different hepatobiliary effects of oral and transdermal estradiol in postmenopausal women. Gastroenterology 1991; 100: 482–8.
66. Wang H, Liu M, Clegg D et al. New insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying effects of estrogen on cholesterol gallstone formation. Biochim Biophys Acta 2009; 1791 (11): 1037–47.
67. Wang HH, Afdhal NH, Wang DQ-H. Estrogen receptor alpha, but not beta, plays a major role in 17beta-estradiol-induced murine cholesterol gallstones. Gastroenterology 2004; 127: 239–49.
68. Wang HH, Afdhal NH, Wang DQ-H. Overexpression of estrogen receptor a increases hepatic cholesterogenesis, leading to biliary hypersecretion in mice. J Lipid Res 2006; 47: 778–86.

Ю.Б.Успенская, И.В.Кузнецова

ГБОУ ВПО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М.Сеченова Минздрава РФ

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Yu.B.Uspenskaya, I.V.Kuznetsova