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Роль аллергического фактора в развитии хронического воспаления нижнего отдела гениталий у женщин (обзор)
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Аннотация
В обзоре дана оценка роли аллергического фактора в развитии хронических воспалительных заболеваний нижнего отдела генитального тракта. Ввиду высокой распространенности хронических вульвовагинитов и цервицитов, увеличивающих риск разных осложнений в акушерстве и гинекологии и снижающих качество жизни женщин, поиск этиологически значимых факторов и новых путей диагностики является актуальной проблемой. Аллергия, которую часто недооценивают, может быть одной из причин хронических вульвовагинитов и цервицитов. В ряде исследований была выявлена связь между атопическими заболеваниями и рецидивирующим вульвовагинальным кандидозом у женщин. Было установлено, что разные бытовые и контактные аллергены могут способствовать развитию вульвовагинитов. При этом вульвовагиниты аллергического генеза устойчивы к стандартному лечению и часто рецидивируют. Рецидивирование воспалительного процесса в области гениталий вследствие воздействия аллергического фактора часто обусловлено наличием полиморфизмов генов, отвечающих за развитие иммунного ответа на воздействие аллергена.
Ключевые слова: хронический вульвовагинит, цервицит, рецидивирующий вульвовагинальный кандидоз, атопические заболевания, аллергические заболевания, аллергический фактор.
Ключевые слова: хронический вульвовагинит, цервицит, рецидивирующий вульвовагинальный кандидоз, атопические заболевания, аллергические заболевания, аллергический фактор.
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High prevalence of chronic vulvovaginitis and cervicitis, and increased risk of different obstetrical and gynecological complications in these women, contributes to study the etiological and risk factors of this disease. In this review the authors outline the role of allergic factor in the chronic inflammation of the low part of genitalia in women.
Key words: chronic vulvovaginitis,cervicitis, recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis, atopic diseases, allergic diseases, allergic factor.
Полный текст
Список литературы
1. Steinhandler L, Peipert JF, Heber W et al. Combination of bacterial vaginosis and leukorrhea as a predictor of cervical chlamydial or gonococcal infection. Obs Gynecol 2002; 99 (4): 603–7.
2. Moraes PS, Taketomi E. Allergic vulvovaginitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2000; 85 (4): 253–65; quiz 265–7.
3. Bozek A, Jarzab J. Epidemiology of IgE-dependent allergic diseases in elderly patients in Poland. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2013; 27 (5): 140–5.
4. Arshad SH, Tariq SM, Matthews S, Hakim E. Sensitization to Common Allergens and Its Association With Allergic Disorders at Age 4 Years: A Whole Population Birth Cohort Study. Pediatrics 2001; 108 (2): e33–e33.
5. Бургдорф В., Рекен М., Греверс Г. Наглядная аллергология. М.: Бином, 2008; с. 11–4.
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7. Granada M, Wilk JB, Tuzova M et al. A genome-wide association study of plasma total IgE concentrations in the Framingham Heart Study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 129 (3): 840–5.
8. Stone KD, Prussin C, Metcalfe DD. IgE, mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 125 (2 Suppl. 2): S73–80.
9. Sonnex C. Genital allergy. Sex Transm Infect 2004; 80 (1): 4–7.
10. Guillet G, Dagregorio G, Guillet M. Vulvar contact dermatitis due to seminal allergy: 3 cases. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2005; 132 (2): 123–5.
11. Jasser M, Mebuke N, Gannes G. Propylene glycol: an often unrecognized cause of allergic contact dermatitis in patients using topical corticosteroids. Ski Ther Lett 2011; 16 (5): 5–7.
12. Neves N, Carvalho LP, De Oliveira M et al. Association between atopy and recurrent vaginal candidiasis. Clin Exp Immunol 2005; 142 (1): 167–71.
13. Ludman B. Human seminal plasma protein allergy: a diagnosis rarely considered. J Obs Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 1999; 28 (4): 359–63.
14. Ohman JL Jr, Malkiel S, Lewis S, Lorusso LJ. Allergy to human seminal fluid: characterization of the allergen and experience with immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1990; 85 (1): 103–7.
15. Kint B, Degreef H, Dooms-Goossens A. Combined allergy to human seminal plasma and latex: case report and review of the literature. Contact Dermatitis 1994; 30 (1): 7–11.
16. Fisher AA. Allergic contact dermatitis to nonoxynol-9 in a condom. Cutis 1994; 54 (2): 66–7.
17. Ozturk S, Caliskaner Z, Karaayvaz M et al. Hypersensitivity to aeroallergens in patients with recurrent vulvovaginitis of undetermined etiology. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2007; 33 (4): 496–500.
18. Moraes PS, de Lima Goiaba S, Taketomi E. Candida albicans allergen immunotherapy in recurrent vaginal candidiasis. J Investig Allergol Clin Immuno 2000; 10 (5): 305–9.
19. Guo R, Zheng N, Lu H et al. Increased diversity of fungal flora in the vagina of patients with recurrent vaginal candidiasis and allergic rhinitis. Microb Ecol 2012; 64 (4): 918–27.
20. Weissenbacher TM, Witkin SS, Gingelmaier A et al. Relationship between recurrent vulvovaginal candidosis and immune mediators in vaginal fluid. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2009; 144 (1): 59–63.
21. Noverr MC, Erb-Downward JR, Huffnagle GB. Production of eicosanoids and other oxylipins by pathogenic eukaryotic microbes. Clin Microbiol Rev 2003; 16 (3): 517–33.
22. Fan SR, Liao QP, Liu XP, Liu ZH. Vaginal allergic response in women with vulvovaginal candidiasis. Int J Gynaecol Obs 2008; 101 (1): 27–30.
23. Gell PGH, Coombs RRA. The classification of allergic reactions underlying disease. Clin Asp Immunol 1963.
24. Akiyama. The role of fungal allergy in bronchial asthma.pdf. Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi 2000; 41 (3): 149–55.
25. Holtzman MJ. Review series Asthma as a chronic disease of the innate and adaptive immune systems responding to viruses and allergens. J Clin Invest 2012; 122 (8): 2741–8.
26. Vercelli D. Gene-Environment Interactions in Asthma and Allergy: The End of the Beginning? Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 10 (2): 145–8.
27. Yang IA, Fong KM, Holgate S et al. The role of Toll-like receptors and related receptors of the innate immune system in asthma. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2006; 6 (1): 23–8.
28. Pino-Yanes M, Corrales A, Cumplido J et al. Assessing the validity of asthma associations for eight candidate genes and age at diagnosis effects. PLoS One 2013; 8 (9): e73157.
29. Koppelman GH, te Meerman GJ, Postma DS. Genetic testing for asthma. Eur Respir J 2008; 32 (3): 775–82.
30. Hirota T, Takahashi A, Kubo M et al. Genome-wide association study identifies three new susceptibility loci for adult asthma in the Japanese population. Nat Genet 2011; 43 (9): 893–6.
31. Li X, Howard TD, Zheng SL et al. Genome-wide association study of asthma identifies RAD50-IL13 and HLA-DR/DQ regions. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 125 (2): 328–35.e11.
32. Grewe M, Bruijnzeel-Koomen CA, Schopf E et al. A role for Th1 and Th2 cells in the immunopathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. Immunol Today 1998; 19: 359–61.
33. Hershey GK, Friedrich MF, Esswein LA et al. The association of atopy with a gain-of-function mutation in the alpha subunit of the interleukin-4 receptor. N Engl J Med 1997; 337: 1720–5.
34. Shirakawa I, Deichmann KA, Izuhara I et al. (2000) Atopy and asthma: genetic variants of IL‐4 and IL‐13 signalling. Immunology Today 21(2): 60–64.
35. Liu X, Nickel R, Beyer K et al. An IL13 coding region variant is associated with a high total serum IgE level and atopic dermatitis in the German Multicenter Atopy Study (MAS-90). J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000; 106 (1): 167–70.
36. Van Eerdewegh P, Little RD, Del Mastro RG et al. Association of the ADAM33 gene with asthma and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Nature 2002; 418 (6896): 426–30.
37. Ono SJ. Molecular genetics of allergic diseases. Ann Rev Immunol 2000; 18: 347–66.
38. Lasky-Su J, Himes BE, Raby BA et al. HLA-DQ strikes again: genome-wide association study further confirms HLA-DQ in the diagnosis of asthma among adults. Clin Exp Allergy 2012; 42 (12): 1724–33.
39. Zhou J, Zhou Y, Lin L et al. Association of polymorphisms in the promoter region of FCER1A gene with atopic dermatitis, chronic uticaria, asthma, and serum immunoglobulin E levels in a Han Chinese population. Hum Immunol 2012; 73 (3): 301–5.
40. Hasegawa M, Nishiyama C, Nishiyama M et al. A novel-66T/C polymorphism in Fc epsilon RI alpha-chain promoter affecting the transcription activity: possible relationship to allergic diseases. J Immunol 2003; 171 (4): 1927–33.
41. Chiang C, Lin M-W, Chung M-Y, Yang U-C. The association between the IL-4, ADRb2 and ADAM 33 gene polymorphisms and asthma in the Taiwanese population. J Chin Med Assoc Elsevier Taiwan LLC and the Chinese Medical Association 2012; 75 (12): 635–43.
42. Nissen D, Petersen LJ, Esch R et al. IgE-sensitization to cellular and culture filtrates of fungal extracts in patients with atopic dermatitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 1998; 81 (3): 247–55.
2. Moraes PS, Taketomi E. Allergic vulvovaginitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2000; 85 (4): 253–65; quiz 265–7.
3. Bozek A, Jarzab J. Epidemiology of IgE-dependent allergic diseases in elderly patients in Poland. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2013; 27 (5): 140–5.
4. Arshad SH, Tariq SM, Matthews S, Hakim E. Sensitization to Common Allergens and Its Association With Allergic Disorders at Age 4 Years: A Whole Population Birth Cohort Study. Pediatrics 2001; 108 (2): e33–e33.
5. Бургдорф В., Рекен М., Греверс Г. Наглядная аллергология. М.: Бином, 2008; с. 11–4.
6. Johansson SGO, Bousquet J, Dreborg S et al. Position paper. A revised nomenclature for allergy. An EAACI position statement from the EAACI nomenclature task force. 2001; p. 813–24.
7. Granada M, Wilk JB, Tuzova M et al. A genome-wide association study of plasma total IgE concentrations in the Framingham Heart Study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 129 (3): 840–5.
8. Stone KD, Prussin C, Metcalfe DD. IgE, mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 125 (2 Suppl. 2): S73–80.
9. Sonnex C. Genital allergy. Sex Transm Infect 2004; 80 (1): 4–7.
10. Guillet G, Dagregorio G, Guillet M. Vulvar contact dermatitis due to seminal allergy: 3 cases. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2005; 132 (2): 123–5.
11. Jasser M, Mebuke N, Gannes G. Propylene glycol: an often unrecognized cause of allergic contact dermatitis in patients using topical corticosteroids. Ski Ther Lett 2011; 16 (5): 5–7.
12. Neves N, Carvalho LP, De Oliveira M et al. Association between atopy and recurrent vaginal candidiasis. Clin Exp Immunol 2005; 142 (1): 167–71.
13. Ludman B. Human seminal plasma protein allergy: a diagnosis rarely considered. J Obs Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 1999; 28 (4): 359–63.
14. Ohman JL Jr, Malkiel S, Lewis S, Lorusso LJ. Allergy to human seminal fluid: characterization of the allergen and experience with immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1990; 85 (1): 103–7.
15. Kint B, Degreef H, Dooms-Goossens A. Combined allergy to human seminal plasma and latex: case report and review of the literature. Contact Dermatitis 1994; 30 (1): 7–11.
16. Fisher AA. Allergic contact dermatitis to nonoxynol-9 in a condom. Cutis 1994; 54 (2): 66–7.
17. Ozturk S, Caliskaner Z, Karaayvaz M et al. Hypersensitivity to aeroallergens in patients with recurrent vulvovaginitis of undetermined etiology. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2007; 33 (4): 496–500.
18. Moraes PS, de Lima Goiaba S, Taketomi E. Candida albicans allergen immunotherapy in recurrent vaginal candidiasis. J Investig Allergol Clin Immuno 2000; 10 (5): 305–9.
19. Guo R, Zheng N, Lu H et al. Increased diversity of fungal flora in the vagina of patients with recurrent vaginal candidiasis and allergic rhinitis. Microb Ecol 2012; 64 (4): 918–27.
20. Weissenbacher TM, Witkin SS, Gingelmaier A et al. Relationship between recurrent vulvovaginal candidosis and immune mediators in vaginal fluid. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2009; 144 (1): 59–63.
21. Noverr MC, Erb-Downward JR, Huffnagle GB. Production of eicosanoids and other oxylipins by pathogenic eukaryotic microbes. Clin Microbiol Rev 2003; 16 (3): 517–33.
22. Fan SR, Liao QP, Liu XP, Liu ZH. Vaginal allergic response in women with vulvovaginal candidiasis. Int J Gynaecol Obs 2008; 101 (1): 27–30.
23. Gell PGH, Coombs RRA. The classification of allergic reactions underlying disease. Clin Asp Immunol 1963.
24. Akiyama. The role of fungal allergy in bronchial asthma.pdf. Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi 2000; 41 (3): 149–55.
25. Holtzman MJ. Review series Asthma as a chronic disease of the innate and adaptive immune systems responding to viruses and allergens. J Clin Invest 2012; 122 (8): 2741–8.
26. Vercelli D. Gene-Environment Interactions in Asthma and Allergy: The End of the Beginning? Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 10 (2): 145–8.
27. Yang IA, Fong KM, Holgate S et al. The role of Toll-like receptors and related receptors of the innate immune system in asthma. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2006; 6 (1): 23–8.
28. Pino-Yanes M, Corrales A, Cumplido J et al. Assessing the validity of asthma associations for eight candidate genes and age at diagnosis effects. PLoS One 2013; 8 (9): e73157.
29. Koppelman GH, te Meerman GJ, Postma DS. Genetic testing for asthma. Eur Respir J 2008; 32 (3): 775–82.
30. Hirota T, Takahashi A, Kubo M et al. Genome-wide association study identifies three new susceptibility loci for adult asthma in the Japanese population. Nat Genet 2011; 43 (9): 893–6.
31. Li X, Howard TD, Zheng SL et al. Genome-wide association study of asthma identifies RAD50-IL13 and HLA-DR/DQ regions. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 125 (2): 328–35.e11.
32. Grewe M, Bruijnzeel-Koomen CA, Schopf E et al. A role for Th1 and Th2 cells in the immunopathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. Immunol Today 1998; 19: 359–61.
33. Hershey GK, Friedrich MF, Esswein LA et al. The association of atopy with a gain-of-function mutation in the alpha subunit of the interleukin-4 receptor. N Engl J Med 1997; 337: 1720–5.
34. Shirakawa I, Deichmann KA, Izuhara I et al. (2000) Atopy and asthma: genetic variants of IL‐4 and IL‐13 signalling. Immunology Today 21(2): 60–64.
35. Liu X, Nickel R, Beyer K et al. An IL13 coding region variant is associated with a high total serum IgE level and atopic dermatitis in the German Multicenter Atopy Study (MAS-90). J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000; 106 (1): 167–70.
36. Van Eerdewegh P, Little RD, Del Mastro RG et al. Association of the ADAM33 gene with asthma and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Nature 2002; 418 (6896): 426–30.
37. Ono SJ. Molecular genetics of allergic diseases. Ann Rev Immunol 2000; 18: 347–66.
38. Lasky-Su J, Himes BE, Raby BA et al. HLA-DQ strikes again: genome-wide association study further confirms HLA-DQ in the diagnosis of asthma among adults. Clin Exp Allergy 2012; 42 (12): 1724–33.
39. Zhou J, Zhou Y, Lin L et al. Association of polymorphisms in the promoter region of FCER1A gene with atopic dermatitis, chronic uticaria, asthma, and serum immunoglobulin E levels in a Han Chinese population. Hum Immunol 2012; 73 (3): 301–5.
40. Hasegawa M, Nishiyama C, Nishiyama M et al. A novel-66T/C polymorphism in Fc epsilon RI alpha-chain promoter affecting the transcription activity: possible relationship to allergic diseases. J Immunol 2003; 171 (4): 1927–33.
41. Chiang C, Lin M-W, Chung M-Y, Yang U-C. The association between the IL-4, ADRb2 and ADAM 33 gene polymorphisms and asthma in the Taiwanese population. J Chin Med Assoc Elsevier Taiwan LLC and the Chinese Medical Association 2012; 75 (12): 635–43.
42. Nissen D, Petersen LJ, Esch R et al. IgE-sensitization to cellular and culture filtrates of fungal extracts in patients with atopic dermatitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 1998; 81 (3): 247–55.
________________________________________________
1. Steinhandler L, Peipert JF, Heber W et al. Combination of bacterial vaginosis and leukorrhea as a predictor of cervical chlamydial or gonococcal infection. Obs Gynecol 2002; 99 (4): 603–7.
2. Moraes PS, Taketomi E. Allergic vulvovaginitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2000; 85 (4): 253–65; quiz 265–7.
3. Bozek A, Jarzab J. Epidemiology of IgE-dependent allergic diseases in elderly patients in Poland. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2013; 27 (5): 140–5.
4. Arshad SH, Tariq SM, Matthews S, Hakim E. Sensitization to Common Allergens and Its Association With Allergic Disorders at Age 4 Years: A Whole Population Birth Cohort Study. Pediatrics 2001; 108 (2): e33–e33.
5. Бургдорф В., Рекен М., Греверс Г. Наглядная аллергология. М.: Бином, 2008; с. 11–4.
6. Johansson SGO, Bousquet J, Dreborg S et al. Position paper. A revised nomenclature for allergy. An EAACI position statement from the EAACI nomenclature task force. 2001; p. 813–24.
7. Granada M, Wilk JB, Tuzova M et al. A genome-wide association study of plasma total IgE concentrations in the Framingham Heart Study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 129 (3): 840–5.
8. Stone KD, Prussin C, Metcalfe DD. IgE, mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 125 (2 Suppl. 2): S73–80.
9. Sonnex C. Genital allergy. Sex Transm Infect 2004; 80 (1): 4–7.
10. Guillet G, Dagregorio G, Guillet M. Vulvar contact dermatitis due to seminal allergy: 3 cases. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2005; 132 (2): 123–5.
11. Jasser M, Mebuke N, Gannes G. Propylene glycol: an often unrecognized cause of allergic contact dermatitis in patients using topical corticosteroids. Ski Ther Lett 2011; 16 (5): 5–7.
12. Neves N, Carvalho LP, De Oliveira M et al. Association between atopy and recurrent vaginal candidiasis. Clin Exp Immunol 2005; 142 (1): 167–71.
13. Ludman B. Human seminal plasma protein allergy: a diagnosis rarely considered. J Obs Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 1999; 28 (4): 359–63.
14. Ohman JL Jr, Malkiel S, Lewis S, Lorusso LJ. Allergy to human seminal fluid: characterization of the allergen and experience with immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1990; 85 (1): 103–7.
15. Kint B, Degreef H, Dooms-Goossens A. Combined allergy to human seminal plasma and latex: case report and review of the literature. Contact Dermatitis 1994; 30 (1): 7–11.
16. Fisher AA. Allergic contact dermatitis to nonoxynol-9 in a condom. Cutis 1994; 54 (2): 66–7.
17. Ozturk S, Caliskaner Z, Karaayvaz M et al. Hypersensitivity to aeroallergens in patients with recurrent vulvovaginitis of undetermined etiology. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2007; 33 (4): 496–500.
18. Moraes PS, de Lima Goiaba S, Taketomi E. Candida albicans allergen immunotherapy in recurrent vaginal candidiasis. J Investig Allergol Clin Immuno 2000; 10 (5): 305–9.
19. Guo R, Zheng N, Lu H et al. Increased diversity of fungal flora in the vagina of patients with recurrent vaginal candidiasis and allergic rhinitis. Microb Ecol 2012; 64 (4): 918–27.
20. Weissenbacher TM, Witkin SS, Gingelmaier A et al. Relationship between recurrent vulvovaginal candidosis and immune mediators in vaginal fluid. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2009; 144 (1): 59–63.
21. Noverr MC, Erb-Downward JR, Huffnagle GB. Production of eicosanoids and other oxylipins by pathogenic eukaryotic microbes. Clin Microbiol Rev 2003; 16 (3): 517–33.
22. Fan SR, Liao QP, Liu XP, Liu ZH. Vaginal allergic response in women with vulvovaginal candidiasis. Int J Gynaecol Obs 2008; 101 (1): 27–30.
23. Gell PGH, Coombs RRA. The classification of allergic reactions underlying disease. Clin Asp Immunol 1963.
24. Akiyama. The role of fungal allergy in bronchial asthma.pdf. Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi 2000; 41 (3): 149–55.
25. Holtzman MJ. Review series Asthma as a chronic disease of the innate and adaptive immune systems responding to viruses and allergens. J Clin Invest 2012; 122 (8): 2741–8.
26. Vercelli D. Gene-Environment Interactions in Asthma and Allergy: The End of the Beginning? Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 10 (2): 145–8.
27. Yang IA, Fong KM, Holgate S et al. The role of Toll-like receptors and related receptors of the innate immune system in asthma. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2006; 6 (1): 23–8.
28. Pino-Yanes M, Corrales A, Cumplido J et al. Assessing the validity of asthma associations for eight candidate genes and age at diagnosis effects. PLoS One 2013; 8 (9): e73157.
29. Koppelman GH, te Meerman GJ, Postma DS. Genetic testing for asthma. Eur Respir J 2008; 32 (3): 775–82.
30. Hirota T, Takahashi A, Kubo M et al. Genome-wide association study identifies three new susceptibility loci for adult asthma in the Japanese population. Nat Genet 2011; 43 (9): 893–6.
31. Li X, Howard TD, Zheng SL et al. Genome-wide association study of asthma identifies RAD50-IL13 and HLA-DR/DQ regions. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 125 (2): 328–35.e11.
32. Grewe M, Bruijnzeel-Koomen CA, Schopf E et al. A role for Th1 and Th2 cells in the immunopathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. Immunol Today 1998; 19: 359–61.
33. Hershey GK, Friedrich MF, Esswein LA et al. The association of atopy with a gain-of-function mutation in the alpha subunit of the interleukin-4 receptor. N Engl J Med 1997; 337: 1720–5.
34. Shirakawa I, Deichmann KA, Izuhara I et al. (2000) Atopy and asthma: genetic variants of IL‐4 and IL‐13 signalling. Immunology Today 21(2): 60–64.
35. Liu X, Nickel R, Beyer K et al. An IL13 coding region variant is associated with a high total serum IgE level and atopic dermatitis in the German Multicenter Atopy Study (MAS-90). J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000; 106 (1): 167–70.
36. Van Eerdewegh P, Little RD, Del Mastro RG et al. Association of the ADAM33 gene with asthma and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Nature 2002; 418 (6896): 426–30.
37. Ono SJ. Molecular genetics of allergic diseases. Ann Rev Immunol 2000; 18: 347–66.
38. Lasky-Su J, Himes BE, Raby BA et al. HLA-DQ strikes again: genome-wide association study further confirms HLA-DQ in the diagnosis of asthma among adults. Clin Exp Allergy 2012; 42 (12): 1724–33.
39. Zhou J, Zhou Y, Lin L et al. Association of polymorphisms in the promoter region of FCER1A gene with atopic dermatitis, chronic uticaria, asthma, and serum immunoglobulin E levels in a Han Chinese population. Hum Immunol 2012; 73 (3): 301–5.
40. Hasegawa M, Nishiyama C, Nishiyama M et al. A novel-66T/C polymorphism in Fc epsilon RI alpha-chain promoter affecting the transcription activity: possible relationship to allergic diseases. J Immunol 2003; 171 (4): 1927–33.
41. Chiang C, Lin M-W, Chung M-Y, Yang U-C. The association between the IL-4, ADRb2 and ADAM 33 gene polymorphisms and asthma in the Taiwanese population. J Chin Med Assoc Elsevier Taiwan LLC and the Chinese Medical Association 2012; 75 (12): 635–43.
42. Nissen D, Petersen LJ, Esch R et al. IgE-sensitization to cellular and culture filtrates of fungal extracts in patients with atopic dermatitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 1998; 81 (3): 247–55.
Авторы
А.А.Павлова1, Н.В.Долгушина1, Е.А.Латышева2, Е.А.Межевитинова1
1. ФГБУ Научный центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии им. акад. В.И.Кулакова Минздрава России;
2. ФГБУ Государственный научный центр Институт иммунологии ФМБА России
1. ФГБУ Научный центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии им. акад. В.И.Кулакова Минздрава России;
2. ФГБУ Государственный научный центр Институт иммунологии ФМБА России
________________________________________________
A.A.Pavlova, N.V.Dolgushina, E.А.Latysheva, E.A.Mezhevitinova
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