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Роль антиоксидантов при беременности высокого риска
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Аннотация
В статье изложены современные представления об оксидативном стрессе и его роли в развитии осложнений беременности: преждевременных родов, преждевременного разрыва плодных оболочек, преэклампсии, плацентарной недостаточности, синдрома задержки роста плода, врожденных пороков развития плода. Особое внимание уделено роли антиоксидантов в профилактике акушерской патологии и осложнений у плода и новорожденного. Для безопасной и эффективной антиоксидантной защиты матери, плода и новорожденного необходимо применение антиоксидантов на этапе прегравидарной подготовки, при беременности и лактации с учетом синергизма действия витаминов и других микронутриентов в сбалансированных витаминно-минеральных комплексах.
Ключевые слова: оксидативный стресс, беременность, преждевременные роды, преэклампсия, антиоксиданты, антиоксидантная терапия.
Ключевые слова: оксидативный стресс, беременность, преждевременные роды, преэклампсия, антиоксиданты, антиоксидантная терапия.
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The article describes the current understanding of the oxidative stress and its influence on the development of pregnancy complications: premature labor, preterm premature rupture of the membranes, preeclampsia, placental insufficiency, intrauterine growth restriction, congenital malformations. Particular attention is paid to the role of antioxidants in prophylaxis of pregnancy disorders and of a number of diseases in neonates. Vitamins and micronutrients supplementation may help restore balance to the oxidative pathways. The development of safe and efficient antioxidant strategies to prevent o minimize oxidative damage before and during pregnancy and during lactation are required.
Key words: oxidative stress, pregnancy, premature labor, preeclampsia, antioxidants, anti-oxidative therapy.
Полный текст
Список литературы
1. Владимиров Ю.А., Проскурнина Е.В. Свободные радикалы и клеточная хемилюминесценция. Успехи биол. химии. 2009; 49: 341.
2. Доброхотова Ю.Э., Иванова Т.А., Гуляева Н.В. и др. Окислительный стресс в плаценте при физиологической и патологически протекающей беременности. Рос. вестн. акушера-гинеколога. 2008; 6: 33–6.
3. Зенков Н.К., Ланкин В.З., Меньщикова Е.Б. Окислительный стресс: Биохимический и патофизиологический аспекты. М.: Наука/ Интерпериодика, 2001.
4. Измайлов Д.Ю., Демин Е.В., Владимиров Ю.А. Определение активности антиоксидантов методом измерения кинетики хемилюминесценции. Фотобиология и фотомедицина. 2011; 2: 17–20.
5. Меньщикова Е.Б., Зенков Н.К., Ланкин В.З. и др. Окислительный стресс: Патологические состояния и заболевания. Новосибирск: АРТА, 2008.
6. Шалина Р.И., Канзапетов М.Р. Антиоксиданты и их роль в акушерской практике. Гинекология. 2013; 15 (5): 3–7.
7. Ших Е.В. Взаимодействия компонентов витаминно-минеральных комплексов и рациональная витаминотерапия. РМЖ. 2004; 17: 8–15.
8. Auten RL, Davis JM. Oxygen toxicity and reactive oxygen species: the devil is in the details. Pediatr Res 2009; 66: 121e7.
9. Beazley D, Ahokas R, Livingston J et al. Vitamin C and E supplementation in women at high risk for preeclampsia: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005; 192 (2): 520–1.
10. Boutet M, Roland L, Thomas N, Bilodeau JF. Specific systemic antioxidant response to preeclampsia in late pregnancy: the study of intracellular glutathione peroxidases in maternal and fetal blood. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2009; 200: 530.e1–530.e7.
11. Buhimschi CS, Dulay AT, Abdel-Razeq S et al. Fetal inflammatory response in women with proteomic biomarkers characteristic of intra-amniotic inflammation and preterm birth. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 2009; 116: 257–67.
12. Burton GJ, Jauniaux E. Oxidative stress. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology 2010; doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2010.10.016.
13. Chappell LC, Seed PT, Briley AL et al. Effect of antioxidants on the occurrence of preeclampsia in women at increased risk: a randomised trial. Lancet 1999; 354 (9181): 810–6.
14. Crane FL, Navas P. The diversity of coenzyme Q function. Mol Aspects Med 1997; 18 (Suppl.): S1–S6.
15. Debier C, Larondelle Y. Vitamins A and E: metabolism, roles and transfer to offspring. Br J Nutr 2005; 93: 153e74.
16. Dheen ST, Tay SS, Boran J. Recent studies on neural tube defects in embryos of diabetic pregnancy: an overview. Curr Med Chem 2009; 16: 2345e54.
17. Ghate J, Choudhari AR, Ghygare B, Singh R. Antioxidant Role of Vitamin C in normal Pregnancy. Biomed Res 2011; 22 (1): 49–51.
18. Goh YI, Bollano E, Einarson TR, Koren G. Prenatal multivitamin supplementation and rates of congenital anomalies: A meta-analysis. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2006; 28: 680–9.
19. Greenberg JA, Bell SJ, Van Ausdal W. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation during pregnancy. Rev Obstet Gynecol 2008; 1 (4): 162–9.
20. Joshi R, Adhikari S, Patro BS et al. Free radical scavenging behavior of folic acid: evidence for possible antioxidant activity. Free Radic Biol Med 2001; 30 (12): 1390–9.
21. Joshi SR, Mehendale SS, Dangat KD et al. High maternal plasma antioxidant concentrations associated with preterm delivery. Ann Nutr Metab 2008; 53: 276–82.
22. Klemmensen AK, Tabor A, Østerdal ML et al. Intake of vitamin C and E in pregnancy and risk of preeclampsia: prospective study among 57 346 women. BJOG An Int J Obstet Gynaecol 2009; 116 (7): 964–74.
23. Knuppel RA, Hassan MI, McDermott JJ et al. Oxidative stress and antioxidants: preterm birth and preterm infants, preterm birth – mother and child. J.Morrison (Ed.). 2012. http://www.intechopen.com
24. Kramer MS, Kahn SR, Platt RW. Antioxidant vitamins, long-chain fatty acids, and spontaneous preterm birth. Epidemiology 2009; 20: 707–13.
25. Makrides M, Gibson RA, McPhee AJ. Effect of DHA supplementation during pregnancy on maternal depression and neurodevelopment of young children. JAMA 2010; 304: 1675–83.
26. McCance DR, Holmes VA, Maresh MJA et al. Vitamins C and E for prevention of preeclampsia in women with type 1 diabetes (DAPIT): a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2010; 376 (9737): 259–66.
27. Mert I, Oruc AS, Yuksel S. Role of oxidative stress in preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2012; 38 (4): 658–64. http://doi:10.1111/j.1447-0756.2011.01771.x
28. Mistry HD, Williams PJ. The importance of antioxidant micronutrients in pregnancy. Review article. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity Volume 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/841749
29. Morrison JC, Elliott J, Knuppel RA et al. Current issues and perspectives in prenatal nutrition. Res Reports Neonatol 2011; 1: 25–38.
30. Picciano MF, McGuire MK. Use of dietary supplements by pregnant and lactating women in North America. Am J Clin Nutr 2009 (Suppl. 89): 663S–667S.
31. Poston L, Briley AL, Seed PT et al. Vitamin C and vitamin E in pregnant women at risk for pre-eclampsia (VIP trial): randomized placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2006; 367: 1145–54.
32. Pressman EK, Thornburg LL, Glantz JC. Inflammatory cytokines and antioxidants in midtrimester amniotic fluid: correlation with pregnancy outcome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2011; 204: 155.e1–7.
33. Rumbold A, Duley L, Crowther CA, Haslam RR. Antioxidants for preventing pre-eclampsia. Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2008; doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004227.pub3.
34. Saugstad OD. Oxidative stress in the newborn – a 30-year perspective. Biol Neonate 2005; 88: 228–36.
35. Sharma JB, Kumar A, Kumar A, Malhotra M. Effect of lycopene on pre-eclampsia and intra-uterine growth retardation in primigravidas. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2003; 81: 257–62.
36. Siddiqui IA, Jaleel A, Al Kadri HM et al. Biomarkers of oxidative stress in women with preeclampsia. Biomark Med 2013; 7 (2): 229–34. http://doi:10.2217/bmm.12.109
37. Stein P, Scholl TO, Schluter MD. Oxidative stress early in pregnancy and pregnancy outcome. Free Res 2008; 42: 841–8.
38. Teran EP, Hernandez I, Nieto B et al. Coenzyme Q10 supplementation during pregnancy reduces the risk of preeclampsia. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2009; 105: 43–5.
39. Teran EP, Racines-Orbe M, Vivero S et al. Preeclampsia is associated with a decrease in plasma coenzyme Q10 levels. Free Radic Biol Med 2003; 35 (11): 1453–6.
40. Tiano L, Belardinelli R, Carnevali P et al. Effect of coenzyme Q10 administration on endothelial function and extracellular superoxide dismutase in patients with ischaemic heart disease: a double-blind, randomized controlled study. Eur Heart J 2007; 28: 2249–55.
41. Trindade CEP. Microelements and vitamins in the nutrition of very low-birthweight preterm infants: a Brazilian perspective. Neo Rev 2007; 8: 3–13.
42. Vadillo-Ortega F, Perichart-Perera O, Espino S et al. Effect of supplementation during pregnancy with L-arginine and antioxidant vitamins in medical food on preeclampsia in high risk population: randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2011; 342: d2901.
43. Venn BJ, Green TJ, Moser R et al. Increases in blood folate indices are similar in women of childbearing age supplemented with [6S]-5-methyltetrahydrofolate and folic acid. J Nutr 2002; 132: 335–5.
44. VillarJ, Purwar M, Merialdi M et al. World Health Organisation multicentre randomised trial of supplementation with vitamins C and E among pregnant women at high risk for preeclampsia in populations of low nutritional status from developing countries. BJOG An Int J Obstet Gynaecol 2009; 116 (6): 780–8.
45. Walsh SW, Vaughan JE, Wang Y, Roberts LJ. Placental isoprostane is significantly increased in preeclampsia. FASEB J 2000; 14: 1289–96.
46. Watanabe K, Mori T, Iwasaki A. Increased oxygen free radical production during pregnancy may impair vascular reactivity in preeclamptic women. Hypertens Res 2013; 36 (4): 356–60. http://doi:10.1038/hr.2012.208
47. Wibowo N, Purwosunu Y, Sekizawa A. Antioxidant supplementation in pregnant women with low antioxidant status. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2012; 38 (9): 1152–61. http://doi:10.1111/j.1447-0756.2012.01855.x
48. Wilson RD, Johnson JA, Wyatt P et al. Pre-conceptional vitamin/folic acid supplementation 2007: The use of folic acid in combination with a multivitamin supplement for the prevention of neural tube defects and other congenital anomalies. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2007; 29: 1003–6.
49. Xu H, Perez-Cuevas R, Xiong X. An international trial of antioxidants in the prevention of preeclampsia (INTAPP). Am J Obstet Gynecol 2010; 202: 239.e1-10.
50. Yu J, Feng L, Hu Y, Zhou Y. Effects of SAC on oxidative stress and NO availability in placenta: potential benefits to preeclampsia. Placenta 2012; 33 (6): 487 94. http://doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2012.02.015
2. Доброхотова Ю.Э., Иванова Т.А., Гуляева Н.В. и др. Окислительный стресс в плаценте при физиологической и патологически протекающей беременности. Рос. вестн. акушера-гинеколога. 2008; 6: 33–6.
3. Зенков Н.К., Ланкин В.З., Меньщикова Е.Б. Окислительный стресс: Биохимический и патофизиологический аспекты. М.: Наука/ Интерпериодика, 2001.
4. Измайлов Д.Ю., Демин Е.В., Владимиров Ю.А. Определение активности антиоксидантов методом измерения кинетики хемилюминесценции. Фотобиология и фотомедицина. 2011; 2: 17–20.
5. Меньщикова Е.Б., Зенков Н.К., Ланкин В.З. и др. Окислительный стресс: Патологические состояния и заболевания. Новосибирск: АРТА, 2008.
6. Шалина Р.И., Канзапетов М.Р. Антиоксиданты и их роль в акушерской практике. Гинекология. 2013; 15 (5): 3–7.
7. Ших Е.В. Взаимодействия компонентов витаминно-минеральных комплексов и рациональная витаминотерапия. РМЖ. 2004; 17: 8–15.
8. Auten RL, Davis JM. Oxygen toxicity and reactive oxygen species: the devil is in the details. Pediatr Res 2009; 66: 121e7.
9. Beazley D, Ahokas R, Livingston J et al. Vitamin C and E supplementation in women at high risk for preeclampsia: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005; 192 (2): 520–1.
10. Boutet M, Roland L, Thomas N, Bilodeau JF. Specific systemic antioxidant response to preeclampsia in late pregnancy: the study of intracellular glutathione peroxidases in maternal and fetal blood. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2009; 200: 530.e1–530.e7.
11. Buhimschi CS, Dulay AT, Abdel-Razeq S et al. Fetal inflammatory response in women with proteomic biomarkers characteristic of intra-amniotic inflammation and preterm birth. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 2009; 116: 257–67.
12. Burton GJ, Jauniaux E. Oxidative stress. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology 2010; doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2010.10.016.
13. Chappell LC, Seed PT, Briley AL et al. Effect of antioxidants on the occurrence of preeclampsia in women at increased risk: a randomised trial. Lancet 1999; 354 (9181): 810–6.
14. Crane FL, Navas P. The diversity of coenzyme Q function. Mol Aspects Med 1997; 18 (Suppl.): S1–S6.
15. Debier C, Larondelle Y. Vitamins A and E: metabolism, roles and transfer to offspring. Br J Nutr 2005; 93: 153e74.
16. Dheen ST, Tay SS, Boran J. Recent studies on neural tube defects in embryos of diabetic pregnancy: an overview. Curr Med Chem 2009; 16: 2345e54.
17. Ghate J, Choudhari AR, Ghygare B, Singh R. Antioxidant Role of Vitamin C in normal Pregnancy. Biomed Res 2011; 22 (1): 49–51.
18. Goh YI, Bollano E, Einarson TR, Koren G. Prenatal multivitamin supplementation and rates of congenital anomalies: A meta-analysis. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2006; 28: 680–9.
19. Greenberg JA, Bell SJ, Van Ausdal W. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation during pregnancy. Rev Obstet Gynecol 2008; 1 (4): 162–9.
20. Joshi R, Adhikari S, Patro BS et al. Free radical scavenging behavior of folic acid: evidence for possible antioxidant activity. Free Radic Biol Med 2001; 30 (12): 1390–9.
21. Joshi SR, Mehendale SS, Dangat KD et al. High maternal plasma antioxidant concentrations associated with preterm delivery. Ann Nutr Metab 2008; 53: 276–82.
22. Klemmensen AK, Tabor A, Østerdal ML et al. Intake of vitamin C and E in pregnancy and risk of preeclampsia: prospective study among 57 346 women. BJOG An Int J Obstet Gynaecol 2009; 116 (7): 964–74.
23. Knuppel RA, Hassan MI, McDermott JJ et al. Oxidative stress and antioxidants: preterm birth and preterm infants, preterm birth – mother and child. J.Morrison (Ed.). 2012. http://www.intechopen.com
24. Kramer MS, Kahn SR, Platt RW. Antioxidant vitamins, long-chain fatty acids, and spontaneous preterm birth. Epidemiology 2009; 20: 707–13.
25. Makrides M, Gibson RA, McPhee AJ. Effect of DHA supplementation during pregnancy on maternal depression and neurodevelopment of young children. JAMA 2010; 304: 1675–83.
26. McCance DR, Holmes VA, Maresh MJA et al. Vitamins C and E for prevention of preeclampsia in women with type 1 diabetes (DAPIT): a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2010; 376 (9737): 259–66.
27. Mert I, Oruc AS, Yuksel S. Role of oxidative stress in preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2012; 38 (4): 658–64. http://doi:10.1111/j.1447-0756.2011.01771.x
28. Mistry HD, Williams PJ. The importance of antioxidant micronutrients in pregnancy. Review article. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity Volume 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/841749
29. Morrison JC, Elliott J, Knuppel RA et al. Current issues and perspectives in prenatal nutrition. Res Reports Neonatol 2011; 1: 25–38.
30. Picciano MF, McGuire MK. Use of dietary supplements by pregnant and lactating women in North America. Am J Clin Nutr 2009 (Suppl. 89): 663S–667S.
31. Poston L, Briley AL, Seed PT et al. Vitamin C and vitamin E in pregnant women at risk for pre-eclampsia (VIP trial): randomized placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2006; 367: 1145–54.
32. Pressman EK, Thornburg LL, Glantz JC. Inflammatory cytokines and antioxidants in midtrimester amniotic fluid: correlation with pregnancy outcome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2011; 204: 155.e1–7.
33. Rumbold A, Duley L, Crowther CA, Haslam RR. Antioxidants for preventing pre-eclampsia. Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2008; doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004227.pub3.
34. Saugstad OD. Oxidative stress in the newborn – a 30-year perspective. Biol Neonate 2005; 88: 228–36.
35. Sharma JB, Kumar A, Kumar A, Malhotra M. Effect of lycopene on pre-eclampsia and intra-uterine growth retardation in primigravidas. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2003; 81: 257–62.
36. Siddiqui IA, Jaleel A, Al Kadri HM et al. Biomarkers of oxidative stress in women with preeclampsia. Biomark Med 2013; 7 (2): 229–34. http://doi:10.2217/bmm.12.109
37. Stein P, Scholl TO, Schluter MD. Oxidative stress early in pregnancy and pregnancy outcome. Free Res 2008; 42: 841–8.
38. Teran EP, Hernandez I, Nieto B et al. Coenzyme Q10 supplementation during pregnancy reduces the risk of preeclampsia. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2009; 105: 43–5.
39. Teran EP, Racines-Orbe M, Vivero S et al. Preeclampsia is associated with a decrease in plasma coenzyme Q10 levels. Free Radic Biol Med 2003; 35 (11): 1453–6.
40. Tiano L, Belardinelli R, Carnevali P et al. Effect of coenzyme Q10 administration on endothelial function and extracellular superoxide dismutase in patients with ischaemic heart disease: a double-blind, randomized controlled study. Eur Heart J 2007; 28: 2249–55.
41. Trindade CEP. Microelements and vitamins in the nutrition of very low-birthweight preterm infants: a Brazilian perspective. Neo Rev 2007; 8: 3–13.
42. Vadillo-Ortega F, Perichart-Perera O, Espino S et al. Effect of supplementation during pregnancy with L-arginine and antioxidant vitamins in medical food on preeclampsia in high risk population: randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2011; 342: d2901.
43. Venn BJ, Green TJ, Moser R et al. Increases in blood folate indices are similar in women of childbearing age supplemented with [6S]-5-methyltetrahydrofolate and folic acid. J Nutr 2002; 132: 335–5.
44. VillarJ, Purwar M, Merialdi M et al. World Health Organisation multicentre randomised trial of supplementation with vitamins C and E among pregnant women at high risk for preeclampsia in populations of low nutritional status from developing countries. BJOG An Int J Obstet Gynaecol 2009; 116 (6): 780–8.
45. Walsh SW, Vaughan JE, Wang Y, Roberts LJ. Placental isoprostane is significantly increased in preeclampsia. FASEB J 2000; 14: 1289–96.
46. Watanabe K, Mori T, Iwasaki A. Increased oxygen free radical production during pregnancy may impair vascular reactivity in preeclamptic women. Hypertens Res 2013; 36 (4): 356–60. http://doi:10.1038/hr.2012.208
47. Wibowo N, Purwosunu Y, Sekizawa A. Antioxidant supplementation in pregnant women with low antioxidant status. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2012; 38 (9): 1152–61. http://doi:10.1111/j.1447-0756.2012.01855.x
48. Wilson RD, Johnson JA, Wyatt P et al. Pre-conceptional vitamin/folic acid supplementation 2007: The use of folic acid in combination with a multivitamin supplement for the prevention of neural tube defects and other congenital anomalies. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2007; 29: 1003–6.
49. Xu H, Perez-Cuevas R, Xiong X. An international trial of antioxidants in the prevention of preeclampsia (INTAPP). Am J Obstet Gynecol 2010; 202: 239.e1-10.
50. Yu J, Feng L, Hu Y, Zhou Y. Effects of SAC on oxidative stress and NO availability in placenta: potential benefits to preeclampsia. Placenta 2012; 33 (6): 487 94. http://doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2012.02.015
________________________________________________
1. Владимиров Ю.А., Проскурнина Е.В. Свободные радикалы и клеточная хемилюминесценция. Успехи биол. химии. 2009; 49: 341.
2. Доброхотова Ю.Э., Иванова Т.А., Гуляева Н.В. и др. Окислительный стресс в плаценте при физиологической и патологически протекающей беременности. Рос. вестн. акушера-гинеколога. 2008; 6: 33–6.
3. Зенков Н.К., Ланкин В.З., Меньщикова Е.Б. Окислительный стресс: Биохимический и патофизиологический аспекты. М.: Наука/ Интерпериодика, 2001.
4. Измайлов Д.Ю., Демин Е.В., Владимиров Ю.А. Определение активности антиоксидантов методом измерения кинетики хемилюминесценции. Фотобиология и фотомедицина. 2011; 2: 17–20.
5. Меньщикова Е.Б., Зенков Н.К., Ланкин В.З. и др. Окислительный стресс: Патологические состояния и заболевания. Новосибирск: АРТА, 2008.
6. Шалина Р.И., Канзапетов М.Р. Антиоксиданты и их роль в акушерской практике. Гинекология. 2013; 15 (5): 3–7.
7. Ших Е.В. Взаимодействия компонентов витаминно-минеральных комплексов и рациональная витаминотерапия. РМЖ. 2004; 17: 8–15.
8. Auten RL, Davis JM. Oxygen toxicity and reactive oxygen species: the devil is in the details. Pediatr Res 2009; 66: 121e7.
9. Beazley D, Ahokas R, Livingston J et al. Vitamin C and E supplementation in women at high risk for preeclampsia: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005; 192 (2): 520–1.
10. Boutet M, Roland L, Thomas N, Bilodeau JF. Specific systemic antioxidant response to preeclampsia in late pregnancy: the study of intracellular glutathione peroxidases in maternal and fetal blood. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2009; 200: 530.e1–530.e7.
11. Buhimschi CS, Dulay AT, Abdel-Razeq S et al. Fetal inflammatory response in women with proteomic biomarkers characteristic of intra-amniotic inflammation and preterm birth. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 2009; 116: 257–67.
12. Burton GJ, Jauniaux E. Oxidative stress. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology 2010; doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2010.10.016.
13. Chappell LC, Seed PT, Briley AL et al. Effect of antioxidants on the occurrence of preeclampsia in women at increased risk: a randomised trial. Lancet 1999; 354 (9181): 810–6.
14. Crane FL, Navas P. The diversity of coenzyme Q function. Mol Aspects Med 1997; 18 (Suppl.): S1–S6.
15. Debier C, Larondelle Y. Vitamins A and E: metabolism, roles and transfer to offspring. Br J Nutr 2005; 93: 153e74.
16. Dheen ST, Tay SS, Boran J. Recent studies on neural tube defects in embryos of diabetic pregnancy: an overview. Curr Med Chem 2009; 16: 2345e54.
17. Ghate J, Choudhari AR, Ghygare B, Singh R. Antioxidant Role of Vitamin C in normal Pregnancy. Biomed Res 2011; 22 (1): 49–51.
18. Goh YI, Bollano E, Einarson TR, Koren G. Prenatal multivitamin supplementation and rates of congenital anomalies: A meta-analysis. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2006; 28: 680–9.
19. Greenberg JA, Bell SJ, Van Ausdal W. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation during pregnancy. Rev Obstet Gynecol 2008; 1 (4): 162–9.
20. Joshi R, Adhikari S, Patro BS et al. Free radical scavenging behavior of folic acid: evidence for possible antioxidant activity. Free Radic Biol Med 2001; 30 (12): 1390–9.
21. Joshi SR, Mehendale SS, Dangat KD et al. High maternal plasma antioxidant concentrations associated with preterm delivery. Ann Nutr Metab 2008; 53: 276–82.
22. Klemmensen AK, Tabor A, Østerdal ML et al. Intake of vitamin C and E in pregnancy and risk of preeclampsia: prospective study among 57 346 women. BJOG An Int J Obstet Gynaecol 2009; 116 (7): 964–74.
23. Knuppel RA, Hassan MI, McDermott JJ et al. Oxidative stress and antioxidants: preterm birth and preterm infants, preterm birth – mother and child. J.Morrison (Ed.). 2012. http://www.intechopen.com
24. Kramer MS, Kahn SR, Platt RW. Antioxidant vitamins, long-chain fatty acids, and spontaneous preterm birth. Epidemiology 2009; 20: 707–13.
25. Makrides M, Gibson RA, McPhee AJ. Effect of DHA supplementation during pregnancy on maternal depression and neurodevelopment of young children. JAMA 2010; 304: 1675–83.
26. McCance DR, Holmes VA, Maresh MJA et al. Vitamins C and E for prevention of preeclampsia in women with type 1 diabetes (DAPIT): a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2010; 376 (9737): 259–66.
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Авторы
И.В.Бахарева
ГБОУ ВПО Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И.Пирогова Минздрава России, Москва
ГБОУ ВПО Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И.Пирогова Минздрава России, Москва
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I.V.Bakhareva
Цель портала OmniDoctor – предоставление профессиональной информации врачам, провизорам и фармацевтам.