Fast track (FT)-хирургия (от англ. fast track – быстрый путь) – программы комплексного лечения, включающие подготовку на предоперационном этапе, использование минимально инвазивных техник выполнения оперативного вмешательства и активное ведение послеоперационного периода, с целью уменьшения сроков стационарного лечения, времени реабилитации и максимально быстрого возвращения пациентов к обычной жизни.
Впервые принципы программ FT были сформулированы в конце ХХ в. Henrik Kehlet и изначально внедрены в кардиохирургии, колопроктологии и онкологии, но постепенно стали завоевывать признание и в других хирургических направлениях.
Собственный опыт применения FT-протоколов у гинекологических больных показал, что они позволяют улучшить течение раннего послеоперационного периода, не оказывают негативного влияния на отдаленные исходы и частоту повторных госпитализаций, позволяют значительно сократить сроки восстановления после операции и повысить удовлетворенность пациенток проведенным лечением. Ключевые слова: fast track, послеоперационная реабилитация.
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Fast track (FT) surgery – a comprehensive treatment program, including training in the preoperative phase, the use of minimally invasive techniques of surgical intervention and active management of the postoperative period, in order to reduce the timing of hospital treatment, the time rehabilitation and patients as quickly as possible to return to normal life.
For the first time the principles of FT programs were formulated in the late twentieth century. Henrik Kehlet and initially introduced in cardiac surgery, сoloproctology and oncology, but gradually began to gain recognition in other surgical areas.
Own experience of FT-protocols in gynecologic patients has shown that they can improve during the early postoperative period, no adverse effects on long-term outcomes and readmission rates, can significantly reduce the time of recovery after the operation and increase the satisfaction of patients of the treatment.. Key words: fast track surgerу, postoperative care.
1. Kehlet H. Multimodal approach to control postoperative pathophysiology and rehabilitation. Br J Anaesth 1997; 78: 606–17.
2. Lassen K, Soop M, Nygren J et al. Consensus review of optimal perioperative care in colorectal surgery: enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) Group recommendations. Archives of Surgery 2009; 144 (10): 961–9.
3. Varadhan K, Neal K, Dejong CHC et al. The enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathway for patients undergoing major elective open colorectal surgery: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Clinical Nutrition 2010; 29 (4): 434–40.
4. Carter J, Philp S, Arora A. Fast track gynaecologic surgery in the overweight and obese patient. Int J Clin Med 2010; 1 (2): 64–9.
5. Carter J, Philp S, Arora V. Poster presentation. Extended experience with an enhanced surgical recovery program. Proceedings of the 13th Biennial Meeting of the International Gynecologic Cancer Society. Czech Republic European Union, Prague 2010.
6. Carter J, Philp S, Arora V. Discharge on postop day 2 after major gynaecological surgery. Is it possible? Oral Presentation 25th Annual Scientific Meeting Australian Society of Gynaecological Oncologists. March 2010; Bunker Bay, Western Australia.
7. Carter J, Szabo R, Sim WW et al. Fast track surgery in gynaecological oncology. A clinical audit. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 2010; 50 (2): 159–63.
8. Carter J, Philp S. Assessing outcomes after fast track surgical management of corpus cancer. Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2011; 1 (3): 139–43.
9. Carter J, Philp S. Development and Extended Experience with a Fast Track Surgery Program. Queenstown, New Zealand: Australian Society of Gynaecological Oncologists Annual Scientifc Meeting Millbrook Resort; 2011.
10. Carter J, Philp S, Arora V. Early discharge after major gynaecological surgery: advantages of fast track surgery. Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2011; 1 (1): 1–5.
11. Selye H. General adaptation syndrome and the diseases of adaptation. J Clin Endocrinol 1946; 6: 117–230.
12. Güenaga KK, Matos D, Wille-Jørgensen P. Mechanical bowel preparation for elective colorectal surgery. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009; 1: CD001544.
13. Delaney CP. Clinical perspective on postoperative ileus and the effect of opiates. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2009; 16: 61–6.
14. Dierking G, Duedahl TH, Rasmussen ML et al. Effects of gabapentin on postoperative morphine consumption and pain after abdominal hysterectomy: a randomized, double-blind trial. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 2004; 48 (3): 322–7.
15. Turan A, Karamanlioğlu B, Memiş D et al. The analgesic effects of gabapentin after total abdominal hysterectomy. Anesthesia and Analgesia 2004; 98 (5): 1370–3.
16. Gilron I, Orr E, Tu D. A placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial of perioperative administration of gabapentin, rofecoxib and their combination for spontaneous and movement-evoked pain after abdominal hysterectomy. Pain 2005; 113: 191–200.
17. Fassoulaki A, Stamatakis E, Petropoulos G et al. Gabapentin attenuates late but not acute pain after abdominal hysterectomy. Eur J Anaesthesiology 2006; 23 (2): 136–41.
18. Sen H, Sizlan A, Yanarates O et al. A comparison of gabapentin and ketamine in acute and chronic pain after hysterectomy. Anesthesia and Analgesia 2009; 109 (5): 1645–50.
19. Ajori L, Nazari L, Mazloomfard MM, Amiri Z. Effects of gabapentin on postoperative pain, nausea and vomiting after abdominal hysterectomy: a double blind randomized clinical trial. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2011: 1–6.
20. Anesthesiology. 2010 Jan; 112 (1): 220–5. Doi: 0.1097/ALN.0b013e3181c6316e.
21. Kalff JC, Schraut WH, Simmons RL et al. Surgical manipulation of the gut elicits an intestinal muscularis inflammatory response resulting in postsurgical ileus. Ann Surg 1998; 228: 652–3.
22. Abraham NS, Byrne CM, Young JM et al. Meta-analysis of non-randomized comparative studies of the short-term outcomes of laparoscopic resection for colorectal cancer. Aust NZ J Surg 2007; 77: 508–16.
23. Cheatham ML, Chapman WC, Key SP et al. A meta-analysis of selective versus routine nasogastric decompression after elective laparotomy. Ann Surg 1995; 221: 469–76.
24. Lindgren PG, Nordgren SR, Oresland T et al. Midline or trasverse abdominal incision for right-sided colon cancer – a randomized trial. Colorectal Dis 2001; 3: 46–50.
25. Moiniche S, Hjorsto N-S, Hansen BL. The effect of balanced analgesia on early convalescence after major orthopedic surgery. ActaAnesthesiologica Scandinavica 2004; 38: 328–35.
26. Rodgers A, Walker N, Schug S et al. Reduction of postoperative mortality and morbidity with epidural or spinal anaesthesia: results from overview of randomised trials. BMJ 2009; 321: 1–12.
27. Национальный стандарт РФ, протокол ведения больных. Профилактика тромбоэмболии легочной артерии. Утвержден Приказом Федерального агентства по техническому регулированию и метрологии от 18 декабря 2008 г. №570-ст ГОСТ
Р 52600.6–2008, с изменениями, внесенными Приказом Ростехрегулирования от 31.12.2008 №4196. / Natsional'nyi standart RF, protokol vedeniia bol'nykh. Profilaktika tromboembolii legochnoi arterii. Utverzhden Prikazom Federal'nogo agentstva po tekhnicheskomu regulirovaniiu i metrologii ot 18 dekabria 2008 g. №570-st GOST R 52600.6–2008, s izmeneniiami, vnesennymi Prikazom Rostekhregulirovaniia ot 31.12.2008 №4196. [in Russian]
28. Holte K, Klarskov B, Christensen DS et al. Liberal versus restrictive fluid administration to improve recovery after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a randomized, double-blind study. Ann Surg 2004; 240: 892–9.
29. Nisanevich V, Felsenstein I, Almogy G et al. Effect of intraoperative fluid management on outcome after intraabdominal surgery. Anesthesiology 2005; 103: 25–32.
30. Sessler DI. Mild perioperative hypothermia. N Engl J Med 1997; 336: 1730–7.
31. Robinson JO. Surgical drainage: a historical perspective. Br J Surg 1986; 73: 422–6.
32. Ramírez JM, Blasco JA, Roig J et al. Enhanced recovery in colorectal surgery: a multicentre study. BMC Surgery 2011; 11: p. 9.
33. Harper CM, Lyles UM. Physiology and complications after bed rest. J Am Geriatric Society 1998; 36: 1047–54.
________________________________________________
1. Kehlet H. Multimodal approach to control postoperative pathophysiology and rehabilitation. Br J Anaesth 1997; 78: 606–17.
2. Lassen K, Soop M, Nygren J et al. Consensus review of optimal perioperative care in colorectal surgery: enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) Group recommendations. Archives of Surgery 2009; 144 (10): 961–9.
3. Varadhan K, Neal K, Dejong CHC et al. The enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathway for patients undergoing major elective open colorectal surgery: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Clinical Nutrition 2010; 29 (4): 434–40.
4. Carter J, Philp S, Arora A. Fast track gynaecologic surgery in the overweight and obese patient. Int J Clin Med 2010; 1 (2): 64–9.
5. Carter J, Philp S, Arora V. Poster presentation. Extended experience with an enhanced surgical recovery program. Proceedings of the 13th Biennial Meeting of the International Gynecologic Cancer Society. Czech Republic European Union, Prague 2010.
6. Carter J, Philp S, Arora V. Discharge on postop day 2 after major gynaecological surgery. Is it possible? Oral Presentation 25th Annual Scientific Meeting Australian Society of Gynaecological Oncologists. March 2010; Bunker Bay, Western Australia.
7. Carter J, Szabo R, Sim WW et al. Fast track surgery in gynaecological oncology. A clinical audit. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 2010; 50 (2): 159–63.
8. Carter J, Philp S. Assessing outcomes after fast track surgical management of corpus cancer. Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2011; 1 (3): 139–43.
9. Carter J, Philp S. Development and Extended Experience with a Fast Track Surgery Program. Queenstown, New Zealand: Australian Society of Gynaecological Oncologists Annual Scientifc Meeting Millbrook Resort; 2011.
10. Carter J, Philp S, Arora V. Early discharge after major gynaecological surgery: advantages of fast track surgery. Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2011; 1 (1): 1–5.
11. Selye H. General adaptation syndrome and the diseases of adaptation. J Clin Endocrinol 1946; 6: 117–230.
12. Güenaga KK, Matos D, Wille-Jørgensen P. Mechanical bowel preparation for elective colorectal surgery. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009; 1: CD001544.
13. Delaney CP. Clinical perspective on postoperative ileus and the effect of opiates. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2009; 16: 61–6.
14. Dierking G, Duedahl TH, Rasmussen ML et al. Effects of gabapentin on postoperative morphine consumption and pain after abdominal hysterectomy: a randomized, double-blind trial. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 2004; 48 (3): 322–7.
15. Turan A, Karamanlioğlu B, Memiş D et al. The analgesic effects of gabapentin after total abdominal hysterectomy. Anesthesia and Analgesia 2004; 98 (5): 1370–3.
16. Gilron I, Orr E, Tu D. A placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial of perioperative administration of gabapentin, rofecoxib and their combination for spontaneous and movement-evoked pain after abdominal hysterectomy. Pain 2005; 113: 191–200.
17. Fassoulaki A, Stamatakis E, Petropoulos G et al. Gabapentin attenuates late but not acute pain after abdominal hysterectomy. Eur J Anaesthesiology 2006; 23 (2): 136–41.
18. Sen H, Sizlan A, Yanarates O et al. A comparison of gabapentin and ketamine in acute and chronic pain after hysterectomy. Anesthesia and Analgesia 2009; 109 (5): 1645–50.
19. Ajori L, Nazari L, Mazloomfard MM, Amiri Z. Effects of gabapentin on postoperative pain, nausea and vomiting after abdominal hysterectomy: a double blind randomized clinical trial. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2011: 1–6.
20. Anesthesiology. 2010 Jan; 112 (1): 220–5. Doi: 0.1097/ALN.0b013e3181c6316e.
21. Kalff JC, Schraut WH, Simmons RL et al. Surgical manipulation of the gut elicits an intestinal muscularis inflammatory response resulting in postsurgical ileus. Ann Surg 1998; 228: 652–3.
22. Abraham NS, Byrne CM, Young JM et al. Meta-analysis of non-randomized comparative studies of the short-term outcomes of laparoscopic resection for colorectal cancer. Aust NZ J Surg 2007; 77: 508–16.
23. Cheatham ML, Chapman WC, Key SP et al. A meta-analysis of selective versus routine nasogastric decompression after elective laparotomy. Ann Surg 1995; 221: 469–76.
24. Lindgren PG, Nordgren SR, Oresland T et al. Midline or trasverse abdominal incision for right-sided colon cancer – a randomized trial. Colorectal Dis 2001; 3: 46–50.
25. Moiniche S, Hjorsto N-S, Hansen BL. The effect of balanced analgesia on early convalescence after major orthopedic surgery. ActaAnesthesiologica Scandinavica 2004; 38: 328–35.
26. Rodgers A, Walker N, Schug S et al. Reduction of postoperative mortality and morbidity with epidural or spinal anaesthesia: results from overview of randomised trials. BMJ 2009; 321: 1–12.
27. Natsional'nyi standart RF, protokol vedeniia bol'nykh. Profilaktika tromboembolii legochnoi arterii. Utverzhden Prikazom Federal'nogo agentstva po tekhnicheskomu regulirovaniiu i metrologii ot 18 dekabria 2008 g. №570-st GOST R 52600.6–2008, s izmeneniiami, vnesennymi Prikazom Rostekhregulirovaniia ot 31.12.2008 №4196. [in Russian]
28. Holte K, Klarskov B, Christensen DS et al. Liberal versus restrictive fluid administration to improve recovery after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a randomized, double-blind study. Ann Surg 2004; 240: 892–9.
29. Nisanevich V, Felsenstein I, Almogy G et al. Effect of intraoperative fluid management on outcome after intraabdominal surgery. Anesthesiology 2005; 103: 25–32.
30. Sessler DI. Mild perioperative hypothermia. N Engl J Med 1997; 336: 1730–7.
31. Robinson JO. Surgical drainage: a historical perspective. Br J Surg 1986; 73: 422–6.
32. Ramírez JM, Blasco JA, Roig J et al. Enhanced recovery in colorectal surgery: a multicentre study. BMC Surgery 2011; 11: p. 9.
33. Harper CM, Lyles UM. Physiology and complications after bed rest. J Am Geriatric Society 1998; 36: 1047–54.
Авторы
К.В.Пучков*1–3, В.В.Коренная4, Н.М.Подзолкова4
1. ГБОУ ВПО Рязанский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П.Павлова Минздрава России. 390026, Россия, Рязань, ул. Высоковольтная, д. 9;
2. Швейцарская университетская клиника. 109240, Россия, Москва, ул. Николоямская, д. 19, стр. 1;
3. Центр клинической и экспериментальной хирургии. 109240, Россия, Москва, ул. Николоямская, д. 19, стр. 1;
4. ГБОУ ДПО Российская медицинская академия последипломного образования Минздрава России.
125993, Россия, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1
*puchkovkv@mail.ru
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K.V.Puchkov*1–3, V.V.Korennaya4, N.M.Podzolkova4
1. I.P.Pavlov Ryazan State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 390026, Russian Federation, Riazan', ul. Vysokovol'tnaia, d. 9;
2. Swiss University Clinic. 109240, Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. Nikoloiamskaia, d. 19, str. 1;
3. Center for Clinical and Experimental Surgery. 109240, Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. Nikoloiamskaia, d. 19, str. 1;
4. Russian Medical Academy for Postgraduate Education of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 123995, Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. Barrikadnaia, d. 2/1
*puchkovkv@mail.ru