В период менопаузального перехода у женщин развиваются вазомоторные и психосоматические симптомы. Патогенез этих симптомов связан не только с дефицитом эстрогенов, но и со старением гипоталамо-гипофизарной системы. Мелатонин – мощный гормональный адаптоген, участвующий в работе всех звеньев репродуктивной системы, в том числе на рецепторном уровне. Для оценки его эффективности в терапии климактерических симптомов в исследование были включены 55 женщин в возрасте 45–65 лет. Все участницы исследования получали мелатонин – препарат Мелаксен («Юнифарм, Инк.») в дозе 3 мг в течение 3 мес. На фоне терапии было отмечено уменьшение интенсивности климактерических симптомов по климактерической шкале Грина с 40,96 до 21,36 (47,92%) и улучшение показателей сна по Питтсбургской шкале качества сна с 16,60±4,03 до 7,33±1,95 балла. Таким образом, мелатонин в дозе 3 мг – эффективный метод терапии климактерических симптомов. Ключевые слова: климактерические симптомы, лечение, мелатонин.
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During menopausal transition women develop vasomotor and psychosomatic symptoms. These symptoms stem both from estrogen deprivation and hypothalamic-pituitary system ageing. Melatonin is a powerful hormonal adaptogen, working at every level of reproductive system, down to receptor level. To measure its effect on climacteric symptoms, we enrolled 55 women between 45 and 65 y.o. All participants took 3 mg of melatonin – Melaxen (Unipharm, Inc.) for 3 months. During the therapy we observed marked reduction of symptoms from 40.96 to 21.36 (47.92%) on Greene Climacteric Scale and sleep improvement from 16.60±4.03 to 7.33±1.95 on Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Melatonin 3 mg is an effective method of climacteric symptoms therapy. Key words: menopausal symptoms, treatment, melatonin.
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3. Nelson HD, Haney E, Humphrey L et al. Management of menopause-related symptoms. Evid Rep Technol Assess (Summ) 2005; 120: 1–6.
4. Сметник В.П., Ильина Л.М. Роль половых гормонов в развитии метаболических расстройств у женщин в пери- и ранней постменопаузе. Климактерий. 2009; 1: 8–13. / Smetnik V.P., Il'ina L.M. Rol' polovykh gormonov v razvitii metabolicheskikh rasstroistv u zhenshchin v peri- i rannei postmenopauze. Klimakterii. 2009; 1: 8–13. [in Russian]
5. North American Menopause Society. Treatment of menopause-associated vasomotor symptoms: position statement of The North American Menopause Society. Menopause 2004; 11: 11–33.
6. Col NF, Guthrie JR, Politi M, Dennerstein L. Duration of vasomotor symptoms in middle-aged women: a longitudinal study. Menopause 2009; 16:453–7.
7. Politi MC, Schleinitz MD, Col NF. Revisting the duration of vasomotor symptoms of menopause: a meta-analysis. J Gen Intern Med 2008; 23: 1507–13.
8. Freeman EW, Sammel MD, Lin H et al. Duration of menopausal hot flushes and associated risk factors. Obstet Gynecol 2011; 11 (5):1095–104.
9. Loprinzi CL, Barton DL. On hot flash mechanism, measurement, and treatment. Menopause 2009; 16: 621–3.
10. Freedman R. Pathophysiology and treatment of menopausal hot flashes. Semin Reprod Med 2005; 23 (2): 117–25.
11. Skurnick JH, Weiss G, Goldsmith LT et al. Longitudinal changes in hypothalamic and ovarian function in perimenopausal women with anovulatory cycles: relationship with vasomotor symptoms. Fertil Steril 2009; 91 (4):1127–34.
12. Rapkin AJ. Vasomotor symptoms in menopause: physiologic condition and central nervous system approaches to treatment. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2007; 196: 97—106.
13. Freedman RR, Benton MD, Genic RJ, Graydon FX. Cortical activation during menopausal hot flashes. Fertil Steril 2006; 85: 674–8.
14. Freeman EW, Sammel MD, Lin H et al. The role of anxiety and hormonal changes in menopausa hot flashes. Menopause 2005; 12: 258–66.
15. Juang KD, Wang SJ, Lu SR et al. Hot flashes are associated with psychological symptoms of anxiety and depression in peri- and post- but not premenopausal women. Maturitas 2005; 52: 119–26.
16. Hodis HN, MackWJ. Postmenopausal hormone therapy in clinical perspective. Menopause, 2007; 14 (5): 944–57.
17. Sturdee DW et al. Updated IMS recommendations on postmenopausal hormone therapy and preventive strategies for midlife health. Climacteric 2011; 14: 302–20.
18. Gompel A, Rozenberg S, Barlow DH. The EMAS 2008 update on clinical recommendations on postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy. Maturitas 2008; 61: 227–32.
19. Hill DA, Hill SR. Counseling patients about hormone therapy and alternatives for menopausal symptoms. Am Fam Physician 2010; 82: 801–7.
20. Tsai SA, Stefanick ML, Stafford RS. Trends in menopausal hormone therapy use of US office-based physicians, 2000–2009. Menopause 2011; 18: 385–92.
21. Kronenberg F, Cushman LF, Wade CM et al. Race/ethnicity and women`s use of complementary and alternative medicine in the United States: results of national survey. Am J Public Health 2006; 96: 1236–42.
22. Reddy SY, Warner H, Gutusso T et al. Gabapentin, estrogen and placebo for treating hot flashes. Obstet Gynecol 2006; 108: 41–8.
23. Fonken LK, Randy JN. The effects of light at night on circadian clocks and metabolism. Endocr Rev 2014; 35 (4): 648–70.
24. Tamura H, Takasaki A, Taketani T et al. Melatonin and female reproduction. J Bstet Gynaecol Res 2014; 40: 1–11.
25. Hill S, Belancio V, Dauchy R et al. Melatonin: an Inhibitor of Breast Cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2015; 22: 183–204.
26. Tsutsui K, Ubuka T, Bentley G et al. Review: regulatory mechanisms of gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) synthesis and release in photoperiodic animals. Front Neurosci 2013; 7: 60.
27. Toffol E, Kallenen N, Haukka J et al. Melatonin in perimenopausal and postmenopausal Women: associations with mood, sleep, climacteric symptoms, and quality of life. Menopause 2014; 21 (5): 493–500.
28. Greene J. Constructing a standard climacteric scale. Maturitas 2008; 61: 78–84.
29. Nunes D, Mota R, Machado M. Effect of melatonin administration on subjective sleep quality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Braz J Med Biol Res 2008; 41: 926–31.
30. Bruyneel M. Sleep disturbances in menopausal women: aetilogy and practical aspects. Maturitas 2015; 81: 406–9.
31. Parandavar N, Abdali K, Keshtgar S. The effect of melatonin on climacteric symptoms in menopausal women; a double-blind, randomized controlled, clinical trial. Iran J Public Health 2014; 43: 1405-16.
________________________________________________
1. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii. Akusherstvo i ginekologiia. Vyp. 2. Pod red. V.I.Kulakova. M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2008. [in Russian]
2. Genazzani AR, Gambacciani M, Simoncini T. Menopause and aging, quality of life and sexuality. Climacteric 2007; 10 (2): 88–96.
3. Nelson HD, Haney E, Humphrey L et al. Management of menopause-related symptoms. Evid Rep Technol Assess (Summ) 2005; 120: 1–6.
4. Smetnik V.P., Il'ina L.M. Rol' polovykh gormonov v razvitii metabolicheskikh rasstroistv u zhenshchin v peri- i rannei postmenopauze. Klimakterii. 2009; 1: 8–13. [in Russian]
5. North American Menopause Society. Treatment of menopause-associated vasomotor symptoms: position statement of The North American Menopause Society. Menopause 2004; 11: 11–33.
6. Col NF, Guthrie JR, Politi M, Dennerstein L. Duration of vasomotor symptoms in middle-aged women: a longitudinal study. Menopause 2009; 16:453–7.
7. Politi MC, Schleinitz MD, Col NF. Revisting the duration of vasomotor symptoms of menopause: a meta-analysis. J Gen Intern Med 2008; 23: 1507–13.
8. Freeman EW, Sammel MD, Lin H et al. Duration of menopausal hot flushes and associated risk factors. Obstet Gynecol 2011; 11 (5):1095–104.
9. Loprinzi CL, Barton DL. On hot flash mechanism, measurement, and treatment. Menopause 2009; 16: 621–3.
10. Freedman R. Pathophysiology and treatment of menopausal hot flashes. Semin Reprod Med 2005; 23 (2): 117–25.
11. Skurnick JH, Weiss G, Goldsmith LT et al. Longitudinal changes in hypothalamic and ovarian function in perimenopausal women with anovulatory cycles: relationship with vasomotor symptoms. Fertil Steril 2009; 91 (4):1127–34.
12. Rapkin AJ. Vasomotor symptoms in menopause: physiologic condition and central nervous system approaches to treatment. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2007; 196: 97—106.
13. Freedman RR, Benton MD, Genic RJ, Graydon FX. Cortical activation during menopausal hot flashes. Fertil Steril 2006; 85: 674–8.
14. Freeman EW, Sammel MD, Lin H et al. The role of anxiety and hormonal changes in menopausa hot flashes. Menopause 2005; 12: 258–66.
15. Juang KD, Wang SJ, Lu SR et al. Hot flashes are associated with psychological symptoms of anxiety and depression in peri- and post- but not premenopausal women. Maturitas 2005; 52: 119–26.
16. Hodis HN, MackWJ. Postmenopausal hormone therapy in clinical perspective. Menopause, 2007; 14 (5): 944–57.
17. Sturdee DW et al. Updated IMS recommendations on postmenopausal hormone therapy and preventive strategies for midlife health. Climacteric 2011; 14: 302–20.
18. Gompel A, Rozenberg S, Barlow DH. The EMAS 2008 update on clinical recommendations on postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy. Maturitas 2008; 61: 227–32.
19. Hill DA, Hill SR. Counseling patients about hormone therapy and alternatives for menopausal symptoms. Am Fam Physician 2010; 82: 801–7.
20. Tsai SA, Stefanick ML, Stafford RS. Trends in menopausal hormone therapy use of US office-based physicians, 2000–2009. Menopause 2011; 18: 385–92.
21. Kronenberg F, Cushman LF, Wade CM et al. Race/ethnicity and women`s use of complementary and alternative medicine in the United States: results of national survey. Am J Public Health 2006; 96: 1236–42.
22. Reddy SY, Warner H, Gutusso T et al. Gabapentin, estrogen and placebo for treating hot flashes. Obstet Gynecol 2006; 108: 41–8.
23. Fonken LK, Randy JN. The effects of light at night on circadian clocks and metabolism. Endocr Rev 2014; 35 (4): 648–70.
24. Tamura H, Takasaki A, Taketani T et al. Melatonin and female reproduction. J Bstet Gynaecol Res 2014; 40: 1–11.
25. Hill S, Belancio V, Dauchy R et al. Melatonin: an Inhibitor of Breast Cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2015; 22: 183–204.
26. Tsutsui K, Ubuka T, Bentley G et al. Review: regulatory mechanisms of gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) synthesis and release in photoperiodic animals. Front Neurosci 2013; 7: 60.
27. Toffol E, Kallenen N, Haukka J et al. Melatonin in perimenopausal and postmenopausal Women: associations with mood, sleep, climacteric symptoms, and quality of life. Menopause 2014; 21 (5): 493–500.
28. Greene J. Constructing a standard climacteric scale. Maturitas 2008; 61: 78–84.
29. Nunes D, Mota R, Machado M. Effect of melatonin administration on subjective sleep quality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Braz J Med Biol Res 2008; 41: 926–31.
30. Bruyneel M. Sleep disturbances in menopausal women: aetilogy and practical aspects. Maturitas 2015; 81: 406–9.
31. Parandavar N, Abdali K, Keshtgar S. The effect of melatonin on climacteric symptoms in menopausal women; a double-blind, randomized controlled, clinical trial. Iran J Public Health 2014; 43: 1405-16.
Авторы
И.В.Кузнецова1, Д.И.Бурчаков*2
1. ГБОУ ВПО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М.Сеченова Минздрава России. 119991, Россия, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2;
2. ФГБУ Эндокринологический научный центр Минздрава России. 117036, Россия, Москва, ул. Дмитрия Ульянова, д. 11
*dr.burchakov@yandex.ru
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I.V.Kuznetsova1, D.I.Burchakov*2
1. I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 119991, Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. Trubetskaia, d. 8, str. 2;
2. Endocrinology research center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 117036, Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. Dmitria Ul'ianova, d. 11
*dr.burchakov@yandex.ru