Менопаузальная гормональная терапия в постменопаузе: качество жизни сегодня и в долгосрочной перспективе

1. Avis NE, Colvin A, Bromberger JT et al. Change in health-related quality of life over the menopausal transition in a multiethnic cohort of middle-aged women: Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation. Menopause 2009; 16: 860–9.
2. Moilanen J, Aalto A-M, Hemminki E et al. Prevalence of menopause symptoms and their association with lifestyle among Finnish middle-aged women. Maturitas 2010; 67: 368–74.
3. Savolainen-Peltonen H, Hautamaki H, Tuomikoski P et al. Health-related quality of life in women with or without hot flashes: a randomized placebo-controlled trial with hormone therapy. Menopause 2014; 21: 732–9.
4. Woods NF. Assessing menopause-specific quality of life in studies of the menopausal transition and early postmenopause. Menopause 2014; 21 (8): 792–3.
5. Rossouw JE, Manson JE, Kaunitz AM, Anderson GL. Lessons learned fr om the Women’s Health Initiative trials of menopausal hormone therapy. Obstet Gynecol 2013; 121: 172–6.
6. Baber RJ, Panay N, Fenton A and the IMS Writing Group NS 2016 IMS Recommendations on women’s midlife health and menopause hormone therapy. Climacteric 2016; 19 (2): 109–50.
7. Utian WH, Woods NF. Impact of hormone therapy on quality of life after menopause. Menopause 2013; 20: 1098–105.
8. Ylikangas S, Sintonen H, Heikkinen J. Decade-long use of continuous combined hormone replacement therapy is associated with better health-related quality of life in postmenopausal women, as measured by the generic 15D instrument. J Br Menopause Soc 2005; 11: 145–51.
9. Lobo RA, Davis SR, De Villiers TJ et al. Prevention of diseases after menopause. Climacteric 2014; 17: 1–17.
10. Utian WH, Janata JW, Kingsberg SA et al. The Utian Quality of Life (UQOL) Scale: development and validation of an instrument to quantify quality of life through and beyond menopause. Menopause 2002; 9 (6): 402–10.
11. Reid RL, Fortier MP. Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Quality of Life: Too Many Pyjamas. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2014; 36 (11): 953–4.
12. Geukes M, van Aalst MP, Nauta MCE, Oosterhof H. The impact of menopausal symptoms on work ability. Menopause 2012; 19: 278–82.
13. Jack G, Bariola E, Riach K et al. Work, women and the menopause: an Australian Exploratory Study. Climacteric 2014; 17 (Suppl. 2): 34.
14. Woods NF, Mitchell ES. Symptom interference with work and relationships during the menopausal transition and early postmenopause: observations from the Seattle MidlifeWomen’s Health Study. Menopause 2011; 18: 654–61. 
15. Jacka G, Riacha K, Bariolab E et al. Menopause in the workplace: What employers should be doing. Maturitas 2016; 85: 88–9.
16. Sarrel P, Portman D, Lefebvre P et al. Incremental direct and indirect costs of untreated vasomotor symptoms. Menopause 2014; 22 (3): 260–6
17. Katainen RE, Siirtola TJ, Engblom JR et al. A population-based survey of quality of life in middle-aged Finnish women. Menopause 2015; 22 (4): 402–13.
18. Salpeter SR, Buckley NS, Liu H, Salpeter EE. The cost-effectiveness of hormone therapy in younger and older postmenopausal women. 
Am J Med 2009; 122: 42–52.
19. Cray LA, Wods NF, Herting JR, Mitchell ES. Symptom clusters during the late reproductive stage through the early postmenopause: observations from the Seattle Midlife Women’s Health Study. Menopause 2012; 19: 864–86.
20. Epperson CN, Sammel MD, Freeman EW. Menopause effects on verbal memory: findings from a longitudinal community cohort. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98: 3829–38.
21. Weber MT, Maki PM, McDermott MP. Cognition and mood in perimenopause: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 142: 90–8.
22. Mitchell ES, Woods NF. Cognitive symptoms during the menopausal transition and early postmenopause. Climacteric 2011; 14: 252–61.
23. Drogos LL, Rubin LH, Geller SE et al. Objective cognitive performance is related to subjective memory complaints in midlife women with moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms. Menopause 2013; 20: 1236–12.
24. Campbell IG, Bromberger JT, Buysse DJ et al. Evaluation of the association of menopausal status with delta and beta EEG activity during sleep. Sleep 2011; 34: 1561–8.
25. Kravitz, HM, Joffe H. Sleep during the perimenopause: a SWAN story. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2011; 38: 567–86.
26. Moe KE. Hot flashes and sleep in women. Sleep Med Rev 2004; 8; 487–97.
27. BoggiaJ, Thijs L, Hansen TW et al. Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in 9357 Subjects From 11 Populations Highlights Missed Opportunities for Cardiovascular Prevention in Women. Hypertension 2011; 57: 397–405.
28. Mansell D, Salinas GD, Sanchez A et al. Attitudes toward management of decreased sexual desire in premenopausal women: a national survey of nurse practitioners and physician assistants. J Allied Health 2011; 40: 64–71.
29. Burger HG, Dennerstein L et al. A prospective longitudinal study of serum testosterone, dehydroepi and rosterone sulfate, and sex hormone-binding globulin levels through the menopause transition. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85: 2832–8.
30. Dennerstein L, Lehert P, Burger H et al. Sexuality. Am J Med 2005; 118 (12 Suppl. 2): 59–63.
31. Calleja-Aqius J, Brincat M. The effect of menopause on the skin and other connective tissues. Gynecol Endocrinol 2012; 28: 273–7.
32. Herman J, Rost-Roszkowska M, Skotnicka-Graca U et al. Skin care during the menopause period: noninvasive procedures of beauty studies. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2013; 30 (6): 388–95.
33. Herman J, Hall G, Phillips TJ. Estrogen and skin: the effects of estrogen, menopause, and hormone replacement therapy on the skin. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005; 53: 555–68.
34. Manson JE, Chlebowski RT, Stefanick ML et al. Menopausal hormone therapy and health outcomes during the intervention and extended post-stopping phases of the Women’s Health Initiative Randomized Trials. JAMA 2013; 310 (13): 1353–68.
35. Lobo RA. Wh ere are we 10 years after the Women’s Health Initiative? 
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98: 1771–80.
36. Schierbeck LL, Rejnmark L, Tofteng CL et al. Effect of hormone replacement therapy on cardiovascular events in recently postmenopausal women: randomized trial. BMJ 2012; 345: e6409.
37. Lobo RA. The hope for KEEPS. Climacteric 2015; 18: 108–9.
38. Hodis HN, Mack WJ, Shoupe D et al. Testing the menopausal hormone therapy timing hypothesis: the Early Vs Late Intervention Trial with Estradiol. Circulation 2014; 130: A13283.
39. Singh BV, Mehta JL. Interactions between the Renin-Angiotensin system and Dyslipidemia. Relevance in the therapy of hypertension and coronary heart disease. Arch Intern Med 2003; 163: 1296–304.
40. Wada Е, Ohshima S, Fujisawa E et al. Aldosterone Inhibits Insulin-Induced Glucose Uptake by Degradation of IRS1 and IRS2 via an ROS-Mediated Pathway in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Endocrinology 2009; 150 (4): 1662–9.
41. Gambacciani M, Rosano G, Cappagli B et al. Clinical and metabolic effects of drospirenone–estradiol in menopausal women: a prospective study Climacteric 2011; 14: 18–24.
42. Davison SL, Bell RJ, Robinson PJ et al. Continuous-combined oral estradiol/drospirenone has no detrimental effect on cognitive performance and improves estrogen deficiency symptoms in early postmenopausal women: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Menopause 2013; 20 (10): 1020–6.
43. Доброхотова Ю.Э., Корсунская И.М., Зеленская Е.М. и др. Анжелик: клиническая эффективность и влияние на некоторые лабораторные показатели. Гинекология. 2006; 8 (3): 51–3. / Dobrokhotova Iu.E., Korsunskaia I.M., Zelenskaia E.M. i dr. Anzhelik: klinicheskaia effektivnost' i vliianie na nekotorye laboratornye pokazateli. Ginekologiia. 2006; 8 (3): 51–3. [in Russian]
44. Моргулис Ю.В., Потекаев Н.Н., Корсунская И.М. Терапевтическая коррекция состояния кожи после хирургической менопаузы. Рус. мед. журн. 2008; 19: 1257–261. / Morgulis Iu.V., Potekaev N.N., Korsunskaia I.M. Terapevticheskaia korrektsiia sostoianiia kozhi posle khirurgicheskoi menopauzy. Rus. med. zhurn. 2008; 19: 1257–261. [in Russian]
45. Caprio M, Antelmi A, Chetrite G et al. Antiadipogenic effects of the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist drospirenone: potential implications for the treatment of metabolic syndrome. Endocrinology 2011; 152 (1): 113–25.
46. Tanko LB, Christiansen C. Effects of 17b-estradiol plus different doses of drospirenone on adipose tissue, adiponectin and atherogenic metabolites in post menopausal women. J Internal Med 2005; 258: 544–5.
47. Villa P, Suriano R, Ricciardi L et al. Low-doseestrogen and drospirenone combination: effects on glycoinsulinemicmetabolism and other cardiovascular risk factors in healthy postmenopausal women Fertil Steril 2011; 95: 158–63.
48. DeFranciscis P, Mainini G, Labriola D et al. Low-dose estrogen and drospirenone combination: effects on metabolism and endothelial function in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol 2013; 40 (2): 233–5.
49. Rizzo MR, Leo S, De Franciscis P et al. Short-term effects of low-dose estrogen/drospirenone vs low-dose estrogen/dydrogesterone on glycemic fluctuations in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome. Age 2014; 36 (1): 265–74.
50. Simoncini T, Fu XD, Caruso A et al. Drospirenone increases endothelial nitric oxide synthesis via a combined action on progesterone and mineralocorticoid receptors. Hum Reprod. 2007; 22: 2325–34.
51. Heinemann K, Assmann A, Dinger J. The Safety of Oral Hormone Replacement Therapy: Final Results from the EURAS-HRT Study. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Safety 2012; 21 (Suppl. 3): 36.
52. Duprez D, Toleuova A. Prehypertension and the Cardiometabolic Syndrome. Pathological and Clinical Consequences. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2013; 11 (12): 1725–33.
53. Bushnell C, McCullough LD, Awas IA et al. Guidelines for the prevention of stroke in women. A statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 2014; 45 (5): 1545–88.
54. Debette S, Seshadri S, Beiser A et al. Midlife vascular risk factor exposure accelerates structural brain aging and cognitive decline. Neurology 2011; 77: 461–8.
55. Gorelick PB. Blood Pressure and the Prevention of Cognitive Impairment. JAMA Neurol 2014; 71 (10): 1211–3.
56. Avis NE, Crawford SL, Greendale G et al; the Study of Women’s Health Acrossthe Nation (SWAN). Duration of menopausal vasomotor symptoms over the menopause transition. JAMA Intern Med 2015; 175 (4): 531–9.
57. Gartoulla P, Worsley R, Bell RJ, Davis SR. Moderate to severe vasomotor and sexual symptoms remain problematic for women aged 60 to 65 years. Menopause 2015; 22 (7): 694–701.
58. Gass MLS, Maki P, Shifren JL et al. NAMS supports judicious use of systemic hormone therapy for women aged 65 years and older. Menopause 2015; 22 (7): 685–6.
59. http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng23/chapter/Recommendations# long-term-benefits-and-risks-of-hormone-replacement-therapy
60. Stuenkel CA, Davis SR, Gompel A et al. Treatment of Symptoms of the Menopause: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100 (11): 3975–4011.
61. Archer DF, Schmelter Th, Schaefers M et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the lowest effective dose of drospirenone with 17b-estradiol for moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms in postmenopausal women. Menopause 2014; 21 (3): 227–35.
62. Genazzani AR, Schmelter T, Schaefers M et al. One-year randomized study of the endometrial safety and bleeding pattern of 0.25 mg drospirenone/0.5 mg 17b-estradiol in postmenopausal women. Climacteric 2013; 16: 490–8.
63. Neves-e-Castroa M, Birkhauser M, Samsioe G et al. EMAS position statement: The ten point guide to the integral management of menopausal health. Maturitas 2015; 81 (1): 88–92.
64. Менопаузальная гормонотерапия и сохранение здоровья женщин зрелого возраста. Клинические рекомендации (протокол лечения). Под ред. В.П.Сметник. М., 2015. / Menopauzal'naia gormonoterapiia i sokhranenie zdorov'ia zhenshchin zrelogo vozrasta. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii (protokol lecheniia). Pod red. V.P.Smetnik. M., 2015. [in Russian]

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1. Avis NE, Colvin A, Bromberger JT et al. Change in health-related quality of life over the menopausal transition in a multiethnic cohort of middle-aged women: Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation. Menopause 2009; 16: 860–9.
2. Moilanen J, Aalto A-M, Hemminki E et al. Prevalence of menopause symptoms and their association with lifestyle among Finnish middle-aged women. Maturitas 2010; 67: 368–74.
3. Savolainen-Peltonen H, Hautamaki H, Tuomikoski P et al. Health-related quality of life in women with or without hot flashes: a randomized placebo-controlled trial with hormone therapy. Menopause 2014; 21: 732–9.
4. Woods NF. Assessing menopause-specific quality of life in studies of the menopausal transition and early postmenopause. Menopause 2014; 21 (8): 792–3.
5. Rossouw JE, Manson JE, Kaunitz AM, Anderson GL. Lessons learned fr om the Women’s Health Initiative trials of menopausal hormone therapy. Obstet Gynecol 2013; 121: 172–6.
6. Baber RJ, Panay N, Fenton A and the IMS Writing Group NS 2016 IMS Recommendations on women’s midlife health and menopause hormone therapy. Climacteric 2016; 19 (2): 109–50.
7. Utian WH, Woods NF. Impact of hormone therapy on quality of life after menopause. Menopause 2013; 20: 1098–105.
8. Ylikangas S, Sintonen H, Heikkinen J. Decade-long use of continuous combined hormone replacement therapy is associated with better health-related quality of life in postmenopausal women, as measured by the generic 15D instrument. J Br Menopause Soc 2005; 11: 145–51.
9. Lobo RA, Davis SR, De Villiers TJ et al. Prevention of diseases after menopause. Climacteric 2014; 17: 1–17.
10. Utian WH, Janata JW, Kingsberg SA et al. The Utian Quality of Life (UQOL) Scale: development and validation of an instrument to quantify quality of life through and beyond menopause. Menopause 2002; 9 (6): 402–10.
11. Reid RL, Fortier MP. Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Quality of Life: Too Many Pyjamas. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2014; 36 (11): 953–4.
12. Geukes M, van Aalst MP, Nauta MCE, Oosterhof H. The impact of menopausal symptoms on work ability. Menopause 2012; 19: 278–82.
13. Jack G, Bariola E, Riach K et al. Work, women and the menopause: an Australian Exploratory Study. Climacteric 2014; 17 (Suppl. 2): 34.
14. Woods NF, Mitchell ES. Symptom interference with work and relationships during the menopausal transition and early postmenopause: observations from the Seattle MidlifeWomen’s Health Study. Menopause 2011; 18: 654–61. 
15. Jacka G, Riacha K, Bariolab E et al. Menopause in the workplace: What employers should be doing. Maturitas 2016; 85: 88–9.
16. Sarrel P, Portman D, Lefebvre P et al. Incremental direct and indirect costs of untreated vasomotor symptoms. Menopause 2014; 22 (3): 260–6
17. Katainen RE, Siirtola TJ, Engblom JR et al. A population-based survey of quality of life in middle-aged Finnish women. Menopause 2015; 22 (4): 402–13.
18. Salpeter SR, Buckley NS, Liu H, Salpeter EE. The cost-effectiveness of hormone therapy in younger and older postmenopausal women. 
Am J Med 2009; 122: 42–52.
19. Cray LA, Wods NF, Herting JR, Mitchell ES. Symptom clusters during the late reproductive stage through the early postmenopause: observations from the Seattle Midlife Women’s Health Study. Menopause 2012; 19: 864–86.
20. Epperson CN, Sammel MD, Freeman EW. Menopause effects on verbal memory: findings from a longitudinal community cohort. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98: 3829–38.
21. Weber MT, Maki PM, McDermott MP. Cognition and mood in perimenopause: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 142: 90–8.
22. Mitchell ES, Woods NF. Cognitive symptoms during the menopausal transition and early postmenopause. Climacteric 2011; 14: 252–61.
23. Drogos LL, Rubin LH, Geller SE et al. Objective cognitive performance is related to subjective memory complaints in midlife women with moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms. Menopause 2013; 20: 1236–12.
24. Campbell IG, Bromberger JT, Buysse DJ et al. Evaluation of the association of menopausal status with delta and beta EEG activity during sleep. Sleep 2011; 34: 1561–8.
25. Kravitz, HM, Joffe H. Sleep during the perimenopause: a SWAN story. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2011; 38: 567–86.
26. Moe KE. Hot flashes and sleep in women. Sleep Med Rev 2004; 8; 487–97.
27. BoggiaJ, Thijs L, Hansen TW et al. Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in 9357 Subjects From 11 Populations Highlights Missed Opportunities for Cardiovascular Prevention in Women. Hypertension 2011; 57: 397–405.
28. Mansell D, Salinas GD, Sanchez A et al. Attitudes toward management of decreased sexual desire in premenopausal women: a national survey of nurse practitioners and physician assistants. J Allied Health 2011; 40: 64–71.
29. Burger HG, Dennerstein L et al. A prospective longitudinal study of serum testosterone, dehydroepi and rosterone sulfate, and sex hormone-binding globulin levels through the menopause transition. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85: 2832–8.
30. Dennerstein L, Lehert P, Burger H et al. Sexuality. Am J Med 2005; 118 (12 Suppl. 2): 59–63.
31. Calleja-Aqius J, Brincat M. The effect of menopause on the skin and other connective tissues. Gynecol Endocrinol 2012; 28: 273–7.
32. Herman J, Rost-Roszkowska M, Skotnicka-Graca U et al. Skin care during the menopause period: noninvasive procedures of beauty studies. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2013; 30 (6): 388–95.
33. Herman J, Hall G, Phillips TJ. Estrogen and skin: the effects of estrogen, menopause, and hormone replacement therapy on the skin. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005; 53: 555–68.
34. Manson JE, Chlebowski RT, Stefanick ML et al. Menopausal hormone therapy and health outcomes during the intervention and extended post-stopping phases of the Women’s Health Initiative Randomized Trials. JAMA 2013; 310 (13): 1353–68.
35. Lobo RA. Wh ere are we 10 years after the Women’s Health Initiative? 
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98: 1771–80.
36. Schierbeck LL, Rejnmark L, Tofteng CL et al. Effect of hormone replacement therapy on cardiovascular events in recently postmenopausal women: randomized trial. BMJ 2012; 345: e6409.
37. Lobo RA. The hope for KEEPS. Climacteric 2015; 18: 108–9.
38. Hodis HN, Mack WJ, Shoupe D et al. Testing the menopausal hormone therapy timing hypothesis: the Early Vs Late Intervention Trial with Estradiol. Circulation 2014; 130: A13283.
39. Singh BV, Mehta JL. Interactions between the Renin-Angiotensin system and Dyslipidemia. Relevance in the therapy of hypertension and coronary heart disease. Arch Intern Med 2003; 163: 1296–304.
40. Wada Е, Ohshima S, Fujisawa E et al. Aldosterone Inhibits Insulin-Induced Glucose Uptake by Degradation of IRS1 and IRS2 via an ROS-Mediated Pathway in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Endocrinology 2009; 150 (4): 1662–9.
41. Gambacciani M, Rosano G, Cappagli B et al. Clinical and metabolic effects of drospirenone–estradiol in menopausal women: a prospective study Climacteric 2011; 14: 18–24.
42. Davison SL, Bell RJ, Robinson PJ et al. Continuous-combined oral estradiol/drospirenone has no detrimental effect on cognitive performance and improves estrogen deficiency symptoms in early postmenopausal women: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Menopause 2013; 20 (10): 1020–6.
43. Dobrokhotova Iu.E., Korsunskaia I.M., Zelenskaia E.M. i dr. Anzhelik: klinicheskaia effektivnost' i vliianie na nekotorye laboratornye pokazateli. Ginekologiia. 2006; 8 (3): 51–3. [in Russian]
44. Morgulis Iu.V., Potekaev N.N., Korsunskaia I.M. Terapevticheskaia korrektsiia sostoianiia kozhi posle khirurgicheskoi menopauzy. Rus. med. zhurn. 2008; 19: 1257–261. [in Russian]
45. Caprio M, Antelmi A, Chetrite G et al. Antiadipogenic effects of the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist drospirenone: potential implications for the treatment of metabolic syndrome. Endocrinology 2011; 152 (1): 113–25.
46. Tanko LB, Christiansen C. Effects of 17b-estradiol plus different doses of drospirenone on adipose tissue, adiponectin and atherogenic metabolites in post menopausal women. J Internal Med 2005; 258: 544–5.
47. Villa P, Suriano R, Ricciardi L et al. Low-doseestrogen and drospirenone combination: effects on glycoinsulinemicmetabolism and other cardiovascular risk factors in healthy postmenopausal women Fertil Steril 2011; 95: 158–63.
48. DeFranciscis P, Mainini G, Labriola D et al. Low-dose estrogen and drospirenone combination: effects on metabolism and endothelial function in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol 2013; 40 (2): 233–5.
49. Rizzo MR, Leo S, De Franciscis P et al. Short-term effects of low-dose estrogen/drospirenone vs low-dose estrogen/dydrogesterone on glycemic fluctuations in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome. Age 2014; 36 (1): 265–74.
50. Simoncini T, Fu XD, Caruso A et al. Drospirenone increases endothelial nitric oxide synthesis via a combined action on progesterone and mineralocorticoid receptors. Hum Reprod. 2007; 22: 2325–34.
51. Heinemann K, Assmann A, Dinger J. The Safety of Oral Hormone Replacement Therapy: Final Results from the EURAS-HRT Study. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Safety 2012; 21 (Suppl. 3): 36.
52. Duprez D, Toleuova A. Prehypertension and the Cardiometabolic Syndrome. Pathological and Clinical Consequences. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2013; 11 (12): 1725–33.
53. Bushnell C, McCullough LD, Awas IA et al. Guidelines for the prevention of stroke in women. A statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 2014; 45 (5): 1545–88.
54. Debette S, Seshadri S, Beiser A et al. Midlife vascular risk factor exposure accelerates structural brain aging and cognitive decline. Neurology 2011; 77: 461–8.
55. Gorelick PB. Blood Pressure and the Prevention of Cognitive Impairment. JAMA Neurol 2014; 71 (10): 1211–3.
56. Avis NE, Crawford SL, Greendale G et al; the Study of Women’s Health Acrossthe Nation (SWAN). Duration of menopausal vasomotor symptoms over the menopause transition. JAMA Intern Med 2015; 175 (4): 531–9.
57. Gartoulla P, Worsley R, Bell RJ, Davis SR. Moderate to severe vasomotor and sexual symptoms remain problematic for women aged 60 to 65 years. Menopause 2015; 22 (7): 694–701.
58. Gass MLS, Maki P, Shifren JL et al. NAMS supports judicious use of systemic hormone therapy for women aged 65 years and older. Menopause 2015; 22 (7): 685–6.
59. http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng23/chapter/Recommendations# long-term-benefits-and-risks-of-hormone-replacement-therapy
60. Stuenkel CA, Davis SR, Gompel A et al. Treatment of Symptoms of the Menopause: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100 (11): 3975–4011.
61. Archer DF, Schmelter Th, Schaefers M et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the lowest effective dose of drospirenone with 17b-estradiol for moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms in postmenopausal women. Menopause 2014; 21 (3): 227–35.
62. Genazzani AR, Schmelter T, Schaefers M et al. One-year randomized study of the endometrial safety and bleeding pattern of 0.25 mg drospirenone/0.5 mg 17b-estradiol in postmenopausal women. Climacteric 2013; 16: 490–8.
63. Neves-e-Castroa M, Birkhauser M, Samsioe G et al. EMAS position statement: The ten point guide to the integral management of menopausal health. Maturitas 2015; 81 (1): 88–92.
64. Menopauzal'naia gormonoterapiia i sokhranenie zdorov'ia zhenshchin zrelogo vozrasta. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii (protokol lecheniia). Pod red. V.P.Smetnik. M., 2015. [in Russian]

С.В.Юренева*, Л.М.Ильина, О.В.Якушевская 

ФГБУ Научный центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии им. акад. В.И.Кулакова Минздрава России. 117997, Россия, Москва, ул. Академика Опарина, д. 4
*syureneva@gmail.com

________________________________________________

S.V.Yureneva*, L.M.Ilyina, O.V.Yakushevskaya 

V.I.Kulakov Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 1179974, Russian 
Federation, Moscow, ul. Akademika Oparina, d. 4
*syureneva@gmail.com