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Толщина эндометрия: предиктор эффективности программ ЭКО/ICSI (обзор литературы)
Багдасарян Л.А., Корнеева И.Е. Толщина эндометрия: предиктор эффективности программ ЭКО/ICSI (обзор литературы). Гинекология. 2018;
20 (1): 113–116.
DOI: 10.26442/2079-5696_20.1.113-116
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Bagdasaryan L.A., Korneyeva I.E. Thickness of endometrium: predictor of the effectiveness of IVF/ICSI programs (literature review). Gynecology. 2018; 20 (1): 113–116. DOI: 10.26442/2079-5696_20.1.113-116
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Аннотация
Цель исследования – провести систематический анализ данных, имеющихся в современной литературе, о взаимосвязи между толщиной эндометрия и частотой наступления беременности в программе вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий (ВРТ).
Материалы и методы. В обзор включены данные зарубежных и отечественных статей, найденных в PubMed по данной теме.
Результаты. В статье приводятся данные о взаимосвязи толщины эндометрия и частоты наступления беременностей в программах ВРТ. Наибольшее число исследований посвящено оценке взаимосвязи толщины эндометрия с частотой наступления беременности в день введения триггера овуляции. Приведены данные о существовании корреляции между толщиной эндометрия, измеренной в день введения триггера овуляции, и частотой клинической беременности, а также данные о необходимости оценки структуры эндометрия и состояния субэндометриального кровотока. Подчеркнута важность наличия многослойного (трехслойного) эндометрия как прогностического маркера успеха в программах экстракорпорального оплодотворения/интрацитоплазматической инъекции сперматозоида в яйцеклетку.
Заключение. Толщина эндометрия не может быть использована в качестве аргумента для отмены цикла или отмены переноса эмбриона в полость матки.
Необходимы дальнейшие исследования в этом направлении с изучением морфологических и молекулярно-генетических характеристик эндометрия, которые в дальнейшем позволят оценить взаимосвязь между толщиной эндометрия и вероятностью наступления беременности.
Ключевые слова: вспомогательные репродуктивные технологии, бесплодие, толщина эндометрия, экстракорпоральное оплодотворение, тонкий эндометрий, имплантация эмбриона.
Материалы и методы. В обзор включены данные зарубежных и отечественных статей, найденных в PubMed по данной теме.
Результаты. В статье приводятся данные о взаимосвязи толщины эндометрия и частоты наступления беременностей в программах ВРТ. Наибольшее число исследований посвящено оценке взаимосвязи толщины эндометрия с частотой наступления беременности в день введения триггера овуляции. Приведены данные о существовании корреляции между толщиной эндометрия, измеренной в день введения триггера овуляции, и частотой клинической беременности, а также данные о необходимости оценки структуры эндометрия и состояния субэндометриального кровотока. Подчеркнута важность наличия многослойного (трехслойного) эндометрия как прогностического маркера успеха в программах экстракорпорального оплодотворения/интрацитоплазматической инъекции сперматозоида в яйцеклетку.
Заключение. Толщина эндометрия не может быть использована в качестве аргумента для отмены цикла или отмены переноса эмбриона в полость матки.
Необходимы дальнейшие исследования в этом направлении с изучением морфологических и молекулярно-генетических характеристик эндометрия, которые в дальнейшем позволят оценить взаимосвязь между толщиной эндометрия и вероятностью наступления беременности.
Ключевые слова: вспомогательные репродуктивные технологии, бесплодие, толщина эндометрия, экстракорпоральное оплодотворение, тонкий эндометрий, имплантация эмбриона.
________________________________________________
The aim of the study is to systematically analyze the data available in the modern literature on the relationship between endometrial thickness and the frequency of pregnancy in the program of assisted reproductive technologies (ART).
Materials and methods. The review includes data from foreign and domestic articles found in PubMed on this topic.
Results. The article presents data on the relationship between the thickness of the endometrium and the frequency of pregnancy in ART programs. The greatest number of studies is devoted to the evaluation of the relationship between the thickness of the endometrium and the frequency of pregnancy on the day of the ovulation trigger. Data are presented on the existence of a correlation between the thickness of the endometrium measured on the day of the ovulation trigger and the frequency of clinical pregnancy, as well as data on the need to evaluate the structure of the endometrium and the state of subendometric blood flow. The importance of multilayered (three-layered) endometrium as a prognostic marker of success in in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection programs in the ovum is emphasized.
The conclusion. The thickness of the endometrium can not be used as an argument for canceling the cycle or abolishing embryo transfer to the uterine cavity. Further studies in this direction are needed with a study of the morphological and molecular genetic characteristics of the endometrium, which in the future will allow us to evaluate the relationship between the thickness of the endometrium and the probability of pregnancy.
Key words: assisted reproductive technologies, infertility, endometrium thickness, in vitro fertilization, thin endometrium, embryo implantation.
Полный текст
Список литературы
1. Farquhar C, Rishworth JR, Brown J, Nelen WLDM, Marjoribanks J. Assisted reproductive technology: an overview of Cochrane Reviews. Cochrane Gynaecology and Fertility Group.
2. Mackens S, Santos-Ribeiro S, Vijver A et al. Frozen embryo transfer: a review on the optimal endometrial preparation and timing. Hum Reprod 2017; 8: 1–9.
3. Singh M, Chaudhry P, Asselin E. Bridging endometrial receptivity and implantation: network of hormones, cytokines, and growth factors. J Endocrinol 2011; 210 (1): 5–14.
4. Dix E, Check JH. Successful pregnancies following embryo transfer despite very thin late proliferative endometrium. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol 2010; 37: 15–6.
5. Gonen Y, Casper R, Jacobson W, Blankier J.; Endometrial thickness and growth during ovarian stimulation: a possible predictor of implantation in in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril 1989; 52 (3): 446–50.
6. Kehila M, Kebaili S, Bougmiza I et al. Endometrial thickness in in vitro fertilization. A study of 414 cases. Tunis Med 2010; 88 (12): 928–32.
7. Check J. The importance of sonographic endometrial parameters in influencing success following embryo transfer in the modern era and therapeutic options – part 1: the importance of late proliferative phase endometrial thickness, Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol 2011; 38 (3): 197–200.
8. Chen S, Wu F, Luo C et al. Combined analysis of endometrial thickness and pattern in predicting outcome of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer: a retrospective cohort study. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2010; 24: 30.
9. Шнейдерман М.Г. Проблема тонкого эндометрия: возможности комбинированного негормонального лечения при подготовке к процедуре экстракорпорального оплодотворения. Гинекология. 2014; 3: 67–71. / Shneiderman M.G. Problema tonkogo endometriia: vozmozhnosti kombinirovannogo negormonal'nogo lecheniia pri podgotovke k protsedure ekstrakorporal'nogo oplodotvoreniia. Gynecology. 2014; 3: 67–71. [in Russian]
10. Casper R. It's time to pay attention to the endometrium. Fertil Steril 2011; 96: 519–21.
11. Khan M, Shaikh A, Ratnani R. Ultrasonography and Doppler Study to Predict Uterine Receptivity in Infertile Patients Undergoing Embryo Transfer. J Obstet Gynaecol India 2016;66 (Suppl. 1): 377–82.
12. Noyes N, Liu H, Sultan K et al. Endometrial thickness appears to be a significant factor in embryo implantation in in-vitro fertilization. Human Reprod 1995; 10: 919–22.
13. Shufaro Y, Simon A, Laufer N, Fatum M. Thin unresponsive endometrium-a possible complication of surgical curettage compromising ART outc ome. J Ass Reprod Genet 2008; 25: 421–5.
14. Corbacioğlu A, Baysal B. Effects of endometrial thickness and echogenic pattern on assisted reproductive treatment outcome. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol 2009; 36 (3): 145–7.
15. Meybodi M, Afkhami-Ardekani M, Rashidi M et al. Prevalence of abnormal serum alanine aminotransferase levels in type 2 diabetic patients in Iran. Pak J Biol Sci 2008; 11 (18): 2274–7.
16. Fang R, Cai L, Xiong F et al. The effect of endometrial thickness on the day of hCG administration on pregnancy outcome in the first fresh IVF/ICSI cycle. Gynecol Endocrinol 2016; 32 (6): 473–6.
17. Bozdag G, Esinler I, Yarali H. The impact of endometrial thickness and texture on intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcome. J Reprod Med 2009; 54 (5): 303–11.
18. Yuan X, Saravelos S, Wang Q et al., Endometrial thickness as a predictor of pregnancy outcomes in 10787 fresh IVF-ICSI cycles. Reprod Biomed Online 2016; 33 (2): 197–205.
19. Wu Y, Gao X, Lu X et al. Endometrial thickness affects the outcome of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer in normal responders after GnRH antagonist administration. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2014; 12: 96.
20. Bu Z, Wang K, Dai W et al. Endometrial thickness significantly affects clinical pregnancy and live birth rates in frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles. Gynecol Endocrinol 2016; 32 (7): 524–8.
21. Ma N, Chen L, Dai W et al. Influence of endometrial thickness on treatment outcomes following in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2017; 15 (1).
22. Lebovitz O, Orvieto R. Treating patients with "thin" endometrium – an ongoing challenge. Gynecol Endocrinol 2014; 30 (6): 409–14.
23. Richter K, Bugge K, Bromer J, Levy M. Relationship between endometrial thickness and embryo implantation, based on 1,294 cycles of in vitro fertilization with transfer of two blastocyst-stage embryos. Fertil Steril 2007; 87 (1): 53–9.
24. Van Wely M, Kwan I, Burt AL et al. Recombinant versus urinary gonadotrophin for ovarian stimulation in assisted reproductive technology cycles. Cochrane Gynaecology and Fertility Group.
25. Azumaguchi A, Henmi H, Ohnishi H et al. Role of dilatation and curettage performed for spontaneous or induced abortion in the etiology of endometrial thinning. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2017; 43 (3): 523–9.
26. Плужникова Т.А., Комаров Е.К. Диагностика и лечение хронического эндометрита у женщин с невынашиванием беременности в анамнезе Проблемы репродукции. 2012; 6: 30–3. / Pluzhnikova T.A., Komarov E.K. Diagnostika i lechenie khronicheskogo endometrita u zhenshchin s nevynashivaniem beremennosti v anamneze Problemy reproduktsii. 2012; 6: 30–3 [in Russian]
27. Алимова О.А. Клинико-морфологическая характеристика хронического эндометрита различной этиологии. Автореф. дис. ... канд. мед. наук. Челябинск, 2011. / Alimova O.A. Kliniko-morfologicheskaia kharakteristika khronicheskogo endometrita razlichnoi etiologii. Avtoref. dis. ... kand. med. nauk. Cheliabinsk, 2011. [in Russian]
28. Fatemi H, Popovic-Todorovic B, Ameryckx L et al. In vitro fertilization pregnancy in a patient with proven chronic endometritis. Fertil Steril 2009; 91 (4): 12–93.
29. Kitaya K, Yasuo T. Immunohistochemistrical and clinicopathological characterization of chronic endometritis. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011; 66 (5): 410–5.
30. Волкова Е.Ю., Корнеева И.Е., Силантьева Е.С. Роль маточной гемодинамики в оценке рецептивности эндометрия. Проблемы репродукции. 2012; 18 (2): 57–62. / Volkova E.Iu., Korneeva I.E., Silant'eva E.S. Rol' matochnoi gemodinamiki v otsenke retseptivnosti endometriia. Problemy reproduktsii. 2012; 18 (2): 57–62. [in Russian]
31. Shen M, Wang C, Chen C, Tzeng C. New horizon on successful management for a woman with repeated implantation failure due to unresponsive thin endometrium: use of extended estrogen supplementation. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2013; 39 (5): 1092–4.
32. Alfer J, Happel L, Dittrich R et al. Insufficient Angiogenesis: Cause of Abnormally Thin Endometrium in Subfertile Patients? Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2017; 77 (7): 756–64.
33. Kasius A, Smit J, Torrance H et al. Endometrial thickness and pregnancy rates after IVF: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update 2014; 20 (4): 530–41.
2. Mackens S, Santos-Ribeiro S, Vijver A et al. Frozen embryo transfer: a review on the optimal endometrial preparation and timing. Hum Reprod 2017; 8: 1–9.
3. Singh M, Chaudhry P, Asselin E. Bridging endometrial receptivity and implantation: network of hormones, cytokines, and growth factors. J Endocrinol 2011; 210 (1): 5–14.
4. Dix E, Check JH. Successful pregnancies following embryo transfer despite very thin late proliferative endometrium. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol 2010; 37: 15–6.
5. Gonen Y, Casper R, Jacobson W, Blankier J.; Endometrial thickness and growth during ovarian stimulation: a possible predictor of implantation in in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril 1989; 52 (3): 446–50.
6. Kehila M, Kebaili S, Bougmiza I et al. Endometrial thickness in in vitro fertilization. A study of 414 cases. Tunis Med 2010; 88 (12): 928–32.
7. Check J. The importance of sonographic endometrial parameters in influencing success following embryo transfer in the modern era and therapeutic options – part 1: the importance of late proliferative phase endometrial thickness, Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol 2011; 38 (3): 197–200.
8. Chen S, Wu F, Luo C et al. Combined analysis of endometrial thickness and pattern in predicting outcome of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer: a retrospective cohort study. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2010; 24: 30.
9. Шнейдерман М.Г. Проблема тонкого эндометрия: возможности комбинированного негормонального лечения при подготовке к процедуре экстракорпорального оплодотворения. Гинекология. 2014; 3: 67–71. / Shneiderman M.G. Problema tonkogo endometriia: vozmozhnosti kombinirovannogo negormonal'nogo lecheniia pri podgotovke k protsedure ekstrakorporal'nogo oplodotvoreniia. Gynecology. 2014; 3: 67–71. [in Russian]
10. Casper R. It's time to pay attention to the endometrium. Fertil Steril 2011; 96: 519–21.
11. Khan M, Shaikh A, Ratnani R. Ultrasonography and Doppler Study to Predict Uterine Receptivity in Infertile Patients Undergoing Embryo Transfer. J Obstet Gynaecol India 2016;66 (Suppl. 1): 377–82.
12. Noyes N, Liu H, Sultan K et al. Endometrial thickness appears to be a significant factor in embryo implantation in in-vitro fertilization. Human Reprod 1995; 10: 919–22.
13. Shufaro Y, Simon A, Laufer N, Fatum M. Thin unresponsive endometrium-a possible complication of surgical curettage compromising ART outc ome. J Ass Reprod Genet 2008; 25: 421–5.
14. Corbacioğlu A, Baysal B. Effects of endometrial thickness and echogenic pattern on assisted reproductive treatment outcome. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol 2009; 36 (3): 145–7.
15. Meybodi M, Afkhami-Ardekani M, Rashidi M et al. Prevalence of abnormal serum alanine aminotransferase levels in type 2 diabetic patients in Iran. Pak J Biol Sci 2008; 11 (18): 2274–7.
16. Fang R, Cai L, Xiong F et al. The effect of endometrial thickness on the day of hCG administration on pregnancy outcome in the first fresh IVF/ICSI cycle. Gynecol Endocrinol 2016; 32 (6): 473–6.
17. Bozdag G, Esinler I, Yarali H. The impact of endometrial thickness and texture on intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcome. J Reprod Med 2009; 54 (5): 303–11.
18. Yuan X, Saravelos S, Wang Q et al., Endometrial thickness as a predictor of pregnancy outcomes in 10787 fresh IVF-ICSI cycles. Reprod Biomed Online 2016; 33 (2): 197–205.
19. Wu Y, Gao X, Lu X et al. Endometrial thickness affects the outcome of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer in normal responders after GnRH antagonist administration. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2014; 12: 96.
20. Bu Z, Wang K, Dai W et al. Endometrial thickness significantly affects clinical pregnancy and live birth rates in frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles. Gynecol Endocrinol 2016; 32 (7): 524–8.
21. Ma N, Chen L, Dai W et al. Influence of endometrial thickness on treatment outcomes following in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2017; 15 (1).
22. Lebovitz O, Orvieto R. Treating patients with "thin" endometrium – an ongoing challenge. Gynecol Endocrinol 2014; 30 (6): 409–14.
23. Richter K, Bugge K, Bromer J, Levy M. Relationship between endometrial thickness and embryo implantation, based on 1,294 cycles of in vitro fertilization with transfer of two blastocyst-stage embryos. Fertil Steril 2007; 87 (1): 53–9.
24. Van Wely M, Kwan I, Burt AL et al. Recombinant versus urinary gonadotrophin for ovarian stimulation in assisted reproductive technology cycles. Cochrane Gynaecology and Fertility Group.
25. Azumaguchi A, Henmi H, Ohnishi H et al. Role of dilatation and curettage performed for spontaneous or induced abortion in the etiology of endometrial thinning. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2017; 43 (3): 523–9.
26. Плужникова Т.А., Комаров Е.К. Диагностика и лечение хронического эндометрита у женщин с невынашиванием беременности в анамнезе Проблемы репродукции. 2012; 6: 30–3. / Pluzhnikova T.A., Komarov E.K. Diagnostika i lechenie khronicheskogo endometrita u zhenshchin s nevynashivaniem beremennosti v anamneze Problemy reproduktsii. 2012; 6: 30–3 [in Russian]
27. Алимова О.А. Клинико-морфологическая характеристика хронического эндометрита различной этиологии. Автореф. дис. ... канд. мед. наук. Челябинск, 2011. / Alimova O.A. Kliniko-morfologicheskaia kharakteristika khronicheskogo endometrita razlichnoi etiologii. Avtoref. dis. ... kand. med. nauk. Cheliabinsk, 2011. [in Russian]
28. Fatemi H, Popovic-Todorovic B, Ameryckx L et al. In vitro fertilization pregnancy in a patient with proven chronic endometritis. Fertil Steril 2009; 91 (4): 12–93.
29. Kitaya K, Yasuo T. Immunohistochemistrical and clinicopathological characterization of chronic endometritis. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011; 66 (5): 410–5.
30. Волкова Е.Ю., Корнеева И.Е., Силантьева Е.С. Роль маточной гемодинамики в оценке рецептивности эндометрия. Проблемы репродукции. 2012; 18 (2): 57–62. / Volkova E.Iu., Korneeva I.E., Silant'eva E.S. Rol' matochnoi gemodinamiki v otsenke retseptivnosti endometriia. Problemy reproduktsii. 2012; 18 (2): 57–62. [in Russian]
31. Shen M, Wang C, Chen C, Tzeng C. New horizon on successful management for a woman with repeated implantation failure due to unresponsive thin endometrium: use of extended estrogen supplementation. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2013; 39 (5): 1092–4.
32. Alfer J, Happel L, Dittrich R et al. Insufficient Angiogenesis: Cause of Abnormally Thin Endometrium in Subfertile Patients? Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2017; 77 (7): 756–64.
33. Kasius A, Smit J, Torrance H et al. Endometrial thickness and pregnancy rates after IVF: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update 2014; 20 (4): 530–41.
________________________________________________
1. Farquhar C, Rishworth JR, Brown J, Nelen WLDM, Marjoribanks J. Assisted reproductive technology: an overview of Cochrane Reviews. Cochrane Gynaecology and Fertility Group.
2. Mackens S, Santos-Ribeiro S, Vijver A et al. Frozen embryo transfer: a review on the optimal endometrial preparation and timing. Hum Reprod 2017; 8: 1–9.
3. Singh M, Chaudhry P, Asselin E. Bridging endometrial receptivity and implantation: network of hormones, cytokines, and growth factors. J Endocrinol 2011; 210 (1): 5–14.
4. Dix E, Check JH. Successful pregnancies following embryo transfer despite very thin late proliferative endometrium. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol 2010; 37: 15–6.
5. Gonen Y, Casper R, Jacobson W, Blankier J.; Endometrial thickness and growth during ovarian stimulation: a possible predictor of implantation in in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril 1989; 52 (3): 446–50.
6. Kehila M, Kebaili S, Bougmiza I et al. Endometrial thickness in in vitro fertilization. A study of 414 cases. Tunis Med 2010; 88 (12): 928–32.
7. Check J. The importance of sonographic endometrial parameters in influencing success following embryo transfer in the modern era and therapeutic options – part 1: the importance of late proliferative phase endometrial thickness, Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol 2011; 38 (3): 197–200.
8. Chen S, Wu F, Luo C et al. Combined analysis of endometrial thickness and pattern in predicting outcome of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer: a retrospective cohort study. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2010; 24: 30.
9. Shneiderman M.G. Problema tonkogo endometriia: vozmozhnosti kombinirovannogo negormonal'nogo lecheniia pri podgotovke k protsedure ekstrakorporal'nogo oplodotvoreniia. Gynecology. 2014; 3: 67–71. [in Russian]
10. Casper R. It's time to pay attention to the endometrium. Fertil Steril 2011; 96: 519–21.
11. Khan M, Shaikh A, Ratnani R. Ultrasonography and Doppler Study to Predict Uterine Receptivity in Infertile Patients Undergoing Embryo Transfer. J Obstet Gynaecol India 2016;66 (Suppl. 1): 377–82.
12. Noyes N, Liu H, Sultan K et al. Endometrial thickness appears to be a significant factor in embryo implantation in in-vitro fertilization. Human Reprod 1995; 10: 919–22.
13. Shufaro Y, Simon A, Laufer N, Fatum M. Thin unresponsive endometrium-a possible complication of surgical curettage compromising ART outc ome. J Ass Reprod Genet 2008; 25: 421–5.
14. Corbacioğlu A, Baysal B. Effects of endometrial thickness and echogenic pattern on assisted reproductive treatment outcome. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol 2009; 36 (3): 145–7.
15. Meybodi M, Afkhami-Ardekani M, Rashidi M et al. Prevalence of abnormal serum alanine aminotransferase levels in type 2 diabetic patients in Iran. Pak J Biol Sci 2008; 11 (18): 2274–7.
16. Fang R, Cai L, Xiong F et al. The effect of endometrial thickness on the day of hCG administration on pregnancy outcome in the first fresh IVF/ICSI cycle. Gynecol Endocrinol 2016; 32 (6): 473–6.
17. Bozdag G, Esinler I, Yarali H. The impact of endometrial thickness and texture on intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcome. J Reprod Med 2009; 54 (5): 303–11.
18. Yuan X, Saravelos S, Wang Q et al., Endometrial thickness as a predictor of pregnancy outcomes in 10787 fresh IVF-ICSI cycles. Reprod Biomed Online 2016; 33 (2): 197–205.
19. Wu Y, Gao X, Lu X et al. Endometrial thickness affects the outcome of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer in normal responders after GnRH antagonist administration. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2014; 12: 96.
20. Bu Z, Wang K, Dai W et al. Endometrial thickness significantly affects clinical pregnancy and live birth rates in frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles. Gynecol Endocrinol 2016; 32 (7): 524–8.
21. Ma N, Chen L, Dai W et al. Influence of endometrial thickness on treatment outcomes following in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2017; 15 (1).
22. Lebovitz O, Orvieto R. Treating patients with "thin" endometrium – an ongoing challenge. Gynecol Endocrinol 2014; 30 (6): 409–14.
23. Richter K, Bugge K, Bromer J, Levy M. Relationship between endometrial thickness and embryo implantation, based on 1,294 cycles of in vitro fertilization with transfer of two blastocyst-stage embryos. Fertil Steril 2007; 87 (1): 53–9.
24. Van Wely M, Kwan I, Burt AL et al. Recombinant versus urinary gonadotrophin for ovarian stimulation in assisted reproductive technology cycles. Cochrane Gynaecology and Fertility Group.
25. Azumaguchi A, Henmi H, Ohnishi H et al. Role of dilatation and curettage performed for spontaneous or induced abortion in the etiology of endometrial thinning. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2017; 43 (3): 523–9.
26. Pluzhnikova T.A., Komarov E.K. Diagnostika i lechenie khronicheskogo endometrita u zhenshchin s nevynashivaniem beremennosti v anamneze Problemy reproduktsii. 2012; 6: 30–3 [in Russian]
27. Alimova O.A. Kliniko-morfologicheskaia kharakteristika khronicheskogo endometrita razlichnoi etiologii. Avtoref. dis. ... kand. med. nauk. Cheliabinsk, 2011. [in Russian]
28. Fatemi H, Popovic-Todorovic B, Ameryckx L et al. In vitro fertilization pregnancy in a patient with proven chronic endometritis. Fertil Steril 2009; 91 (4): 12–93.
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Авторы
Л.А.Багдасарян*, И.Е.Корнеева
ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии им. акад. В.И.Кулакова» Минздрава России. 117997, Россия, Москва, ул. Академика Опарина, д. 4
*l_bagdasaryan@oparina4.ru
ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии им. акад. В.И.Кулакова» Минздрава России. 117997, Россия, Москва, ул. Академика Опарина, д. 4
*l_bagdasaryan@oparina4.ru
________________________________________________
L.A.Bagdasaryan*, I.E.Korneyeva
V.I.Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 117997, Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. Akademika Oparina, d. 4
*l_bagdasaryan@oparina4.ru
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