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Нарушения структуры и васкуляризации ворсин плаценты при преэклампсии
Нарушения структуры и васкуляризации ворсин плаценты при преэклампсии
Щеголев А.И., Туманова У.Н., Ляпин В.М. Нарушения структуры и васкуляризации ворсин плаценты при преэклампсии. Гинекология. 2018; 20 (4): 12–18.
DOI: 10.26442/2079-5696_2018.4.12-18
DOI: 10.26442/2079-5696_2018.4.12-18
DOI: 10.26442/2079-5696_2018.4.12-18
________________________________________________
DOI: 10.26442/2079-5696_2018.4.12-18
Материалы доступны только для специалистов сферы здравоохранения. Авторизуйтесь или зарегистрируйтесь.
Аннотация
Преэклампсия считается одним из наиболее грозных заболеваний беременности, вызывающих серьезные осложнения у матери и плода. Развитие преэклампсии обусловлено нарушением процессов плацентации. Проведен анализ данных литературы, посвященных микроскопическим изменениям структуры и васкуляризации ворсин плаценты при преэклампсии. Показано, что при преэклампсии отмечаются нарушения строения и васкуляризации ворсин плаценты, что, несомненно, указывает на их роль в развитии и прогрессировании данного осложнения беременности. В наблюдениях ранней преэклампсии регистрируются более низкие значения протяженности, площади поверхности и объема ворсин, а также степени их васкуляризации. Имеющаяся в литературе неоднозначность морфометрических и стереометрических показателей ворсин обусловлена, скорее всего, исследованием плацент на разных сроках гестации и различной степенью тяжести преэклампсии. Важным звеном патогенеза преэклампсии и фактором нарушения развития ворсин является изменение уровней проангиогенных и противоангиогенных факторов, главным образом сосудистого эндотелиального фактора роста и его рецепторов. Для полноценного анализа причин и особенностей развития преэклампсии необходимо проведение комплексного макроскопического и микроскопического исследования плаценты.
Ключевые слова: преэклампсия, плацента, ворсины, васкуляризация, ангиогенные факторы.
Key words: preeclampsia, placenta, villi, vascularization, angiogenic factors.
Ключевые слова: преэклампсия, плацента, ворсины, васкуляризация, ангиогенные факторы.
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Key words: preeclampsia, placenta, villi, vascularization, angiogenic factors.
Полный текст
Список литературы
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48. Hernandez-Diaz S, Toh S, Cnattingius S. Risk of preeclampsia in first and subsequent pregnancies: prospective cohort study. BMJ 2009; 338: 1–5.
49. Crispi F, Llurba E, Dominguez C et al. Predictive value of angiogenic factors and uterine artery Doppler for early- versus late-onset preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2008; 31: 303–9.
2. Lowe SA, Brown MA, Dekker G.A et al. Guidelines for the management of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Aust New Z J Obstet Gynecol 2009; 49: 242–6.
3. MacKay AP, Berg CJ, Atrash HK. Pregnancy-related mortality from preeclampsia and eclampsia. Obstet Gynecol 2001; 97: 533–8.
4. Berg CJ, Mackay AP, Qin C, Callaghan WM. Overview of maternal morbidity during hospitalization for labor and delivery in the United States: 1993–1997 and 2001–2005. Obstet Gynecol 2009; 113: 1075–81.
5. Girouard J, Giguere Y, Moutquin J-M, Forest J-C. Previous hypertensive disease of pregnancy is associated with alterations of markers of insulin resistance. Hypertension 2007; 49: 1056–62.
6. Wallis AB, Saftlas AF, Hsia J et al. Secular trends in the rates of pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, and gestational hypertension, United States, 1987–2004. Am J Hypertens 2008; 21: 521–6.
7. Khan KS, Wojdyla D, Say L et al. WHO analysis of causes of maternal death: a systematic review. Lancet 2006; 367 (9516): 1066–74.
8. Myatt L. Role of placenta in pre-eclampsia. Endocrine 2002; 19: 103–11.
9. Lambert G, Brichant JF, Hartstein G et al. Pre-eclampsia: An update. Acta Anaesthesiol Belg 2014; 65: 137–49.
10. Zhou Y, Damsky CH, Chiu K et al. Preeclampsia is associated with abnormal expression of adhesion molecules by invasive cytotrophoblasts. J Clin Invest 1993; 91: 950–60.
11. Damsky CH, Fitzgerald ML, Fisher SJ. Distribution patterns of extracellular matrix components and adhesion receptors are intricately modulated during first trimester cytotrophoblast differentiation along the invasive pathway, in vivo. J Clin Invest 1992; 89: 210–22.
12. Robertson WB, Brosens I, Dixon G. Uteroplacental vascular pathology. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1975; 5: 47–65.
13. Zhou Y, Damsky CH, Fisher SJ. Preeclampsia is associated with failure of human cytotrophoblasts to mimic a vascular adhesion phenotype: one cause of defective endovascular invasion in this syndrome? J Clin Invest 1997; 99: 2152–64.
14. Daayana S, Baker P, Crocker I. An image analysis technique for the investigation of variations in placental morphology in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia with and without intrau-terine growth restriction. J Soc Gynecol Investig 2004; 11: 545–52.
15. Mayhew TM, Wijesekara J, Baker PN, Ong SS. Morphometric evidence that villous development and fetoplacental angiogenesis are compromised by intrauterine growth re-striction but not by pre-eclampsia. Placenta 2004; 25: 829–33.
16. Egbor M, Ansari T, Morris N et al. Pre-eclampsia and fetal growth restriction: How morphometrically different is the placenta? Placenta 2006; 27: 727–34.
17. Corrêa RRM, Gilio DB, Cavellani CL et al. Placental morphometrical and histopathology changes in the different clinical presentations of hypertensive syndromes in pregnancy. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2008; 277: 201–6.
18. Ducray JF, Naicker T, Moodley J. Pilot study of comparative placental morphometry in pre-eclamptic and normotensive pregnancies suggests possible maladaptations of the fetal component of the placenta. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2011; 156: 29–34.
19. Odibo AO, Zhong Y, Longtine M et al. First-trimester serum analytes, biophysical tests and the association with pathological morphometry in the placenta of pregnancies with preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction. Placenta 2011; 32: 333–8.
20. Mukherjee R. Morphometric evaluation of preeclamptic placenta using light microscopic images. Bio Med Res Int 2014; 1: 293690. DOI:10.1155/2014/293690
21. Güven D, Altunkaynak BZ, Altun G et al. Histomorphometric changes in the placenta and umbilical cord during complications of pregnancy. Biotech Histochem 2018; 93: 198–210.
22. Mayhew T.M. Fetoplacental angiogenesis during gestation is biphasic, longitudinal and occurs by proliferation and remodelling of vascular endothelial cells. Placenta 2002; 23: 742–50.
23. Stanek J. Acute and chronic placental membrane hypoxic lesions. Virchows Arch 2009; 455: 315–22.
24. Lyapin V.M., Tumanova U.N., Shegolev A.I. Cincitialnye uzelki v vorsinah placenty pri preeklampsii. Sovrem. problemy nauki i obrazovaniya. 2015; 4: 499. [in Russian]
25. Lyapin V.M., Tumanova U.N., Shegolev A.I. Horionicheskie kisty v placente pri preeklampsii. Sovrem. problemy nauki i obrazovaniya. 2015; 5: 163. [in Russian]
26. Shegolev A.I. Sovremennaya morfologicheskaya klassifikaciya povrezhdenij placenty. Akusherstvo i ginekologiya. 2016; 4: 16–23. [in Russian]
27. Milovanov A.P. Patologiya sistemy mat–placenta–plod. M.: Medicina, 1999. [in Russian]
28. Silasi M, Cohen B, Karumanchi S, Rana S. Abnormal placentation, angiogenic factors, and the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Obstet Gynecol Clin N Am 2010; 37: 239–53.
29. Charnock-Jones DS, Kaufmann P, Mayhew TM. Aspects of human fetoplacental vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. I. Molecular regulation. Placenta 2004; 25: 103–13.
30. Pavlov K.A., Dubova E.A., Shegolev A.I. Fetoplacentarnyj angiogenez pri normalnoj beremennosti: rol sosudistogo endotelialnogo faktora rosta. Akusherstvo i ginekologiya. 2011; 3: 11–6. [in Russian]
31. Pavlov K.A., Dubova E.A., Shegolev A.I. Fetoplacentarnyj angiogenez pri normalnoj beremennosti: rol placentarnogo faktora rosta i angiopoetinov. Akusherstvo i ginekologiya. 2010; 6: 10–15. [in Russian]
32. Kurz H, Wilting J, Sandau K, Christ B. Automated evaluation of angiogenic effects mediated by VEGF and PlGF homo- and heterodimers. Microvasc Res 1998; 55: 92–102.
33. Livingston JC, Chin R, Haddad B et al. Reductions of vascular endothelial growth factor and placental growth factor concentrations in severe preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000; 183: 1554–7.
34. Tripathi R, Rath G, Ralhan R et al. Soluble and membranous vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 in pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia. Yonsei Med J 2009; 50: 656–66.
35. Dubova E.A., Pavlov K.A., Lyapin V.M. i dr. Faktor rosta endoteliya sosudov i ego receptory v vorsinah placenty beremennyh s preeklampsiej. Byul. eksperim. biologii i mediciny. 2012; 12: 761–5. [in Russian]
36. Maynard SE, Min JY, Merchan J et al. Excess placental soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt1) may contribute to endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, and proteinuria in preeclampsia. J Clin Invest 2003; 111: 649–58.
37. Ahmad S, Ahmed A. Elevated placental soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 inhibits angiogenesis in preeclampsia. Circ Res 2004; 95: 884–91.
38. Ahmad S, Hewett PW, Al-Ani B et al. Autocrine activity of soluble Flt-1 controls endothelial cell function and angiogenesis. Vasc Cell 2011; 3: 15. DOI: 10.1186/2045-824X-3-15
39. Shegolev A.I., Dubova E.A., Pavlov K.A. i dr. Morfometricheskaya harakteristika terminalnyh vorsin placenty pri preeklampsii. Byul. eksperim. biologii i mediciny. 2012; 7: 104–7. [in Russian]
40. Ihle BU, Long P, Oats J. Early onset preeclampsia: recognition of underlying renal disease. Br Med J 1987; 294: 79–81.
41. Obed SA, Aniteye P. Birth weight and ponderal index in preeclampsia: a comparative study. Ghana Medical J 2006; 40: 8–13.
42. Hodzhaeva Z.S., Shmakov R.G., Kogan E.A. i dr. Kliniko-anamnesticheskie osobennosti, placenta i placentarnaya ploshadka pri rannej i pozdnej preeklampsii. Akusherstvo i ginekologiya. 2015; 4: 25–31. [in Russian]
43. Dissanayake VH, Samarasinghe HD, Morgan L et al. Morbidity and mortality associated with preeclampsia at two tertiary care hospitals in Sri Lanka. J Obstet Gynecol Res 2007; 33: 56–62.
44. Egbor M, Ansari T, Morris N et al. Morphometric placental villous and vascular abnormalities in early- and late-onset pre-eclampsia with and without fetal growth restriction. BJOG 2006; 113: 580–9.
45. Shegolev A.I., Lyapin V.M., Tumanova U.N. i dr. Gistologicheskie izmeneniya placenty i vaskulyarizaciya ee vorsin pri rannej i pozdnej preeklampsii. Arh. patologii. 2016; 1: 13–8. [in Russian]
46. Vodneva D.N., Romanova V.V., Dubova E.A. i dr. Kliniko-morfologicheskie osobennosti rannej i pozdnej preeklampsii. Akusherstvo i ginekologiya. 2014; 2: 35–40. [in Russian]
47. Wikstrom AK, Larrson A, Eriksson UJ et al. Early postpartum changes in circulating pro- and anti-angiogenic factors in early-onset and late-onset preeclampsia. Acta Obstet Gynecol 2008; 87: 146–153.
48. Hernandez-Diaz S, Toh S, Cnattingius S. Risk of preeclampsia in first and subsequent pregnancies: prospective cohort study. BMJ 2009; 338: 1–5.
49. Crispi F, Llurba E, Dominguez C et al. Predictive value of angiogenic factors and uterine artery Doppler for early- versus late-onset preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2008; 31: 303–9.
2. Lowe SA, Brown MA, Dekker G.A et al. Guidelines for the management of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Aust New Z J Obstet Gynecol 2009; 49: 242–6.
3. MacKay AP, Berg CJ, Atrash HK. Pregnancy-related mortality from preeclampsia and eclampsia. Obstet Gynecol 2001; 97: 533–8.
4. Berg CJ, Mackay AP, Qin C, Callaghan WM. Overview of maternal morbidity during hospitalization for labor and delivery in the United States: 1993–1997 and 2001–2005. Obstet Gynecol 2009; 113: 1075–81.
5. Girouard J, Giguere Y, Moutquin J-M, Forest J-C. Previous hypertensive disease of pregnancy is associated with alterations of markers of insulin resistance. Hypertension 2007; 49: 1056–62.
6. Wallis AB, Saftlas AF, Hsia J et al. Secular trends in the rates of pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, and gestational hypertension, United States, 1987–2004. Am J Hypertens 2008; 21: 521–6.
7. Khan KS, Wojdyla D, Say L et al. WHO analysis of causes of maternal death: a systematic review. Lancet 2006; 367 (9516): 1066–74.
8. Myatt L. Role of placenta in pre-eclampsia. Endocrine 2002; 19: 103–11.
9. Lambert G, Brichant JF, Hartstein G et al. Pre-eclampsia: An update. Acta Anaesthesiol Belg 2014; 65: 137–49.
10. Zhou Y, Damsky CH, Chiu K et al. Preeclampsia is associated with abnormal expression of adhesion molecules by invasive cytotrophoblasts. J Clin Invest 1993; 91: 950–60.
11. Damsky CH, Fitzgerald ML, Fisher SJ. Distribution patterns of extracellular matrix components and adhesion receptors are intricately modulated during first trimester cytotrophoblast differentiation along the invasive pathway, in vivo. J Clin Invest 1992; 89: 210–22.
12. Robertson WB, Brosens I, Dixon G. Uteroplacental vascular pathology. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1975; 5: 47–65.
13. Zhou Y, Damsky CH, Fisher SJ. Preeclampsia is associated with failure of human cytotrophoblasts to mimic a vascular adhesion phenotype: one cause of defective endovascular invasion in this syndrome? J Clin Invest 1997; 99: 2152–64.
14. Daayana S, Baker P, Crocker I. An image analysis technique for the investigation of variations in placental morphology in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia with and without intrau-terine growth restriction. J Soc Gynecol Investig 2004; 11: 545–52.
15. Mayhew TM, Wijesekara J, Baker PN, Ong SS. Morphometric evidence that villous development and fetoplacental angiogenesis are compromised by intrauterine growth re-striction but not by pre-eclampsia. Placenta 2004; 25: 829–33.
16. Egbor M, Ansari T, Morris N et al. Pre-eclampsia and fetal growth restriction: How morphometrically different is the placenta? Placenta 2006; 27: 727–34.
17. Corrêa RRM, Gilio DB, Cavellani CL et al. Placental morphometrical and histopathology changes in the different clinical presentations of hypertensive syndromes in pregnancy. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2008; 277: 201–6.
18. Ducray JF, Naicker T, Moodley J. Pilot study of comparative placental morphometry in pre-eclamptic and normotensive pregnancies suggests possible maladaptations of the fetal component of the placenta. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2011; 156: 29–34.
19. Odibo AO, Zhong Y, Longtine M et al. First-trimester serum analytes, biophysical tests and the association with pathological morphometry in the placenta of pregnancies with preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction. Placenta 2011; 32: 333–8.
20. Mukherjee R. Morphometric evaluation of preeclamptic placenta using light microscopic images. Bio Med Res Int 2014; 1: 293690. DOI:10.1155/2014/293690
21. Güven D, Altunkaynak BZ, Altun G et al. Histomorphometric changes in the placenta and umbilical cord during complications of pregnancy. Biotech Histochem 2018; 93: 198–210.
22. Mayhew T.M. Fetoplacental angiogenesis during gestation is biphasic, longitudinal and occurs by proliferation and remodelling of vascular endothelial cells. Placenta 2002; 23: 742–50.
23. Stanek J. Acute and chronic placental membrane hypoxic lesions. Virchows Arch 2009; 455: 315–22.
24. Ляпин В.М., Туманова У.Н., Щеголев А.И. Cинцитиальные узелки в ворсинах плаценты при преэклампсии. Соврем. проблемы науки и образования. 2015; 4: 499. / Lyapin V.M., Tumanova U.N., Shegolev A.I. Cincitialnye uzelki v vorsinah placenty pri preeklampsii. Sovrem. problemy nauki i obrazovaniya. 2015; 4: 499. [in Russian]
25. Ляпин В.М., Туманова У.Н., Щеголев А.И. Хорионические кисты в плаценте при преэклампсии. Соврем. проблемы науки и образования. 2015; 5: 163. / Lyapin V.M., Tumanova U.N., Shegolev A.I. Horionicheskie kisty v placente pri preeklampsii. Sovrem. problemy nauki i obrazovaniya. 2015; 5: 163. [in Russian]
26. Щеголев А.И. Современная морфологическая классификация повреждений плаценты. Акушерство и гинекология. 2016; 4: 16–23. / Shegolev A.I. Sovremennaya morfologicheskaya klassifikaciya povrezhdenij placenty. Akusherstvo i ginekologiya. 2016; 4: 16–23. [in Russian]
27. Милованов А.П. Патология системы мать–плацента–плод. М.: Медицина, 1999. / Milovanov A.P. Patologiya sistemy mat–placenta–plod. M.: Medicina, 1999. [in Russian]
28. Silasi M, Cohen B, Karumanchi S, Rana S. Abnormal placentation, angiogenic factors, and the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Obstet Gynecol Clin N Am 2010; 37: 239–53.
29. Charnock-Jones DS, Kaufmann P, Mayhew TM. Aspects of human fetoplacental vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. I. Molecular regulation. Placenta 2004; 25: 103–13.
30. Павлов К.А., Дубова Е.А., Щеголев А.И. Фетоплацентарный ангиогенез при нормальной беременности: роль сосудистого эндотелиального фактора роста. Акушерство и гинекология. 2011; 3: 11–6. / Pavlov K.A., Dubova E.A., Shegolev A.I. Fetoplacentarnyj angiogenez pri normalnoj beremennosti: rol sosudistogo endotelialnogo faktora rosta. Akusherstvo i ginekologiya. 2011; 3: 11–6. [in Russian]
31. Павлов К.А., Дубова Е.А., Щеголев А.И. Фетоплацентарный ангиогенез при нормальной беременности: роль плацентарного фактора роста и ангиопоэтинов. Акушерство и гинекология. 2010; 6: 10–15. / Pavlov K.A., Dubova E.A., Shegolev A.I. Fetoplacentarnyj angiogenez pri normalnoj beremennosti: rol placentarnogo faktora rosta i angiopoetinov. Akusherstvo i ginekologiya. 2010; 6: 10–15. [in Russian]
32. Kurz H, Wilting J, Sandau K, Christ B. Automated evaluation of angiogenic effects mediated by VEGF and PlGF homo- and heterodimers. Microvasc Res 1998; 55: 92–102.
33. Livingston JC, Chin R, Haddad B et al. Reductions of vascular endothelial growth factor and placental growth factor concentrations in severe preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000; 183: 1554–7.
34. Tripathi R, Rath G, Ralhan R et al. Soluble and membranous vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 in pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia. Yonsei Med J 2009; 50: 656–66.
35. Дубова Е.А., Павлов К.А., Ляпин В.М. и др. Фактор роста эндотелия сосудов и его рецепторы в ворсинах плаценты беременных с преэклампсией. Бюл. эксперим. биологии и медицины. 2012; 12: 761–5. / Dubova E.A., Pavlov K.A., Lyapin V.M. i dr. Faktor rosta endoteliya sosudov i ego receptory v vorsinah placenty beremennyh s preeklampsiej. Byul. eksperim. biologii i mediciny. 2012; 12: 761–5. [in Russian]
36. Maynard SE, Min JY, Merchan J et al. Excess placental soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt1) may contribute to endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, and proteinuria in preeclampsia. J Clin Invest 2003; 111: 649–58.
37. Ahmad S, Ahmed A. Elevated placental soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 inhibits angiogenesis in preeclampsia. Circ Res 2004; 95: 884–91.
38. Ahmad S, Hewett PW, Al-Ani B et al. Autocrine activity of soluble Flt-1 controls endothelial cell function and angiogenesis. Vasc Cell 2011; 3: 15. DOI: 10.1186/2045-824X-3-15
39. Щеголев А.И., Дубова Е.А., Павлов К.А. и др. Морфометрическая характеристика терминальных ворсин плаценты при преэклампсии. Бюл. эксперим. биологии и медицины. 2012; 7: 104–7. / Shegolev A.I., Dubova E.A., Pavlov K.A. i dr. Morfometricheskaya harakteristika terminalnyh vorsin placenty pri preeklampsii. Byul. eksperim. biologii i mediciny. 2012; 7: 104–7. [in Russian]
40. Ihle BU, Long P, Oats J. Early onset preeclampsia: recognition of underlying renal disease. Br Med J 1987; 294: 79–81.
41. Obed SA, Aniteye P. Birth weight and ponderal index in preeclampsia: a comparative study. Ghana Medical J 2006; 40: 8–13.
42. Ходжаева З.С., Шмаков Р.Г., Коган Е.А. и др. Клинико-анамнестические особенности, плацента и плацентарная площадка при ранней и поздней преэклампсии. Акушерство и гинекология. 2015; 4: 25–31. / Hodzhaeva Z.S., Shmakov R.G., Kogan E.A. i dr. Kliniko-anamnesticheskie osobennosti, placenta i placentarnaya ploshadka pri rannej i pozdnej preeklampsii. Akusherstvo i ginekologiya. 2015; 4: 25–31. [in Russian]
43. Dissanayake VH, Samarasinghe HD, Morgan L et al. Morbidity and mortality associated with preeclampsia at two tertiary care hospitals in Sri Lanka. J Obstet Gynecol Res 2007; 33: 56–62.
44. Egbor M, Ansari T, Morris N et al. Morphometric placental villous and vascular abnormalities in early- and late-onset pre-eclampsia with and without fetal growth restriction. BJOG 2006; 113: 580–9.
45. Щеголев А.И., Ляпин В.М., Туманова У.Н. и др. Гистологические изменения плаценты и васкуляризация ее ворсин при ранней и поздней преэклампсии. Арх. патологии. 2016; 1: 13–8. / Shegolev A.I., Lyapin V.M., Tumanova U.N. i dr. Gistologicheskie izmeneniya placenty i vaskulyarizaciya ee vorsin pri rannej i pozdnej preeklampsii. Arh. patologii. 2016; 1: 13–8. [in Russian]
46. Воднева Д.Н., Романова В.В., Дубова Е.А. и др. Клинико-морфологические особенности ранней и поздней преэклампсии. Акушерство и гинекология. 2014; 2: 35–40. / Vodneva D.N., Romanova V.V., Dubova E.A. i dr. Kliniko-morfologicheskie osobennosti rannej i pozdnej preeklampsii. Akusherstvo i ginekologiya. 2014; 2: 35–40. [in Russian]
47. Wikstrom AK, Larrson A, Eriksson UJ et al. Early postpartum changes in circulating pro- and anti-angiogenic factors in early-onset and late-onset preeclampsia. Acta Obstet Gynecol 2008; 87: 146–153.
48. Hernandez-Diaz S, Toh S, Cnattingius S. Risk of preeclampsia in first and subsequent pregnancies: prospective cohort study. BMJ 2009; 338: 1–5.
49. Crispi F, Llurba E, Dominguez C et al. Predictive value of angiogenic factors and uterine artery Doppler for early- versus late-onset preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2008; 31: 303–9.
________________________________________________
2. Lowe SA, Brown MA, Dekker G.A et al. Guidelines for the management of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Aust New Z J Obstet Gynecol 2009; 49: 242–6.
3. MacKay AP, Berg CJ, Atrash HK. Pregnancy-related mortality from preeclampsia and eclampsia. Obstet Gynecol 2001; 97: 533–8.
4. Berg CJ, Mackay AP, Qin C, Callaghan WM. Overview of maternal morbidity during hospitalization for labor and delivery in the United States: 1993–1997 and 2001–2005. Obstet Gynecol 2009; 113: 1075–81.
5. Girouard J, Giguere Y, Moutquin J-M, Forest J-C. Previous hypertensive disease of pregnancy is associated with alterations of markers of insulin resistance. Hypertension 2007; 49: 1056–62.
6. Wallis AB, Saftlas AF, Hsia J et al. Secular trends in the rates of pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, and gestational hypertension, United States, 1987–2004. Am J Hypertens 2008; 21: 521–6.
7. Khan KS, Wojdyla D, Say L et al. WHO analysis of causes of maternal death: a systematic review. Lancet 2006; 367 (9516): 1066–74.
8. Myatt L. Role of placenta in pre-eclampsia. Endocrine 2002; 19: 103–11.
9. Lambert G, Brichant JF, Hartstein G et al. Pre-eclampsia: An update. Acta Anaesthesiol Belg 2014; 65: 137–49.
10. Zhou Y, Damsky CH, Chiu K et al. Preeclampsia is associated with abnormal expression of adhesion molecules by invasive cytotrophoblasts. J Clin Invest 1993; 91: 950–60.
11. Damsky CH, Fitzgerald ML, Fisher SJ. Distribution patterns of extracellular matrix components and adhesion receptors are intricately modulated during first trimester cytotrophoblast differentiation along the invasive pathway, in vivo. J Clin Invest 1992; 89: 210–22.
12. Robertson WB, Brosens I, Dixon G. Uteroplacental vascular pathology. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1975; 5: 47–65.
13. Zhou Y, Damsky CH, Fisher SJ. Preeclampsia is associated with failure of human cytotrophoblasts to mimic a vascular adhesion phenotype: one cause of defective endovascular invasion in this syndrome? J Clin Invest 1997; 99: 2152–64.
14. Daayana S, Baker P, Crocker I. An image analysis technique for the investigation of variations in placental morphology in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia with and without intrau-terine growth restriction. J Soc Gynecol Investig 2004; 11: 545–52.
15. Mayhew TM, Wijesekara J, Baker PN, Ong SS. Morphometric evidence that villous development and fetoplacental angiogenesis are compromised by intrauterine growth re-striction but not by pre-eclampsia. Placenta 2004; 25: 829–33.
16. Egbor M, Ansari T, Morris N et al. Pre-eclampsia and fetal growth restriction: How morphometrically different is the placenta? Placenta 2006; 27: 727–34.
17. Corrêa RRM, Gilio DB, Cavellani CL et al. Placental morphometrical and histopathology changes in the different clinical presentations of hypertensive syndromes in pregnancy. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2008; 277: 201–6.
18. Ducray JF, Naicker T, Moodley J. Pilot study of comparative placental morphometry in pre-eclamptic and normotensive pregnancies suggests possible maladaptations of the fetal component of the placenta. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2011; 156: 29–34.
19. Odibo AO, Zhong Y, Longtine M et al. First-trimester serum analytes, biophysical tests and the association with pathological morphometry in the placenta of pregnancies with preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction. Placenta 2011; 32: 333–8.
20. Mukherjee R. Morphometric evaluation of preeclamptic placenta using light microscopic images. Bio Med Res Int 2014; 1: 293690. DOI:10.1155/2014/293690
21. Güven D, Altunkaynak BZ, Altun G et al. Histomorphometric changes in the placenta and umbilical cord during complications of pregnancy. Biotech Histochem 2018; 93: 198–210.
22. Mayhew T.M. Fetoplacental angiogenesis during gestation is biphasic, longitudinal and occurs by proliferation and remodelling of vascular endothelial cells. Placenta 2002; 23: 742–50.
23. Stanek J. Acute and chronic placental membrane hypoxic lesions. Virchows Arch 2009; 455: 315–22.
24. Lyapin V.M., Tumanova U.N., Shegolev A.I. Cincitialnye uzelki v vorsinah placenty pri preeklampsii. Sovrem. problemy nauki i obrazovaniya. 2015; 4: 499. [in Russian]
25. Lyapin V.M., Tumanova U.N., Shegolev A.I. Horionicheskie kisty v placente pri preeklampsii. Sovrem. problemy nauki i obrazovaniya. 2015; 5: 163. [in Russian]
26. Shegolev A.I. Sovremennaya morfologicheskaya klassifikaciya povrezhdenij placenty. Akusherstvo i ginekologiya. 2016; 4: 16–23. [in Russian]
27. Milovanov A.P. Patologiya sistemy mat–placenta–plod. M.: Medicina, 1999. [in Russian]
28. Silasi M, Cohen B, Karumanchi S, Rana S. Abnormal placentation, angiogenic factors, and the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Obstet Gynecol Clin N Am 2010; 37: 239–53.
29. Charnock-Jones DS, Kaufmann P, Mayhew TM. Aspects of human fetoplacental vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. I. Molecular regulation. Placenta 2004; 25: 103–13.
30. Pavlov K.A., Dubova E.A., Shegolev A.I. Fetoplacentarnyj angiogenez pri normalnoj beremennosti: rol sosudistogo endotelialnogo faktora rosta. Akusherstvo i ginekologiya. 2011; 3: 11–6. [in Russian]
31. Pavlov K.A., Dubova E.A., Shegolev A.I. Fetoplacentarnyj angiogenez pri normalnoj beremennosti: rol placentarnogo faktora rosta i angiopoetinov. Akusherstvo i ginekologiya. 2010; 6: 10–15. [in Russian]
32. Kurz H, Wilting J, Sandau K, Christ B. Automated evaluation of angiogenic effects mediated by VEGF and PlGF homo- and heterodimers. Microvasc Res 1998; 55: 92–102.
33. Livingston JC, Chin R, Haddad B et al. Reductions of vascular endothelial growth factor and placental growth factor concentrations in severe preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000; 183: 1554–7.
34. Tripathi R, Rath G, Ralhan R et al. Soluble and membranous vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 in pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia. Yonsei Med J 2009; 50: 656–66.
35. Dubova E.A., Pavlov K.A., Lyapin V.M. i dr. Faktor rosta endoteliya sosudov i ego receptory v vorsinah placenty beremennyh s preeklampsiej. Byul. eksperim. biologii i mediciny. 2012; 12: 761–5. [in Russian]
36. Maynard SE, Min JY, Merchan J et al. Excess placental soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt1) may contribute to endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, and proteinuria in preeclampsia. J Clin Invest 2003; 111: 649–58.
37. Ahmad S, Ahmed A. Elevated placental soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 inhibits angiogenesis in preeclampsia. Circ Res 2004; 95: 884–91.
38. Ahmad S, Hewett PW, Al-Ani B et al. Autocrine activity of soluble Flt-1 controls endothelial cell function and angiogenesis. Vasc Cell 2011; 3: 15. DOI: 10.1186/2045-824X-3-15
39. Shegolev A.I., Dubova E.A., Pavlov K.A. i dr. Morfometricheskaya harakteristika terminalnyh vorsin placenty pri preeklampsii. Byul. eksperim. biologii i mediciny. 2012; 7: 104–7. [in Russian]
40. Ihle BU, Long P, Oats J. Early onset preeclampsia: recognition of underlying renal disease. Br Med J 1987; 294: 79–81.
41. Obed SA, Aniteye P. Birth weight and ponderal index in preeclampsia: a comparative study. Ghana Medical J 2006; 40: 8–13.
42. Hodzhaeva Z.S., Shmakov R.G., Kogan E.A. i dr. Kliniko-anamnesticheskie osobennosti, placenta i placentarnaya ploshadka pri rannej i pozdnej preeklampsii. Akusherstvo i ginekologiya. 2015; 4: 25–31. [in Russian]
43. Dissanayake VH, Samarasinghe HD, Morgan L et al. Morbidity and mortality associated with preeclampsia at two tertiary care hospitals in Sri Lanka. J Obstet Gynecol Res 2007; 33: 56–62.
44. Egbor M, Ansari T, Morris N et al. Morphometric placental villous and vascular abnormalities in early- and late-onset pre-eclampsia with and without fetal growth restriction. BJOG 2006; 113: 580–9.
45. Shegolev A.I., Lyapin V.M., Tumanova U.N. i dr. Gistologicheskie izmeneniya placenty i vaskulyarizaciya ee vorsin pri rannej i pozdnej preeklampsii. Arh. patologii. 2016; 1: 13–8. [in Russian]
46. Vodneva D.N., Romanova V.V., Dubova E.A. i dr. Kliniko-morfologicheskie osobennosti rannej i pozdnej preeklampsii. Akusherstvo i ginekologiya. 2014; 2: 35–40. [in Russian]
47. Wikstrom AK, Larrson A, Eriksson UJ et al. Early postpartum changes in circulating pro- and anti-angiogenic factors in early-onset and late-onset preeclampsia. Acta Obstet Gynecol 2008; 87: 146–153.
48. Hernandez-Diaz S, Toh S, Cnattingius S. Risk of preeclampsia in first and subsequent pregnancies: prospective cohort study. BMJ 2009; 338: 1–5.
49. Crispi F, Llurba E, Dominguez C et al. Predictive value of angiogenic factors and uterine artery Doppler for early- versus late-onset preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2008; 31: 303–9.
Авторы
А.И.Щеголев*, У.Н.Туманова, В.М.Ляпин
ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии им. акад. В.И.Кулакова» Минздрава России. 117997, Россия, Москва, ул. Академика Опарина, д. 4
*ashegolev@oparina4.ru
V.I.Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 117997, Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. Akademika Oparina, d. 4
*ashegolev@oparina4.ru
ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии им. акад. В.И.Кулакова» Минздрава России. 117997, Россия, Москва, ул. Академика Опарина, д. 4
*ashegolev@oparina4.ru
________________________________________________
V.I.Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 117997, Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. Akademika Oparina, d. 4
*ashegolev@oparina4.ru
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