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Климактерический синдром и магний (обзор литературы)
Климактерический синдром и магний (обзор литературы)
Прилепская В.Н., Мгерян А.Н., Межевитинова Е.А. Климактерический синдром и магний (обзор литературы). Гинекология. 2018; 20 (5): 6–8.
DOI: 10.26442/2079-5696_2018.5.6-8
DOI: 10.26442/2079-5696_2018.5.6-8
DOI: 10.26442/2079-5696_2018.5.6-8
________________________________________________
DOI: 10.26442/2079-5696_2018.5.6-8
Материалы доступны только для специалистов сферы здравоохранения. Авторизуйтесь или зарегистрируйтесь.
Аннотация
Магний является одним из важнейших микроэлементов, необходимых для жизнедеятельности организма человека. Он поддерживает нормальный обмен белков и нуклеиновых кислот (ДНК и РНК), снижает спазм артерий, как периферических, так и коронарных, препятствует образованию тромбов, расслабляет матку при гипертонусе, восстанавливает ритм сердца при тахикардии, способствует нормальному течению беременности и т.д. Дефицит магния оказывает негативное влияние на здоровье, особенно у женщин в климактерическом периоде. Гипомагнеземия усугубляет течение основных клинических проявлений и состояний, характерных для климактерического синдрома, в связи с чем применение препаратов магния у данной категории пациенток позволит улучшить состояние здоровья и качество их жизни.
Ключевые слова: климактерический синдром, магний, остеопороз.
Key words: climacteric syndrome, magnesium, osteoporosis.
Ключевые слова: климактерический синдром, магний, остеопороз.
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Key words: climacteric syndrome, magnesium, osteoporosis.
Полный текст
Список литературы
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5. Stachowiak G, Pertynski T, Pertynska-Marczewska M. Metabolic disorders in menopause. Menopause Rev 2015; 14 (1): 59–64.
6. Sonu Y, Avinash SS, Sreekantha et al. Effect of Oestrogen on Altering the Serum and Urinary Levels of Calcium, Phosphate and Magnesium in Hysterectomised Women Compared to Natural Menopausal South Indian Women: A Case Control Study. Ind J Clin Biochem 2016; 31 (3): 326–31.
7. Castiglioni S, Cazzaniga A, Albisetti W et al. Magnesium and Osteoporosis: Current State of Knowledge and Future Research Directions. Nutrients 2013; 5: 3022–33.
8. Kurabayashi M. Role of magnesium in cardiac metabolism. Clin Calcium 2005; 15 (11): 77–83.
9. Ueshima K. Magnesium and ishemic heart disease: a review of epidemiological, experimental, and clinical evidences. Magnes Res 2005; 18 (4): 275–84.
10. Shechter M. Walnuts and Endothelial Function in Hypercholesterolemic. Subjects Circulation 2004; 110: e58.
11. Costello J. Nebulised magnesium in asthma. Emerg Med J 2004; 21 (5): 586–7.
12. Iannello S, Belfiore F, Hypomagnesemia. A review of pathophysiological, clinical and therapeutical aspects. Panminerva Med 2001; 43 (3): 177–209.
13. Iskra M, Baralkiewicz D, Majewski W et al. Serum magnesium, copper and zinc concentration changes in lower limb ischemia and postoperative treatment. Magnes Res 2005; 18 (4): 261–7.
14. Abbasi M, Farzam SA, Mamaghani Z et al. Relationship between metabolic syndrome and its components with bone densitometry in postmenopausal women. Diabetes Metab Syndrome. Clin Res Rev 2017; 11: 73–6.
15. Nakhjavani M, Imani M, Larry M et al. Metabolic syndrome inpremenopausaland postmenopausal womenwith type 2 diabetes: loss of protective effects of premenopausal status. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2014; 13 (1): 102–8.
16. Громова О.А., Гоголева И.В. Применение магния в зеркале доказательной медицины и фундаментальных исследований в терапии. Дефицит магния и концепция стресса. Фарматека. 2007; 12: 146. / Gromova O.A., Gogoleva I.V. Primenenie magniia v zerkale dokazatel'noi meditsiny i fundamental'nykh issledovanii v terapii. Defitsit magniia i kontseptsiia stressa. Farmateka. 2007; 12: 146. [in Russian]
17. Geiger H, Wanner C. Magnesium in disease. Clin Kidney J 2012; 5: i25–i38.
18. Volpe SL. Magnesium in Disease Prevention and Overall Health. Adv Nutr 2013; 4: 378S–383S.
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20. De Baaij JHF, Hoenderop JGJ, Bindels RJM. Magnesium in Man: Implications for Health and Disease. Physiol Rev 2015; 95: 1–46.
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29. Громова О.А., Никонов А.А. Роль и значение магния в патогенезе заболеваний нервной системы. Неврология и психиатрия им. С.С.Корсакова. 2002; 12: 45–9. / Gromova O.A., Nikonov A.A. Rol' i znachenie magniia v patogeneze zabolevanii nervnoi sistemy. Nevrologiia i psikhiatriia im. S.S.Korsakova. 2002; 12: 45–9. [in Russian]
30. Громова О.А., Бухарина Е.В., Галицкая С.А. и др. Коррекция дефицита магния у женщин с предменструальным синдромом. Акушерство и гинекология. 2003; 5: 48–52. / Gromova O.A., Bukharina E.V., Galitskaia S.A. i dr. Korrektsiia defitsita magniia u zhenshchin s predmenstrual'nym sindromom. Akusherstvo i ginekologiia. 2003; 5: 48–52. [in Russian]
31. Спасов А.А. Магний в медицинской практике. Волгоград, 2000. / Spasov A.A. Magnii v meditsinskoi praktike. Volgograd, 2000. [in Russian]
32. Lopez A, Cacoub P, Macdougall IC et al. Iron deficiency anaemia. Lancet 2016; 387: 907–16.
33. Weaver CM, Peacock M. Calcium Adv Nutr 2011; 2: 290–2.
34. Seelig MS. Interrelationship of magnesium and estrogen in cardiovascular and bone disorders, eclampsia, migraine and premenstrual syndrome. J Am Coll Nutr 1993; 12: 442–58.
35. Jankunas R, Driziene Z, Stakisaitis D et al. Gender-dependent Magnesium Urinary Excretion in Healthy Adolescents and Adults. Acta Medica Lituanica 2001; 8: 167–72.
36. Dante G, Vaiarelli A, Facchinetti F. Vitamin and mineral needs during the oral contraceptive therapy: A systematic review. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol 2016; 3: 1–10.
37. Grossi E, Castiglioni S, Moscheni C et al. Serum magnesium and calcium levels in infertile women during a cycle of reproductive assistance. Magnes Res 2017; 30: 35–41.
38. Громова О.А., Лиманова О.А., Торшин И.Ю. Систематический анализ экспериментальных и клинических исследований как обоснование необходимости совместного использования эстрогенсодержащих препаратов с препаратами магния и пиридоксина. Акушерство, гинекология и репродукция. 2013; 7 (3): 29–44. / Gromova O.A., Limanova O.A., Torshin I.Yu. Sistematicheskii analiz eksperimental'nykh i klinicheskikh issledovanii kak obosnovanie neobkhodimosti sovmestnogo ispol'zovaniia estrogensoderzhashchikh preparatov s preparatami magniia i piridoksina. Akusherstvo, ginekologiia i reproduktsiia. 2013; 7 (3): 29–44. [in Russian]
39. Прилепская В.Н., Назарова Н.М., Межевитинова Е.А. Применение Магне В6 для профилактики побочных реакций гормональной контрацепции. Рос. вестн. акушера-гинеколога. 2005; 5. / Prilepskaya V.N., Nazarova N.M., Mezhevitinova E.A. Primenenie Magne V6 dlia profilaktiki pobochnykh reaktsii gormonal'noi kontratseptsii. Ros. vestn. akushera-ginekologa. 2005; 5. [in Russian]
40. Макацария А.Д., Дадак К., Бицадзе В.О. Клинические особенности у пациенток с гормонально-зависимыми состояниями и дефицитом магния. Акушерство и гинекология. 2017, 5: 124–31. / Makatsariya A.D., Dadak K., Bitsadze V.O. Klinicheskie osobennosti u patsientok s gormonal'no-zavisimymi sostoianiiami i defitsitom magniia. Akusherstvo i ginekologiia. 2017, 5: 124–31. [in Russian]
2. Mendes KG, Theodoro H, Rodrigues AD. Menopausal status and metabolic syndrome in women in climacteric period treated at a clinic in Southern Brazil. Open J Endocr Metab Dis 2013; 3 (1): 31–41.
3. Parhizkar S, Latiff LA, Rahman SA et al. Preventive effect of nigella sativa on metabolic syndrome in menopause induced rats. J Med Plants Res 2011; 5 (8): 1478–84.
4. Pinkas J, Bojar I, Owoc A et al. Cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome and health behaviors of postmenopausal women working in agriculture. Arch Med Sci 2017; 13 (5): 1040–8.
5. Stachowiak G, Pertynski T, Pertynska-Marczewska M. Metabolic disorders in menopause. Menopause Rev 2015; 14 (1): 59–64.
6. Sonu Y, Avinash SS, Sreekantha et al. Effect of Oestrogen on Altering the Serum and Urinary Levels of Calcium, Phosphate and Magnesium in Hysterectomised Women Compared to Natural Menopausal South Indian Women: A Case Control Study. Ind J Clin Biochem 2016; 31 (3): 326–31.
7. Castiglioni S, Cazzaniga A, Albisetti W et al. Magnesium and Osteoporosis: Current State of Knowledge and Future Research Directions. Nutrients 2013; 5: 3022–33.
8. Kurabayashi M. Role of magnesium in cardiac metabolism. Clin Calcium 2005; 15 (11): 77–83.
9. Ueshima K. Magnesium and ishemic heart disease: a review of epidemiological, experimental, and clinical evidences. Magnes Res 2005; 18 (4): 275–84.
10. Shechter M. Walnuts and Endothelial Function in Hypercholesterolemic. Subjects Circulation 2004; 110: e58.
11. Costello J. Nebulised magnesium in asthma. Emerg Med J 2004; 21 (5): 586–7.
12. Iannello S, Belfiore F, Hypomagnesemia. A review of pathophysiological, clinical and therapeutical aspects. Panminerva Med 2001; 43 (3): 177–209.
13. Iskra M, Baralkiewicz D, Majewski W et al. Serum magnesium, copper and zinc concentration changes in lower limb ischemia and postoperative treatment. Magnes Res 2005; 18 (4): 261–7.
14. Abbasi M, Farzam SA, Mamaghani Z et al. Relationship between metabolic syndrome and its components with bone densitometry in postmenopausal women. Diabetes Metab Syndrome. Clin Res Rev 2017; 11: 73–6.
15. Nakhjavani M, Imani M, Larry M et al. Metabolic syndrome inpremenopausaland postmenopausal womenwith type 2 diabetes: loss of protective effects of premenopausal status. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2014; 13 (1): 102–8.
16. Gromova O.A., Gogoleva I.V. Primenenie magniia v zerkale dokazatel'noi meditsiny i fundamental'nykh issledovanii v terapii. Defitsit magniia i kontseptsiia stressa. Farmateka. 2007; 12: 146. [in Russian]
17. Geiger H, Wanner C. Magnesium in disease. Clin Kidney J 2012; 5: i25–i38.
18. Volpe SL. Magnesium in Disease Prevention and Overall Health. Adv Nutr 2013; 4: 378S–383S.
19. McCarthy JT, Kumar R. Atlas of Diseases of the Kidney: Divalent Cation: Magnesium; Current Medicine. Philadelphia, PA, USA, 1999.
20. De Baaij JHF, Hoenderop JGJ, Bindels RJM. Magnesium in Man: Implications for Health and Disease. Physiol Rev 2015; 95: 1–46.
21. Fulgoni VL, Keast DR, Bailey RL et al. Foods, Fortificants, and Supplements: Where Do Americans Get Their Nutrients? J Nutr 2011; 141: 1847–54.
22. Costello RB, Elin RJ, Rosanoff A et al. Perspective: The Case for an Evidence-Based Reference Interval for Serum Magnesium: The Time Has Come 12345. Adv Nutr 2016; 7: 977–93.
23. Rosenstein DL, Ryschon TW, Niemela JE et al. Skeletal muscle intracellular ionized magnesium measured by 31P-NMR spectroscopy across the menstrual cycle. J Am Coll Nutr 1995; 14: 486–90.
24. What We Eat in America, NHANES 2011–2012, Day 1 Food and Supplement Intake Data. Available online: https://www.ars.usda.gov/ARSUserFiles/80400530/pdf/1112/Table_37_SUP_GEN_11.pdf
25. Magnesium. Office of Dietary Supplements: National Institutes of Health, 2018. Accessed on 23 April 2018.
26. GuoW, Nazim H, Liang Z et al. Magnesium deficiency in plants: An urgent problem. Crop J 2016; 4: 83–91.
27. Rebrov V.G., Gromova O.A. Vitaminy i mikroelementy. M.: Alev-V, 2003. [in Russian]
28. Ershov Yu.A. Khimiia biogennykh elementov. M.: Vysshaia shkola, 2000. [in Russian]
29. Gromova O.A., Nikonov A.A. Rol' i znachenie magniia v patogeneze zabolevanii nervnoi sistemy. Nevrologiia i psikhiatriia im. S.S.Korsakova. 2002; 12: 45–9. [in Russian]
30. Gromova O.A., Bukharina E.V., Galitskaia S.A. i dr. Korrektsiia defitsita magniia u zhenshchin s predmenstrual'nym sindromom. Akusherstvo i ginekologiia. 2003; 5: 48–52. [in Russian]
31. Spasov A.A. Magnii v meditsinskoi praktike. Volgograd, 2000. [in Russian]
32. Lopez A, Cacoub P, Macdougall IC et al. Iron deficiency anaemia. Lancet 2016; 387: 907–16.
33. Weaver CM, Peacock M. Calcium Adv Nutr 2011; 2: 290–2.
34. Seelig MS. Interrelationship of magnesium and estrogen in cardiovascular and bone disorders, eclampsia, migraine and premenstrual syndrome. J Am Coll Nutr 1993; 12: 442–58.
35. Jankunas R, Driziene Z, Stakisaitis D et al. Gender-dependent Magnesium Urinary Excretion in Healthy Adolescents and Adults. Acta Medica Lituanica 2001; 8: 167–72.
36. Dante G, Vaiarelli A, Facchinetti F. Vitamin and mineral needs during the oral contraceptive therapy: A systematic review. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol 2016; 3: 1–10.
37. Grossi E, Castiglioni S, Moscheni C et al. Serum magnesium and calcium levels in infertile women during a cycle of reproductive assistance. Magnes Res 2017; 30: 35–41.
38. Gromova O.A., Limanova O.A., Torshin I.Yu. Sistematicheskii analiz eksperimental'nykh i klinicheskikh issledovanii kak obosnovanie neobkhodimosti sovmestnogo ispol'zovaniia estrogensoderzhashchikh preparatov s preparatami magniia i piridoksina. Akusherstvo, ginekologiia i reproduktsiia. 2013; 7 (3): 29–44. [in Russian]
39. Prilepskaya V.N., Nazarova N.M., Mezhevitinova E.A. Primenenie Magne V6 dlia profilaktiki pobochnykh reaktsii gormonal'noi kontratseptsii. Ros. vestn. akushera-ginekologa. 2005; 5. [in Russian]
40. Makatsariya A.D., Dadak K., Bitsadze V.O. Klinicheskie osobennosti u patsientok s gormonal'no-zavisimymi sostoianiiami i defitsitom magniia. Akusherstvo i ginekologiia. 2017, 5: 124–31. [in Russian]
2. Mendes KG, Theodoro H, Rodrigues AD. Menopausal status and metabolic syndrome in women in climacteric period treated at a clinic in Southern Brazil. Open J Endocr Metab Dis 2013; 3 (1): 31–41.
3. Parhizkar S, Latiff LA, Rahman SA et al. Preventive effect of nigella sativa on metabolic syndrome in menopause induced rats. J Med Plants Res 2011; 5 (8): 1478–84.
4. Pinkas J, Bojar I, Owoc A et al. Cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome and health behaviors of postmenopausal women working in agriculture. Arch Med Sci 2017; 13 (5): 1040–8.
5. Stachowiak G, Pertynski T, Pertynska-Marczewska M. Metabolic disorders in menopause. Menopause Rev 2015; 14 (1): 59–64.
6. Sonu Y, Avinash SS, Sreekantha et al. Effect of Oestrogen on Altering the Serum and Urinary Levels of Calcium, Phosphate and Magnesium in Hysterectomised Women Compared to Natural Menopausal South Indian Women: A Case Control Study. Ind J Clin Biochem 2016; 31 (3): 326–31.
7. Castiglioni S, Cazzaniga A, Albisetti W et al. Magnesium and Osteoporosis: Current State of Knowledge and Future Research Directions. Nutrients 2013; 5: 3022–33.
8. Kurabayashi M. Role of magnesium in cardiac metabolism. Clin Calcium 2005; 15 (11): 77–83.
9. Ueshima K. Magnesium and ishemic heart disease: a review of epidemiological, experimental, and clinical evidences. Magnes Res 2005; 18 (4): 275–84.
10. Shechter M. Walnuts and Endothelial Function in Hypercholesterolemic. Subjects Circulation 2004; 110: e58.
11. Costello J. Nebulised magnesium in asthma. Emerg Med J 2004; 21 (5): 586–7.
12. Iannello S, Belfiore F, Hypomagnesemia. A review of pathophysiological, clinical and therapeutical aspects. Panminerva Med 2001; 43 (3): 177–209.
13. Iskra M, Baralkiewicz D, Majewski W et al. Serum magnesium, copper and zinc concentration changes in lower limb ischemia and postoperative treatment. Magnes Res 2005; 18 (4): 261–7.
14. Abbasi M, Farzam SA, Mamaghani Z et al. Relationship between metabolic syndrome and its components with bone densitometry in postmenopausal women. Diabetes Metab Syndrome. Clin Res Rev 2017; 11: 73–6.
15. Nakhjavani M, Imani M, Larry M et al. Metabolic syndrome inpremenopausaland postmenopausal womenwith type 2 diabetes: loss of protective effects of premenopausal status. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2014; 13 (1): 102–8.
16. Громова О.А., Гоголева И.В. Применение магния в зеркале доказательной медицины и фундаментальных исследований в терапии. Дефицит магния и концепция стресса. Фарматека. 2007; 12: 146. / Gromova O.A., Gogoleva I.V. Primenenie magniia v zerkale dokazatel'noi meditsiny i fundamental'nykh issledovanii v terapii. Defitsit magniia i kontseptsiia stressa. Farmateka. 2007; 12: 146. [in Russian]
17. Geiger H, Wanner C. Magnesium in disease. Clin Kidney J 2012; 5: i25–i38.
18. Volpe SL. Magnesium in Disease Prevention and Overall Health. Adv Nutr 2013; 4: 378S–383S.
19. McCarthy JT, Kumar R. Atlas of Diseases of the Kidney: Divalent Cation: Magnesium; Current Medicine. Philadelphia, PA, USA, 1999.
20. De Baaij JHF, Hoenderop JGJ, Bindels RJM. Magnesium in Man: Implications for Health and Disease. Physiol Rev 2015; 95: 1–46.
21. Fulgoni VL, Keast DR, Bailey RL et al. Foods, Fortificants, and Supplements: Where Do Americans Get Their Nutrients? J Nutr 2011; 141: 1847–54.
22. Costello RB, Elin RJ, Rosanoff A et al. Perspective: The Case for an Evidence-Based Reference Interval for Serum Magnesium: The Time Has Come 12345. Adv Nutr 2016; 7: 977–93.
23. Rosenstein DL, Ryschon TW, Niemela JE et al. Skeletal muscle intracellular ionized magnesium measured by 31P-NMR spectroscopy across the menstrual cycle. J Am Coll Nutr 1995; 14: 486–90.
24. What We Eat in America, NHANES 2011–2012, Day 1 Food and Supplement Intake Data. Available online: https://www.ars.usda.gov/ARSUserFiles/80400530/pdf/1112/Table_37_SUP_GEN_11.pdf
25. Magnesium. Office of Dietary Supplements: National Institutes of Health, 2018. Accessed on 23 April 2018.
26. GuoW, Nazim H, Liang Z et al. Magnesium deficiency in plants: An urgent problem. Crop J 2016; 4: 83–91.
27. Ребров В.Г., Громова О.А. Витамины и микроэлементы. М.: Алев-В, 2003. / Rebrov V.G., Gromova O.A. Vitaminy i mikroelementy. M.: Alev-V, 2003. [in Russian]
28. Ершов Ю.А. Химия биогенных элементов. М.: Высшая школа, 2000. / Ershov Yu.A. Khimiia biogennykh elementov. M.: Vysshaia shkola, 2000. [in Russian]
29. Громова О.А., Никонов А.А. Роль и значение магния в патогенезе заболеваний нервной системы. Неврология и психиатрия им. С.С.Корсакова. 2002; 12: 45–9. / Gromova O.A., Nikonov A.A. Rol' i znachenie magniia v patogeneze zabolevanii nervnoi sistemy. Nevrologiia i psikhiatriia im. S.S.Korsakova. 2002; 12: 45–9. [in Russian]
30. Громова О.А., Бухарина Е.В., Галицкая С.А. и др. Коррекция дефицита магния у женщин с предменструальным синдромом. Акушерство и гинекология. 2003; 5: 48–52. / Gromova O.A., Bukharina E.V., Galitskaia S.A. i dr. Korrektsiia defitsita magniia u zhenshchin s predmenstrual'nym sindromom. Akusherstvo i ginekologiia. 2003; 5: 48–52. [in Russian]
31. Спасов А.А. Магний в медицинской практике. Волгоград, 2000. / Spasov A.A. Magnii v meditsinskoi praktike. Volgograd, 2000. [in Russian]
32. Lopez A, Cacoub P, Macdougall IC et al. Iron deficiency anaemia. Lancet 2016; 387: 907–16.
33. Weaver CM, Peacock M. Calcium Adv Nutr 2011; 2: 290–2.
34. Seelig MS. Interrelationship of magnesium and estrogen in cardiovascular and bone disorders, eclampsia, migraine and premenstrual syndrome. J Am Coll Nutr 1993; 12: 442–58.
35. Jankunas R, Driziene Z, Stakisaitis D et al. Gender-dependent Magnesium Urinary Excretion in Healthy Adolescents and Adults. Acta Medica Lituanica 2001; 8: 167–72.
36. Dante G, Vaiarelli A, Facchinetti F. Vitamin and mineral needs during the oral contraceptive therapy: A systematic review. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol 2016; 3: 1–10.
37. Grossi E, Castiglioni S, Moscheni C et al. Serum magnesium and calcium levels in infertile women during a cycle of reproductive assistance. Magnes Res 2017; 30: 35–41.
38. Громова О.А., Лиманова О.А., Торшин И.Ю. Систематический анализ экспериментальных и клинических исследований как обоснование необходимости совместного использования эстрогенсодержащих препаратов с препаратами магния и пиридоксина. Акушерство, гинекология и репродукция. 2013; 7 (3): 29–44. / Gromova O.A., Limanova O.A., Torshin I.Yu. Sistematicheskii analiz eksperimental'nykh i klinicheskikh issledovanii kak obosnovanie neobkhodimosti sovmestnogo ispol'zovaniia estrogensoderzhashchikh preparatov s preparatami magniia i piridoksina. Akusherstvo, ginekologiia i reproduktsiia. 2013; 7 (3): 29–44. [in Russian]
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Авторы
В.Н.Прилепская*, А.Н.Мгерян, Е.А.Межевитинова
ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии им. акад. В.И.Кулакова» Минздрава России. 117997, Россия, Москва, ул. Академика Опарина, д. 4
*VPrilepskaya@mail.ru
V.I.Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 117997, Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. Akademika Oparina, d. 4
*VPrilepskaya@mail.ru
ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии им. акад. В.И.Кулакова» Минздрава России. 117997, Россия, Москва, ул. Академика Опарина, д. 4
*VPrilepskaya@mail.ru
________________________________________________
V.I.Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 117997, Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. Akademika Oparina, d. 4
*VPrilepskaya@mail.ru
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