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Факторы, влияющие на трудности диагностики и профилактики хламидийной инфекции
Дубровина С.О., Рубаник Л.В., Aрдинцева О.А., Гимбут В.С. Факторы, влияющие на трудности диагностики и профилактики хламидийной инфекции. Гинекология. 2019; 21 (3): 26–29.
DOI: 10.26442/20795696.2019.3.190522
DOI: 10.26442/20795696.2019.3.190522
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Dubrovina S.O., Rubanik L.V., Ardintseva O.A., Gimbut V.S. Factors affecting the difficulty of diagnosing and preventing chlamydial infection. Gynecology. 2019; 21 (3): 26–29. DOI: 10.26442/20795696.2019.3.190522
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Аннотация
В данной публикации представлены современные методы лабораторной диагностики хламидийной инфекции. Значительную роль при этом играют локализация первичного очага, длительность нахождения в организме хозяина и вариабельность иммунологического ответа. Различие в развитии иммунологических реакций определяется генетическими факторами организма, особенностями антигенной структуры штаммов Chlamydia trachomatis и участием факторов врожденной резистентности.
Ключевые слова: Chlamydia trachomatis, диагностика, иммунологический ответ, женское бесплодие трубного генеза.
Ключевые слова: Chlamydia trachomatis, диагностика, иммунологический ответ, женское бесплодие трубного генеза.
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This publication briefly reviews contemporary methods of laboratory diagnosis of chlamydial infection. Differences in the development of immune response are due to genetic factors in the body, especially the antigenic structure of strains of Chlamydia trachomatis and the influence of innate resistance factors.
Key words: Chlamydia trachomatis, diagnostics, immune response, female infertility of tubal genesis.
Полный текст
Список литературы
1. Hoenderboom BM, van Benthem BHB, van Bergen JEAM et al. Relation between Chlamydia trachomatis infection and pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy and tubal factor infertility in a Dutch cohort study: Proceedings of the Fourteenth international symposium on human chlamydial infections. 2018, July 1–6; Zeist, The Netherlands; p. 65–9.
2. Clement S, Banniettis N, Hammerschlag MR et al. The effect of prenatal screening for Chlamydia trachomatis on Chlamydia conjunctivitis in infants: Proceedings of the Fourteenth international symposium on human chlamydial infections. 2018, July 1–6; Zeist, The Netherlands; p. 199–201.
3. Van Wees DA, Heijne JCM, Heijman Т et al. Treating underlying psychology rather than symptoms: identifying behavioral and psychological risk determinants for Chlamydia infection: Proceedings of the Fourteenth international symposium on human chlamydial infections. 2018, July 1–6; Zeist, The Netherlands; p. 145–9.
4. Wijers JNAP, van Liere GAFS, Dukers-Muijrers NHTM et al. Geographical clustering of Chlamydia trachomatis infections in the Netherlands, 2013–2015: Proceedings of the Fourteenth international symposium on human chlamydial infections. 2018, July 1–6; Zeist, The Netherlands; p. 203–6.
5. Janssen KJH, Hoebe CJPA, Dukers-Muijrers NHTM, Wolffs PFG. Assessment of total and viable load in urogenital and anorectal Chlamydia trachomatis positive samples: Proceedings of the Fourteenth international symposium on human chlamydial infections. 2018, July 1–6; Zeist, The Netherlands; p. 207–10.
6. Phillips S, Vodstreil LA, Huston WM et al. Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis mRNA using digital PCR as a more accurate markers of viable infection: Proceedings of the Fourteenth international symposium on human chlamydial infections. 2018, July 1–6; Zeist, The Netherlands; p. 349–52.
7. Herrmann B. A new genetic variant of Chlamydia trachomatis. Sex Transm Infect 2007; 83 (4): 253–4. DOI: 10.1136/sti.2007.026260
8. Moghaddam A, Reinton N. Identification of the Swedish Chlamydia trachomatis variant among patients attending a STI clinic in Oslo, Norway. Euro Surveill 2007; 12 (3): E061109.2.
9. Barbeyrac B, Raharison S, Cado S et al. French situation concerning the Swedish Chlamydia trachomatis variant. Euro Surveill 2007; 12 (10): 11–2.
10. New variant Chlamydia trachomatis in Scotland. HPS weekly report 2008; 42: 323–4. http://www.documents.hps.scot.nhs.uk/labs/sbstirl/
11. Niemi S, Hiltunen-Back E, Puolakkainen M. Chlamydia trachomatis Genotypes and the Swedish New Variant among Urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis Strains in Finland. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 2011; 481890. DOI: 10.1155/2011/481890
12. Pineiro L, Bernal S, Bordes A et al. Minimum spread of the new Swedish variant of Chlamydia trachomatis and distribution of C. trachomatis ompA genotypes in three geographically distant areas of Spain, 2011–2012. Infection 2014; 42 (5): 905–12. DOI: 10.1007/s15010-014-0665-6
13. Van der Pol B, Boutwell A, Daniel G et al. Distribution of Chlamydia trachomatis organism load in specimens determined using real-time PCR: Proceedings of the Fourteenth international symposium on human chlamydial infections. 2018, July 1–6; Zeist, The Netherlands; p. 371–3.
14. Chernesky M, Jang D, Arias M et al. Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae and M. genitalium with aptima assays performed on self-obtained vaginal swabs and urine collected in clinic and at home: Proceedings of the Fourteenth international symposium on human chlamydial infections. 2018, July 1–6; Zeist, The Netherlands; p. 345–8.
15. Horner PJ, Wills GS, Reynolds R et al. Effect of time since exposure to Chlamydia trachomatis on Chlamydia antibody detection in women: across-sectional study. Sex Transm Infect 2013; 89 (5): 398–403. DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2011-050386
16. Van Aar F, de Moraes M, Morre SA et al. Chlamydia trachomatis IgG seroprevalence in the general population of the Netherlands in 1996 and in 2007: differential changes by gender and age. Sex Transm Infect 2014; 90 (5): 434–40. DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2013-051074
17. Van Aar F, de Moraes M, Morré SA et al. Chlamydia trachomatis IgG seroprevalence in the general population of the Netherlands in 1996 and in 2007: differential changes by gender and age. Sex Transm Infect 2014; 90 (5): 343–40. DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2013-051074
18. Bailey RL, Natividad-Sancho A, Fowier A et al. Host genetic contribution to the cellular immune response to Chlamydia trachomatis: Heritability estimate from a Gambian twin study. Drugs Today (Barc) 2009; 45 (Suppl. В): 45–50. PMID: 20011694
19. Van den Broek IV, Land JA, van Bergen JE et al. Chlamydia trachomatis antibody testing in vaginal mucosal material versus blood samples of women attending a fertility clinic and an STI clinic. Obstet Gynecol Int 2014; 2014: 601932. DOI:10.1155/2014/601932
20. Rantsi T, Joki-Korpela P, Hokynar K et al. New serological biomarkers for Chlamydia trachomatis related tubal factor infertility: Proceedings of the Fourteenth international symposium on human chlamydial infections. 2018, July 1–6; Zeist, The Netherlands; p. 239–42.
21. Rantsi T, Joki-Korpela P, Hokynar K et al. Serological markers of persistent Chlamydial trachomatis infection are associated with elevated body mass index in subfertile women: Proceedings of the Fourteenth international symposium on human chlamydial infections. 2018, July 1–6; Zeist, The Netherlands; p. 195–8.
22. Ma CG, Tan JF, Jiang HY et al. Detection of Chlamydial 16S ribosomal RNA and chlamydial proteins in the tubal tissues of chlamydia trachomatis-IgG seropositive tube factor infertile women: Proceedings of the Fourteenth international symposium on human chlamydial infections. 2018, July 1–6; Zeist, The Netherlands; p. 179–81.
23. Rank R, Yeruva L. Hidden in plain sight: chlamydial gastrointestinal infection and its relevance to persistence in human genital infection. Infection Immunity 2014; 82 (4): 1362–71. DOI: 10.1128/IAI.01244-13
24. Tian Q, Wang L, Lin H et al. the impact of gastrointestinal Chlamydia on genital tract pathology depends on the site of 1st exposure to Chlamydia: Proceedings of the Fourteenth international symposium on human chlamydial infections. 2018, July 1–6; Zeist, The Netherlands; p. 475–8.
25. Borel M., Pospischil A, Marti H et al. Chlamydia in intestinal biopsy samples: Proceedings of the Fourteenth international symposium on human chlamydial infections. 2018, July 1–6; Zeist, The Netherlands; p. 113–8.
26. Croxatto A, Greub G. Early intracellular trafficking of Waddlia chondrophila in human macrophages. Microbiology 2009; 156 (2): 340–55. DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.034546-0
27. Ammerdorffer A, Stojanov M, Greubet G, Baud D. Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia-like bacteria: new enemies of human pregnancies. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2017; 30 (3): 289–96. DOI: 10.1097/qco.0000000000000369
28. Bertelli C, Cisse OH, Rusconi B et al. CRISPR System Acquisition and evolution of an obligate intracellular Chlamydia-related bacterium. Genome Biol Evol 2016; 8 (8): 2376–86. DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evw138
29. Borel N, Pannekoek Y. From many Chlamydiae to one health: Proceedings of the Fourteenth international symposium on human chlamydial infections. 2018, July 1–6; Zeist, The Netherlands; p. 675–84.
30. Bertelli C, Cisse OH, Rusconi B et al. CRISPR System Acquisition and evolution of an obligate intracellular Chlamydia-related bacterium. Genome Biol Evol 2016; 8 (8): 2376–86. DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evw138
2. Clement S, Banniettis N, Hammerschlag MR et al. The effect of prenatal screening for Chlamydia trachomatis on Chlamydia conjunctivitis in infants: Proceedings of the Fourteenth international symposium on human chlamydial infections. 2018, July 1–6; Zeist, The Netherlands; p. 199–201.
3. Van Wees DA, Heijne JCM, Heijman Т et al. Treating underlying psychology rather than symptoms: identifying behavioral and psychological risk determinants for Chlamydia infection: Proceedings of the Fourteenth international symposium on human chlamydial infections. 2018, July 1–6; Zeist, The Netherlands; p. 145–9.
4. Wijers JNAP, van Liere GAFS, Dukers-Muijrers NHTM et al. Geographical clustering of Chlamydia trachomatis infections in the Netherlands, 2013–2015: Proceedings of the Fourteenth international symposium on human chlamydial infections. 2018, July 1–6; Zeist, The Netherlands; p. 203–6.
5. Janssen KJH, Hoebe CJPA, Dukers-Muijrers NHTM, Wolffs PFG. Assessment of total and viable load in urogenital and anorectal Chlamydia trachomatis positive samples: Proceedings of the Fourteenth international symposium on human chlamydial infections. 2018, July 1–6; Zeist, The Netherlands; p. 207–10.
6. Phillips S, Vodstreil LA, Huston WM et al. Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis mRNA using digital PCR as a more accurate markers of viable infection: Proceedings of the Fourteenth international symposium on human chlamydial infections. 2018, July 1–6; Zeist, The Netherlands; p. 349–52.
7. Herrmann B. A new genetic variant of Chlamydia trachomatis. Sex Transm Infect 2007; 83 (4): 253–4. DOI: 10.1136/sti.2007.026260
8. Moghaddam A, Reinton N. Identification of the Swedish Chlamydia trachomatis variant among patients attending a STI clinic in Oslo, Norway. Euro Surveill 2007; 12 (3): E061109.2.
9. Barbeyrac B, Raharison S, Cado S et al. French situation concerning the Swedish Chlamydia trachomatis variant. Euro Surveill 2007; 12 (10): 11–2.
10. New variant Chlamydia trachomatis in Scotland. HPS weekly report 2008; 42: 323–4. http://www.documents.hps.scot.nhs.uk/labs/sbstirl/
11. Niemi S, Hiltunen-Back E, Puolakkainen M. Chlamydia trachomatis Genotypes and the Swedish New Variant among Urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis Strains in Finland. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 2011; 481890. DOI: 10.1155/2011/481890
12. Pineiro L, Bernal S, Bordes A et al. Minimum spread of the new Swedish variant of Chlamydia trachomatis and distribution of C. trachomatis ompA genotypes in three geographically distant areas of Spain, 2011–2012. Infection 2014; 42 (5): 905–12. DOI: 10.1007/s15010-014-0665-6
13. Van der Pol B, Boutwell A, Daniel G et al. Distribution of Chlamydia trachomatis organism load in specimens determined using real-time PCR: Proceedings of the Fourteenth international symposium on human chlamydial infections. 2018, July 1–6; Zeist, The Netherlands; p. 371–3.
14. Chernesky M, Jang D, Arias M et al. Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae and M. genitalium with aptima assays performed on self-obtained vaginal swabs and urine collected in clinic and at home: Proceedings of the Fourteenth international symposium on human chlamydial infections. 2018, July 1–6; Zeist, The Netherlands; p. 345–8.
15. Horner PJ, Wills GS, Reynolds R et al. Effect of time since exposure to Chlamydia trachomatis on Chlamydia antibody detection in women: across-sectional study. Sex Transm Infect 2013; 89 (5): 398–403. DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2011-050386
16. Van Aar F, de Moraes M, Morre SA et al. Chlamydia trachomatis IgG seroprevalence in the general population of the Netherlands in 1996 and in 2007: differential changes by gender and age. Sex Transm Infect 2014; 90 (5): 434–40. DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2013-051074
17. Van Aar F, de Moraes M, Morré SA et al. Chlamydia trachomatis IgG seroprevalence in the general population of the Netherlands in 1996 and in 2007: differential changes by gender and age. Sex Transm Infect 2014; 90 (5): 343–40. DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2013-051074
18. Bailey RL, Natividad-Sancho A, Fowier A et al. Host genetic contribution to the cellular immune response to Chlamydia trachomatis: Heritability estimate from a Gambian twin study. Drugs Today (Barc) 2009; 45 (Suppl. В): 45–50. PMID: 20011694
19. Van den Broek IV, Land JA, van Bergen JE et al. Chlamydia trachomatis antibody testing in vaginal mucosal material versus blood samples of women attending a fertility clinic and an STI clinic. Obstet Gynecol Int 2014; 2014: 601932. DOI:10.1155/2014/601932
20. Rantsi T, Joki-Korpela P, Hokynar K et al. New serological biomarkers for Chlamydia trachomatis related tubal factor infertility: Proceedings of the Fourteenth international symposium on human chlamydial infections. 2018, July 1–6; Zeist, The Netherlands; p. 239–42.
21. Rantsi T, Joki-Korpela P, Hokynar K et al. Serological markers of persistent Chlamydial trachomatis infection are associated with elevated body mass index in subfertile women: Proceedings of the Fourteenth international symposium on human chlamydial infections. 2018, July 1–6; Zeist, The Netherlands; p. 195–8.
22. Ma CG, Tan JF, Jiang HY et al. Detection of Chlamydial 16S ribosomal RNA and chlamydial proteins in the tubal tissues of chlamydia trachomatis-IgG seropositive tube factor infertile women: Proceedings of the Fourteenth international symposium on human chlamydial infections. 2018, July 1–6; Zeist, The Netherlands; p. 179–81.
23. Rank R, Yeruva L. Hidden in plain sight: chlamydial gastrointestinal infection and its relevance to persistence in human genital infection. Infection Immunity 2014; 82 (4): 1362–71. DOI: 10.1128/IAI.01244-13
24. Tian Q, Wang L, Lin H et al. the impact of gastrointestinal Chlamydia on genital tract pathology depends on the site of 1st exposure to Chlamydia: Proceedings of the Fourteenth international symposium on human chlamydial infections. 2018, July 1–6; Zeist, The Netherlands; p. 475–8.
25. Borel M., Pospischil A, Marti H et al. Chlamydia in intestinal biopsy samples: Proceedings of the Fourteenth international symposium on human chlamydial infections. 2018, July 1–6; Zeist, The Netherlands; p. 113–8.
26. Croxatto A, Greub G. Early intracellular trafficking of Waddlia chondrophila in human macrophages. Microbiology 2009; 156 (2): 340–55. DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.034546-0
27. Ammerdorffer A, Stojanov M, Greubet G, Baud D. Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia-like bacteria: new enemies of human pregnancies. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2017; 30 (3): 289–96. DOI: 10.1097/qco.0000000000000369
28. Bertelli C, Cisse OH, Rusconi B et al. CRISPR System Acquisition and evolution of an obligate intracellular Chlamydia-related bacterium. Genome Biol Evol 2016; 8 (8): 2376–86. DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evw138
29. Borel N, Pannekoek Y. From many Chlamydiae to one health: Proceedings of the Fourteenth international symposium on human chlamydial infections. 2018, July 1–6; Zeist, The Netherlands; p. 675–84.
30. Bertelli C, Cisse OH, Rusconi B et al. CRISPR System Acquisition and evolution of an obligate intracellular Chlamydia-related bacterium. Genome Biol Evol 2016; 8 (8): 2376–86. DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evw138
________________________________________________
1. Hoenderboom BM, van Benthem BHB, van Bergen JEAM et al. Relation between Chlamydia trachomatis infection and pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy and tubal factor infertility in a Dutch cohort study: Proceedings of the Fourteenth international symposium on human chlamydial infections. 2018, July 1–6; Zeist, The Netherlands; p. 65–9.
2. Clement S, Banniettis N, Hammerschlag MR et al. The effect of prenatal screening for Chlamydia trachomatis on Chlamydia conjunctivitis in infants: Proceedings of the Fourteenth international symposium on human chlamydial infections. 2018, July 1–6; Zeist, The Netherlands; p. 199–201.
3. Van Wees DA, Heijne JCM, Heijman Т et al. Treating underlying psychology rather than symptoms: identifying behavioral and psychological risk determinants for Chlamydia infection: Proceedings of the Fourteenth international symposium on human chlamydial infections. 2018, July 1–6; Zeist, The Netherlands; p. 145–9.
4. Wijers JNAP, van Liere GAFS, Dukers-Muijrers NHTM et al. Geographical clustering of Chlamydia trachomatis infections in the Netherlands, 2013–2015: Proceedings of the Fourteenth international symposium on human chlamydial infections. 2018, July 1–6; Zeist, The Netherlands; p. 203–6.
5. Janssen KJH, Hoebe CJPA, Dukers-Muijrers NHTM, Wolffs PFG. Assessment of total and viable load in urogenital and anorectal Chlamydia trachomatis positive samples: Proceedings of the Fourteenth international symposium on human chlamydial infections. 2018, July 1–6; Zeist, The Netherlands; p. 207–10.
6. Phillips S, Vodstreil LA, Huston WM et al. Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis mRNA using digital PCR as a more accurate markers of viable infection: Proceedings of the Fourteenth international symposium on human chlamydial infections. 2018, July 1–6; Zeist, The Netherlands; p. 349–52.
7. Herrmann B. A new genetic variant of Chlamydia trachomatis. Sex Transm Infect 2007; 83 (4): 253–4. DOI: 10.1136/sti.2007.026260
8. Moghaddam A, Reinton N. Identification of the Swedish Chlamydia trachomatis variant among patients attending a STI clinic in Oslo, Norway. Euro Surveill 2007; 12 (3): E061109.2.
9. Barbeyrac B, Raharison S, Cado S et al. French situation concerning the Swedish Chlamydia trachomatis variant. Euro Surveill 2007; 12 (10): 11–2.
10. New variant Chlamydia trachomatis in Scotland. HPS weekly report 2008; 42: 323–4. http://www.documents.hps.scot.nhs.uk/labs/sbstirl/
11. Niemi S, Hiltunen-Back E, Puolakkainen M. Chlamydia trachomatis Genotypes and the Swedish New Variant among Urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis Strains in Finland. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 2011; 481890. DOI: 10.1155/2011/481890
12. Pineiro L, Bernal S, Bordes A et al. Minimum spread of the new Swedish variant of Chlamydia trachomatis and distribution of C. trachomatis ompA genotypes in three geographically distant areas of Spain, 2011–2012. Infection 2014; 42 (5): 905–12. DOI: 10.1007/s15010-014-0665-6
13. Van der Pol B, Boutwell A, Daniel G et al. Distribution of Chlamydia trachomatis organism load in specimens determined using real-time PCR: Proceedings of the Fourteenth international symposium on human chlamydial infections. 2018, July 1–6; Zeist, The Netherlands; p. 371–3.
14. Chernesky M, Jang D, Arias M et al. Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae and M. genitalium with aptima assays performed on self-obtained vaginal swabs and urine collected in clinic and at home: Proceedings of the Fourteenth international symposium on human chlamydial infections. 2018, July 1–6; Zeist, The Netherlands; p. 345–8.
15. Horner PJ, Wills GS, Reynolds R et al. Effect of time since exposure to Chlamydia trachomatis on Chlamydia antibody detection in women: across-sectional study. Sex Transm Infect 2013; 89 (5): 398–403. DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2011-050386
16. Van Aar F, de Moraes M, Morre SA et al. Chlamydia trachomatis IgG seroprevalence in the general population of the Netherlands in 1996 and in 2007: differential changes by gender and age. Sex Transm Infect 2014; 90 (5): 434–40. DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2013-051074
17. Van Aar F, de Moraes M, Morré SA et al. Chlamydia trachomatis IgG seroprevalence in the general population of the Netherlands in 1996 and in 2007: differential changes by gender and age. Sex Transm Infect 2014; 90 (5): 343–40. DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2013-051074
18. Bailey RL, Natividad-Sancho A, Fowier A et al. Host genetic contribution to the cellular immune response to Chlamydia trachomatis: Heritability estimate from a Gambian twin study. Drugs Today (Barc) 2009; 45 (Suppl. В): 45–50. PMID: 20011694
19. Van den Broek IV, Land JA, van Bergen JE et al. Chlamydia trachomatis antibody testing in vaginal mucosal material versus blood samples of women attending a fertility clinic and an STI clinic. Obstet Gynecol Int 2014; 2014: 601932. DOI:10.1155/2014/601932
20. Rantsi T, Joki-Korpela P, Hokynar K et al. New serological biomarkers for Chlamydia trachomatis related tubal factor infertility: Proceedings of the Fourteenth international symposium on human chlamydial infections. 2018, July 1–6; Zeist, The Netherlands; p. 239–42.
21. Rantsi T, Joki-Korpela P, Hokynar K et al. Serological markers of persistent Chlamydial trachomatis infection are associated with elevated body mass index in subfertile women: Proceedings of the Fourteenth international symposium on human chlamydial infections. 2018, July 1–6; Zeist, The Netherlands; p. 195–8.
22. Ma CG, Tan JF, Jiang HY et al. Detection of Chlamydial 16S ribosomal RNA and chlamydial proteins in the tubal tissues of chlamydia trachomatis-IgG seropositive tube factor infertile women: Proceedings of the Fourteenth international symposium on human chlamydial infections. 2018, July 1–6; Zeist, The Netherlands; p. 179–81.
23. Rank R, Yeruva L. Hidden in plain sight: chlamydial gastrointestinal infection and its relevance to persistence in human genital infection. Infection Immunity 2014; 82 (4): 1362–71. DOI: 10.1128/IAI.01244-13
24. Tian Q, Wang L, Lin H et al. the impact of gastrointestinal Chlamydia on genital tract pathology depends on the site of 1st exposure to Chlamydia: Proceedings of the Fourteenth international symposium on human chlamydial infections. 2018, July 1–6; Zeist, The Netherlands; p. 475–8.
25. Borel M., Pospischil A, Marti H et al. Chlamydia in intestinal biopsy samples: Proceedings of the Fourteenth international symposium on human chlamydial infections. 2018, July 1–6; Zeist, The Netherlands; p. 113–8.
26. Croxatto A, Greub G. Early intracellular trafficking of Waddlia chondrophila in human macrophages. Microbiology 2009; 156 (2): 340–55. DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.034546-0
27. Ammerdorffer A, Stojanov M, Greubet G, Baud D. Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia-like bacteria: new enemies of human pregnancies. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2017; 30 (3): 289–96. DOI: 10.1097/qco.0000000000000369
28. Bertelli C, Cisse OH, Rusconi B et al. CRISPR System Acquisition and evolution of an obligate intracellular Chlamydia-related bacterium. Genome Biol Evol 2016; 8 (8): 2376–86. DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evw138
29. Borel N, Pannekoek Y. From many Chlamydiae to one health: Proceedings of the Fourteenth international symposium on human chlamydial infections. 2018, July 1–6; Zeist, The Netherlands; p. 675–84.
30. Bertelli C, Cisse OH, Rusconi B et al. CRISPR System Acquisition and evolution of an obligate intracellular Chlamydia-related bacterium. Genome Biol Evol 2016; 8 (8): 2376–86. DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evw138
Авторы
С.О. Дубровина*1, Л.В. Рубаник2, О.А. Aрдинцева1, В.С. Гимбут1
1. ФГБОУ ВО «Ростовский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России, Ростов-на-Дону, Россия;
2. ГУ «Республиканский научно-практический центр эпидемиологии и микробиологии», Минск, Республика Беларусь
*s.dubrovina@gmail.com
1. ФГБОУ ВО «Ростовский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России, Ростов-на-Дону, Россия;
2. ГУ «Республиканский научно-практический центр эпидемиологии и микробиологии», Минск, Республика Беларусь
*s.dubrovina@gmail.com
________________________________________________
Svetlana O. Dubrovina*1, Liudmila V. Rubanik2, Oksana A. Ardintseva1, Vitaliy S. Gimbut1
1. Rostov State Medical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia;
2. Republican Research and Practical Сenter for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Minsk, Republic of Belarus
*s.dubrovina@gmail.com
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