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Возможности сохранения овариального резерва при лечении онкологических заболеваний
Возможности сохранения овариального резерва при лечении онкологических заболеваний
Доброхотова Ю.Э., Морозова К.В. Возможности сохранения овариального резерва при лечении онкологических заболеваний. Гинекология. 2019; 21 (6): 21–25.
DOI: 10.26442/20795696.2019.6.190709
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Материалы доступны только для специалистов сферы здравоохранения. Авторизуйтесь или зарегистрируйтесь.
Аннотация
В данной статье приведены результаты многолетних исследований, посвященных проблеме сохранения овариального резерва у онкологических больных.
В представленный обзор включены 64 литературных источника. В обзоре приведены основные методы сохранения функции яичников в ходе лечения злокачественных заболеваний у пациенток репродуктивного периода. Учитывая возрастающее число онкобольных в группе пациенток репродуктивного периода, перед современной медициной стоит задача не только провести эффективное противоопухолевое лечение, но и постараться сохранить функцию яичников с целью поддержания гормонального фона и фертильности. К сожалению, большинство методов лечения онкологических заболеваний приводит к угнетению функции яичников. Благодаря современным подходам существуют лекарственные методики защиты от угнетения яичников, что позволяет добиться сохранения гормональной функции и после излечения от онкологического заболевания вернуться к вопросу реализации репродуктивных задач.
Ключевые слова: рак молочной железы, агонисты гонадотропин-рилизинг-гормона, сохранение функции яичников.
Key words: breast cancer, gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists, preservation of ovarian function.
В представленный обзор включены 64 литературных источника. В обзоре приведены основные методы сохранения функции яичников в ходе лечения злокачественных заболеваний у пациенток репродуктивного периода. Учитывая возрастающее число онкобольных в группе пациенток репродуктивного периода, перед современной медициной стоит задача не только провести эффективное противоопухолевое лечение, но и постараться сохранить функцию яичников с целью поддержания гормонального фона и фертильности. К сожалению, большинство методов лечения онкологических заболеваний приводит к угнетению функции яичников. Благодаря современным подходам существуют лекарственные методики защиты от угнетения яичников, что позволяет добиться сохранения гормональной функции и после излечения от онкологического заболевания вернуться к вопросу реализации репродуктивных задач.
Ключевые слова: рак молочной железы, агонисты гонадотропин-рилизинг-гормона, сохранение функции яичников.
________________________________________________
Key words: breast cancer, gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists, preservation of ovarian function.
Полный текст
Список литературы
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29. Wallace WHB, Thomson AB, Saran F, Kelsey TW. Predicting age of ovarian failure after radiation to a field that includes the ovaries. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2005; 62 (3): 738–44.
30. Kalich-Philosoph L, Roness H, Carmely A et al. Cyclophosphamide triggers follicle activation and “burnout”; AS101 prevents follicle loss and preserves fertility. Sci Transl Med 2013; 5 (185): 185ra62.
31. Anderson RA, Mitchell RT, Kelsey TW et al. Cancer treatment and gonadal function: experimental and established strategies for fertility preservation in children and young adults. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2015; 3 (7): 556–67.
32. Meirow D, Raanani H, Maman E et al. Tamoxifen co-administration during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation for in vitro fertilization in breast cancer patients increases the safety of fertility – preservation treatment strategies. Fertil Steril 2014; 102 (2): 488–95.
33. Revelli A, Porcu E, Levi Setti PE et al. Is letrozole needed for controlled ovarian stimulation in patients with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer? Gynecol Endocrinol 2013; 29 (11): 993–6.
34. Oktay K, Demirtas E, Son W-Y et al. In vitro maturation of germinal vesicle oocytes recovered after premature luteinizing hormone surge: description of a novel approach to fertility preservation. Fertil Steril 2008; 89 (1): 228.e19–22.
35. Cao Y-X, Chian R-C. Fertility preservation with immature and in vitro matured oocytes. Semin Reprod Med 2009; 27 (6): 456–64.
36. Prasath EB, Chan MLH, Wong WHW et al. First pregnancy and live birth resulting from cryopreserved embryos obtained from in vitro matured oocytes after oophorectomy in an ovarian cancer patient. Hum Reprod 2014; 29 (2): 276–8.
37. Lambertini M, Ginsburg ES, Partridge AH. Update on fertility preservation in young women undergoing breast cancer and ovarian cancer therapy. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2015; 27 (1): 98–107.
38. Clowse MEB, Behera MA, Anders CK et al. Ovarian preservation by GnRH agonists during chemotherapy: a meta-analysis. J Womens Health 2009; 18 (3): 311–9.
39. Lambertini M, Ceppi M, Poggio F et al. Ovarian suppression using luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists during chemotherapy to preserve ovarian function and fertility of breast cancer patients: a meta-analysis of randomized studies. Ann Oncol 2015; 26 (12): 2408–19.
40. Moore HCF, Unger JM, Phillips K-A et al. Goserelin for ovarian protection during breast-cancer adjuvant chemotherapy. N Engl J Med 2015; 372 (10): 923–32.
41. Lambertini M, Boni L, Michelotti A et al. Ovarian suppression with triptorelin during adjuvant breast cancer chemotherapy and long-term ovarian function, pregnancies, and disease-free survival. A randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2015; 314 (24): 2632–40.
42. Del Mastro L, Boni L, Michelotti A et al. Effect of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue triptorelin on the occurrence of chemotherapy-induced early menopause in premenopausal women with breast cancer: a randomized trial. JAMA 2011; 306 (3): 269–76.
43. Solé M, Santaló J, Boada M et al. How does vitrification affect oocyte viability in oocyte donation cycles? A prospective study to compare outcomes achieved with fresh versus vitrified sibling oocytes. Hum Reprod 2013; 28 (8): 2087–92.
44. Fang Bai, Yunshu Lu, Kejin Wu et al. Protecting Effects of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist on Chemotherapy-Induced Ovarian Damage in Premenopausal Breast Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Breast Care 2017 (12): 48–52. DOI: 10.1159/000454983
45. Peccatori FA, Azim HA Jr, Orecchia R et al; ESMO Guidelines Working Group. Cancer, pregnancy and fertility: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 2013; 24 (Suppl. 6): vi160–vi170.
46. Lambertini M, Del Mastro L, Viglietti G et al. Ovarian function suppression in premenopausal women with early-stage breast cancer. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2017; 18: 4. DOI 10.1007/s11864-017-0442-8
47. Partridge AH. Chemotherapy in premenopausal breast cancer patients. Breast Care 2015; 10 (5): 307–10.
48. Poggio F, Levaggi A, Lambertini M. Chemotherapy-induced premature ovarian failure and its prevention in premenopausal breast cancer patients. Expert Rev Quality Life Cancer Care 2016; 1 (1): 5–7.
49. Paluch-Shimon S, Pagani O, Partridge AH et al. Second international consensus guidelines for breast cancer in young women (BCY2). Breast 2016; 26: 87–99.
50. Lambertini M, Poggio F, Vaglica M et al. News on the medical treatment of young women with early-stage HER2-negative breast cancer. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2016; 17 (12): 1643–55.
51. Del Mastro L, Rossi G, Lambertini M et al. New insights on the role of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone agonists in premenopausal early breast cancer patients. Cancer Treat Rev 2016; 42: 18–23.
52. Burstein HJ, Lacchetti C, Anderson H et al. Adjuvant endocrine therapy for women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline update on ovarian suppression. J Clin Oncol 2016; 34 (14): 1689–701.
53. Bellet M, Gray KP, Francis PA et al. Twelve-month estro- gen levels in premenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer receiving adjuvant triptorelin plus exemestane or tamoxifen in the suppression of ovarian function trial (SOFT): the SOFT-EST substudy. J Clin Oncol 2016; 34 (14): 1584–93.
54. Woodruff TK, Smith K, Gradishar W. Oncologists’ role in patient fertility care: a call to action. JAMA Oncol 2016; 2 (2): 171–2.
55. Turner NH, Partridge A, Sanna G et al. Utility of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists for fertility preservation in young breast cancer patients: the benefit remains uncertain. Ann Oncol 2013; 24 (9): 2224–35.
55. Del Mastro L, Lambertini M. Temporary ovarian suppression with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist during chemotherapy for fertility preservation: toward the end of the debate? Oncologist 2015; 20 (11): 1233–5.
57. Moore HCF, Unger JM, Phillips K-A et al. Goserelin for ovarian protection during breast-cancer adjuvant chemotherapy. N Engl J Med 2015; 372 (10): 923–32.
58. Pagani O, Ruggeri M, Manunta S et al. Pregnancy after breast cancer: are young patients willing to participate in clinical studies? Breast 2015; 24 (3): 201–7.
59. Lambertini M, Del Mastro L. Fertility preservation in BRCA-mutated breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Manag 2016; 5 (2): 61–8.
60. Tiong V, Rozita AM, Taib NA et al. Incidence of chemotherapy-induced ovarian failure in premenopausal women undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer. World J Surg 2014; 38: 2288–96.
61. Ganz PA, Land SR, Geyer CE Jr et al. Menstrual history and quality-of-life outcomes in women with node-positive breast cancer treated with adjuvant therapy on the NSABPB-30 trial. J Clin Oncol 2011; 29: 1110–6.
62. Sivasubramaniam PG, Zhang BL et al. Breast cancer disparities:
A multicenter comparison of tumor diagnosis, characteristics, and surgical treatment in China and the U.S. Oncologist 2015; 20: 1044–50.
63. Ives A, Saunders C, Bulsara M, Semmens J. Pregnancy after breast cancer: population based study. BMJ 2007; 334 (7586): 194.
64. Lawrenz B, Henes M, Neunhoeffer E et al. Pregnancy after successful cancer treatment: what needs to be considered? Onkologie 2012; 35 (3): 128–32.
2. Johnson J-A, Tough S. Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada, Delayed child-bearing. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2012; 34 (1): 80–93.
3. Rosen A, Rodriguez-Wallberg KA, Rosenzweig L. Psychosocial distress in young cancer survivors. Semin Oncol Nurs 2009; 25 (4): 268–77.
4. Canada AL, Schover LR. The psychosocial impact of interrupted childbearing in long-term female cancer survivors. Psychooncology 2012; 21 (2): 134–43.
5. Gorman JR, Bailey S, Pierce JP, Su HI. How do you feel about fertility and parenthood? The voices of young female cancer survivors. J Cancer Surviv Res Pract 2012; 6 (2): 200–9.
6. Partridge AH, Gelber S, Peppercorn J et al. Web-based survey of fertility issues in young women with breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2004;
22 (20): 4174–83.
7. Ruddy KJ, Gelber SI, Tamimi RM et al. Prospective study of fertility concerns and preservation strategies in young women with breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2014; 32 (11): 1151–6.
8. Senkus E, Gomez H, Dirix L et al. Attitudes of young patients with breast cancer toward fertility loss related to adjuvant systemic therapies. EORTC study 10002 BIG 3–98. Psychooncology 2014; 23 (2): 173–82.
9. Lee SJ, Schover LR, Partridge AH et al. American Society of Clinical Oncology recommendations on fertility preservation in cancer patients. J Clin Oncol 2006; 24 (18): 2917–31.
10. Loren AW, Mangu PB, Beck LN et al. Fertility Preservation for Patients With Cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline Update. J Clin Oncol 2013; 31 (19): 2500–10.
11. Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Dikshit R et al. Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: Sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012. Int J Cancer 2015; 136: E359–386.
12. Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group (EBCTCG): Effects of chemotherapy and hormonal therapy for early breast cancer on recurrence and 15- year survival: An overview of the randomised trials. Lancet 2005; 365: 1687–717.
13. Sukumvanich P, Case LD, Van Zee K et al. Incidence and time course of bleeding after long-term amenorrhea after breast cancer treatment. Cancer 2011; 116: 3102–11.
14. Blumenfeld Z, von Wolff M. GnRH analogues and oral contraceptives for fertility preservation in women during chemotherapy. Hum Reprod Update 2008; 14: 543–52.
15. Lambertini M, Del Mastro L, Pescio MC et al. Cancer and fertility preservation: international recommendations from an expert meeting. BMC Medicine 2016; 14 (1): 1. DOI: 10.1186/s12916-015-0545-7
16. Stensheim H, Cvancarova M, Møller B, Fosså SD. Pregnancy after adolescent and adult cancer: a population-based matched cohort study.
J Int Cancer 2011; 129 (5): 1225–36.
17. Azim Jr HA, Santoro L, Pavlidis N et al. Safety of pregnancy following breast cancer diagnosis: a meta-analysis of 14 studies. Eur J Cancer 2011; 47 (1): 74–83.
18. Azim Jr HA, Kroman N, Paesmans M et al. Prognostic impact of pregnancy after breast cancer according to estrogen receptor status: a multicenter retrospective study. J Clin Oncol 2013; 31 (1): 73–9.
19. Sutton R, Buzdar AU, Hortobagyi GN. Pregnancy and offspring after adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. Cancer 1990; 65 (4): 847–50.
20. Dalberg K, Eriksson J, Holmberg L. Birth outcome in women with previously treated breast cancer – a population-based cohort study from Sweden. PLoS Med 2006; 3 (9): e336.
21. Langagergaard V, Gislum M, Skriver MV et al. Birth outcome in women with breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2006; 94 (1): 142–6.
22. Azim HA, Metzger-Filho O, de Azambuja E et al. Pregnancy occurring during or following adjuvant trastuzumab in patients enrolled in the HERA trial (BIG 01–01). Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012; 133 (1): 387–91.
23. De Sanctis V, Filippone FR, Alfò M et al. Impact of different treatment approaches on pregnancy outcomes in 99 women treated for Hodgkin lymphoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012; 84 (3): 755–61.
24. Winther JF, Olsen JH, Wu H et al. Genetic disease in the children of Danish survivors of childhood and adolescent cancer. J Clin Oncol 2012; 30 (1): 27–33.
25. Peccatori FA, Azim Jr HA, Orecchia R et al. Cancer, pregnancy and fertility: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 2013; 24 (Suppl. 6): vi160–70.
26. Critchley HOD, Wallace WHB. Impact of cancer treatment on uterine function. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 2005; 34: 64–8.
27. Wallace WHB, Thompson L, Anderson RA. Guideline Development Group, Long term follow-up of survivors of childhood cancer: summary of updated SIGN guidance. BMJ 2013; 346: f1190.
28. Wallace WHB, Thomson AB, Kelsey TW. The radiosensitivity of the human oocyte. Hum Reprod 2003; 18 (1): 117–21.
29. Wallace WHB, Thomson AB, Saran F, Kelsey TW. Predicting age of ovarian failure after radiation to a field that includes the ovaries. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2005; 62 (3): 738–44.
30. Kalich-Philosoph L, Roness H, Carmely A et al. Cyclophosphamide triggers follicle activation and “burnout”; AS101 prevents follicle loss and preserves fertility. Sci Transl Med 2013; 5 (185): 185ra62.
31. Anderson RA, Mitchell RT, Kelsey TW et al. Cancer treatment and gonadal function: experimental and established strategies for fertility preservation in children and young adults. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2015; 3 (7): 556–67.
32. Meirow D, Raanani H, Maman E et al. Tamoxifen co-administration during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation for in vitro fertilization in breast cancer patients increases the safety of fertility – preservation treatment strategies. Fertil Steril 2014; 102 (2): 488–95.
33. Revelli A, Porcu E, Levi Setti PE et al. Is letrozole needed for controlled ovarian stimulation in patients with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer? Gynecol Endocrinol 2013; 29 (11): 993–6.
34. Oktay K, Demirtas E, Son W-Y et al. In vitro maturation of germinal vesicle oocytes recovered after premature luteinizing hormone surge: description of a novel approach to fertility preservation. Fertil Steril 2008; 89 (1): 228.e19–22.
35. Cao Y-X, Chian R-C. Fertility preservation with immature and in vitro matured oocytes. Semin Reprod Med 2009; 27 (6): 456–64.
36. Prasath EB, Chan MLH, Wong WHW et al. First pregnancy and live birth resulting from cryopreserved embryos obtained from in vitro matured oocytes after oophorectomy in an ovarian cancer patient. Hum Reprod 2014; 29 (2): 276–8.
37. Lambertini M, Ginsburg ES, Partridge AH. Update on fertility preservation in young women undergoing breast cancer and ovarian cancer therapy. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2015; 27 (1): 98–107.
38. Clowse MEB, Behera MA, Anders CK et al. Ovarian preservation by GnRH agonists during chemotherapy: a meta-analysis. J Womens Health 2009; 18 (3): 311–9.
39. Lambertini M, Ceppi M, Poggio F et al. Ovarian suppression using luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists during chemotherapy to preserve ovarian function and fertility of breast cancer patients: a meta-analysis of randomized studies. Ann Oncol 2015; 26 (12): 2408–19.
40. Moore HCF, Unger JM, Phillips K-A et al. Goserelin for ovarian protection during breast-cancer adjuvant chemotherapy. N Engl J Med 2015; 372 (10): 923–32.
41. Lambertini M, Boni L, Michelotti A et al. Ovarian suppression with triptorelin during adjuvant breast cancer chemotherapy and long-term ovarian function, pregnancies, and disease-free survival. A randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2015; 314 (24): 2632–40.
42. Del Mastro L, Boni L, Michelotti A et al. Effect of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue triptorelin on the occurrence of chemotherapy-induced early menopause in premenopausal women with breast cancer: a randomized trial. JAMA 2011; 306 (3): 269–76.
43. Solé M, Santaló J, Boada M et al. How does vitrification affect oocyte viability in oocyte donation cycles? A prospective study to compare outcomes achieved with fresh versus vitrified sibling oocytes. Hum Reprod 2013; 28 (8): 2087–92.
44. Fang Bai, Yunshu Lu, Kejin Wu et al. Protecting Effects of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist on Chemotherapy-Induced Ovarian Damage in Premenopausal Breast Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Breast Care 2017 (12): 48–52. DOI: 10.1159/000454983
45. Peccatori FA, Azim HA Jr, Orecchia R et al; ESMO Guidelines Working Group. Cancer, pregnancy and fertility: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 2013; 24 (Suppl. 6): vi160–vi170.
46. Lambertini M, Del Mastro L, Viglietti G et al. Ovarian function suppression in premenopausal women with early-stage breast cancer. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2017; 18: 4. DOI 10.1007/s11864-017-0442-8
47. Partridge AH. Chemotherapy in premenopausal breast cancer patients. Breast Care 2015; 10 (5): 307–10.
48. Poggio F, Levaggi A, Lambertini M. Chemotherapy-induced premature ovarian failure and its prevention in premenopausal breast cancer patients. Expert Rev Quality Life Cancer Care 2016; 1 (1): 5–7.
49. Paluch-Shimon S, Pagani O, Partridge AH et al. Second international consensus guidelines for breast cancer in young women (BCY2). Breast 2016; 26: 87–99.
50. Lambertini M, Poggio F, Vaglica M et al. News on the medical treatment of young women with early-stage HER2-negative breast cancer. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2016; 17 (12): 1643–55.
51. Del Mastro L, Rossi G, Lambertini M et al. New insights on the role of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone agonists in premenopausal early breast cancer patients. Cancer Treat Rev 2016; 42: 18–23.
52. Burstein HJ, Lacchetti C, Anderson H et al. Adjuvant endocrine therapy for women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline update on ovarian suppression. J Clin Oncol 2016; 34 (14): 1689–701.
53. Bellet M, Gray KP, Francis PA et al. Twelve-month estro- gen levels in premenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer receiving adjuvant triptorelin plus exemestane or tamoxifen in the suppression of ovarian function trial (SOFT): the SOFT-EST substudy. J Clin Oncol 2016; 34 (14): 1584–93.
54. Woodruff TK, Smith K, Gradishar W. Oncologists’ role in patient fertility care: a call to action. JAMA Oncol 2016; 2 (2): 171–2.
55. Turner NH, Partridge A, Sanna G et al. Utility of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists for fertility preservation in young breast cancer patients: the benefit remains uncertain. Ann Oncol 2013; 24 (9): 2224–35.
55. Del Mastro L, Lambertini M. Temporary ovarian suppression with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist during chemotherapy for fertility preservation: toward the end of the debate? Oncologist 2015; 20 (11): 1233–5.
57. Moore HCF, Unger JM, Phillips K-A et al. Goserelin for ovarian protection during breast-cancer adjuvant chemotherapy. N Engl J Med 2015; 372 (10): 923–32.
58. Pagani O, Ruggeri M, Manunta S et al. Pregnancy after breast cancer: are young patients willing to participate in clinical studies? Breast 2015; 24 (3): 201–7.
59. Lambertini M, Del Mastro L. Fertility preservation in BRCA-mutated breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Manag 2016; 5 (2): 61–8.
60. Tiong V, Rozita AM, Taib NA et al. Incidence of chemotherapy-induced ovarian failure in premenopausal women undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer. World J Surg 2014; 38: 2288–96.
61. Ganz PA, Land SR, Geyer CE Jr et al. Menstrual history and quality-of-life outcomes in women with node-positive breast cancer treated with adjuvant therapy on the NSABPB-30 trial. J Clin Oncol 2011; 29: 1110–6.
62. Sivasubramaniam PG, Zhang BL et al. Breast cancer disparities:
A multicenter comparison of tumor diagnosis, characteristics, and surgical treatment in China and the U.S. Oncologist 2015; 20: 1044–50.
63. Ives A, Saunders C, Bulsara M, Semmens J. Pregnancy after breast cancer: population based study. BMJ 2007; 334 (7586): 194.
64. Lawrenz B, Henes M, Neunhoeffer E et al. Pregnancy after successful cancer treatment: what needs to be considered? Onkologie 2012; 35 (3): 128–32.
2. Johnson J-A, Tough S. Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada, Delayed child-bearing. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2012; 34 (1): 80–93.
3. Rosen A, Rodriguez-Wallberg KA, Rosenzweig L. Psychosocial distress in young cancer survivors. Semin Oncol Nurs 2009; 25 (4): 268–77.
4. Canada AL, Schover LR. The psychosocial impact of interrupted childbearing in long-term female cancer survivors. Psychooncology 2012; 21 (2): 134–43.
5. Gorman JR, Bailey S, Pierce JP, Su HI. How do you feel about fertility and parenthood? The voices of young female cancer survivors. J Cancer Surviv Res Pract 2012; 6 (2): 200–9.
6. Partridge AH, Gelber S, Peppercorn J et al. Web-based survey of fertility issues in young women with breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2004;
22 (20): 4174–83.
7. Ruddy KJ, Gelber SI, Tamimi RM et al. Prospective study of fertility concerns and preservation strategies in young women with breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2014; 32 (11): 1151–6.
8. Senkus E, Gomez H, Dirix L et al. Attitudes of young patients with breast cancer toward fertility loss related to adjuvant systemic therapies. EORTC study 10002 BIG 3–98. Psychooncology 2014; 23 (2): 173–82.
9. Lee SJ, Schover LR, Partridge AH et al. American Society of Clinical Oncology recommendations on fertility preservation in cancer patients. J Clin Oncol 2006; 24 (18): 2917–31.
10. Loren AW, Mangu PB, Beck LN et al. Fertility Preservation for Patients With Cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline Update. J Clin Oncol 2013; 31 (19): 2500–10.
11. Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Dikshit R et al. Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: Sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012. Int J Cancer 2015; 136: E359–386.
12. Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group (EBCTCG): Effects of chemotherapy and hormonal therapy for early breast cancer on recurrence and 15- year survival: An overview of the randomised trials. Lancet 2005; 365: 1687–717.
13. Sukumvanich P, Case LD, Van Zee K et al. Incidence and time course of bleeding after long-term amenorrhea after breast cancer treatment. Cancer 2011; 116: 3102–11.
14. Blumenfeld Z, von Wolff M. GnRH analogues and oral contraceptives for fertility preservation in women during chemotherapy. Hum Reprod Update 2008; 14: 543–52.
15. Lambertini M, Del Mastro L, Pescio MC et al. Cancer and fertility preservation: international recommendations from an expert meeting. BMC Medicine 2016; 14 (1): 1. DOI: 10.1186/s12916-015-0545-7
16. Stensheim H, Cvancarova M, Møller B, Fosså SD. Pregnancy after adolescent and adult cancer: a population-based matched cohort study.
J Int Cancer 2011; 129 (5): 1225–36.
17. Azim Jr HA, Santoro L, Pavlidis N et al. Safety of pregnancy following breast cancer diagnosis: a meta-analysis of 14 studies. Eur J Cancer 2011; 47 (1): 74–83.
18. Azim Jr HA, Kroman N, Paesmans M et al. Prognostic impact of pregnancy after breast cancer according to estrogen receptor status: a multicenter retrospective study. J Clin Oncol 2013; 31 (1): 73–9.
19. Sutton R, Buzdar AU, Hortobagyi GN. Pregnancy and offspring after adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. Cancer 1990; 65 (4): 847–50.
20. Dalberg K, Eriksson J, Holmberg L. Birth outcome in women with previously treated breast cancer – a population-based cohort study from Sweden. PLoS Med 2006; 3 (9): e336.
21. Langagergaard V, Gislum M, Skriver MV et al. Birth outcome in women with breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2006; 94 (1): 142–6.
22. Azim HA, Metzger-Filho O, de Azambuja E et al. Pregnancy occurring during or following adjuvant trastuzumab in patients enrolled in the HERA trial (BIG 01–01). Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012; 133 (1): 387–91.
23. De Sanctis V, Filippone FR, Alfò M et al. Impact of different treatment approaches on pregnancy outcomes in 99 women treated for Hodgkin lymphoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012; 84 (3): 755–61.
24. Winther JF, Olsen JH, Wu H et al. Genetic disease in the children of Danish survivors of childhood and adolescent cancer. J Clin Oncol 2012; 30 (1): 27–33.
25. Peccatori FA, Azim Jr HA, Orecchia R et al. Cancer, pregnancy and fertility: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 2013; 24 (Suppl. 6): vi160–70.
26. Critchley HOD, Wallace WHB. Impact of cancer treatment on uterine function. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 2005; 34: 64–8.
27. Wallace WHB, Thompson L, Anderson RA. Guideline Development Group, Long term follow-up of survivors of childhood cancer: summary of updated SIGN guidance. BMJ 2013; 346: f1190.
28. Wallace WHB, Thomson AB, Kelsey TW. The radiosensitivity of the human oocyte. Hum Reprod 2003; 18 (1): 117–21.
29. Wallace WHB, Thomson AB, Saran F, Kelsey TW. Predicting age of ovarian failure after radiation to a field that includes the ovaries. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2005; 62 (3): 738–44.
30. Kalich-Philosoph L, Roness H, Carmely A et al. Cyclophosphamide triggers follicle activation and “burnout”; AS101 prevents follicle loss and preserves fertility. Sci Transl Med 2013; 5 (185): 185ra62.
31. Anderson RA, Mitchell RT, Kelsey TW et al. Cancer treatment and gonadal function: experimental and established strategies for fertility preservation in children and young adults. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2015; 3 (7): 556–67.
32. Meirow D, Raanani H, Maman E et al. Tamoxifen co-administration during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation for in vitro fertilization in breast cancer patients increases the safety of fertility – preservation treatment strategies. Fertil Steril 2014; 102 (2): 488–95.
33. Revelli A, Porcu E, Levi Setti PE et al. Is letrozole needed for controlled ovarian stimulation in patients with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer? Gynecol Endocrinol 2013; 29 (11): 993–6.
34. Oktay K, Demirtas E, Son W-Y et al. In vitro maturation of germinal vesicle oocytes recovered after premature luteinizing hormone surge: description of a novel approach to fertility preservation. Fertil Steril 2008; 89 (1): 228.e19–22.
35. Cao Y-X, Chian R-C. Fertility preservation with immature and in vitro matured oocytes. Semin Reprod Med 2009; 27 (6): 456–64.
36. Prasath EB, Chan MLH, Wong WHW et al. First pregnancy and live birth resulting from cryopreserved embryos obtained from in vitro matured oocytes after oophorectomy in an ovarian cancer patient. Hum Reprod 2014; 29 (2): 276–8.
37. Lambertini M, Ginsburg ES, Partridge AH. Update on fertility preservation in young women undergoing breast cancer and ovarian cancer therapy. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2015; 27 (1): 98–107.
38. Clowse MEB, Behera MA, Anders CK et al. Ovarian preservation by GnRH agonists during chemotherapy: a meta-analysis. J Womens Health 2009; 18 (3): 311–9.
39. Lambertini M, Ceppi M, Poggio F et al. Ovarian suppression using luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists during chemotherapy to preserve ovarian function and fertility of breast cancer patients: a meta-analysis of randomized studies. Ann Oncol 2015; 26 (12): 2408–19.
40. Moore HCF, Unger JM, Phillips K-A et al. Goserelin for ovarian protection during breast-cancer adjuvant chemotherapy. N Engl J Med 2015; 372 (10): 923–32.
41. Lambertini M, Boni L, Michelotti A et al. Ovarian suppression with triptorelin during adjuvant breast cancer chemotherapy and long-term ovarian function, pregnancies, and disease-free survival. A randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2015; 314 (24): 2632–40.
42. Del Mastro L, Boni L, Michelotti A et al. Effect of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue triptorelin on the occurrence of chemotherapy-induced early menopause in premenopausal women with breast cancer: a randomized trial. JAMA 2011; 306 (3): 269–76.
43. Solé M, Santaló J, Boada M et al. How does vitrification affect oocyte viability in oocyte donation cycles? A prospective study to compare outcomes achieved with fresh versus vitrified sibling oocytes. Hum Reprod 2013; 28 (8): 2087–92.
44. Fang Bai, Yunshu Lu, Kejin Wu et al. Protecting Effects of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist on Chemotherapy-Induced Ovarian Damage in Premenopausal Breast Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Breast Care 2017 (12): 48–52. DOI: 10.1159/000454983
45. Peccatori FA, Azim HA Jr, Orecchia R et al; ESMO Guidelines Working Group. Cancer, pregnancy and fertility: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 2013; 24 (Suppl. 6): vi160–vi170.
46. Lambertini M, Del Mastro L, Viglietti G et al. Ovarian function suppression in premenopausal women with early-stage breast cancer. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2017; 18: 4. DOI 10.1007/s11864-017-0442-8
47. Partridge AH. Chemotherapy in premenopausal breast cancer patients. Breast Care 2015; 10 (5): 307–10.
48. Poggio F, Levaggi A, Lambertini M. Chemotherapy-induced premature ovarian failure and its prevention in premenopausal breast cancer patients. Expert Rev Quality Life Cancer Care 2016; 1 (1): 5–7.
49. Paluch-Shimon S, Pagani O, Partridge AH et al. Second international consensus guidelines for breast cancer in young women (BCY2). Breast 2016; 26: 87–99.
50. Lambertini M, Poggio F, Vaglica M et al. News on the medical treatment of young women with early-stage HER2-negative breast cancer. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2016; 17 (12): 1643–55.
51. Del Mastro L, Rossi G, Lambertini M et al. New insights on the role of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone agonists in premenopausal early breast cancer patients. Cancer Treat Rev 2016; 42: 18–23.
52. Burstein HJ, Lacchetti C, Anderson H et al. Adjuvant endocrine therapy for women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline update on ovarian suppression. J Clin Oncol 2016; 34 (14): 1689–701.
53. Bellet M, Gray KP, Francis PA et al. Twelve-month estro- gen levels in premenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer receiving adjuvant triptorelin plus exemestane or tamoxifen in the suppression of ovarian function trial (SOFT): the SOFT-EST substudy. J Clin Oncol 2016; 34 (14): 1584–93.
54. Woodruff TK, Smith K, Gradishar W. Oncologists’ role in patient fertility care: a call to action. JAMA Oncol 2016; 2 (2): 171–2.
55. Turner NH, Partridge A, Sanna G et al. Utility of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists for fertility preservation in young breast cancer patients: the benefit remains uncertain. Ann Oncol 2013; 24 (9): 2224–35.
55. Del Mastro L, Lambertini M. Temporary ovarian suppression with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist during chemotherapy for fertility preservation: toward the end of the debate? Oncologist 2015; 20 (11): 1233–5.
57. Moore HCF, Unger JM, Phillips K-A et al. Goserelin for ovarian protection during breast-cancer adjuvant chemotherapy. N Engl J Med 2015; 372 (10): 923–32.
58. Pagani O, Ruggeri M, Manunta S et al. Pregnancy after breast cancer: are young patients willing to participate in clinical studies? Breast 2015; 24 (3): 201–7.
59. Lambertini M, Del Mastro L. Fertility preservation in BRCA-mutated breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Manag 2016; 5 (2): 61–8.
60. Tiong V, Rozita AM, Taib NA et al. Incidence of chemotherapy-induced ovarian failure in premenopausal women undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer. World J Surg 2014; 38: 2288–96.
61. Ganz PA, Land SR, Geyer CE Jr et al. Menstrual history and quality-of-life outcomes in women with node-positive breast cancer treated with adjuvant therapy on the NSABPB-30 trial. J Clin Oncol 2011; 29: 1110–6.
62. Sivasubramaniam PG, Zhang BL et al. Breast cancer disparities:
A multicenter comparison of tumor diagnosis, characteristics, and surgical treatment in China and the U.S. Oncologist 2015; 20: 1044–50.
63. Ives A, Saunders C, Bulsara M, Semmens J. Pregnancy after breast cancer: population based study. BMJ 2007; 334 (7586): 194.
64. Lawrenz B, Henes M, Neunhoeffer E et al. Pregnancy after successful cancer treatment: what needs to be considered? Onkologie 2012; 35 (3): 128–32.
________________________________________________
2. Johnson J-A, Tough S. Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada, Delayed child-bearing. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2012; 34 (1): 80–93.
3. Rosen A, Rodriguez-Wallberg KA, Rosenzweig L. Psychosocial distress in young cancer survivors. Semin Oncol Nurs 2009; 25 (4): 268–77.
4. Canada AL, Schover LR. The psychosocial impact of interrupted childbearing in long-term female cancer survivors. Psychooncology 2012; 21 (2): 134–43.
5. Gorman JR, Bailey S, Pierce JP, Su HI. How do you feel about fertility and parenthood? The voices of young female cancer survivors. J Cancer Surviv Res Pract 2012; 6 (2): 200–9.
6. Partridge AH, Gelber S, Peppercorn J et al. Web-based survey of fertility issues in young women with breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2004;
22 (20): 4174–83.
7. Ruddy KJ, Gelber SI, Tamimi RM et al. Prospective study of fertility concerns and preservation strategies in young women with breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2014; 32 (11): 1151–6.
8. Senkus E, Gomez H, Dirix L et al. Attitudes of young patients with breast cancer toward fertility loss related to adjuvant systemic therapies. EORTC study 10002 BIG 3–98. Psychooncology 2014; 23 (2): 173–82.
9. Lee SJ, Schover LR, Partridge AH et al. American Society of Clinical Oncology recommendations on fertility preservation in cancer patients. J Clin Oncol 2006; 24 (18): 2917–31.
10. Loren AW, Mangu PB, Beck LN et al. Fertility Preservation for Patients With Cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline Update. J Clin Oncol 2013; 31 (19): 2500–10.
11. Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Dikshit R et al. Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: Sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012. Int J Cancer 2015; 136: E359–386.
12. Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group (EBCTCG): Effects of chemotherapy and hormonal therapy for early breast cancer on recurrence and 15- year survival: An overview of the randomised trials. Lancet 2005; 365: 1687–717.
13. Sukumvanich P, Case LD, Van Zee K et al. Incidence and time course of bleeding after long-term amenorrhea after breast cancer treatment. Cancer 2011; 116: 3102–11.
14. Blumenfeld Z, von Wolff M. GnRH analogues and oral contraceptives for fertility preservation in women during chemotherapy. Hum Reprod Update 2008; 14: 543–52.
15. Lambertini M, Del Mastro L, Pescio MC et al. Cancer and fertility preservation: international recommendations from an expert meeting. BMC Medicine 2016; 14 (1): 1. DOI: 10.1186/s12916-015-0545-7
16. Stensheim H, Cvancarova M, Møller B, Fosså SD. Pregnancy after adolescent and adult cancer: a population-based matched cohort study.
J Int Cancer 2011; 129 (5): 1225–36.
17. Azim Jr HA, Santoro L, Pavlidis N et al. Safety of pregnancy following breast cancer diagnosis: a meta-analysis of 14 studies. Eur J Cancer 2011; 47 (1): 74–83.
18. Azim Jr HA, Kroman N, Paesmans M et al. Prognostic impact of pregnancy after breast cancer according to estrogen receptor status: a multicenter retrospective study. J Clin Oncol 2013; 31 (1): 73–9.
19. Sutton R, Buzdar AU, Hortobagyi GN. Pregnancy and offspring after adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. Cancer 1990; 65 (4): 847–50.
20. Dalberg K, Eriksson J, Holmberg L. Birth outcome in women with previously treated breast cancer – a population-based cohort study from Sweden. PLoS Med 2006; 3 (9): e336.
21. Langagergaard V, Gislum M, Skriver MV et al. Birth outcome in women with breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2006; 94 (1): 142–6.
22. Azim HA, Metzger-Filho O, de Azambuja E et al. Pregnancy occurring during or following adjuvant trastuzumab in patients enrolled in the HERA trial (BIG 01–01). Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012; 133 (1): 387–91.
23. De Sanctis V, Filippone FR, Alfò M et al. Impact of different treatment approaches on pregnancy outcomes in 99 women treated for Hodgkin lymphoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012; 84 (3): 755–61.
24. Winther JF, Olsen JH, Wu H et al. Genetic disease in the children of Danish survivors of childhood and adolescent cancer. J Clin Oncol 2012; 30 (1): 27–33.
25. Peccatori FA, Azim Jr HA, Orecchia R et al. Cancer, pregnancy and fertility: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 2013; 24 (Suppl. 6): vi160–70.
26. Critchley HOD, Wallace WHB. Impact of cancer treatment on uterine function. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 2005; 34: 64–8.
27. Wallace WHB, Thompson L, Anderson RA. Guideline Development Group, Long term follow-up of survivors of childhood cancer: summary of updated SIGN guidance. BMJ 2013; 346: f1190.
28. Wallace WHB, Thomson AB, Kelsey TW. The radiosensitivity of the human oocyte. Hum Reprod 2003; 18 (1): 117–21.
29. Wallace WHB, Thomson AB, Saran F, Kelsey TW. Predicting age of ovarian failure after radiation to a field that includes the ovaries. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2005; 62 (3): 738–44.
30. Kalich-Philosoph L, Roness H, Carmely A et al. Cyclophosphamide triggers follicle activation and “burnout”; AS101 prevents follicle loss and preserves fertility. Sci Transl Med 2013; 5 (185): 185ra62.
31. Anderson RA, Mitchell RT, Kelsey TW et al. Cancer treatment and gonadal function: experimental and established strategies for fertility preservation in children and young adults. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2015; 3 (7): 556–67.
32. Meirow D, Raanani H, Maman E et al. Tamoxifen co-administration during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation for in vitro fertilization in breast cancer patients increases the safety of fertility – preservation treatment strategies. Fertil Steril 2014; 102 (2): 488–95.
33. Revelli A, Porcu E, Levi Setti PE et al. Is letrozole needed for controlled ovarian stimulation in patients with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer? Gynecol Endocrinol 2013; 29 (11): 993–6.
34. Oktay K, Demirtas E, Son W-Y et al. In vitro maturation of germinal vesicle oocytes recovered after premature luteinizing hormone surge: description of a novel approach to fertility preservation. Fertil Steril 2008; 89 (1): 228.e19–22.
35. Cao Y-X, Chian R-C. Fertility preservation with immature and in vitro matured oocytes. Semin Reprod Med 2009; 27 (6): 456–64.
36. Prasath EB, Chan MLH, Wong WHW et al. First pregnancy and live birth resulting from cryopreserved embryos obtained from in vitro matured oocytes after oophorectomy in an ovarian cancer patient. Hum Reprod 2014; 29 (2): 276–8.
37. Lambertini M, Ginsburg ES, Partridge AH. Update on fertility preservation in young women undergoing breast cancer and ovarian cancer therapy. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2015; 27 (1): 98–107.
38. Clowse MEB, Behera MA, Anders CK et al. Ovarian preservation by GnRH agonists during chemotherapy: a meta-analysis. J Womens Health 2009; 18 (3): 311–9.
39. Lambertini M, Ceppi M, Poggio F et al. Ovarian suppression using luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists during chemotherapy to preserve ovarian function and fertility of breast cancer patients: a meta-analysis of randomized studies. Ann Oncol 2015; 26 (12): 2408–19.
40. Moore HCF, Unger JM, Phillips K-A et al. Goserelin for ovarian protection during breast-cancer adjuvant chemotherapy. N Engl J Med 2015; 372 (10): 923–32.
41. Lambertini M, Boni L, Michelotti A et al. Ovarian suppression with triptorelin during adjuvant breast cancer chemotherapy and long-term ovarian function, pregnancies, and disease-free survival. A randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2015; 314 (24): 2632–40.
42. Del Mastro L, Boni L, Michelotti A et al. Effect of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue triptorelin on the occurrence of chemotherapy-induced early menopause in premenopausal women with breast cancer: a randomized trial. JAMA 2011; 306 (3): 269–76.
43. Solé M, Santaló J, Boada M et al. How does vitrification affect oocyte viability in oocyte donation cycles? A prospective study to compare outcomes achieved with fresh versus vitrified sibling oocytes. Hum Reprod 2013; 28 (8): 2087–92.
44. Fang Bai, Yunshu Lu, Kejin Wu et al. Protecting Effects of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist on Chemotherapy-Induced Ovarian Damage in Premenopausal Breast Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Breast Care 2017 (12): 48–52. DOI: 10.1159/000454983
45. Peccatori FA, Azim HA Jr, Orecchia R et al; ESMO Guidelines Working Group. Cancer, pregnancy and fertility: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 2013; 24 (Suppl. 6): vi160–vi170.
46. Lambertini M, Del Mastro L, Viglietti G et al. Ovarian function suppression in premenopausal women with early-stage breast cancer. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2017; 18: 4. DOI 10.1007/s11864-017-0442-8
47. Partridge AH. Chemotherapy in premenopausal breast cancer patients. Breast Care 2015; 10 (5): 307–10.
48. Poggio F, Levaggi A, Lambertini M. Chemotherapy-induced premature ovarian failure and its prevention in premenopausal breast cancer patients. Expert Rev Quality Life Cancer Care 2016; 1 (1): 5–7.
49. Paluch-Shimon S, Pagani O, Partridge AH et al. Second international consensus guidelines for breast cancer in young women (BCY2). Breast 2016; 26: 87–99.
50. Lambertini M, Poggio F, Vaglica M et al. News on the medical treatment of young women with early-stage HER2-negative breast cancer. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2016; 17 (12): 1643–55.
51. Del Mastro L, Rossi G, Lambertini M et al. New insights on the role of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone agonists in premenopausal early breast cancer patients. Cancer Treat Rev 2016; 42: 18–23.
52. Burstein HJ, Lacchetti C, Anderson H et al. Adjuvant endocrine therapy for women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline update on ovarian suppression. J Clin Oncol 2016; 34 (14): 1689–701.
53. Bellet M, Gray KP, Francis PA et al. Twelve-month estro- gen levels in premenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer receiving adjuvant triptorelin plus exemestane or tamoxifen in the suppression of ovarian function trial (SOFT): the SOFT-EST substudy. J Clin Oncol 2016; 34 (14): 1584–93.
54. Woodruff TK, Smith K, Gradishar W. Oncologists’ role in patient fertility care: a call to action. JAMA Oncol 2016; 2 (2): 171–2.
55. Turner NH, Partridge A, Sanna G et al. Utility of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists for fertility preservation in young breast cancer patients: the benefit remains uncertain. Ann Oncol 2013; 24 (9): 2224–35.
55. Del Mastro L, Lambertini M. Temporary ovarian suppression with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist during chemotherapy for fertility preservation: toward the end of the debate? Oncologist 2015; 20 (11): 1233–5.
57. Moore HCF, Unger JM, Phillips K-A et al. Goserelin for ovarian protection during breast-cancer adjuvant chemotherapy. N Engl J Med 2015; 372 (10): 923–32.
58. Pagani O, Ruggeri M, Manunta S et al. Pregnancy after breast cancer: are young patients willing to participate in clinical studies? Breast 2015; 24 (3): 201–7.
59. Lambertini M, Del Mastro L. Fertility preservation in BRCA-mutated breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Manag 2016; 5 (2): 61–8.
60. Tiong V, Rozita AM, Taib NA et al. Incidence of chemotherapy-induced ovarian failure in premenopausal women undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer. World J Surg 2014; 38: 2288–96.
61. Ganz PA, Land SR, Geyer CE Jr et al. Menstrual history and quality-of-life outcomes in women with node-positive breast cancer treated with adjuvant therapy on the NSABPB-30 trial. J Clin Oncol 2011; 29: 1110–6.
62. Sivasubramaniam PG, Zhang BL et al. Breast cancer disparities:
A multicenter comparison of tumor diagnosis, characteristics, and surgical treatment in China and the U.S. Oncologist 2015; 20: 1044–50.
63. Ives A, Saunders C, Bulsara M, Semmens J. Pregnancy after breast cancer: population based study. BMJ 2007; 334 (7586): 194.
64. Lawrenz B, Henes M, Neunhoeffer E et al. Pregnancy after successful cancer treatment: what needs to be considered? Onkologie 2012; 35 (3): 128–32.
Авторы
Ю.Э. Доброхотова1, К.В. Морозова*2
1. ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия;
2. ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница №40» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы, Москва, Россия
*morozovadk@mail.ru
1. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia;
2. City Clinical Hospital №40, Moscow, Russia
*morozovadk@mail.ru
1. ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия;
2. ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница №40» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы, Москва, Россия
*morozovadk@mail.ru
________________________________________________
1. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia;
2. City Clinical Hospital №40, Moscow, Russia
*morozovadk@mail.ru
Цель портала OmniDoctor – предоставление профессиональной информации врачам, провизорам и фармацевтам.