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Профилактика дисбиотических и воспалительных заболеваний влагалища и вульвы после хирургической коррекции генитального пролапса и стрессового недержания мочи
Лапина И.А., Доброхотова Ю.Э., Таранов В.В., Чирвон Т.Г. Профилактика дисбиотических и воспалительных заболеваний влагалища и вульвы после хирургической коррекции генитального пролапса и стрессового недержания мочи. Гинекология. 2020; 22 (6): 111–114. DOI: 10.26442/20795696.2020.6.200547
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Lapina I.A., Dobrokhotova J.E., Taranov V.V., Chirvon T.G. Prevention of dysbiotic and inflammatory diseases of the vagina and vulva after surgical correction of genital prolapse and stress urinary incontinence. Gynecology. 2020; 22 (6): 111–114. DOI: 10.26442/20795696.2020.6.200547
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Аннотация
Нормальная влагалищная микрофлора представлена большим разнообразием микроорганизмов, поддерживающих оптимальные условия среды, препятствуя развитию инфекционно-воспалительных заболеваний вульвы и влагалища. Однако применение лекарственных препаратов, изменения гормонального фона, недержание мочи, несостоятельность мышц тазового дна могут способствовать нарушению оптимального баланса микробиоты влагалища, что приводит к развитию дисбиотических патологических процессов. Основным методом лечения стрессового недержания мочи является установка субуретральных слинговых систем, а при сочетании с цистоцеле целесообразно выполнение пластики передней стенки влагалища, что обладает высокой как анатомической, так и функциональной эффективностью. Хирургическая коррекция генитального пролапса и стрессовой формы недержания мочи требует проведения катетеризации мочевого пузыря, что еще в большей степени повышает риск возникновения дисбиотических и воспалительных заболеваний урогенитального тракта. Широкое применение антибиотикотерапии приводит к формированию резистентных штаммов микроорганизмов и не всегда реализуется в полной мере, особенно при наличии остаточной мочи в мочевом пузыре в послеоперационном периоде. Препарат Залаин в виде суппозиториев обладает высокой чувствительностью в отношении грибов рода Candida, а применение геля Залагель Интим ассоциировано не только с противогрибковым, но и противовоспалительным действием. Комплексная терапия свечами Залаин и гелем Залагель Интим имеет высокую эффективность при лечении цитолитического, бактериального вагиноза, вульвовагинального кандидоза, а также может применяться в качестве профилактики инфекционных осложнений после корригирующих вмешательств по поводу пролапса тазовых органов и стрессового недержания мочи.
Ключевые слова: стрессовое недержание мочи, пролапс тазовых органов, бактериальный вагиноз, цитолитический вагиноз, кандидозный вульвовагинит.
Ключевые слова: стрессовое недержание мочи, пролапс тазовых органов, бактериальный вагиноз, цитолитический вагиноз, кандидозный вульвовагинит.
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Normal vaginal microflora consists of a wide range of microorganisms that maintain optimal vaginal milieu, preventing the development of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the vulva and vagina. However, the use of drugs, changes in hormonal status, urinary incontinence and pelvic floor dysfunction can disrupt the optimal balance of the vaginal microbiota, which leads to the development of dysbiotic pathological processes. The first-line treatment for stress urinary incontinence is the installation of suburethral slings. If incontinence is combined with a cystocele, it is advisable to perform reconstructive surgery for anterior vaginal wall, which has high both anatomical and functional efficacy. Surgical correction of genital prolapse and stress urinary incontinence requires bladder catheterization, which further increases the risk for dysbiotic and inflammatory diseases of the urogenital tract. The widespread use of antibiotic therapy leads to the formation of resistant strains of microorganisms and is not always fully realized, especially in the presence of post void residual urine in the postoperative period. Vaginal Zalain suppositories are highly sensitive to Candida species, and the use of Zalagel Intim gel is associated not only with antifungal, but also anti-inflammatory effect. Complex therapy with Zalain suppositories and Zalagel Intim gel is highly effective in the treatment of cytolytic, bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, and can also be used as the prevention of infectious complications after corrective interventions for pelvic organ prolapse and stress urinary incontinence.
Key words: stress urinary incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse, bacterial vaginosis, cytolytic vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis.
Полный текст
Список литературы
1. Borges S, Silva J, Teixeira P. The role of lactobacilli and probiotics in maintaining vaginal health. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2014; 289: 479–89.
2. Прилепская В.Н., Уруймагова А.Т., Иванова А.А. Клинические и лабораторные особенности рецидивирующих вульвовагинитов и вагинозов. Возможности эффективной терапии. Гинекология. 2020; 22 (5): 76–80. DOI: 10.26442/20795696.2020.5.200361
[Prilepskaya V.N., Uruimagova A.T., Ivanova A.A. Recurrent vulvovaginitis and vaginosis. Possibilities of effective therapy. Gynecology. 2020; 22 (5): 76–80. DOI: 10.26442/20795696.2020.5.200361 (in Russian).]
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4. Ventolini G, Schrader C, Mitchell E. Vaginal Lactobacillosis. J Clin Gynecol Obstet 2014; 3 (3): 81–4. DOI: 10.14740/jcgo278e
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13. Sanaee MS, Hutcheon JA, Larouche M et al. Urinary tract infection prevention after midurethral slings in pelvic floor reconstructive surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2019; 98 (12): 1514–22. DOI: 10.1111/aogs.13661
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17. Caron F, Alexandre K, Pestel-Caron M et al. High bacterial titers in urine are predictive of abnormal postvoid residual urine in patients with urinary tract infection. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 83: 63–7.
18. Mondello F, De Bernardis F, Girolamo A et al. In vivo activity of terpinen-4-ol, the main bioactive component of Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel (tea tree) oil against azole-susceptible and -resistant human pathogenic Candida species. BMC Infect Dis 2006; 6: 158.
2. Прилепская В.Н., Уруймагова А.Т., Иванова А.А. Клинические и лабораторные особенности рецидивирующих вульвовагинитов и вагинозов. Возможности эффективной терапии. Гинекология. 2020; 22 (5): 76–80. DOI: 10.26442/20795696.2020.5.200361
[Prilepskaya V.N., Uruimagova A.T., Ivanova A.A. Recurrent vulvovaginitis and vaginosis. Possibilities of effective therapy. Gynecology. 2020; 22 (5): 76–80. DOI: 10.26442/20795696.2020.5.200361 (in Russian).]
3. Komesu YM, Richter HE, Dinwiddie DL et al. Methodology for a vaginal and urinary microbiome study in women with mixed urinary incontinence. Int Urogynecol J 2016; 28 (5): 711–720. DOI: 10.1007/s00192-016-3165-7
4. Ventolini G, Schrader C, Mitchell E. Vaginal Lactobacillosis. J Clin Gynecol Obstet 2014; 3 (3): 81–4. DOI: 10.14740/jcgo278e
5. Abhyankar P, Uny I, Semple K et al. Women’s experiences of receiving care for pelvic organ prolapse: a qualitative study. BMC Womens Health 2019; 19 (1): 45.
6. Meyer I, Morgan SL, Markland AD et al. Pelvic floor disorder symptoms and bone strength in postmenopausal women. Int Urogynecol J 2020; 31: 1777–84. DOI: 10.1007/s00192-020-04254-z
7. Khullar V, Anding R, Robinson D et al. Under what circumstances should stress incontinence surgery be performed at the same time as prolapse surgery? ICI-RS 2015. Neurourol Urodyn 2017; 36: 909–14.
8. Ko KJ, Lee KS. Current surgical management of pelvic organ prolapse: Strategies for the improvement of surgical outcomes. Investig Clin Urol 2019; 60 (6): 413–24. DOI: 10.4111/icu.2019.60.6.413
9. Rechberger E, Rechberger T, Wawrysiuk S et al. A Randomized Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Effect of Canephron N in Comparison to Ciprofloxacin in the Prevention of Postoperative Lower Urinary Tract Infections after Midurethral Sling Surgery. J Clin Med 2020; 9 (11): 3391. DOI: 10.3390/jcm9113391
10. Foxman B. Urinary tract infection syndromes: Occurrence, recurrence, bacteriology, risk factors, and disease burden. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2014; 28 (1): 1–13. DOI: 10.1016/j.idc.2013.09.003
11. Jonsson Funk M, Levin PJ, Wu JM. Trends in the surgical management of stress urinary incontinence. Obstet Gynecol 2012; 119 (4): 845–51. DOI: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e31824b2e3e
12. Milan PB, Ivan IM. Catheter-associated and nosocomial urinary tract infections: Antibiotic resistance and influence on commonly used antimicrobial therapy. Int Urol Nephrol 2009; 41: 461–64.
13. Sanaee MS, Hutcheon JA, Larouche M et al. Urinary tract infection prevention after midurethral slings in pelvic floor reconstructive surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2019; 98 (12): 1514–22. DOI: 10.1111/aogs.13661
14. Prophylactic antibiotics in obstetrics and gynecology. RANZCOG Guideline C-Gen 17. 2011. Reviewed 2016.
15. Dieter AA, Amundsen CL, Edenfield AL et al. Oral antibiotics to prevent postoperative urinary tract infection: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol 2014; 123: 96–103.
16. Hampton BS, Erekson EA. Antibiotic prophylaxis for short-term postoperative transurethral foley catheter use in women. J Pelv Med Surg 2009; 15 (6): 427–33. DOI: 10.1097/SPV.0b013e3181b8adbc
17. Caron F, Alexandre K, Pestel-Caron M et al. High bacterial titers in urine are predictive of abnormal postvoid residual urine in patients with urinary tract infection. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 83: 63–7.
18. Mondello F, De Bernardis F, Girolamo A et al. In vivo activity of terpinen-4-ol, the main bioactive component of Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel (tea tree) oil against azole-susceptible and -resistant human pathogenic Candida species. BMC Infect Dis 2006; 6: 158.
________________________________________________
1. Borges S, Silva J, Teixeira P. The role of lactobacilli and probiotics in maintaining vaginal health. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2014; 289: 479–89.
2. Prilepskaya V.N., Uruimagova A.T., Ivanova A.A. Recurrent vulvovaginitis and vaginosis. Possibilities of effective therapy. Gynecology. 2020; 22 (5): 76–80. DOI: 10.26442/20795696.2020.5.200361 (in Russian).
3. Komesu YM, Richter HE, Dinwiddie DL et al. Methodology for a vaginal and urinary microbiome study in women with mixed urinary incontinence. Int Urogynecol J 2016; 28 (5): 711–720. DOI: 10.1007/s00192-016-3165-7
4. Ventolini G, Schrader C, Mitchell E. Vaginal Lactobacillosis. J Clin Gynecol Obstet 2014; 3 (3): 81–4. DOI: 10.14740/jcgo278e
5. Abhyankar P, Uny I, Semple K et al. Women’s experiences of receiving care for pelvic organ prolapse: a qualitative study. BMC Womens Health 2019; 19 (1): 45.
6. Meyer I, Morgan SL, Markland AD et al. Pelvic floor disorder symptoms and bone strength in postmenopausal women. Int Urogynecol J 2020; 31: 1777–84. DOI: 10.1007/s00192-020-04254-z
7. Khullar V, Anding R, Robinson D et al. Under what circumstances should stress incontinence surgery be performed at the same time as prolapse surgery? ICI-RS 2015. Neurourol Urodyn 2017; 36: 909–14.
8. Ko KJ, Lee KS. Current surgical management of pelvic organ prolapse: Strategies for the improvement of surgical outcomes. Investig Clin Urol 2019; 60 (6): 413–24. DOI: 10.4111/icu.2019.60.6.413
9. Rechberger E, Rechberger T, Wawrysiuk S et al. A Randomized Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Effect of Canephron N in Comparison to Ciprofloxacin in the Prevention of Postoperative Lower Urinary Tract Infections after Midurethral Sling Surgery. J Clin Med 2020; 9 (11): 3391. DOI: 10.3390/jcm9113391
10. Foxman B. Urinary tract infection syndromes: Occurrence, recurrence, bacteriology, risk factors, and disease burden. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2014; 28 (1): 1–13. DOI: 10.1016/j.idc.2013.09.003
11. Jonsson Funk M, Levin PJ, Wu JM. Trends in the surgical management of stress urinary incontinence. Obstet Gynecol 2012; 119 (4): 845–51. DOI: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e31824b2e3e
12. Milan PB, Ivan IM. Catheter-associated and nosocomial urinary tract infections: Antibiotic resistance and influence on commonly used antimicrobial therapy. Int Urol Nephrol 2009; 41: 461–64.
13. Sanaee MS, Hutcheon JA, Larouche M et al. Urinary tract infection prevention after midurethral slings in pelvic floor reconstructive surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2019; 98 (12): 1514–22. DOI: 10.1111/aogs.13661
14. Prophylactic antibiotics in obstetrics and gynecology. RANZCOG Guideline C-Gen 17. 2011. Reviewed 2016.
15. Dieter AA, Amundsen CL, Edenfield AL et al. Oral antibiotics to prevent postoperative urinary tract infection: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol 2014; 123: 96–103.
16. Hampton BS, Erekson EA. Antibiotic prophylaxis for short-term postoperative transurethral foley catheter use in women. J Pelv Med Surg 2009; 15 (6): 427–33. DOI: 10.1097/SPV.0b013e3181b8adbc
17. Caron F, Alexandre K, Pestel-Caron M et al. High bacterial titers in urine are predictive of abnormal postvoid residual urine in patients with urinary tract infection. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 83: 63–7.
18. Mondello F, De Bernardis F, Girolamo A et al. In vivo activity of terpinen-4-ol, the main bioactive component of Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel (tea tree) oil against azole-susceptible and -resistant human pathogenic Candida species. BMC Infect Dis 2006; 6: 158.
Авторы
И.А. Лапина*, Ю.Э. Доброхотова, В.В. Таранов, Т.Г. Чирвон
ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия
*doclapina@mail.ru
ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия
*doclapina@mail.ru
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Irina A. Lapina*, Julia E. Dobrokhotova, Vladislav V. Taranov, Tatiana G. Chirvon
Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
*doclapina@mail.ru
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