Обоснование. Улучшение качества жизни онкологических больных является одной из приоритетных задач медицинского сообщества. В структуре онкологической заболеваемости на долю пациенток фертильного возраста приходится до 7–10% всех злокачественных новообразований. Около 30% из них к моменту заболевания не реализовали свою репродуктивную функцию и нуждаются в сохранении генетического материала ввиду предстоящего необходимого гонадотоксичного лечения. Учитывая ограниченные сроки до начала терапии, а также гормонозависимые варианты некоторых опухолей, перспективным методом является созревание ооцитов in vitro maturation (IVM). Цель. Оценить количество и качество ооцитов, полученных путем применения IVM, на малой выборке пациентов. Материалы и методы. Нами проведено проспективное исследование, в которое вошли 5 пациенток репродуктивного возраста. Все пациентки полностью обследованы, определены уровень антимюллерова гормона и количество антральных фолликулов. После проведения трансвагинальной пункции из полученной фолликулярной жидкости эмбриологами в лаборатории выделены и культивированы ооциты в течение 5–6 сут. Результаты. Всего получено 46 незрелых комплексов ооцит-кумулюс. Через 28 ч после культивирования ооцитов в среде IVM получено 30 (46%) ооцитов на стадии метафазы II, 14 (22%) ооцитов на стадии метафазы I и 12 (18%) ооцитов на стадии профазы I. После дополнительного культивирования через 24 ч еще
1 ооцит достиг стадии метафазы II. В результате витрифицировано 30 ооцитов и 4 эмбриона. Заключение. Метод IVM дает возможность сохранения генетического материала пациенток с онкологическими заболеваниями в короткие сроки, не откладывая начало лечения гонадотоксичной терапией, позволяя в дальнейшем осуществить им свою репродуктивную функцию. С учетом малого количества исследований и отсутствия надежных протоколов использования IVM необходимы дополнительные исследования в данной области.
Ключевые слова: онкофертильность, in vitro maturation, комплексы ооцит-кумулюс, незрелые ооциты
________________________________________________
Background. Improving the quality of life of cancer patients is one of the priority tasks of the medical community. In the structure of oncological morbidity, the proportion of patients of fertile age accounts for up to 7–10% of all malignant neoplasms. About 30% of them have not realized their reproductive function by the time of the disease and need to preserve the genetic material due to the necessary gonadotoxic treatment. Taking into account the limited time before the start of surgery, as well as hormone-dependent variants of some tumors, the maturation of oocytes in vitro maturation (IVM) is a promising method. Aim. To evaluate the quantity and quality of oocytes obtained by IVM in a small sample of patients. Materials and methods. We conducted a prospective study, which included 5 patients of reproductive age. All patients were fully examined, the level of anti-muller hormone and the number of antral follicles were determined. After transvaginal puncture, oocytes were isolated and cultured from the obtained follicular fluid by embryologists in the laboratory for 5–6 days. Results. A total of 46 immature oocyte-cumulus complexes were obtained; 28 hours after oocyte culture in IVM medium, 30 (46%) oocytes at the metaphase II stage, 14 (22%) oocytes at the metaphase I stage and 12 (18%) oocytes at the prophase I stage were obtained. After additional cultivation, after 24 hours, another oocyte reached the metaphase II stage. As a result, 30 oocytes and 4 embryos were vitrified. Conclusion. The IVM method makes it possible to preserve the genetic material of patients with oncological diseases in a short time, without delaying the start of treatment with gonadotoxic therapy, allowing them to carry out their reproductive function in the future. Given the small number of studies and the lack of reliable protocols for using IVM, additional research in this area is needed.
Keywords: oncofertility, in vitro maturation, oocyte-cumulus complexes, immature oocytes
1. Каприн А.Д., Старинский В.В., Шахзадова А.О. Состояние онкологической помощи населению России в 2019 году. М.: МНИОИ им. П.А. Герцена − филиал ФГБУ «НМИЦ радиологии» Минздрава России, 2020 [Kaprin AD, Starinskii VV, Shakhzadova AO. Sostoianie onkologicheskoi pomoshchi naseleniiu Rossii v 2019 godu. Moscow: MNIOI im. P.A. Gertsena − filial FGBU “NMITs radiologii” Minzdrava Rossii, 2020 (in Russian)].
2. International Agency for Research on Cancer World Health Organization Sours: Globocan, 2020.
3. Shirasawa H, Terad Y. In vitro maturation of human immature oocytes for fertility preservation and research material. Reprod Med Biol. 2017;16:258-67.
4. Harada M, Osuga Y. Fertility preservation for female cancer patients. Japan Society of Clinical Oncology. 2018;24(1):28-33.
5. ESHRE guideline: female fertility preservation. Hum Reprod Open. 2020. DOI:10.1093/hropen/hoaa052
6. Dolmans M, Manavella DD. Recent advances in fertility preservation. Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2019;45(2):266-79.
7. Konstantinos D. Dinas fertility counseling and preservation for breast cancer patients. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2020;1252:181-7.
8. Roesner S, Dietrich JE, Weigert J, et al. Time-lapse imaging reveals diferences in growth dynamics of embryos after in vitro maturation compared with conventional stimulation. Fertil Steril. 2017;107(3):606-12e3.
9. Practice Committees of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine, the Society of Reproductive Biologists and Technologists, and the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology. In vitro maturation: a committee opinion. Fertil Steril. 2021;115(2):298-304. DOI:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.11.018
10. Plancha CE, Rodrigues P, Marques M, et al. The time is ripe for oocyte in vitro maturation. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2021;38:1281-3.
11. Gong X, Li H, Zhao Y. The improvement and clinical application of human oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM). Reprod Sci. 2021.
12. Yang Z, Chian R. Development of in vitro maturation techniques for clinical applications. Fertil Steril. 2017;108(4):577-84.
13. Hatırnaz Ş, Ata B, Hatırnaz ES, et al. Oocyte in vitro maturation: A sytematic review. Turk J Obstet Gynecol. 2018;15(2):112-25.
14. Creux H, Monnier P, Son WY, Buckett W. Thirteen years' experience in fertility preservation for cancer patients after in vitro fertilization and in vitro maturation treatments. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2018;35(4):583-92.
15. Nikiforov D, Junping C, Cadenas J, et al. Improving the maturation rate of human oocytes collected ex vivo during the cryopreservation of ovarian tissue. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2020;37(4):891-904.
16. Kedem A, Yerushalmi GM, Brengauz M, et al. Outcome of immature oocytes collection of 119 cancer patients during ovarian tissue harvesting for fertility preservation. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2018;35(5):851-6.
17. Kasapi E, Asimakopoulos B, Chatzimeletiou K, et al. Vitrification of human germinal vesicle oocytes: before or after in vitro maturation? Int J Fertil Steril. 2017;11(2):85-92.
________________________________________________
1. Kaprin AD, Starinskii VV, Shakhzadova AO. Sostoianie onkologicheskoi pomoshchi naseleniiu Rossii v 2019 godu. Moscow: MNIOI im. P.A. Gertsena − filial FGBU “NMITs radiologii” Minzdrava Rossii, 2020 (in Russian).
2. International Agency for Research on Cancer World Health Organization Sours: Globocan, 2020.
3. Shirasawa H, Terad Y. In vitro maturation of human immature oocytes for fertility preservation and research material. Reprod Med Biol. 2017;16:258-67.
4. Harada M, Osuga Y. Fertility preservation for female cancer patients. Japan Society of Clinical Oncology. 2018;24(1):28-33.
5. ESHRE guideline: female fertility preservation. Hum Reprod Open. 2020. DOI:10.1093/hropen/hoaa052
6. Dolmans M, Manavella DD. Recent advances in fertility preservation. Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2019;45(2):266-79.
7. Konstantinos D. Dinas fertility counseling and preservation for breast cancer patients. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2020;1252:181-7.
8. Roesner S, Dietrich JE, Weigert J, et al. Time-lapse imaging reveals diferences in growth dynamics of embryos after in vitro maturation compared with conventional stimulation. Fertil Steril. 2017;107(3):606-12e3.
9. Practice Committees of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine, the Society of Reproductive Biologists and Technologists, and the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology. In vitro maturation: a committee opinion. Fertil Steril. 2021;115(2):298-304. DOI:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.11.018
10. Plancha CE, Rodrigues P, Marques M, et al. The time is ripe for oocyte in vitro maturation. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2021;38:1281-3.
11. Gong X, Li H, Zhao Y. The improvement and clinical application of human oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM). Reprod Sci. 2021.
12. Yang Z, Chian R. Development of in vitro maturation techniques for clinical applications. Fertil Steril. 2017;108(4):577-84.
13. Hatırnaz Ş, Ata B, Hatırnaz ES, et al. Oocyte in vitro maturation: A sytematic review. Turk J Obstet Gynecol. 2018;15(2):112-25.
14. Creux H, Monnier P, Son WY, Buckett W. Thirteen years' experience in fertility preservation for cancer patients after in vitro fertilization and in vitro maturation treatments. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2018;35(4):583-92.
15. Nikiforov D, Junping C, Cadenas J, et al. Improving the maturation rate of human oocytes collected ex vivo during the cryopreservation of ovarian tissue. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2020;37(4):891-904.
16. Kedem A, Yerushalmi GM, Brengauz M, et al. Outcome of immature oocytes collection of 119 cancer patients during ovarian tissue harvesting for fertility preservation. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2018;35(5):851-6.
17. Kasapi E, Asimakopoulos B, Chatzimeletiou K, et al. Vitrification of human germinal vesicle oocytes: before or after in vitro maturation? Int J Fertil Steril. 2017;11(2):85-92.
1 ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия;
2 Клинико-диагностический центр АО ГК «Медси» на Солянке, Москва, Россия;
3 ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр хирургии им. А.В. Вишневского» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия;
4 Клиническая больница №2 АО ГК «Медси», Москва, Россия
*doclapina@mail.ru
________________________________________________
Irina A. Lapina*1, Yuliia E. Dobrokhotova1, Iurii A. Sorokin2, Anastasiia A. Malakhova1, Tatiana G. Chirvon1, Vladislav V. Taranov1, Natalia Iu. Germanovich3, Evgeniia V. Koval'skaia2, Olesia V. Kaikova4, Valeriia M. Gomzikova1, Maria A. Tverdikova2
1 Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia;
2Clinical and Diagnostic Center “Medsi” on Solyanka, Moscow, Russia;
3 Vishnevsky National Medical Research Center for Surgery, Moscow, Russia;
4 Clinical Hospital №2 “Medsi”, Moscow, Russia
*doclapina@mail.ru