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Предсказуемая польза фолатсодержащих комбинированных оральных контрацептивов после аборта у женщин
Предсказуемая польза фолатсодержащих комбинированных оральных контрацептивов после аборта у женщин
Мальцева Л.И, Гарифуллова Ю.В. Предсказуемая польза фолатсодержащих комбинированных оральных контрацептивов после аборта у женщин. Гинекология. 2022;24(2):72–79.
DOI: 10.26442/20795696.2022.2.201436
DOI: 10.26442/20795696.2022.2.201436
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Аннотация
Несмотря на все профилактические и образовательные кампании, частота незапланированных беременностей составляет 40% из более чем 200 млн беременностей, возникающих в мире. При этом примерно половина из них заканчивается абортом. Женщины в возрастной группе 20–30 лет, на которых приходится пик абортов, еще не выполнили свои репродуктивные планы. Отсутствие грамотной постабортной реабилитации женщины, включающей в том числе консультирование по вопросам контрацепции, приводит к тому, что каждая третья выбирает менее эффективный метод, а каждая четвертая и вовсе не использует методы контрацепции. Согласно Руководству Всемирной организации здравоохранения по безопасному аборту, всем женщинам после спонтанного или индуцированного аборта следует использовать гормональную контрацепцию. Комбинированные оральные контрацептивы (КОК) с дозой этинилэстрадиола 30 мкг в комбинации с дроспиреноном, обладающим выраженной антигонадотропной активностью, способны эффективно подавлять возбудимость гипоталамо-
гипофизарно-яичниковой оси после аборта. КОК могут использоваться для профилактики дефектов нервной трубки плода в случае наступления беременности после отмены КОК. Применение фолатсодержащих КОК – разумное средство доставки фолатных добавок у женщин репродуктивного возраста, которое может гарантировать будущую здоровую беременность и сохранить здоровье в целом.
Ключевые слова: аборт, контрацепция, дроспиренон, фолаты, здоровье женщины
Keywords: abortion, contraception, drospirenone, folate, women's health
гипофизарно-яичниковой оси после аборта. КОК могут использоваться для профилактики дефектов нервной трубки плода в случае наступления беременности после отмены КОК. Применение фолатсодержащих КОК – разумное средство доставки фолатных добавок у женщин репродуктивного возраста, которое может гарантировать будущую здоровую беременность и сохранить здоровье в целом.
Ключевые слова: аборт, контрацепция, дроспиренон, фолаты, здоровье женщины
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Keywords: abortion, contraception, drospirenone, folate, women's health
Полный текст
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2. Sedgh G, Singh S, Hussain R. Intended and unintended pregnancies worldwide in 2012 and recent trends. Stud Fam Plann. 2014;45(3):301-14.
3. Sakevich VI, Denisov BP. The latest trends in reproductive health and the problem of abortion in Russia. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniia. 2019;11:140-51 (in Russian). DOI:10.31857/S013216250007457-5
4. Statistika abortov v Rossii po dannym Rosstat. Rosstat, 2019. Available at: https://rosinfostat.ru/statistika-abortov-v-rossii-po-dannym-rosstat/ Accessed: 13.11.2020 (in Russian).
5. Nauchnye issledovaniia v oblasti preduprezhdeniia nebezopasnogo aborta. VOZ. Available at:
https://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/topics/unsafe_abortion/med_abortion/ru/ Accessed: 10.02.2021 (in Russian).
6. Kontratseptsiia posle aborta. Pentkroft Farma. Available at: http://www.ru486.ru/doctor_contr.htm Accessed: 13.11.2020 (in Russian).
7. Henshaw R, Naji S, Russell I, Templeton A. Psychological responses following medical abortion (using mifeprictone and gemeprost) and surgical vacuum aspiration. A patientcentered, partially randomized prospective study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1994;73(10):812-8.
8. The World Health Organization’s Safe Abortion Guidance Document. Am J Public Health. 2013;103(4)593-6. DOI:10.2105/AJPH.2012.301204
9. Unanyan AL, Arakelov SE, Polonskaya LS, et al. Postabortal rehabilitation: theoretical and practical aspects. Medical Council. 2014;(9):26-9 (in Russian).
DOI:10.21518/2079-701X-2014-9-26-29
10. Dikke GB. Medikamentoznyi abort v ambulatornoi praktike. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media, 2018 (in Russian).
11. Che Y, Liu X, Zhang B, Cheng L. Oral contraception following abortion. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95(27):e3825. DOI:10.1097/MD.0000000000003825
12. Krattenmacher R. Drospirenone: Pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of a unique progestogen. Contraception. 2000;62(1):29-38.
DOI:10.1016/s0010-7824(00)00133-5
13. Keam SJ, Wagstaff AJ. Ethinylestradiol/drospirenone: a review of its use as an oral contraceptive. Treat Endocrinol. 2003;2(1):49-70.
14. Endrikat JS, Milchev NP, Kapamadzija A, et al. Bleeding pattern, tolerance and patient satisfaction with a drospirenone containing oral contraceptive evaluated in 3488 women in Europe, the Middle East and Canada. Contraception. 2009;79:428-32.
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14. Endrikat JS, Milchev NP, Kapamadzija A, et al. Bleeding pattern, tolerance and patient satisfaction with a drospirenone containing oral contraceptive evaluated in 3488 women in Europe, the Middle East and Canada. Contraception. 2009;79:428-32.
15. Foidart JM, Wuttke W, Bouw GM, et al. A comparative investigation of contraceptive reliability, cycle control and tolerance of two monophasic oral contraceptives containing either drospirenone or desogestrel. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2000;5:124-34.
16. Landersoe SK, Petersen KB, Sørensen AL, et al. Ovarian reserve markers after discontinuinglong-term use of combined oral contraceptives. Reprod Biomed Online. 2020;40(1):176-86. DOI:10.1016/j.rbmo.2019.10.004
17. Landersoe SK, Larsen EC, Forman JL, et al. Ovarian reserve markers and endocrine profile during oral contraception: Is there a link between the degree of ovarian suppression and AMH? Gynecol Endocrinol. 2020;36(12):1090-5. DOI:10.1080/09513590.2020.1756250
18. McKetta S, Keyes KM. Oral contraceptive use and depression among adolescents. Ann Epidemiol. 2019;29:46-51. DOI:10.1016/j.annepidem.2018.10.002
19. Bitzer J. Orale Kontrazeptiva und Depression. Gynäkologische Endokrinologie. 9(1):31-5. DOI:10.1007/s10304-010-0390-x
20. Гулиева Л.П., Юренева С.В. Предменструальный синдром: клиника, диагностика и терапевтические подходы. Медицинский совет. 2017;2:106-11 [Guliyeva LP, Yureneva SV. Premenstrual syndrome: clinical pattern, diagnostics and therapeutic approaches. Meditsinskii sovet. 2017;2:106-11 (in Russian)].
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22. European Food Safety Authority. Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to folate and blood formation (ID 79), homocysteine metabolism (ID 80), energyyielding metabolism (ID 90), function of the immune system (ID 91), function of blood vessels (ID 94, 175, 192), cell division (ID 193), and maternal tissue growth during pregnancy (ID 2882) pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006. EFSA Journal. 2009;7(9):1213.
23. Di Chiara G. Nucleus accumbens shell and core dopamine: differential role in behavior and addiction. Behav Brain Res. 2002;137(1-2):75-114.
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24. Chilmonczyk Z, Bojarski AJ, Pilc A, Sylte I. Functional Selectivity and Antidepressant Activity of Serotonin 1A Receptor Ligands. Int J Mol Sci. 2015;16(8):18474-506. DOI:10.3390/ijms160818474
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28. Pace LE, Dolan BM, Tishler LW, et al. Incorporating Long-acting Reversible Contraception Into Primary Care: A Training and Practice Innovation. Womens Health Issues. 2016;26(2):131-4. DOI:10.1016/j.whi.2015.09.004
29. Osterhues A, Holzgreve W. Michels KB. Shall we put the world on folate? Lancet. 2009;374(9694):959-61. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61646-9
30. Shere M, Bapat P, Nickel C, et al. The Effectiveness of Folate-Fortified Oral Contraceptives in Maintaining Optimal Folate Levels to Protect Against Neural Tube Defects: A Systematic Review. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2015;37(6):527-33. DOI:10.1016/s1701-2163(15)30229-2
31. Mlodzik-Czyzewska MA, Malinowska AM, Chmurzynska A. Low folate intake and serum levels are associated with higher body mass index and abdominal fat accumulation: a case control study. Nutr J. 2020;19(1):53. DOI:10.1186/s12937-020-00572-6
32. Lind MV, Lauritzen L, Kristensen M, et al. Effect of folate supplementation on insulin sensitivity and type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr. 2019;109(1):29-42. DOI:10.1093/ajcn/nqy234
33. Jiang H, Li C, Wei B, et al. Serum homocysteine levels in acne patients. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2018;17(3):523-6. DOI:10.1111/jocd.12456
34. Peng Y, Dong B, Wang Z. Serum folate concentrations and all-cause, cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality: A cohort study based on 1999-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Int J Cardiol. 2016;219:136-42.
DOI:10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.06.024
35. ESHRE Capri Workshop Group. Ovarian and endometrial function during hormonal contraception. Hum Reprod. 2001;16(7):1527-35. DOI:10.1093/humrep/16.7.1527
36. Smith JS, Green J, Berrington de Gonzalez A, et al. Cervical cancer and use of hormonal contraceptives: a systematic review. Lancet. 2003;361(9364):1159-67.
DOI:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)12949-2
37. Moreno V, Bosch FX, Muñoz N, et al. Effect of oral contraceptives on risk of cervical cancer in women with human papillomavirus infection: the IARC multicentric case-control study. Lancet. 2002;359(9312):1085-92.
38. Appleby P, Beral V, Berrington de Gonzalez A, et al; International Collaboration of Epidemiological Studies of Cervical Cancer. Cervical cancer and hormonal contraceptives: collaborative reanalysis of individual data for 16,573 women with cervical cancer and 35,509 women without cervical cancer from 24 epidemiological studies. Lancet 2007;370(9599):1609-21. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61684-5
39. Piyathilake CJ, Macaluso M, Alvarez RD, et al. Lower Risk of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia in Women with High Plasma Folate and Sufficient Vitamin B12 in the Post-Folic Acid Fortification Era. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2009;2(7):658-64. DOI:10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-08-0175
40. Абрамов П.М., Катаргин А.Н., Федорова М.Д., и др. Роль метилирования регуляторного района вируса папиллом человека типа 16 в экспрессии вирусных онкогенов Е6 и E7 в первичных опухолях шейки матки. Успехи молекулярной онкологии. 2018;5(4):110-6 [Abramov PM, Katargin AN, Fedorova MD, et al. The role of HPV16 regulatory region methylation in viral oncogenes E6 and E7 eхpression in primary cervical cancer lesions. Advances in Molecular Oncology. 2018;5(4):110-6
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41. Piyathilake CJ, Macaluso M, Chambers MM, et al. Folate and vitamin B12 may play a critical role in lowering the HPV 16 methylation-associated risk of developing higher grades of CIN. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2014;7(11):1128-37. DOI:10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-14-0143
42. Zeng J, Gu Y, Fu H, et al. Association Between One-carbon Metabolism-related Vitamins and Risk of Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prospective Studies. Clin Breast Cancer. 2020;20(4):e469-80. DOI:10.1016/j.clbc.2020.02.012
43. Figo Working Group on Best Practice in Maternal–Fetal Medicine, International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2015;128(1):80-2. DOI:10.1016/j.ijgo.2014.10.011
44. George L, Mills JL, Johansson ALV, et al. Plasma folate level and risk of spontaneous abortion. JAMA. 2002;288(15):1867-73. DOI:10.1001/jama.288.15.1867
45. Greenberg JA, Bell SJ, Guan Y, Yu Y-H. Folic Acid supplementation and pregnancy: more than just neural tube defect prevention. Rev Obstet Gynecol. 2011;4(2):52-9.
46. Lumley J, Watson L, Watson M, Bower C. Periconceptional supplementation with folate and/or multivitamins for preventing neural tube defects. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000;(2):CD001056. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD001056
47. Mao Y-Y, Yang L, Li M, et al. Periconceptional Folic Acid Supplementation and the Risk of Spontaneous Abortion among Women Who Prepared to Conceive: Impact of Supplementation Initiation Timing. Nutrients. 2020;12(8):2264. DOI:10.3390/nu12082264
48. Bukowski R, Malone FD, Porter FT, et al. Preconceptional folate supplementation and the risk of spontaneous preterm birth: a cohort study. PLoS Med. 2009;6(5):e1000061.
DOI:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000061
49. Hodgetts VA, Morris RK, Francis A, et al. Effectiveness of folic acid supplementation in pregnancy on reducing the risk of small-for-gestational age neonates: a population study, systematic review and meta-analysis. BJOG. 2015;122(4):478-90. DOI:10.1111/1471-0528.13202
50. Wald NJ, Morris JK, Blakemore C. Urgent need for folic acid fortification of flour and grains: response to the 2019 UK Government’s public consultation. Arch Dis Child. 2020;105(1):6-9. DOI:10.1136/archdischild-2019-318534
51. Best K, Green TJ. Adequate maternal pre-conceptional folate status may reduce the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus. Evid Based Nurs. 2020;ebnurs-2019-103157. DOI:10.1136/ebnurs-2019-103157
52. Li M, Li S, Chavarro JE, et al. Prepregnancy Habitual Intakes of Total, Supplemental, and Food Folate and Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Cohort Study. Diabetes care. 2019;42(6):1034-41. DOI:10.2337/dc18-2198
53. McDougall B, Kavanagh K, Stephenson J. Health behaviours in 131,182 UK women planning pregnancy. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2021;21(1):530.
DOI:10.1186/s12884-021-04007-w.
54. Lang AY, Harrison CL, Barrett G. Women Birth. Opportunities for enhancing pregnancy planning and preconception health behaviours of Australian women. 2021;34(2):e153-61. DOI:10.1016/j.wombi.2020.02.022
55. Habte A, Dessu S, Haile D. Determinants of practice of preconception care among women of reproductive age group in southern Ethiopia, 2020: content analysis. Reproductive Health. 2021;18(1):100. DOI:10.1186/s12978-021-01154-3
56. Bitzer J, von Stenglin A, Bannemerschult R. Women's awareness and periconceptional use of folic acid: data from a large European survey.
Int J Womens Health. 2013;5:201-13. DOI:10.2147/IJWH.S40149
57. Российское общество акушеров-гинекологов. Клинические рекомендации Минздрава России. Нормальная беременность. 2020. Режим доступа: https://minzdrav.samregion.ru/wp-content/uploads/sites/28/2020/12/normalnaya-beremennost.pdf Ссылка активна на 20.02.2022 [Rossiiskoe obshchestvo akusherov-ginekologov. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii Minzdrava Rossii. Normal'naia beremennost'. 2020. Available at: https://minzdrav.samregion.ru/wp-content/uploads/sites/28/2020/12/normalnaya-beremennost.pdf Accessed: 20.02.2022 (in Russian)].
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59. Mansour D, Verhoeven C, Sommer W, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of a monophasic combined oral contraceptive containing nomegestrol acetate and 17beta-oestradiol in a 24/4 regimen, in comparison to an oral contraceptive containing ethinylestradiol and drospirenone in a 21/7 regimen. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2011;16(6):430-43. DOI:10.3109/13625187.2011.614029
60. Schultz-Zehden B, Boschitsch E. User experience with an oral contraceptive containing ethinylestradiol 30mug and drospirenone 3mg Yasmin® in clinical practice. Treat Endocrinol. 2006;5(4):251-6. DOI:10.2165/00024677-200605040-00006
61. Muhn P, Fuhrmann U, Fritzemeier KH, et al. Drospirenone: a novel progestogen with antimineralocorticoid and antiandrogenic activity. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1995;761:311-35. DOI:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb31386.x
62. Thorneycroft IH, Gollnick H, Schellschmidt I. Superiority of a combined contraceptive containing drospirenone to a triphasic preparation containing norgestimate in acne treatment. Cutis. 2004;74(2):123-30.
63. van Vloten WA, van Haselen CW, van Zuuren EJ, et al. The effect of 2 combined oral Contraceptives containing either drospirenone or cyproterone acetate on acne and seborrhea. Cutis. 2002;69(Suppl. 4):2-15.
64. Sitruk-Ware R. Pharmacology of different progestogens: the special case of drospirenone. Climacteric. 2005;8(Suppl. 3):4-12. DOI:10.1080/13697130500330382
65. Champaloux SW, Tepper NK, Monsour M, et al. Use of combined hormonal contraceptives among women with migraines and risk of ischemic stroke. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017;216(5):489.e1-e7. DOI:10.1016/j.ajog.2016.12.019
66. Driul L, Londero AP. Migraine with aura and screening for biological thrombophilia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2018;218(3):364. DOI:10.1016/j.ajog.2017.11.585
67. Mauvais-Jarvis F, Klein SL, Levin ER. Estradiol, progesterone, immunomodulation and the consequences of COVID-19 Outcomes. Endocrinology. 2020;161(9):bqaa127. DOI:10.1210/endocr/bqaa127
68. Braun E, Sauter D. Furin-mediated protein processing in infectious diseases and cancer. Clin Transl Immunology. 2019;8(8):e1073. DOI:10.1002/cti2.1073
69. Sheybani Z, Dokoohaki, MH, Negahdaripour M, et al. The role of folic acid in the management of respiratory disease caused by COVID-19. ChemRxiv. 2020. DOI:10.26434/chemrxiv.12034980.v1
70. Coutard B, Valle C, de Lamballerie X, et al. The spike glycoprotein of the new coronavirus 2019-nCoV contains a furin-like cleavage site absent in CoV of the same clade. Antiviral Res. 2020;176:104742. DOI:10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104742
71. Serseg T, Benarous K, Yousfi M. Hispidin and Lepidine e: Two natural compounds and folic acid as potential inhibitors of 2019-novel coronavirus main protease, (2019-ncovmpro), molecular docking and SAR study. Curr Comput Aided Drug Des. 2021;17(3):469-79. DOI:10.2174/1573409916666200422075440
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39. Piyathilake CJ, Macaluso M, Alvarez RD, et al. Lower Risk of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia in Women with High Plasma Folate and Sufficient Vitamin B12 in the Post-Folic Acid Fortification Era. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2009;2(7):658-64. DOI:10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-08-0175
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43. Figo Working Group on Best Practice in Maternal–Fetal Medicine, International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2015;128(1):80-2. DOI:10.1016/j.ijgo.2014.10.011
44. George L, Mills JL, Johansson ALV, et al. Plasma folate level and risk of spontaneous abortion. JAMA. 2002;288(15):1867-73. DOI:10.1001/jama.288.15.1867
45. Greenberg JA, Bell SJ, Guan Y, Yu Y-H. Folic Acid supplementation and pregnancy: more than just neural tube defect prevention. Rev Obstet Gynecol. 2011;4(2):52-9.
46. Lumley J, Watson L, Watson M, Bower C. Periconceptional supplementation with folate and/or multivitamins for preventing neural tube defects. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000;(2):CD001056. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD001056
47. Mao Y-Y, Yang L, Li M, et al. Periconceptional Folic Acid Supplementation and the Risk of Spontaneous Abortion among Women Who Prepared to Conceive: Impact of Supplementation Initiation Timing. Nutrients. 2020;12(8):2264. DOI:10.3390/nu12082264
48. Bukowski R, Malone FD, Porter FT, et al. Preconceptional folate supplementation and the risk of spontaneous preterm birth: a cohort study. PLoS Med. 2009;6(5):e1000061.
DOI:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000061
49. Hodgetts VA, Morris RK, Francis A, et al. Effectiveness of folic acid supplementation in pregnancy on reducing the risk of small-for-gestational age neonates: a population study, systematic review and meta-analysis. BJOG. 2015;122(4):478-90. DOI:10.1111/1471-0528.13202
50. Wald NJ, Morris JK, Blakemore C. Urgent need for folic acid fortification of flour and grains: response to the 2019 UK Government’s public consultation. Arch Dis Child. 2020;105(1):6-9. DOI:10.1136/archdischild-2019-318534
51. Best K, Green TJ. Adequate maternal pre-conceptional folate status may reduce the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus. Evid Based Nurs. 2020;ebnurs-2019-103157. DOI:10.1136/ebnurs-2019-103157
52. Li M, Li S, Chavarro JE, et al. Prepregnancy Habitual Intakes of Total, Supplemental, and Food Folate and Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Cohort Study. Diabetes care. 2019;42(6):1034-41. DOI:10.2337/dc18-2198
53. McDougall B, Kavanagh K, Stephenson J. Health behaviours in 131,182 UK women planning pregnancy. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2021;21(1):530.
DOI:10.1186/s12884-021-04007-w.
54. Lang AY, Harrison CL, Barrett G. Women Birth. Opportunities for enhancing pregnancy planning and preconception health behaviours of Australian women. 2021;34(2):e153-61. DOI:10.1016/j.wombi.2020.02.022
55. Habte A, Dessu S, Haile D. Determinants of practice of preconception care among women of reproductive age group in southern Ethiopia, 2020: content analysis. Reproductive Health. 2021;18(1):100. DOI:10.1186/s12978-021-01154-3
56. Bitzer J, von Stenglin A, Bannemerschult R. Women's awareness and periconceptional use of folic acid: data from a large European survey.
Int J Womens Health. 2013;5:201-13. DOI:10.2147/IJWH.S40149
57. Rossiiskoe obshchestvo akusherov-ginekologov. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii Minzdrava Rossii. Normal'naia beremennost'. 2020. Available at: https://minzdrav.samregion.ru/wp-content/uploads/sites/28/2020/12/normalnaya-beremennost.pdf Accessed: 20.02.2022 (in Russian).
58. Dinger J, Bardenheuer K, Hienemann K. Cardiovascular and General Safety of a 24-Day Regimen of Drospirenone-Containing Combined Oral Contraceptives: Final Results from the International Active Surveillance Study of Women Taking Oral Contraceptives. Contraception. 2014;89(4):253-63. DOI:10.1016/j.contraception.2014.01.023
59. Mansour D, Verhoeven C, Sommer W, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of a monophasic combined oral contraceptive containing nomegestrol acetate and 17beta-oestradiol in a 24/4 regimen, in comparison to an oral contraceptive containing ethinylestradiol and drospirenone in a 21/7 regimen. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2011;16(6):430-43. DOI:10.3109/13625187.2011.614029
60. Schultz-Zehden B, Boschitsch E. User experience with an oral contraceptive containing ethinylestradiol 30mug and drospirenone 3mg Yasmin® in clinical practice. Treat Endocrinol. 2006;5(4):251-6. DOI:10.2165/00024677-200605040-00006
61. Muhn P, Fuhrmann U, Fritzemeier KH, et al. Drospirenone: a novel progestogen with antimineralocorticoid and antiandrogenic activity. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1995;761:311-35. DOI:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb31386.x
62. Thorneycroft IH, Gollnick H, Schellschmidt I. Superiority of a combined contraceptive containing drospirenone to a triphasic preparation containing norgestimate in acne treatment. Cutis. 2004;74(2):123-30.
63. van Vloten WA, van Haselen CW, van Zuuren EJ, et al. The effect of 2 combined oral Contraceptives containing either drospirenone or cyproterone acetate on acne and seborrhea. Cutis. 2002;69(Suppl. 4):2-15.
64. Sitruk-Ware R. Pharmacology of different progestogens: the special case of drospirenone. Climacteric. 2005;8(Suppl. 3):4-12. DOI:10.1080/13697130500330382
65. Champaloux SW, Tepper NK, Monsour M, et al. Use of combined hormonal contraceptives among women with migraines and risk of ischemic stroke. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017;216(5):489.e1-e7. DOI:10.1016/j.ajog.2016.12.019
66. Driul L, Londero AP. Migraine with aura and screening for biological thrombophilia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2018;218(3):364. DOI:10.1016/j.ajog.2017.11.585
67. Mauvais-Jarvis F, Klein SL, Levin ER. Estradiol, progesterone, immunomodulation and the consequences of COVID-19 Outcomes. Endocrinology. 2020;161(9):bqaa127. DOI:10.1210/endocr/bqaa127
68. Braun E, Sauter D. Furin-mediated protein processing in infectious diseases and cancer. Clin Transl Immunology. 2019;8(8):e1073. DOI:10.1002/cti2.1073
69. Sheybani Z, Dokoohaki, MH, Negahdaripour M, et al. The role of folic acid in the management of respiratory disease caused by COVID-19. ChemRxiv. 2020. DOI:10.26434/chemrxiv.12034980.v1
70. Coutard B, Valle C, de Lamballerie X, et al. The spike glycoprotein of the new coronavirus 2019-nCoV contains a furin-like cleavage site absent in CoV of the same clade. Antiviral Res. 2020;176:104742. DOI:10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104742
71. Serseg T, Benarous K, Yousfi M. Hispidin and Lepidine e: Two natural compounds and folic acid as potential inhibitors of 2019-novel coronavirus main protease, (2019-ncovmpro), molecular docking and SAR study. Curr Comput Aided Drug Des. 2021;17(3):469-79. DOI:10.2174/1573409916666200422075440
Авторы
Л.И. Мальцева1, Ю.В. Гарифуллова*2
1 Казанская государственная медицинская академия – филиал ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России, Казань, Россия;
2 ФГБОУ ВО «Казанский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России, Казань, Россия
*gamil.garifullov@yandex.ru
1 Kazan State Medical Academy – branch of Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Kazan, Russia;
2 Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
*gamil.garifullov@yandex.ru
1 Казанская государственная медицинская академия – филиал ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России, Казань, Россия;
2 ФГБОУ ВО «Казанский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России, Казань, Россия
*gamil.garifullov@yandex.ru
________________________________________________
1 Kazan State Medical Academy – branch of Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Kazan, Russia;
2 Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
*gamil.garifullov@yandex.ru
Цель портала OmniDoctor – предоставление профессиональной информации врачам, провизорам и фармацевтам.