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Короткие курсы антимикробной терапии при бактериальном вагинозе: возможности современной фармакологии
Ших Е.В., Лазарева Н.Б., Пономаренко Т.М. Короткие курсы антимикробной терапии при бактериальном вагинозе: возможности современной фармакологии. Гинекология. 2022;24(4):271–276.
DOI: 10.26442/20795696.2022.4.201826
DOI: 10.26442/20795696.2022.4.201826
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Shikh EV, Lazareva NB, Ponomarenko TM. Short courses of antimicrobial therapy for bacterial vaginosis: the possibilities of modern pharmacology: A review. Gynecology. 2022;24(4):271–276.
DOI: 10.26442/20795696.2022.4.201826
Материалы доступны только для специалистов сферы здравоохранения. Авторизуйтесь или зарегистрируйтесь.
Аннотация
Бактериальный вагиноз сопряжен с развитием тяжелых инфекционно-воспалительных заболеваний в акушерско-гинекологической практике, а также приводит к снижению качества жизни у женщин репродуктивного возраста. При этом его распространенность в мире достигает 80%. Таким образом разработка новых эффективных и безопасных методов антимикробной терапии становится актуальной проблемой. В статье представлен обзор современной антимикробной терапии при бактериальном вагинозе и проведена оценка безопасности и эффективности коротких курсов антимикробной терапии с помощью комбинированных препаратов для интравагинального применения.
Ключевые слова: бактериальный вагиноз, антимикробная терапия, тинидазол, тиоконазол
Ключевые слова: бактериальный вагиноз, антимикробная терапия, тинидазол, тиоконазол
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Bacterial vaginosis is associated with severe infectious and inflammatory diseases and reduces the quality of life in women of reproductive age. Its worldwide prevalence is up to 80%. Thus, the development of new effective and safe methods of antimicrobial therapy becomes an urgent problem.
This article provides a review of current antimicrobial therapies for bacterial vaginosis and evaluates the safety and efficacy of short courses of antimicrobial therapy using combined agents for intravaginal use.
Keywords: bacterial vaginosis, antimicrobial therapy, tinidazole, tioconazole
Полный текст
Список литературы
1. Дикке Г.Б., Баранов И.И., Байрамова Г.Р. Бактериальный вагиноз: парадокс XXI века. Акушерство и гинекология: новости, мнения, обучение. 2021;9(4):52-62 [Dikke GB, Baranov II, Bayramova GR. Bacterial vaginosis: paradox of the XXI century. Akusherstvo i ginekologiya: novosti, mneniya, obuchenie (Obstetrics and Gynecology: News, Opinions, Training). 2021;9(4):52-62 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.33029/2303-9698-2021-9-4-52
2. Atashili J, Poole C, Ndumbe PM, et al. Bacterial vaginosis and HIV acquisition: a meta-analysis of published studies. AIDS. 2008;22(12):1493-501. DOI:10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283021a37
3. Esber A, Vicetti Miguel RD, Cherpes TL, et al. Risk of Bacterial Vaginosis Among Women With Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Infect Dis. 2015;212:8-17. DOI:10.1093/infdis/jiv017
4. Wiesenfeld HC, Hillier SL, Krohn MA, et al. Bacterial vaginosis is a strong predictor of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2003;36:663-8. DOI:10.1086/367658
5. Borges S, Barbosa J, Teixeira P. Drug Delivery Systems for Vaginal Infections. Frontiers in clinical drug research: anti-infectives. Bentham Science Publishers. 2016;2:2-28. DOI:10.2174/9781681081533116020009
6. Schwebke JR, Muzny CA, Josey WE. Role of Gardnerella vaginalis in the pathogenesis of bacterial vaginosis: a conceptual model. J Infect Dis. 2014;210:338-43 DOI:10.1093/infdis/jiu089
7. Patterson JL, Stull-Lane A, Giererd PH, Jefferson KK. Analysis of adherence, biofilm formation and cytotoxicity suggests a greater virulence potential of Gardnerella vaginalis relative to other bacterial-vaginosis – associated anaerobes. Microbiology. 2010;156(Pt. 2):392-9. DOI:10.1099/mic.0.034280-0
8. Хрянин А.А., Кнорринг Г.Ю. Современные представления о биопленках микроорганизмов. Фарматека. 2020;6:34-42 [Khryanin AA, Knorring GYu. Modern concepts of microbial biofilms. Pharmateca. 2020;6:34-42 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.18565/pharmateca.2020.6.34-42
9. Хрянин А.А., Кнорринг Г.Ю. Современные представления о бактериальном вагинозе. Гинекология. 2021;23(1):37-42 [Khryanin AA, Knorring GY. Modern understanding of bacterial vaginosis. Gynecology. 2021;23(1):37-42 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.26442/20795696.2021.1.200680
10. Клинические рекомендации по диагностике и лечению заболеваний, сопровождающихся патологическими выделениями из половых путей женщин. М.: РОАГ, 2015 [Clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases accompanied by pathological discharge from the genital tract of women. Moscow: ROAG, 2015 (in Russian)].
11. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Vaginitis in nonpregnant patients: ACOG Practice Bulletin, Number 215. Obstet Gynecol. 2020;135(1):e1-17. DOI:10.1097/AOG.0000000000003604
12. Лазарева Н.Б., Реброва Е.В., Рязанова А.Ю., Ших Е.В. Клинико-фармакологическое обоснование принципов терапии бактериальных вагинозов. Вопросы гинекологии, акушерства и перинатологии. 2021;20(3):134-45 [Lazareva NB, Rebrova EV, Ryazanova AYu, Shikh EV. Clinical and pharmacological rationale for principles of therapy for bacterial vaginosis. Vopr. ginekol. akus. perinatol. (Gynecology, Obstetrics and Perinatology). 2021;20(3):134-45 (in Russian). DOI:10.20953/1726-1678-2021-3-134-145
13. Thulkar J, Kriplani A, Agarwal N. A comparative study of oral single dose of metronidazole, tinidazole, secnidazole and ornidazole in bacterial vaginosis. Indian J Pharmacol. 2012;44(2):243-5. DOI:10.4103/0253-7613.93859
14. Духанин А.С., Семиошина О.Е. Рациональный выбор вагинального препарата: роль лекарственной формы. РМЖ. Мать и дитя. 2019;2(4):314-20 [Dukhanin AS, Semioshina OE. Rational choice of vaginal drug formulation. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2019;2(4):314-20 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.32364/2618-8430-2019-2-4-314-320
15. Paul M, Leibovici L. Combination antimicrobial treatment versus monotherapy: the contribution of meta-analyses. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2009;23(2):277-93. DOI:10.1016/j.idc.2009.01.004
16. Вагинальные инфекции вне и во время беременности. Взгляд гинеколога, дерматовенеролога и акушера. III конгресс «Дискуссионные вопросы современного акушерства». Эффективная фармакотерапия. 2015;36:40-6 [Vaginal infections outside and during pregnancy. View of a gynecologist, dermatovenerologist and obstetrician. III Congress “Discussion issues of modern obstetrics”. Effective Pharmacotherapy. 2015;36:40-6 (in Russian)].
17. Raja IM, Basavareddy A, Mukherjee D, et al. Randomized, double blind, comparative study of oral metronidazole and tinidazole in treatment of bacterial vaginosis. Indian J Pharmacol. 2016;48(6):654. DOI:10.4103/0253-7613.194843
18. Armstrong NR, Wilson JD. Tinidazole in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. Int J Womens Health. 2010;1:59-65. DOI:10.2147/ijwh.s4455
19 Donders GGG, Zodzika J, Rezeberga D. Treatment of bacterial vagino sis: what we have and what we miss. Exp Opin Pharmacother. 2014;15(5):645-57. DOI:10.1517/14656566.2014.881800
20. Nailor MD, Sobel JD. Tinidazole for bacterial vaginosis. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2007;5:343-8. DOI:10.1586/14787210.5.3.343
21. Beggs WH. Fungicidal activity of tioconazole in relation to growth phase of Candida abicans and Candida parapsilosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1984;26(5):699-701. DOI:10.1128/AAC.26.5.699
22. Lefler E, Stevens DA. Inhibition and killing of Candida albicans in vitro by five imidazoles in clinical use. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1984;25(4):450-4. DOI:10.1128/aac.25.4.450
23. Marriot MS, Brammer KW, Faccini J, et al. Tioconazole, a new broadspectrum antifungal agent: Preclinical studies related to vaginal candidiasis. Gynakol Rundsch. 1983;23(Suppl. 1):1-11. DOI:10.1159/000269562
24. Cohen J. Open comparison of the efficacy, toleration and safety of tioconazole cream and econazole ovules used in the 3-day treatment of patients with vaginal candidiasis. Gynakol Rundsch. 1983;23(1):25-8. DOI:10.1159/000269566
25. Schaetzing A. Tioconazole in the Treatment of Vaginal Candidosis. Mycoses. 1988;31(11):584-9. DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0507.1988.tb04412.x
26. Stein GE, Gurwith D, Mummaw N, Gurwith M. Single-dose tioconazole compared with 3-day clotrimazole treatment in vulvovaginal candidiasis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1986;29(6):969-71. DOI:10.1128/aac.29.6.969
27. Krohn K, Vinnerberg A. Open comparison of the efficacy, toleration and safety of tioconazole and econazole in the 3-day treatment of vaginal candidiasis. Gynakol Rundsch. 1983;23(Suppl. 1):29-32. DOI:10.1159/000269567
28. Regidor PA, Sailer M. Open Prospective Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of a New Vaginal Pessary Containing 300mg Tinidazole, 200mg Tioconazole and 100mg Lidocaine with a 3-day Regime (GynomaxXL®) in the Treatment of Vaginal Infections due to Bacterial Vaginosis, Candidiasis and Mixed Infections. Biomed J Sci Tech Res. 2019;12(5):1-11. DOI:10.26717/BJSTR.2019.12.002327
29. Tavmergen E, Acet F, Taner CE, et al. The Efficacy and Safety of Gynomax® XL Vaginal Ovule in the Treatment of Common Vaginal Infections: A Single-Arm Clinical Trial, Gyno-Türk. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2021;31(4):120-8. DOI:10.5336/jcog.2021-85924
30. Ozyurt E, Toykuliyeva MB, Danilyans IL, et al. Efficacy of 7-day treatment with metronidazole+miconazole (Neo-Penotran)-a triple-active pessary for the treatment of single and mixed vaginal infections. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2001;74(1):35-43. DOI:10.1016/s0020-7292(01)00388-5
31. Волков В.Г., Захарова Т.В. Оптимизация предоперационной подготовки женщин с цервикальными неоплазиями высокой степени. РМЖ. Мать и дитя. 2019;2(3):243-6 [Volkov VG, Zakharova TV. Improving preoperative management of women with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2019;2(3):243-6 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.32364/2618-8430-2019-2-3-243-246
32. Каткова Н.Ю., Гусева О.И., Качалина О.В., и др. Лечение вагинитов при беременности. Акушерство и гинекология. 2020;4:190-4 [Katkova NYu, Guseva OI, Kachalina OV, et al. Treatment of vaginitis during pregnancy. Akusherstvo i Ginekologiya. 2020;4:190-4 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.18565/aig.2020.4.190-194
33. Henderson JT, Neilson W, Wilson AB, Jevons S. Tioconazole in the treatment of vaginal candidiasis. An international clinical research program. Gynakol Rundsch. 1983;23(Suppl. 1):42-60. DOI:10.1159/000269570
34. Исследование «Оценка приверженности терапии гинекологических инфекций». М.: Romir, 2020 [Study “Evaluation of adherence to therapy for gynecological infections”. Moscow: Romir, 2020 (in Russian)].
2. Atashili J, Poole C, Ndumbe PM, et al. Bacterial vaginosis and HIV acquisition: a meta-analysis of published studies. AIDS. 2008;22(12):1493-501. DOI:10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283021a37
3. Esber A, Vicetti Miguel RD, Cherpes TL, et al. Risk of Bacterial Vaginosis Among Women With Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Infect Dis. 2015;212:8-17. DOI:10.1093/infdis/jiv017
4. Wiesenfeld HC, Hillier SL, Krohn MA, et al. Bacterial vaginosis is a strong predictor of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2003;36:663-8. DOI:10.1086/367658
5. Borges S, Barbosa J, Teixeira P. Drug Delivery Systems for Vaginal Infections. Frontiers in clinical drug research: anti-infectives. Bentham Science Publishers. 2016;2:2-28. DOI:10.2174/9781681081533116020009
6. Schwebke JR, Muzny CA, Josey WE. Role of Gardnerella vaginalis in the pathogenesis of bacterial vaginosis: a conceptual model. J Infect Dis. 2014;210:338-43 DOI:10.1093/infdis/jiu089
7. Patterson JL, Stull-Lane A, Giererd PH, Jefferson KK. Analysis of adherence, biofilm formation and cytotoxicity suggests a greater virulence potential of Gardnerella vaginalis relative to other bacterial-vaginosis – associated anaerobes. Microbiology. 2010;156(Pt. 2):392-9. DOI:10.1099/mic.0.034280-0
8. Хрянин А.А., Кнорринг Г.Ю. Современные представления о биопленках микроорганизмов. Фарматека. 2020;6:34-42 [Khryanin AA, Knorring GYu. Modern concepts of microbial biofilms. Pharmateca. 2020;6:34-42 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.18565/pharmateca.2020.6.34-42
9. Хрянин А.А., Кнорринг Г.Ю. Современные представления о бактериальном вагинозе. Гинекология. 2021;23(1):37-42 [Khryanin AA, Knorring GY. Modern understanding of bacterial vaginosis. Gynecology. 2021;23(1):37-42 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.26442/20795696.2021.1.200680
10. Клинические рекомендации по диагностике и лечению заболеваний, сопровождающихся патологическими выделениями из половых путей женщин. М.: РОАГ, 2015 [Clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases accompanied by pathological discharge from the genital tract of women. Moscow: ROAG, 2015 (in Russian)].
11. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Vaginitis in nonpregnant patients: ACOG Practice Bulletin, Number 215. Obstet Gynecol. 2020;135(1):e1-17. DOI:10.1097/AOG.0000000000003604
12. Лазарева Н.Б., Реброва Е.В., Рязанова А.Ю., Ших Е.В. Клинико-фармакологическое обоснование принципов терапии бактериальных вагинозов. Вопросы гинекологии, акушерства и перинатологии. 2021;20(3):134-45 [Lazareva NB, Rebrova EV, Ryazanova AYu, Shikh EV. Clinical and pharmacological rationale for principles of therapy for bacterial vaginosis. Vopr. ginekol. akus. perinatol. (Gynecology, Obstetrics and Perinatology). 2021;20(3):134-45 (in Russian). DOI:10.20953/1726-1678-2021-3-134-145
13. Thulkar J, Kriplani A, Agarwal N. A comparative study of oral single dose of metronidazole, tinidazole, secnidazole and ornidazole in bacterial vaginosis. Indian J Pharmacol. 2012;44(2):243-5. DOI:10.4103/0253-7613.93859
14. Духанин А.С., Семиошина О.Е. Рациональный выбор вагинального препарата: роль лекарственной формы. РМЖ. Мать и дитя. 2019;2(4):314-20 [Dukhanin AS, Semioshina OE. Rational choice of vaginal drug formulation. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2019;2(4):314-20 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.32364/2618-8430-2019-2-4-314-320
15. Paul M, Leibovici L. Combination antimicrobial treatment versus monotherapy: the contribution of meta-analyses. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2009;23(2):277-93. DOI:10.1016/j.idc.2009.01.004
16. Вагинальные инфекции вне и во время беременности. Взгляд гинеколога, дерматовенеролога и акушера. III конгресс «Дискуссионные вопросы современного акушерства». Эффективная фармакотерапия. 2015;36:40-6 [Vaginal infections outside and during pregnancy. View of a gynecologist, dermatovenerologist and obstetrician. III Congress “Discussion issues of modern obstetrics”. Effective Pharmacotherapy. 2015;36:40-6 (in Russian)].
17. Raja IM, Basavareddy A, Mukherjee D, et al. Randomized, double blind, comparative study of oral metronidazole and tinidazole in treatment of bacterial vaginosis. Indian J Pharmacol. 2016;48(6):654. DOI:10.4103/0253-7613.194843
18. Armstrong NR, Wilson JD. Tinidazole in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. Int J Womens Health. 2010;1:59-65. DOI:10.2147/ijwh.s4455
19 Donders GGG, Zodzika J, Rezeberga D. Treatment of bacterial vagino sis: what we have and what we miss. Exp Opin Pharmacother. 2014;15(5):645-57. DOI:10.1517/14656566.2014.881800
20. Nailor MD, Sobel JD. Tinidazole for bacterial vaginosis. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2007;5:343-8. DOI:10.1586/14787210.5.3.343
21. Beggs WH. Fungicidal activity of tioconazole in relation to growth phase of Candida abicans and Candida parapsilosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1984;26(5):699-701. DOI:10.1128/AAC.26.5.699
22. Lefler E, Stevens DA. Inhibition and killing of Candida albicans in vitro by five imidazoles in clinical use. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1984;25(4):450-4. DOI:10.1128/aac.25.4.450
23. Marriot MS, Brammer KW, Faccini J, et al. Tioconazole, a new broadspectrum antifungal agent: Preclinical studies related to vaginal candidiasis. Gynakol Rundsch. 1983;23(Suppl. 1):1-11. DOI:10.1159/000269562
24. Cohen J. Open comparison of the efficacy, toleration and safety of tioconazole cream and econazole ovules used in the 3-day treatment of patients with vaginal candidiasis. Gynakol Rundsch. 1983;23(1):25-8. DOI:10.1159/000269566
25. Schaetzing A. Tioconazole in the Treatment of Vaginal Candidosis. Mycoses. 1988;31(11):584-9. DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0507.1988.tb04412.x
26. Stein GE, Gurwith D, Mummaw N, Gurwith M. Single-dose tioconazole compared with 3-day clotrimazole treatment in vulvovaginal candidiasis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1986;29(6):969-71. DOI:10.1128/aac.29.6.969
27. Krohn K, Vinnerberg A. Open comparison of the efficacy, toleration and safety of tioconazole and econazole in the 3-day treatment of vaginal candidiasis. Gynakol Rundsch. 1983;23(Suppl. 1):29-32. DOI:10.1159/000269567
28. Regidor PA, Sailer M. Open Prospective Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of a New Vaginal Pessary Containing 300mg Tinidazole, 200mg Tioconazole and 100mg Lidocaine with a 3-day Regime (GynomaxXL®) in the Treatment of Vaginal Infections due to Bacterial Vaginosis, Candidiasis and Mixed Infections. Biomed J Sci Tech Res. 2019;12(5):1-11. DOI:10.26717/BJSTR.2019.12.002327
29. Tavmergen E, Acet F, Taner CE, et al. The Efficacy and Safety of Gynomax® XL Vaginal Ovule in the Treatment of Common Vaginal Infections: A Single-Arm Clinical Trial, Gyno-Türk. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2021;31(4):120-8. DOI:10.5336/jcog.2021-85924
30. Ozyurt E, Toykuliyeva MB, Danilyans IL, et al. Efficacy of 7-day treatment with metronidazole+miconazole (Neo-Penotran)-a triple-active pessary for the treatment of single and mixed vaginal infections. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2001;74(1):35-43. DOI:10.1016/s0020-7292(01)00388-5
31. Волков В.Г., Захарова Т.В. Оптимизация предоперационной подготовки женщин с цервикальными неоплазиями высокой степени. РМЖ. Мать и дитя. 2019;2(3):243-6 [Volkov VG, Zakharova TV. Improving preoperative management of women with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2019;2(3):243-6 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.32364/2618-8430-2019-2-3-243-246
32. Каткова Н.Ю., Гусева О.И., Качалина О.В., и др. Лечение вагинитов при беременности. Акушерство и гинекология. 2020;4:190-4 [Katkova NYu, Guseva OI, Kachalina OV, et al. Treatment of vaginitis during pregnancy. Akusherstvo i Ginekologiya. 2020;4:190-4 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.18565/aig.2020.4.190-194
33. Henderson JT, Neilson W, Wilson AB, Jevons S. Tioconazole in the treatment of vaginal candidiasis. An international clinical research program. Gynakol Rundsch. 1983;23(Suppl. 1):42-60. DOI:10.1159/000269570
34. Исследование «Оценка приверженности терапии гинекологических инфекций». М.: Romir, 2020 [Study “Evaluation of adherence to therapy for gynecological infections”. Moscow: Romir, 2020 (in Russian)].
________________________________________________
1. Dikke GB, Baranov II, Bayramova GR. Bacterial vaginosis: paradox of the XXI century. Akusherstvo i ginekologiya: novosti, mneniya, obuchenie (Obstetrics and Gynecology: News, Opinions, Training). 2021;9(4):52-62 (in Russian). DOI:10.33029/2303-9698-2021-9-4-52
2. Atashili J, Poole C, Ndumbe PM, et al. Bacterial vaginosis and HIV acquisition: a meta-analysis of published studies. AIDS. 2008;22(12):1493-501. DOI:10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283021a37
3. Esber A, Vicetti Miguel RD, Cherpes TL, et al. Risk of Bacterial Vaginosis Among Women With Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Infect Dis. 2015;212:8-17. DOI:10.1093/infdis/jiv017
4. Wiesenfeld HC, Hillier SL, Krohn MA, et al. Bacterial vaginosis is a strong predictor of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2003;36:663-8. DOI:10.1086/367658
5. Borges S, Barbosa J, Teixeira P. Drug Delivery Systems for Vaginal Infections. Frontiers in clinical drug research: anti-infectives. Bentham Science Publishers. 2016;2:2-28. DOI:10.2174/9781681081533116020009
6. Schwebke JR, Muzny CA, Josey WE. Role of Gardnerella vaginalis in the pathogenesis of bacterial vaginosis: a conceptual model. J Infect Dis. 2014;210:338-43 DOI:10.1093/infdis/jiu089
7. Patterson JL, Stull-Lane A, Giererd PH, Jefferson KK. Analysis of adherence, biofilm formation and cytotoxicity suggests a greater virulence potential of Gardnerella vaginalis relative to other bacterial-vaginosis – associated anaerobes. Microbiology. 2010;156(Pt. 2):392-9. DOI:10.1099/mic.0.034280-0
8. Khryanin AA, Knorring GYu. Modern concepts of microbial biofilms. Pharmateca. 2020;6:34-42 (in Russian). DOI:10.18565/pharmateca.2020.6.34-42
9. Khryanin AA, Knorring GY. Modern understanding of bacterial vaginosis. Gynecology. 2021;23(1):37-42 (in Russian). DOI:10.26442/20795696.2021.1.200680
10. Clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases accompanied by pathological discharge from the genital tract of women. Moscow: ROAG, 2015 (in Russian).
11. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Vaginitis in nonpregnant patients: ACOG Practice Bulletin, Number 215. Obstet Gynecol. 2020;135(1):e1-17. DOI:10.1097/AOG.0000000000003604
12. Lazareva NB, Rebrova EV, Ryazanova AYu, Shikh EV. Clinical and pharmacological rationale for principles of therapy for bacterial vaginosis. Vopr. ginekol. akus. perinatol. (Gynecology, Obstetrics and Perinatology). 2021;20(3):134-45 (in Russian). DOI:10.20953/1726-1678-2021-3-134-145
13. Thulkar J, Kriplani A, Agarwal N. A comparative study of oral single dose of metronidazole, tinidazole, secnidazole and ornidazole in bacterial vaginosis. Indian J Pharmacol. 2012;44(2):243-5. DOI:10.4103/0253-7613.93859
14. Dukhanin AS, Semioshina OE. Rational choice of vaginal drug formulation. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2019;2(4):314-20 (in Russian).
DOI:10.32364/2618-8430-2019-2-4-314-320
15. Paul M, Leibovici L. Combination antimicrobial treatment versus monotherapy: the contribution of meta-analyses. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2009;23(2):277-93. DOI:10.1016/j.idc.2009.01.004
16. Vaginal infections outside and during pregnancy. View of a gynecologist, dermatovenerologist and obstetrician. III Congress “Discussion issues of modern obstetrics”. Effective Pharmacotherapy. 2015;36:40-6 (in Russian).
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Авторы
Е.В. Ших, Н.Б. Лазарева*, Т.М. Пономаренко
ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет), Москва, Россия
*atalia.lazareva@gmail.com
ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет), Москва, Россия
*atalia.lazareva@gmail.com
________________________________________________
Evgenia V. Shikh, Natalia B. Lazareva*, Tatyana M. Ponomarenko
Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
*atalia.lazareva@gmail.com
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