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Нейропротективные свойства эстетрола в составе комбинированных оральных контрацептивов
DOI: 10.26442/20795696.2023.2.202052
© ООО «КОНСИЛИУМ МЕДИКУМ», 2023 г.
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Orazov MR, Ermakov VV, Novginov DS. Neuroprotective effects of estetrol in combined oral contraceptives: A review. Gynecology. 2023;25(2):258–261. DOI: 10.26442/20795696.2023.2.202052
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Ключевые слова: эстетрол, гормональная контрацепция, нейропротекция
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One of the most effective contraception methods is combined hormonal contraceptives. According to the current prescribing information, in addition to their primary effect, they have several concomitant positive effects on the female body – non-contraceptive effects. These include a well-predictable and controlled "menstrual cycle" (menstrual-like reaction), anti-androgenic effect, anti-anemic effect due to reduced menstrual blood loss, reducing the severity of dysmenorrhea and premenstrual syndrome, reducing the risk of pelvic inflammatory diseases, ectopic pregnancy, and some benign and malignant tumors of the reproductive system. Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) also have effects on the central nervous system, hypothalamic-pituitary structures that regulate sex hormones, and the psycho-emotional health of women. For a long time, the main estrogen component of COCs remained ethinylestradiol. Although not well-studied, its mechanisms of action on the nervous system are similar, regardless of the progestogen component. However, the effect was not entirely positive: taking contraceptives containing ethinylestradiol can lead to increased emotional lability, anxiety, and depressive disorders. It drives researchers to search for new estrogen without these adverse properties. Such is the long-known but overlooked esthetrol. Numerous studies indicate a pronounced neuroprotective effect of esthetrol, which can increase patients' satisfaction with hormonal contraceptives and their compliance. It also opens up great opportunities for the use of this drug beyond gynecological practice.
Keywords: estetrol, hormonal contraception, neuroprotection
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19. Tskitishvili E, Pequeux C, Munaut C, et al. Estrogen receptors and estetrol-dependent neuroprotective actions: a pilot study. J Endocrinol. 2017;232(1):85-95.
DOI:10.1530/JOE-16-0434
20. Smirnova NF, Fontaine C, Buscato M, et al. The activation function-1 of estrogen receptor alpha prevents arterial neointima development through a direct effect on smooth muscle cells. Circ Res. 2015;117:770-8.
21. Valéra MC, Noirrit-Esclassan E, Dupuis M, et al. Effect of estetrol, a selective nuclear estrogen receptor modulator, in mouse models of arterial and venous thrombosis. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2018;477:132-9. DOI:10.1016/j.mce.2018.06.010
22. Geddings J, Aleman MM, Wolberg A, et al. Strengths and weaknesses of a new mouse model of thrombosis induced by inferior vena cava stenosis: communication from the SSC of the ISTH. J Thromb Haemost. 2014;12:571-3.
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2. Schindler AE. Non-contraceptive benefits of oral hormonal contraceptives. Int J Endocrinol Metab. 2013;11(1):41-7. DOI:10.5812/ijem.4158
3. Singer CF, Bennink HJ, Natter C, et al. Antiestrogenic effects of the fetal estrogen estetrol in women with estrogen-receptor positive early breast cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2014;35(11):2447-51. DOI:10.1093/carcin/bgu144
4. Schmidt M, Lenhard H, Hoenig A, et al. Tumor suppression, dose-limiting toxicity and wellbeing with the fetal estrogen estetrol in patients with advanced breast cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2021;147(6):1833-42. DOI:10.1007/s00432-020-03472-8.
5. Tskitishvili E, Pequeux C, Munaut C, et al. Use of estetrol with other steroids for attenuation of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury: to combine or not to combine? Oncotarget. 2016;7(23):33722-43. DOI:10.18632/oncotarget.9591
6. Smetnik VP, Il'ina EM. Estrogens and bone tissue. Farmateka. 2013;3:8-9 (in Russian).
7. Arevalo MA, Santos-Galindo M, Bellini M, et al. Actions of estrogens on glial cells: implications for neuroprotection. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2010;1800(10):1106-12. DOI:10.1016/j.bbagen.2009
8. Dhandapani KM, Brann DW. Role of astrocytes in estrogen-mediated neuroprotection. Exp Gerontol. 2007;42:70-5. DOI:10.1016/j.exger.2006.06.032
9. Vegeto E, Benedusi V, Maggi A. Estrogen anti-inflammatory activity in brain: a therapeutic opportunity for menopause and neurodegenerative diseases. Front Neuroendocrinol. 2008;29:507-19. DOI:10.1016/j.yfrne.2008.04.001
10. Miñano A, Xifró X, Pérez V, et al. Estradiol facilitates neurite maintenance by a Src/Ras/ERK signalling pathway. Mol Cell Neurosci. 2008;39:143-51. DOI:10.1016/j.mcn.2008.06.001
11. Prokai L, Prokai-Tatrai K, Perje'si P, Simpkins JW. Mechanistic Insights into the Direct Antioxidant Effects of Estrogens. Drug Dev Res. 2006;66(2):118-25. DOI:10.1002/ddr.20050
12. Nilsen J, Brinton RD. Mitochondria as therapeutic targets of estrogen action in the central nervous system. Curr Drug Targets CNS Neurol Disorders. 2004;3:297-313. DOI:10.2174/1568007043337193
13. Nilsen J, Chen S, Irwin RW, et al. Estrogen protects neuronal cells from amyloid beta-induced apoptosis via regulation of mitochondrial proteins and function. BMC Neurosci. 2006:7-74. DOI:10.1186/1471-2202-7-74
14. Nilsen J, Irwin RW, Gallaher TK, Brinton RD. Estradiol in vivo regulation of brain mitochondrial proteome. J Neurosci. 2007;27:14069-77. DOI:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4391-07.2007
15. Brinton RD. The healthy cell bias of estrogen action: mitochondrial bioenergetics and neurological implications. Trends Neurosci. 2008;31(10):529-37. DOI:10.1016/j.tins.2008.07.003
16. Irwin RW, Yao J, Hamilton RT, et al. Progesterone and estrogen regulate oxidative metabolism in brain mitochondria. Endocrinology. 2008;149:3167-75. DOI:10.1210/en.2007-1227
17. Brinton RD. Estrogen regulation of glucose metabolism and mitochondrial function: therapeutic implications for prevention of Alzheimer's disease. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2008;60(13-14):1504-11. DOI:10.1016/j.addr.2008.06.003
18. Wade CB, Dorsa DM. Estrogen activation of cyclic adenosine 5Vmonophosphate response element-mediated transcription requires the extracellularly regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Endocrinology.2003;144(3):832-8. DOI:10.1210/en.2002-220899
19. Tskitishvili E, Pequeux C, Munaut C, et al. Estrogen receptors and estetrol-dependent neuroprotective actions: a pilot study. J Endocrinol. 2017;232(1):85-95.
DOI:10.1530/JOE-16-0434
20. Smirnova NF, Fontaine C, Buscato M, et al. The activation function-1 of estrogen receptor alpha prevents arterial neointima development through a direct effect on smooth muscle cells. Circ Res. 2015;117:770-8.
21. Valéra MC, Noirrit-Esclassan E, Dupuis M, et al. Effect of estetrol, a selective nuclear estrogen receptor modulator, in mouse models of arterial and venous thrombosis. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2018;477:132-9. DOI:10.1016/j.mce.2018.06.010
22. Geddings J, Aleman MM, Wolberg A, et al. Strengths and weaknesses of a new mouse model of thrombosis induced by inferior vena cava stenosis: communication from the SSC of the ISTH. J Thromb Haemost. 2014;12:571-3.
ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов», Москва, Россия
*omekan@mail.ru
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Mekan R. Orazov*, Vasily V. Ermakov, Dmitrii S. Novginov
People’s Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
*omekan@mail.ru