1. United Nations, Department of Economic and Socisl Affairs, population Division Contraceptive Use by Method 2019: Data Booklet. 2019.
2. Медицинские критерии приемлемости контрацепции. ВОЗ, 2015. Режим доступа: http://bono-esse.ru/blizzard/Gyn/Contracep/MEC-merged.pdf. Ссылка активна на 15.01.2023 [World Health Organization. Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use. 3rd ed. Geneva: WHO, 2015. Available at: http://bono-esse.ru/blizzard/Gyn/Contracep/MEC-merged.pdf. Accessed: 15.01.2023 (in Russian)].
3. Прилепская В.Н., Межевитинова Е.А., Назарова Н.М., и др. Новые национальные медицинские критерии приемлемости методов контрацепции (2022): вклад в охрану репродуктивного здоровья женщин. Акушерство и гинекология. 2022;10(4):53-60 [Prilepskaia VN, Mezhevitinova EA, Nazarova NM, et al. Novye natsional'nye meditsinskie kriterii priemlemosti metodov kontratseptsii (2022): vklad v okhranu reproduktivnogo zdorov'ia zhenshchin. Akusherstvo i ginekologiia. 2022;10(4):53-60 (in Russian)]. 
4. Российское общество акушеров-гинекологов; Российское общество по контрацепции. Национальные критерии приемлемости контрацепции 2023 [Rossijskoe obshchestvo akusherov-ginekologov; Rossijskoe obshchestvo po kontracepcii. Nacional'nye kriterii priemlemosti kontracepcii 2023 (in Russian)].
5. Pymar HC, Creinin MD. The risks of oral contraceptive pills. Semin Reprod Med. 2001;19(4):305-12.
6. Stegeman BH, de Bastos M, Rosendaal FR, et al. Different combined oral contraceptives and the risk of venous thrombosis: systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMJ. 2013;347:f5298. DOI:10.1136/bmj.f5298
7. Lidegaard Ø, Løkkegaard E, Svendsen AL, Agger C. Hormonal contraception and risk of venous thromboembolism: national follow-up study. BMJ. 2009;339:b2890. DOI:10.1136/bmj.b2890
8. Dinger J, Minh TD, Moehner S, et al. The risk of venous thromboembolism in OC users: time patterns after initiation of treatment. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2010;19(S1):S214-5. 
9. Dinger JC, Heinemann LA, Kühl-Habich D. The safety of a drospirenone containing oral contraceptive: final results from the European Active Surveillance Study on oral contraceptives based on 142,475 women-years of observation. Contraception. 2007;75(5):344-54. DOI:10.1016/j.contraception.2006.12.019
10. Fruzzetti F, Fidecicchi T, Montt Guevara MM, Simoncini T. Estetrol: A New Choice for Contraception. J Clin Med. 2021;10(23):5625. DOI:10.3390/jcm10235625
11. Farris M, Bastianelli C, Rosato E, et al. Pharmacodynamics of combined estrogen-progestin oral contraceptives: 2. effects on hemostasis. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2017;10(10):1129-44. DOI:10.1080/17512433.2017.1356718
12. Kluft C, Zimmerman Y, Mawet M, et al. Reduced hemostatic effects with drospirenone-based oral contraceptives containing estetrol vs. ethinyl estradiol. Contraception. 2017;95(2):140-7.
13. Orsini G, Laricchia L, Fanelli M. Low-dose combination oral contraceptives use in women with uterine leiomyomas. Minerva Ginecol. 2002;54(3):253-61.
14. Greydanus D, Patel D, Rimsza M. Contraception in the Adolescent: An update. Pediatrics. 2001;107(3):156-68.
15. Dinger J, Bardenheuer K, Heinemann K. Cardiovascular and general safety of a 24-day regimen of drospirenone-containing combined oral contraceptives: final results from the International Active Surveillance Study of Women Taking Oral Contraceptives. Сontraception. 2014;89(4):253-63.
16. Campbell B. Thrombosis, phlebitis and varicose veins. BMJ. 1996;312(7025):198-9.
17. Tepper NK, Marchbanks PA, Curtis KM. Superficial venous disease and combined hormonal contraceptives: a systematic review. Contraception. 2016;94(3):275-9. DOI:10.1016/j.contraception.2015.03.010
18. Jukkola TM, Makivaara LA, Luukkaala T, et al. The effects of parity, oral contraceptive use and hormonal replacement therapy on the incidence of varicose veins. J Obstet Gynecol. 2006;26(5):448-51.
19. Zhang L, Zetter MA, Guerra EC, et al. ACE2 in the second act of COVID-19 syndrome: peptide dysregulation and possible correction with oestrogen. J Neuroendocrinol. 2021;33(2):e12935.
20. Макацария А.Д., Слуханчук Е.В., Бицадзе В.О., и др. COVID-19, нарушения гемостаза и риск тромботических осложнений. Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук. 2020;75(4):306-17 [Makatsariya AD, Slukhanchuk EV, Bitsadze VO, et al. COVID-19, hemostasis disorders and risk of thrombotic complications. Annals of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. 2020;75(4):306-17 (in Russian)].
21. Cagnacci A, Londero AP, Xhoili A. COVID-19 and hormonal contraception. Case Rep Womens Health. 2022;34:e00389.
22. Iversen L, Sivasubramaniam S, Lee AJ, et al. Lifetime cancer risk and combined oral contraceptives: the Royal College of General Practitioners’Oral Contraception Study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017;216(6):580.e1-9. DOI:10.1016/j.ajog.2017.02.002
23. Collaborative Group on Epidemiological Studies of Ovarian Cancer; Beral V, Doll R, Hermon C, et al. Ovarian cancer and oral contraceptives: collaborative reanalysis of data from 45 epidemiological studies including 23,257 women with ovarian cancer and 87,303 controls. Lancet. 2008;371(9609):303-14.
24. Hannaford PC, Selvaraj S, Elliott AM, et al. Cancer risk among users of oral contraceptives: cohort data from the Royal College of General Practitioner’s oral contraception study. BMJ. 2007;335(7621):651.
25. Vessey M, Painter R. Oral contraceptive use and cancer. Findings in a large cohort study, 1968–2004. Br J Cancer. 2006;95(3):385-9. 
26. Bosetti C, Bravi F, Negri E, La Vecchia C. Oral contraceptives and colorectal cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update. 2009;15(5):489-98.
27. Fernandez E, La Vecchia C, Balducci A, et al. Oral contraceptives and colorectal cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Br J Cancer. 2001;84(5):722-7.
28. Ursin G, Peters RK, Henderson BE, et al. Oral contraceptive use and adenocarcinoma of cervix. Lancet. 1994;344(8934):1390-4.
29. Folger SG, Marchbanks PA, McDonald JA, et al. Risk of breast cancer associated with short-term use of oral contraceptives. Cancer Causes Control. 2007;18(2):189-98.
30. Zhu H, Lei X, Feng J, Wang Y. Oral contraceptive use and risk of breast cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2012;17(6):402-14. DOI:10.3109/13625187.2012.715357
31. Iodice S, Barile M, Rotmensz N, et al. Oral contraceptive use and breast or ovarian cancer risk in BRCA1/2 carriers: a meta-analysis. Eur J Cancer. 2010;46(12):2275-84. DOI:10.1016/j.ejca.2010.04.018
32. Park J, Huang D, Chang YJ, et al. Oral contraceptives and risk of breast cancer and ovarian cancer in women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Carcinogenesis. 2022;43(3):231-42.
33. Kanadys W, Baranska A, Malm V, et al. Use of Oral Contraceptives as a Potential Risk Factor for Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies Up to 2010. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(9):4638.
34. Anastasiou E, McCarthy KJ, Gollub EL, et al. The relationship between hormonal contraception and cervical dysplasia/cancer controlling for human papillomavirus infection: A systematic review. Contraception. 2022;107:1-9.
35. Lech MM, Ostrowska L. Risk of cancer development in relation to oral contraception. Eur J Contrasept Reprod Health Care. 2006;11(3):162-8.
36. Moroni RM, Martins WP, Dias SV, et al. Combined oral contraceptive for treatment of women with uterine fibroids and abnormal uterine bleeding: a systematic review. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 2015;79(3):145-52.
37. Burkman RT. Oral Contraceptives: Current Status. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2001:44(1):62-72.
38. Orsini G, Laricchia L, Fanelli M. Low-dose combination oral contraceptive use in women with uterine leiomyomas. Minerva Ginecol. 2002;54(3):253-61.
39. De La Cruz MS, Buchanan EM. Uterine fibroids: diagnosis and treatment. Am Fam Physician. 2017;95(2):100-7.
40. Mas A, Tarazona M, Dasí Carrasco J, et al. Updated approaches for management of uterine fibroids. Int J W Helth. 2017;9:607-17. DOI:10.2147/IJWH.S138982
41. Mansour D, Gemzell-Danielsson K, Inki P, et al. Fertility after discontinuation of contraception: a comprehensive review of the literature. Contraception. 2011;84(5):465-77.
42. Barnhart K, Mirkin S, Grubb G, Constantine G. Return to fertility after cessation of a continuous oral contraceptive. Fertil Steril. 2009;91(5):1654-6. DOI:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.02.122
43. Cronin M, Schellschmidt I, Dinger J. Rate of pregnancy after using drospirenone and other progestincontaining oral contraceptives. Obstet Gynecol. 2009;114(3):616-22. DOI:10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181b46f54
44. Harlap et al. Family planning from Encyclopedia of Sociology, 1991.
45. Mikkelsen EM, Riis AH, Wise LA, et al. Pre-gravid oral contraceptive use and time to pregnancy: a Danish prospective cohort study. Hum Reprod. 2013;28(5):1398-405.
46. Cronin M, Schellschmidt I, Dinger J. Rate of pregnancy after using drospirenone and other progestin-containing oral contraceptives. Obstet Gynecol. 2009;114(3):616-22.
47. Farrow A, Hull MGR, Northstone K, et al. Prolonged use of oral contraception before a planned pregnancy is associated with a decreased risk of delayed conception. Hum Reprod. 2002;17(10):2754-61.
48. Wiegratz I, Mittmann K, Dietrich H, et al. Fertility after discontinuation of treatment with an oral contraceptive containing 30 microg of ethinyl estradiol and 2 mg of dienogest. Fertil Steril. 2006;85(6):1812-9.
49. Shulman LP, Westhoff CL. Return to fertility after use of reversible contraception. Dialogues in Contraception. 2006;10:1-3.
50. Vogt C, Schaefer M. Disparities in knowledge and interest about benefits and risks of combined oral contraceptives. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2011;16(3):183-93. DOI:10.3109/13625187.2011.561938
51. Ford JH, MacCormac L. Pregnancy and lifestyle study: the long-term use of the contraceptive pill and the risk of age-related miscarriage. Hum Reprod. 1995;10(6):1397-402. DOI:10.1093/humrep/10.6.1397
52. Farrow A, Hull MGR, Northstone K, et al. Prolonged use of oral contraception before a planned pregnancy is associated with a decreased risk of delayed conception. Hum Reprod. 2002;17(10):2754-61. DOI:10.1093/humrep/17.10.2754
53. Burkman R, Schlesselman JJ, Zieman M. Safety concerns and health benefits associated with oral contraception. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004;190(Suppl. 4):S5-22. DOI:10.1016/j.ajog.2004.01.061
54. Girum T, Wasie A. Return of fertility after discontinuation of contraception: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Contracept Reprod Med. 2018;3:9. DOI:10.1186/s40834-018-0064-y
55. Gallo MF, Lopez LM, Grimes DA, et al. Combination contraceptives: effects on weight. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;1:CD003987.

________________________________________________

1. United Nations, Department of Economic and Socisl Affairs, population Division Contraceptive Use by Method 2019: Data Booklet. 2019.
2. World Health Organization. Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use. 3rd ed. Geneva: WHO, 2015. Available at: http://bono-esse.ru/blizzard/Gyn/Contracep/MEC-merged.pdf. Accessed: 15.01.2023 (in Russian).
3. Prilepskaia VN, Mezhevitinova EA, Nazarova NM, et al. Novye natsional'nye meditsinskie kriterii priemlemosti metodov kontratseptsii (2022): vklad v okhranu reproduktivnogo zdorov'ia zhenshchin. Akusherstvo i ginekologiia. 2022;10(4):53-60 (in Russian). 
4. Rossijskoe obshchestvo akusherov-ginekologov; Rossijskoe obshchestvo po kontracepcii. Nacional'nye kriterii priemlemosti kontracepcii 2023 (in Russian).
5. Pymar HC, Creinin MD. The risks of oral contraceptive pills. Semin Reprod Med. 2001;19(4):305-12.
6. Stegeman BH, de Bastos M, Rosendaal FR, et al. Different combined oral contraceptives and the risk of venous thrombosis: systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMJ. 2013;347:f5298. DOI:10.1136/bmj.f5298
7. Lidegaard Ø, Løkkegaard E, Svendsen AL, Agger C. Hormonal contraception and risk of venous thromboembolism: national follow-up study. BMJ. 2009;339:b2890. DOI:10.1136/bmj.b2890
8. Dinger J, Minh TD, Moehner S, et al. The risk of venous thromboembolism in OC users: time patterns after initiation of treatment. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2010;19(S1):S214-5. 
9. Dinger JC, Heinemann LA, Kühl-Habich D. The safety of a drospirenone containing oral contraceptive: final results from the European Active Surveillance Study on oral contraceptives based on 142,475 women-years of observation. Contraception. 2007;75(5):344-54. DOI:10.1016/j.contraception.2006.12.019
10. Fruzzetti F, Fidecicchi T, Montt Guevara MM, Simoncini T. Estetrol: A New Choice for Contraception. J Clin Med. 2021;10(23):5625. DOI:10.3390/jcm10235625
11. Farris M, Bastianelli C, Rosato E, et al. Pharmacodynamics of combined estrogen-progestin oral contraceptives: 2. effects on hemostasis. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2017;10(10):1129-44. DOI:10.1080/17512433.2017.1356718
12. Kluft C, Zimmerman Y, Mawet M, et al. Reduced hemostatic effects with drospirenone-based oral contraceptives containing estetrol vs. ethinyl estradiol. Contraception. 2017;95(2):140-7.
13. Orsini G, Laricchia L, Fanelli M. Low-dose combination oral contraceptives use in women with uterine leiomyomas. Minerva Ginecol. 2002;54(3):253-61.
14. Greydanus D, Patel D, Rimsza M. Contraception in the Adolescent: An update. Pediatrics. 2001;107(3):156-68.
15. Dinger J, Bardenheuer K, Heinemann K. Cardiovascular and general safety of a 24-day regimen of drospirenone-containing combined oral contraceptives: final results from the International Active Surveillance Study of Women Taking Oral Contraceptives. Сontraception. 2014;89(4):253-63.
16. Campbell B. Thrombosis, phlebitis and varicose veins. BMJ. 1996;312(7025):198-9.
17. Tepper NK, Marchbanks PA, Curtis KM. Superficial venous disease and combined hormonal contraceptives: a systematic review. Contraception. 2016;94(3):275-9. DOI:10.1016/j.contraception.2015.03.010
18. Jukkola TM, Makivaara LA, Luukkaala T, et al. The effects of parity, oral contraceptive use and hormonal replacement therapy on the incidence of varicose veins. J Obstet Gynecol. 2006;26(5):448-51.
19. Zhang L, Zetter MA, Guerra EC, et al. ACE2 in the second act of COVID-19 syndrome: peptide dysregulation and possible correction with oestrogen. J Neuroendocrinol. 2021;33(2):e12935.
20. Makatsariya AD, Slukhanchuk EV, Bitsadze VO, et al. COVID-19, hemostasis disorders and risk of thrombotic complications. Annals of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. 2020;75(4):306-17 (in Russian).
21. Cagnacci A, Londero AP, Xhoili A. COVID-19 and hormonal contraception. Case Rep Womens Health. 2022;34:e00389.
22. Iversen L, Sivasubramaniam S, Lee AJ, et al. Lifetime cancer risk and combined oral contraceptives: the Royal College of General Practitioners’Oral Contraception Study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017;216(6):580.e1-9. DOI:10.1016/j.ajog.2017.02.002
23. Collaborative Group on Epidemiological Studies of Ovarian Cancer; Beral V, Doll R, Hermon C, et al. Ovarian cancer and oral contraceptives: collaborative reanalysis of data from 45 epidemiological studies including 23,257 women with ovarian cancer and 87,303 controls. Lancet. 2008;371(9609):303-14.
24. Hannaford PC, Selvaraj S, Elliott AM, et al. Cancer risk among users of oral contraceptives: cohort data from the Royal College of General Practitioner’s oral contraception study. BMJ. 2007;335(7621):651.
25. Vessey M, Painter R. Oral contraceptive use and cancer. Findings in a large cohort study, 1968–2004. Br J Cancer. 2006;95(3):385-9. 
26. Bosetti C, Bravi F, Negri E, La Vecchia C. Oral contraceptives and colorectal cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update. 2009;15(5):489-98.
27. Fernandez E, La Vecchia C, Balducci A, et al. Oral contraceptives and colorectal cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Br J Cancer. 2001;84(5):722-7.
28. Ursin G, Peters RK, Henderson BE, et al. Oral contraceptive use and adenocarcinoma of cervix. Lancet. 1994;344(8934):1390-4.
29. Folger SG, Marchbanks PA, McDonald JA, et al. Risk of breast cancer associated with short-term use of oral contraceptives. Cancer Causes Control. 2007;18(2):189-98.
30. Zhu H, Lei X, Feng J, Wang Y. Oral contraceptive use and risk of breast cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2012;17(6):402-14. DOI:10.3109/13625187.2012.715357
31. Iodice S, Barile M, Rotmensz N, et al. Oral contraceptive use and breast or ovarian cancer risk in BRCA1/2 carriers: a meta-analysis. Eur J Cancer. 2010;46(12):2275-84. DOI:10.1016/j.ejca.2010.04.018
32. Park J, Huang D, Chang YJ, et al. Oral contraceptives and risk of breast cancer and ovarian cancer in women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Carcinogenesis. 2022;43(3):231-42.
33. Kanadys W, Baranska A, Malm V, et al. Use of Oral Contraceptives as a Potential Risk Factor for Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies Up to 2010. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(9):4638.
34. Anastasiou E, McCarthy KJ, Gollub EL, et al. The relationship between hormonal contraception and cervical dysplasia/cancer controlling for human papillomavirus infection: A systematic review. Contraception. 2022;107:1-9.
35. Lech MM, Ostrowska L. Risk of cancer development in relation to oral contraception. Eur J Contrasept Reprod Health Care. 2006;11(3):162-8.
36. Moroni RM, Martins WP, Dias SV, et al. Combined oral contraceptive for treatment of women with uterine fibroids and abnormal uterine bleeding: a systematic review. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 2015;79(3):145-52.
37. Burkman RT. Oral Contraceptives: Current Status. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2001:44(1):62-72.
38. Orsini G, Laricchia L, Fanelli M. Low-dose combination oral contraceptive use in women with uterine leiomyomas. Minerva Ginecol. 2002;54(3):253-61.
39. De La Cruz MS, Buchanan EM. Uterine fibroids: diagnosis and treatment. Am Fam Physician. 2017;95(2):100-7.
40. Mas A, Tarazona M, Dasí Carrasco J, et al. Updated approaches for management of uterine fibroids. Int J W Helth. 2017;9:607-17. DOI:10.2147/IJWH.S138982
41. Mansour D, Gemzell-Danielsson K, Inki P, et al. Fertility after discontinuation of contraception: a comprehensive review of the literature. Contraception. 2011;84(5):465-77.
42. Barnhart K, Mirkin S, Grubb G, Constantine G. Return to fertility after cessation of a continuous oral contraceptive. Fertil Steril. 2009;91(5):1654-6. DOI:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.02.122
43. Cronin M, Schellschmidt I, Dinger J. Rate of pregnancy after using drospirenone and other progestincontaining oral contraceptives. Obstet Gynecol. 2009;114(3):616-22. DOI:10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181b46f54
44. Harlap et al. Family planning from Encyclopedia of Sociology, 1991.
45. Mikkelsen EM, Riis AH, Wise LA, et al. Pre-gravid oral contraceptive use and time to pregnancy: a Danish prospective cohort study. Hum Reprod. 2013;28(5):1398-405.
46. Cronin M, Schellschmidt I, Dinger J. Rate of pregnancy after using drospirenone and other progestin-containing oral contraceptives. Obstet Gynecol. 2009;114(3):616-22.
47. Farrow A, Hull MGR, Northstone K, et al. Prolonged use of oral contraception before a planned pregnancy is associated with a decreased risk of delayed conception. Hum Reprod. 2002;17(10):2754-61.
48. Wiegratz I, Mittmann K, Dietrich H, et al. Fertility after discontinuation of treatment with an oral contraceptive containing 30 microg of ethinyl estradiol and 2 mg of dienogest. Fertil Steril. 2006;85(6):1812-9.
49. Shulman LP, Westhoff CL. Return to fertility after use of reversible contraception. Dialogues in Contraception. 2006;10:1-3.
50. Vogt C, Schaefer M. Disparities in knowledge and interest about benefits and risks of combined oral contraceptives. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2011;16(3):183-93. DOI:10.3109/13625187.2011.561938
51. Ford JH, MacCormac L. Pregnancy and lifestyle study: the long-term use of the contraceptive pill and the risk of age-related miscarriage. Hum Reprod. 1995;10(6):1397-402. DOI:10.1093/humrep/10.6.1397
52. Farrow A, Hull MGR, Northstone K, et al. Prolonged use of oral contraception before a planned pregnancy is associated with a decreased risk of delayed conception. Hum Reprod. 2002;17(10):2754-61. DOI:10.1093/humrep/17.10.2754
53. Burkman R, Schlesselman JJ, Zieman M. Safety concerns and health benefits associated with oral contraception. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004;190(Suppl. 4):S5-22. DOI:10.1016/j.ajog.2004.01.061
54. Girum T, Wasie A. Return of fertility after discontinuation of contraception: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Contracept Reprod Med. 2018;3:9. DOI:10.1186/s40834-018-0064-y
55. Gallo MF, Lopez LM, Grimes DA, et al. Combination contraceptives: effects on weight. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;1:CD003987.

В.Н. Прилепская, Л.Л. Бостанджян*

ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии имени академика В.И. Кулакова» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия
*lana-bos@mail.ru

________________________________________________

Vera N. Prilepskaya, Lana L. Bostandzhian*

Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, Russia 
*lana-bos@mail.ru