Orazov MR, RadzinskiyVE, Dolgov ED. Prospects for hormonal contraception in patients with breast diseases: the Mona Lisa smile effect. A review. Gynecology. 2023;25(3):290–300. DOI: 10.26442/20795696.2023.3.202360
Перспективы гормональной контрацепции у пациенток с заболеваниями молочной железы: эффект улыбки Моны Лизы
Оразов М.Р., Радзинский В.Е., Долгов Е.Д. Перспективы гормональной контрацепции у пациенток с заболеваниями молочной железы: эффект улыбки Моны Лизы. Гинекология. 2023;25(3):290–300.
DOI: 10.26442/20795696.2023.3.202360
Orazov MR, RadzinskiyVE, Dolgov ED. Prospects for hormonal contraception in patients with breast diseases: the Mona Lisa smile effect. A review. Gynecology. 2023;25(3):290–300. DOI: 10.26442/20795696.2023.3.202360
Одним из самых актуальных вопросов современной репродуктивной медицины являются заболевания молочной железы (МЖ). Данный орган является неотъемлемой частью женской репродуктивной системы и подвергается циклическим изменениям в ходе менструального цикла. Современное «нозологическое трио» МЖ представлено мастодинией, доброкачественной дисплазией и раком МЖ. Данные болезни имеют крайне высокую распространенность, а рак МЖ в свою очередь стоит на 1-м месте в структуре смертности от злокачественных новообразований органов женской репродуктивной системы. Все эти аспекты актуализируют проведение научных исследований в сфере изучения ключевых патогенетических механизмов данных нозологий. Однако одной из самых интересных тем на повестке современной гинекологии являются особенности консультирования по подбору методов контрацепции у данных пациенток. В этой связи необходимо осветить вопрос безопасности методов гормональной контрацепции и разобрать инновации в области гормональных контрацептивов, которые могут обладать рядом протективных и риск-редуцирующих свойств в отношении заболеваний МЖ.
Breast diseases (BD) are among the most urgent issues of modern reproductive medicine. This organ is an integral part of the female reproductive system and undergoes cyclic changes during the menstrual cycle. The modern "nosological trio" of BD is mastodynia, benign dysplasia, and breast cancer. These diseases have an extremely high prevalence, and breast cancer, in turn, ranks 1st in the structure of mortality from malignant neoplasms of the female reproductive system. All these aspects warrant the research of the key pathogenetic mechanisms of these conditions. However, one of the most relevant topics in modern gynecology is the counseling on the selection of contraceptive methods in these patients. Therefore, it is necessary to address the safety of hormonal contraceptive methods and to analyze innovations in hormonal contraceptives, which may have several protective and risk-reducing properties for BD.
1. Павлова Е.А., Аракелов С.Э., Ордиянц И.М., и др. Современные представления о доброкачественных дисплазиях молочных желез и их связи с гинекологическими заболеваниями. Вестник РУДН, серия Медицина. 2012;5:487-93 [Pavlova EA, Arakelov SE, Ordiyants IM. Modern representations of benign mammary dysplasias and their connection with gynecological diseases. Vestnik RUDN, seriia Meditsina. 2012;5:487-93 (in Russian)].
2. Каприн А.Д. Мастопатии. Под ред. Каприна А.Д., Рожковой Н.И. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2019 [Kaprin AD. Mastopatii. Pod red. Kaprina AD, Rozhkovoi NI. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media, 2019 (in Russian)].
3. Хуцишвили О.С., Иванова О.Ю., Лунева И.С., Ангалева Е.Н. Анализ факторов риска рака молочной железы у женщин раннего репродуктивного возраста. Женское здоровье и репродукция. 2018;10(29) [Khutsishvili OS, Ivanova OIu, Luneva IS, Angaleva EN. Analiz faktorov riska raka molochnoi zhelezy u zhenshchin rannego reproduktivnogo vozrasta. Zhenskoe zdorov'e i reproduktsiia. 2018;10(29) (in Russian)].
4. Кулагина Н.В., Одинцов В.А. Мастодиния: патогенез, диагностика, лечение. Акушерство и гинекология. 2022;6:33-9 [Kulagina NV, Odintsov VA. Mastodynia: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. Akusherstvo i ginekologiia. 2022;6:33-9 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.18565/aig.2022.6.33-39
5. Grullon S, Bechmann S. Mastodynia. StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, 2022, 2023.
6. Razik MA, Alsubaie AM, Alsetri HM, et al. Clinical and histopathological features of breast tumors in women: a cross-sectional study at three hospitals in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Pan Afr Med J. 2021;39:267. DOI:10.11604/pamj.2021.39.267.30341
7. Нурманова А., Султанова З.И., Аннаоразов Ы.А. Факторы и их роль в заболеваемости, смертности, выживаемости при раке молочной железы. Вестник КазНМУ. 2018;1:112-4 [Nurmanova A, Sultanova ZI, Anaorazov YA. Factors and their role in morbidity, mortality, survival in mammary cancer. Vestnik KazNMU. 2018;1:112-4 (in Russian)].
8. Морозов С.П., Ветшева Н.Н., Диденко В.В., и др. Организация программы популяционного скрининга злокачественных новообразований молочной железы среди женского населения: методические рекомендации. Серия «Лучшие практики лучевой и инструментальной диагностики». Вып. 55. М.: ГБУЗ «НПКЦ ДиТ ДЗМ», 2020 [Morozov SP, Vetsheva NN, Didenko VV, et al. Organizatsiia programmy populiatsionnogo skrininga zlokachestvennykh novoobrazovanii molochnoi zhelezy sredi zhenskogo naseleniia: metodicheskie rekomendatsii. Seriia «Luchshie praktiki luchevoi i instrumental'noi diagnostiki». Vyp. 55. Moscow: GBUZ «NPKTs DiT DZM», 2020 (in Russian)].
9. Довжикова И.В., Андриевская И.А. Рецепторы эстрогенов (обзор литературы). Часть 1. Бюллетень физиологии и патологии дыхания. 2019;72:120-7 [Dovzhikova IV, Andrievskaya IA. Estrogen receptors (review). Part 1. Bulletin Physiology and Pathology of Respiration. 2019;72:120-7 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.12737/artide_5d0ad2e5d54867.15780111
10. Рассказова Е.А., Рожкова Н.И. Скрининг для ранней диагностики рака молочной железы. Research and Practical Medicine Journal. 2014;1(1):45-51 [Rasskazova EA, Rozhkov NI. Screening for early detection of breast cancer. Research and Practical Medicine Journal. 2014;1(1):45-51 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.17709/2409-2231-2014-1-1-45-51
11. Рожкова Н.И., Сотников А.А., Сотникова Л.С., Овсянникова Т.В. Молочная железа. Не оставлять без внимания. Доброкачественная дисплазия молочной железы: современные представления. Под ред. В.Е. Радзинского. М.: Редакция журнала StatusPraesens, 2019 [Rozhkova NI, Sotnikov AA, Sotnikova LS, Ovsiannikova TV. Molochnaia zheleza. Ne ostavliat' bez vnimaniia. Dobrokachestvennaia displaziia molochnoi zhelezy: sovremennye predstavleniia. Pod red. VE Radzinskogo. Moscow: Redaktsiia zhurnala StatusPraesens, 2019 (in Russian)].
12. Захурдаева Л.Д. Эстрогены: биологические и фармакологические эффекты. Медицинские аспекты здоровья женщины. 2010;8(37):41-5 [Zakhurdaeva LD. Estrogeny: biologicheskie i farmakologicheskie effekty. Meditsinskie aspekty zdorov'ia zhenshchiny. 2010;8(37):41-5 (in Russian)].
13. Радзинский В., Хамошина М., Раевская О., и др. Очерки эндокринной гинекологии. От синдрома к диагнозу и выбору терапии. М.: Медиабюро Статус презенс, 2020 [Radzinskii V, Khamoshina M, Raevskaia O, et al. Ocherki endokrinnoi ginekologii. Ot sindroma k diagnozu i vyboru terapii. Moscow: Mediabiuro Status prezens, 2020 (in Russian)].
14. Bonfiglio R, Di Pietro ML. The impact of oral contraceptive use on breast cancer risk: state of the art and future perspectives in the era of 4P medicine. Semin Cancer Biol. 2021;72:11-8. DOI:10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.10.008
15. Saha T, Makar S, Swetha R, et al. Estrogen signaling: An emanating therapeutic target for breast cancer treatment. Eur J Med Chem. 2019;177:116-43. DOI:10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.05.023
16. Hewitt SC, Korach KS. Estrogen receptors: new directions in the new millennium. Endocr Rev. 2018;39(5):664-75. DOI:10.1210/er.2018-00087
17. Helsen C, Kerkhofs S, Clinckemalie L, et al. Structural basis for nuclear hormone receptor DNA binding. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2012;348(2):411-7. DOI:10.1016/j.mce.2011.07.025
18. Hah N, Kraus WL. Hormone-regulated transcriptomes: lessons learned from estrogen signaling pathways in breast cancer cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2014;382(1):652-64. DOI:10.1016/j.mce.2013.06.021
19. Gallez A, Dias Da Silva I, Wuidar V, et al. Estetrol and Mammary Gland: Friends or Foes? J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 2021;26(3):297-308. DOI:10.1007/s10911-021-09497-0
20. Girgert R, Emons G, Gründker C. Estrogen signaling in ERα-negative breast cancer: ERβ and GPER. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2019;9:781. DOI:10.3389/fendo.2018.00781
21. Honma N, Horii R, Iwase T, et al. Clinical importance of estrogen receptor-beta evaluation in breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant tamoxifen therapy. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26(22):3727-34. DOI:10.1200/JCO.2007.14.2968
22. Milioli HH, Alexandrou S, Lim E, Caldon CE. Cyclin E1 and cyclin E2 in ER+ breast cancer: prospects as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2020;27(5):R93-112. DOI:10.1530/ERC-19-0501
23. Клинические рекомендации «Доброкачественная дисплазия молочной железы». Утверждены Минздравом РФ, 2020 [Klinicheskie rekomendatsii «Dobrokachestvennaia displaziia molochnoi zhelezy». Utverzhdeny Minzdravom RF, 2020 (in Russian)].
24. Национальные медицинские критерии приемлемости методов контрацепции, 2022 [Natsional'nye meditsinskie kriterii priemlemosti metodov kontratseptsii, 2022 (in Russian)].
25. Alipour S, Eskandari A. Prescribing oral contraceptives in women with breast diseases: a matter of concern for the gynecologist. Arch Breast Can. 2019;6(2):55-66. DOI:10.32768/abc.20196255-66
26. Kumar N, Prasad J. Epidemiology of benign breast lumps, is it changing: a prospective study. Int Surg J. 2019;6(2):465-9. DOI:10.18203/2349-2902.isj20190089
27. Silver DP, Livingston DM. Mechanisms of BRCA1 tumor suppression. Cancer Discov. 2012;2(8):679-84. DOI:10.1158/2159-8290.CD-12-0221
28. Высоцкая И.В., Летягин В.П., Воротников И.К., и др. Пероральные контрацептивы и менопаузальная гормональная терапия как категории риска рака молочной железы. Опухоли женской репродуктивной системы. 2019;15(2):42-51 [Vуsotskaya IV, Letyagin VP, Vorotnikov IK, et al. Oral contraceptives and menopausal hormone therapy as breast cancer risk categories. Tumors of female reproductive system. 2019;15(2):42-51 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.17650/1994-4098-2019-15-2-42-51
29. Armstrong N, Ryder S, Forbes C, et al. A systematic review of the international prevalence of BRCA mutation in breast cancer. Clin Epidemiol. 2019;11:543-61. DOI:10.2147/CLEP.S206949
30. Huber D, Seitz S, Kast K, et al. Use of oral contraceptives in BRCA mutation carriers and risk for ovarian and breast cancer: a systematic review. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2020;301(4):875-84. DOI:10.1007/s00404-020-05458-w
31. Barańska A, Błaszczuk A, Kanadys W, et al. Oral Contraceptive Use and Breast Cancer Risk Assessment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies, 2009–2020. Cancers (Basel). 2021;13(22):5654. DOI:10.3390/cancers13225654
32. Iodice S, Barile M, Rotmensz N, et al. Oral contraceptive use and breast or ovarian cancer risk in BRCA1/2 carriers: a meta-analysis. Eur J Cancer. 2010;46(12):2275-84. DOI:10.1016/j.ejca.2010.04.018
33. Kanadys W, Barańska A, Malm M, et al. Use of oral contraceptives as a potential risk factor for breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies up to 2010. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(9):4638. DOI:10.3390/ijerph18094638
34. Coelingh Bennink F, Holinka CF, Visser M, Coelingh Bennink HJT. Maternal and fetal estetrol levels during pregnancy. Climacteric. 2008;11(Suppl. 1):69-72. DOI:10.1080/13697130802056321
35. Fruzzetti F, Fidecicchi T, Montt Guevara MM, Simoncini T. Estetrol: A New Choice for Contraception. J Clin Med. 2021;10(23):5625. DOI:10.3390/jcm10235625
36. Gérard C, Arnal JF, Jost M, et al. Profile of estetrol, a promising native estrogen for oral contraception and the relief of climacteric symptoms of menopause. Exp Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2022;15(2):121-37. DOI:10.1080/17512433.2022.2054413
37. Cheng ZN, Shu Y, Liu ZQ, et al. Role of cytochrome P450 in estradiol metabolism in vitro. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2001;22(2):148-54.
38. Visser M, Foidart JM, Coelingh Bennink HJT. In vitro effects of estetrol on receptor binding, drug targets and human liver cell metabolism. Climacteric. 2008;11(Suppl. 1):64-8. DOI:10.1080/13697130802050340
39. Gérard C, Blacher S, Communal L, et al. Estetrol is a weak estrogen antagonizing estradiol-dependent mammary gland proliferation. J Endocrinol. 2015;224(1):85-95. DOI:10.1530/JOE-14-0549
40. Yue W, Verhoeven C, Bernnink HC, et al. Pro-apoptotic effects of estetrol on long-term estrogen-deprived breast cancer cells and at low doses on hormone-sensitive cells. Breast Cancer (Auckl). 2019;13:1178223419844198. DOI:10.1177/1178223419844198
41. Татарчук Т.Ф., Ефименко О.А. К вопросу о профилактике патологии молочных желез. Reproductive Endocrinology. 2012;8:10-6 [Tatarchuk TF, Efimenko OA. K voprosu o profilaktike patologii molochnykh zhelez. Reproductive Endocrinology. 2012;8:10-6 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.18370/2309-4117.2012.8.10-16
42. Plu-Bureau G, Thalabard JC, Sitruk-Ware R, et al. Cyclical mastalgia as a marker of breast cancer susceptibility: results of a case-control study among French women. Br J Cancer. 1992;65(6):945-9. DOI:10.1038/bjc.1992.198
43. Chen MJ, Jensen JT, Kaunitz AM, et al. Tolerability and safety of the estetrol/drospirenone combined oral contraceptive: Pooled analysis of two multicenter, open-label phase 3 trials. Contraception. 2022;116:44-50. DOI:10.1016/j.contraception.2022.10.004
44. Tan JKL, Ediriweera C. Efficacy and safety of combined ethinyl estradiol/drospirenone oral contraceptives in the treatment of acne. Int J Womens Health. 2010;1:213-21. DOI:10.2147/ijwh.s3916
________________________________________________
1. Pavlova EA, Arakelov SE, Ordiyants IM. Modern representations of benign mammary dysplasias and their connection with gynecological diseases. Vestnik RUDN, seriia Meditsina. 2012;5:487-93 (in Russian).
2. Kaprin AD. Mastopatii. Pod red. Kaprina AD, Rozhkovoi NI. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media, 2019 (in Russian).
3. Khutsishvili OS, Ivanova OIu, Luneva IS, Angaleva EN. Analiz faktorov riska raka molochnoi zhelezy u zhenshchin rannego reproduktivnogo vozrasta. Zhenskoe zdorov'e i reproduktsiia. 2018;10(29) (in Russian).
4. Kulagina NV, Odintsov VA. Mastodynia: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. Akusherstvo i ginekologiia. 2022;6:33-9 (in Russian). DOI:10.18565/aig.2022.6.33-39
5. Grullon S, Bechmann S. Mastodynia. StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, 2022, 2023.
6. Razik MA, Alsubaie AM, Alsetri HM, et al. Clinical and histopathological features of breast tumors in women: a cross-sectional study at three hospitals in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Pan Afr Med J. 2021;39:267. DOI:10.11604/pamj.2021.39.267.30341
7. Nurmanova A, Sultanova ZI, Anaorazov YA. Factors and their role in morbidity, mortality, survival in mammary cancer. Vestnik KazNMU. 2018;1:112-4 (in Russian).
8. Morozov SP, Vetsheva NN, Didenko VV, et al. Organizatsiia programmy populiatsionnogo skrininga zlokachestvennykh novoobrazovanii molochnoi zhelezy sredi zhenskogo naseleniia: metodicheskie rekomendatsii. Seriia «Luchshie praktiki luchevoi i instrumental'noi diagnostiki». Vyp. 55. Moscow: GBUZ «NPKTs DiT DZM», 2020 (in Russian).
9. Dovzhikova IV, Andrievskaya IA. Estrogen receptors (review). Part 1. Bulletin Physiology and Pathology of Respiration. 2019;72:120-7 (in Russian). DOI:10.12737/artide_5d0ad2e5d54867.15780111
10. Rasskazova EA, Rozhkov NI. Screening for early detection of breast cancer. Research and Practical Medicine Journal. 2014;1(1):45-51 (in Russian).
DOI:10.17709/2409-2231-2014-1-1-45-51
11. Rozhkova NI, Sotnikov AA, Sotnikova LS, Ovsiannikova TV. Molochnaia zheleza. Ne ostavliat' bez vnimaniia. Dobrokachestvennaia displaziia molochnoi zhelezy: sovremennye predstavleniia. Pod red. VE Radzinskogo. Moscow: Redaktsiia zhurnala StatusPraesens, 2019 (in Russian).
12. Zakhurdaeva LD. Estrogeny: biologicheskie i farmakologicheskie effekty. Meditsinskie aspekty zdorov'ia zhenshchiny. 2010;8(37):41-5 (in Russian).
13. Radzinskii V, Khamoshina M, Raevskaia O, et al. Ocherki endokrinnoi ginekologii. Ot sindroma k diagnozu i vyboru terapii. Moscow: Mediabiuro Status prezens, 2020 (in Russian).
14. Bonfiglio R, Di Pietro ML. The impact of oral contraceptive use on breast cancer risk: state of the art and future perspectives in the era of 4P medicine. Semin Cancer Biol. 2021;72:11-8. DOI:10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.10.008
15. Saha T, Makar S, Swetha R, et al. Estrogen signaling: An emanating therapeutic target for breast cancer treatment. Eur J Med Chem. 2019;177:116-43. DOI:10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.05.023
16. Hewitt SC, Korach KS. Estrogen receptors: new directions in the new millennium. Endocr Rev. 2018;39(5):664-75. DOI:10.1210/er.2018-00087
17. Helsen C, Kerkhofs S, Clinckemalie L, et al. Structural basis for nuclear hormone receptor DNA binding. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2012;348(2):411-7. DOI:10.1016/j.mce.2011.07.025
18. Hah N, Kraus WL. Hormone-regulated transcriptomes: lessons learned from estrogen signaling pathways in breast cancer cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2014;382(1):652-64. DOI:10.1016/j.mce.2013.06.021
19. Gallez A, Dias Da Silva I, Wuidar V, et al. Estetrol and Mammary Gland: Friends or Foes? J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 2021;26(3):297-308. DOI:10.1007/s10911-021-09497-0
20. Girgert R, Emons G, Gründker C. Estrogen signaling in ERα-negative breast cancer: ERβ and GPER. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2019;9:781. DOI:10.3389/fendo.2018.00781
21. Honma N, Horii R, Iwase T, et al. Clinical importance of estrogen receptor-beta evaluation in breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant tamoxifen therapy. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26(22):3727-34. DOI:10.1200/JCO.2007.14.2968
22. Milioli HH, Alexandrou S, Lim E, Caldon CE. Cyclin E1 and cyclin E2 in ER+ breast cancer: prospects as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2020;27(5):R93-112. DOI:10.1530/ERC-19-0501
23. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii «Dobrokachestvennaia displaziia molochnoi zhelezy». Utverzhdeny Minzdravom RF, 2020 (in Russian).
24. Natsional'nye meditsinskie kriterii priemlemosti metodov kontratseptsii, 2022 (in Russian).
25. Alipour S, Eskandari A. Prescribing oral contraceptives in women with breast diseases: a matter of concern for the gynecologist. Arch Breast Can. 2019;6(2):55-66. DOI:10.32768/abc.20196255-66
26. Kumar N, Prasad J. Epidemiology of benign breast lumps, is it changing: a prospective study. Int Surg J. 2019;6(2):465-9. DOI:10.18203/2349-2902.isj20190089
27. Silver DP, Livingston DM. Mechanisms of BRCA1 tumor suppression. Cancer Discov. 2012;2(8):679-84. DOI:10.1158/2159-8290.CD-12-0221
28. Vуsotskaya IV, Letyagin VP, Vorotnikov IK, et al. Oral contraceptives and menopausal hormone therapy as breast cancer risk categories. Tumors of female reproductive system. 2019;15(2):42-51 (in Russian). DOI:10.17650/1994-4098-2019-15-2-42-51
29. Armstrong N, Ryder S, Forbes C, et al. A systematic review of the international prevalence of BRCA mutation in breast cancer. Clin Epidemiol. 2019;11:543-61. DOI:10.2147/CLEP.S206949
30. Huber D, Seitz S, Kast K, et al. Use of oral contraceptives in BRCA mutation carriers and risk for ovarian and breast cancer: a systematic review. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2020;301(4):875-84. DOI:10.1007/s00404-020-05458-w
31. Barańska A, Błaszczuk A, Kanadys W, et al. Oral Contraceptive Use and Breast Cancer Risk Assessment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies, 2009–2020. Cancers (Basel). 2021;13(22):5654. DOI:10.3390/cancers13225654
32. Iodice S, Barile M, Rotmensz N, et al. Oral contraceptive use and breast or ovarian cancer risk in BRCA1/2 carriers: a meta-analysis. Eur J Cancer. 2010;46(12):2275-84. DOI:10.1016/j.ejca.2010.04.018
33. Kanadys W, Barańska A, Malm M, et al. Use of oral contraceptives as a potential risk factor for breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies up to 2010. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(9):4638. DOI:10.3390/ijerph18094638
34. Coelingh Bennink F, Holinka CF, Visser M, Coelingh Bennink HJT. Maternal and fetal estetrol levels during pregnancy. Climacteric. 2008;11(Suppl. 1):69-72. DOI:10.1080/13697130802056321
35. Fruzzetti F, Fidecicchi T, Montt Guevara MM, Simoncini T. Estetrol: A New Choice for Contraception. J Clin Med. 2021;10(23):5625. DOI:10.3390/jcm10235625
36. Gérard C, Arnal JF, Jost M, et al. Profile of estetrol, a promising native estrogen for oral contraception and the relief of climacteric symptoms of menopause. Exp Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2022;15(2):121-37. DOI:10.1080/17512433.2022.2054413
37. Cheng ZN, Shu Y, Liu ZQ, et al. Role of cytochrome P450 in estradiol metabolism in vitro. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2001;22(2):148-54.
38. Visser M, Foidart JM, Coelingh Bennink HJT. In vitro effects of estetrol on receptor binding, drug targets and human liver cell metabolism. Climacteric. 2008;11(Suppl. 1):64-8. DOI:10.1080/13697130802050340
39. Gérard C, Blacher S, Communal L, et al. Estetrol is a weak estrogen antagonizing estradiol-dependent mammary gland proliferation. J Endocrinol. 2015;224(1):85-95. DOI:10.1530/JOE-14-0549
40. Yue W, Verhoeven C, Bernnink HC, et al. Pro-apoptotic effects of estetrol on long-term estrogen-deprived breast cancer cells and at low doses on hormone-sensitive cells. Breast Cancer (Auckl). 2019;13:1178223419844198. DOI:10.1177/1178223419844198
41. Tatarchuk TF, Efimenko OA. K voprosu o profilaktike patologii molochnykh zhelez. Reproductive Endocrinology. 2012;8:10-6 (in Russian). DOI:10.18370/2309-4117.2012.8.10-16
42. Plu-Bureau G, Thalabard JC, Sitruk-Ware R, et al. Cyclical mastalgia as a marker of breast cancer susceptibility: results of a case-control study among French women. Br J Cancer. 1992;65(6):945-9. DOI:10.1038/bjc.1992.198
43. Chen MJ, Jensen JT, Kaunitz AM, et al. Tolerability and safety of the estetrol/drospirenone combined oral contraceptive: Pooled analysis of two multicenter, open-label phase 3 trials. Contraception. 2022;116:44-50. DOI:10.1016/j.contraception.2022.10.004
44. Tan JKL, Ediriweera C. Efficacy and safety of combined ethinyl estradiol/drospirenone oral contraceptives in the treatment of acne. Int J Womens Health. 2010;1:213-21. DOI:10.2147/ijwh.s3916
Авторы
М.Р. Оразов*, В.Е. Радзинский, Е.Д. Долгов
ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов», Москва, Россия
*omekan@mail.ru
________________________________________________
Mekan R. Orazov*, Viktor E. Radzinskiy, Evgeny D. Dolgov
People’s Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
*omekan@mail.ruk