Материалы доступны только для специалистов сферы здравоохранения. Авторизуйтесь или зарегистрируйтесь.
Прогнозирование наступления преэклампсии
© ООО «КОНСИЛИУМ МЕДИКУМ», 2025 г.
________________________________________________
Kravtsova OM, Kuznetsov PA, Dobrokhotova YuE, Raba DP. Prediction of preeclampsia: A retrospective study. Gynecology. 2025;27(1):12–15. DOI: 10.26442/20795696.2025.1.203126
Материалы доступны только для специалистов сферы здравоохранения. Авторизуйтесь или зарегистрируйтесь.
Цель. Разработать балльную шкалу риска, которая может быть использована практикующими врачами как дополнение к проводимому первому скринингу для улучшения прогноза развития ПЭ.
Материалы и методы. На I этапе исследования проанализированы истории болезни 102 пациенток, родоразрешенных в связи с диагнозом тяжелой ПЭ в филиале ГБУЗ «ГКБ №24» – Перинатальный центр. Среди данной когорты беременных оценена значимость анамнестических и физиологических факторов риска и предложена балльная шкала риска. На II этапе исследования проведена оценка эффективности разработанной нами балльной шкалы риска на 3431 беременной, прошедшей первый пренатальный скрининг в отделении антенатальной охраны плода ГБУЗ «ГКБ им. В.В. Вересаева» в 2021 г. При составлении балльной шкалы проведены расчеты абсолютного риска и отношения шансов для выявления наиболее значимых факторов риска.
Результаты. Группу высокого риска при комплексном подходе (скрининг и балльная шкала) составили 80% всех беременных, у которых впоследствии реализовалась ПЭ, против 54,6% в случае отдельного применения скрининга и 38,7% – в случае отдельного применения балльной шкалы риска.
Заключение. В качестве II этапа скрининга балльная шкала позволит увеличить прогностическую ценность наступления ПЭ и расширит общее число пациенток, которым необходима профилактика.
Ключевые слова: преэклампсия, скрининг, балльная шкала риска наступления преэклампсии, ацетилсалициловая кислота
________________________________________________
Background. Preeclampsia (PE) is associated with a high risk of preterm birth, fetal growth retardation, perinatal and maternal mortality, neonatal hospitalization in the intensive care unit, and long-term negative consequences for both mother and child. FMF screening was a breakthrough in the diagnostic search for patients at risk of PE; this screening is currently used in many countries, including Russia. It uses the patient's history data and biophysical and biochemical indicators to improve PE prediction during pregnancy.
Aim. To develop a risk rating score that practitioners can use as an adjunct to the first screening to improve the prognosis for PE.
Materials and methods. In the first stage of the study, the medical records of 102 patients who gave birth and were diagnosed with severe PE in the branch of the State Clinical Hospital No. 24, the Perinatal Center, were reviewed. In this cohort of pregnant women, the significance of history and physiological risk factors was assessed, and a risk rating score was proposed. In the second stage of the study, the effectiveness of our risk rating score was assessed for 3,431 pregnant women who underwent the first prenatal screening in the antenatal fetal care department of the Moscow State Clinical Hospital named after V.V. Veresaev in 2021. When compiling the score, the absolute risk and the odds ratio were calculated to identify the most significant risk factors.
Results. The integrated approach (screening and score) attributed to the high-risk group 80% of all pregnant women who subsequently had PE versus 54.6% using the screening alone and 38.7% using the risk rating score alone.
Conclusion. The rating score, as part of the stage II screening, will increase the prognostic value for PE and help identify more patients requiring prevention.
Keywords: preeclampsia, screening, preeclampsia risk rating score, acetylsalicylic acid
2. Wu P, Haththotuwa R, Kwok CS, et al. Preeclampsia and future cardiovascular health: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2017;10(2):e003497.
3. Bellamy L, Casas JP, Hingorani AD, et al. Pre-eclampsia and risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer in later life: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2007;335(7627):974.
4. Ahmed R, Dunford J, Mehran R, et al. Pre-eclampsia and future cardiovascular risk among women: a review. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014; 63(18):1815-22.
5. Gumusoglu SB, Chilukuri ASS, Santillan DA, et al. Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of Prenatal Preeclampsia Exposure. Trends Neurosci. 2020;43(4):253-68.
6. Kajantie E, Eriksson JG, Osmond C, et al. Pre-eclampsia is associated with increased risk of stroke in the adult offspring: the Helsinki birth cohort study. Stroke. 2009;40(4):1176-80.
7. Bi S, Zhang L, Huang L, et al. Long-term effects of preeclampsia on metabolic and biochemical outcomes in offspring: What can be expected from a meta-analysis? Obes Rev. 2022;23(5):e13411.
8. Tan MY, Syngelaki A, Poon LC, et al. Screening for pre-eclampsia by maternal factors and biomarkers at 11–13 weeks' gestation. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2018;52:186-95.
9. Wright D, Akolekar R, Syngelaki A, et al. A Competing Risks Model in Early Screening for Preeclampsia. Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy. 2012;32(3):171-8.
10. O’Gorman N, Wright D, Syngelaki A, et al. Competing risks model in screening for preeclampsia by maternal factors and biomarkers at 11–13 weeks gestation. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016;214(1):103.1-12.
11. Wright A, Wright D, Ispas CA, et al. Mean arterial pressure in the three trimesters of pregnancy: effects of maternal characteristics and medical history. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2015;45(6):698-706.
12. Wright D, Syngelaki A, Akolekar R, et al. Competing risks model in screening for preeclampsia by maternal characteristics and medical history. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2015;213(1):62.1-10.
13. Rolnik DL, Wright D, Poon LC, et al. Aspirin versus Placebo in Pregnancies at High Risk for Preterm Preeclampsia. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(7):613-22.
14. Клинические рекомендации: Преэклампсия. Эклампсия. Отеки, протеинурия и гипертензивные расстройства во время беременности, родах и послеродовом периоде. Минздрав РФ. 2024. Режим доступа: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/recomend/637_2. Ссылка активна на 30.08.2024 [Clinical guidelines: Preeclampsia. Eclampsia. Edema, proteinuria and hypertensive disorders during pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 2024. Available at: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/recomend/637_2. Accessed: 30.08.2024 (in Russian)].
15. WHO recommendations for prevention and treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. Geneva (Switzerland). 2011.
16. National Collaborating Centre for Women’s and Children’s Health (UK). Hypertension in Pregnancy: The Management of Hypertensive Disorders During Pregnancy. London: RCOG Press, 2010.
17. ACOG. Hypertension in pregnancy. Task force on hypertension in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2013;122(5):1122-31.
18. O’Gorman N, Wright D, Poon LC, et al. Multicenter screening for pre-eclampsia by maternal factors and biomarkers at 11-13 weeks’ gestation: comparison with NICE guidelines and ACOG recommendations. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2017;49(6):756-60.
19. Урбах В.Ю. Статистический анализ в биологических и медицинских исследованиях. М.: Медицина. 1975; c. 295 [Urbakh VIu. Statisticheskii analiz v biologicheskikh i meditsinskikh issledovaniiakh. Moscow: Meditsina. 1975; p. 295 (in Russian)].
________________________________________________
1. Mendola P, Mumford SL, Meannisto TI, et al. Controlled direct effects of preeclampsia on neonatal health after accounting for mediation by preterm birth. Epidemiology. 2015;26(1):17-26.
2. Wu P, Haththotuwa R, Kwok CS, et al. Preeclampsia and future cardiovascular health: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2017;10(2):e003497.
3. Bellamy L, Casas JP, Hingorani AD, et al. Pre-eclampsia and risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer in later life: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2007;335(7627):974.
4. Ahmed R, Dunford J, Mehran R, et al. Pre-eclampsia and future cardiovascular risk among women: a review. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014; 63(18):1815-22.
5. Gumusoglu SB, Chilukuri ASS, Santillan DA, et al. Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of Prenatal Preeclampsia Exposure. Trends Neurosci. 2020;43(4):253-68.
6. Kajantie E, Eriksson JG, Osmond C, et al. Pre-eclampsia is associated with increased risk of stroke in the adult offspring: the Helsinki birth cohort study. Stroke. 2009;40(4):1176-80.
7. Bi S, Zhang L, Huang L, et al. Long-term effects of preeclampsia on metabolic and biochemical outcomes in offspring: What can be expected from a meta-analysis? Obes Rev. 2022;23(5):e13411.
8. Tan MY, Syngelaki A, Poon LC, et al. Screening for pre-eclampsia by maternal factors and biomarkers at 11–13 weeks' gestation. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2018;52:186-95.
9. Wright D, Akolekar R, Syngelaki A, et al. A Competing Risks Model in Early Screening for Preeclampsia. Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy. 2012;32(3):171-8.
10. O’Gorman N, Wright D, Syngelaki A, et al. Competing risks model in screening for preeclampsia by maternal factors and biomarkers at 11–13 weeks gestation. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016;214(1):103.1-12.
11. Wright A, Wright D, Ispas CA, et al. Mean arterial pressure in the three trimesters of pregnancy: effects of maternal characteristics and medical history. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2015;45(6):698-706.
12. Wright D, Syngelaki A, Akolekar R, et al. Competing risks model in screening for preeclampsia by maternal characteristics and medical history. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2015;213(1):62.1-10.
13. Rolnik DL, Wright D, Poon LC, et al. Aspirin versus Placebo in Pregnancies at High Risk for Preterm Preeclampsia. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(7):613-22.
14. Clinical guidelines: Preeclampsia. Eclampsia. Edema, proteinuria and hypertensive disorders during pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 2024. Available at: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/recomend/637_2. Accessed: 30.08.2024 (in Russian).
15. WHO recommendations for prevention and treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. Geneva (Switzerland). 2011.
16. National Collaborating Centre for Women’s and Children’s Health (UK). Hypertension in Pregnancy: The Management of Hypertensive Disorders During Pregnancy. London: RCOG Press, 2010.
17. ACOG. Hypertension in pregnancy. Task force on hypertension in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2013;122(5):1122-31.
18. O’Gorman N, Wright D, Poon LC, et al. Multicenter screening for pre-eclampsia by maternal factors and biomarkers at 11-13 weeks’ gestation: comparison with NICE guidelines and ACOG recommendations. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2017;49(6):756-60.
19. Urbakh VIu. Statisticheskii analiz v biologicheskikh i meditsinskikh issledovaniiakh. Moscow: Meditsina. 1975; p. 295 (in Russian).
1ГБУЗ «Государственная клиническая больница №67 им. Л.А. Ворохобова» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы, Москва, Россия;
2ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России (Пироговский Университет), Москва, Россия;
3ГБУЗ «Московский многопрофильный клинический центр “Коммунарка”» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы, Москва, Россия
*seliverstova.o.m@gmail.com
________________________________________________
Olga M. Kravtsova*1, Pavel A. Kuznetsov2, Yulia E. Dobrokhotova2, Dmitrii P. Raba3
1Vorokhobov State Clinical Hospital №67, Moscow, Russia;
2Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (Pirogov University), Moscow, Russia;
3Moscow Multidisciplinary Clinical Center “Kommunarka”, Moscow, Russia
*seliverstova.o.m@gmail.com