1. FAO/WHO (2006) Probiotics in Food. Health and nutritional properties and guidelines for evaluation. FAO Food and Nutrition Paper 85 (ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao /009/a0512e/a0512e00.pdf).
2. Vandenplas Y, Salvatore S, Vieira M et al. Probiotics in infectious diarrhoea in children: are they indicated? Eur J Pediatr 2007; 166: 1211–8.
3. Fietto JLR, Araújo RS, Valadão FN et al. Molecular and physiological comparisons between Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces boulardii. Can J Microbiol 2004; 50: 615–21.
4. Hennequin C, Thierry A, Richard GF et al. Microsatellite typing as a new tool for identification of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. J  lin Microbiol 2001; 39: 551–9.
5. Bléhaut H, Massot J, Elmer GW et al. Disposition kinetics of Saccharomyces boulardii in man and rat. Biopharm Drug Dispos 1989; 10: 353–64.
6. Elmer GW, Moyer KA, Vega R et al. Evaluation of Saccharomyces boulardii forpatients with HIV-related chronic diarrhoea and in healthy volunteers receiving antifungals. Microecol and Ther 1995; 25: 23–31.
7.  Castagliuolo I, Riegler MF, Valenick L et al. Saccharomyces boulardii protease mediates Clostridium difficile toxin A and B effects in human colonic mucosa. Infect Immun 1999; 67: 302–7.
8. Girard P, Pansart Y, Lorette I et al. Dose-response relationship and mechanism of action of Saccharomyces boulardii in castor oil-induced diarrhea in rats. Dig Dis Sci 2003; 48: 770–4.
9. Castaneda C, Garcia E, Santa Cruz M et al. Effects of Saccharomyces boulardii in children with chronic diarrhea, especially cases due to giardiasis. Rev Mex Pueric Pediatr 1995; 2: 12–6.
10. Dahan S, Dalmasso G, Imbert V et al. Saccharomyces boulardii interfers with enterohemorragic Escherichia coliinduced signaling pathways in T84 cells. Infect Immun 2003; 71: 766–73.
11. Czerucka D, Dahan S, Mograbi B et al. Saccharomyces boulardii preserves the barrier function and modulates the signal transduction pathway induced in enteropathogenic Escherichia coli-infected T84 cells. Infect Immun 2000; 68: 5998–6004.
12. De Llanos R, Querol A, Pemán J et al. Food and probiotic strains from the Saccharomyces cerevisiae species as a possible origin of human systemic infections. Int J Food Microbiol 2006; 110: 286–9.
13. Barbut F, Meynard JL, Guiguet M et al. Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in HIV infected patients: epidemiology and risk factors. J Acq Immun Def Synd 1997; 16: 176–81.
14. Bartlett JG, Chang TW, Gurwith M et al. Antibioticassociated pseudomembranous colitis due to toxin producing Clostridia. N Engl J Med 1978; 298: 531–4.
15. Bartlett JG. Clinical practice. Antibiotic-associated diarrhea. 
N Engl J Med 2002; 46: 334–9.
16. Elstner CL, Lindsay AN, Book LS et al. Lack of relationship of Clostridium difficile to antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children. Pediatr Inf Dis 1983; 2: 364–6.
17. McFarland LV, Surawicz CM, Stamm WE. Risk factors for Clostridium difficile carriage and C. difficile-associated diarrhea in a cohort of hospitalized patients. J Infect Dis 1990; 162: 678–84.
18. McFarland LV. Epidemiology, risk factors and treatments for antibioticassociated diarrhea. Dig Dis 1998; 16: 292–307.
19. Turck D, Bernet JP, Marx J et al. Incidence and risk factors of oral antibioticassociated diarrhea in an outpatient pediatric population. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2003; 37: 22–6.
20. Wiström J, Norrby SR, Myhre EB et al. Frequency of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in 2462 antibiotic-treated hospitalized patients: a prospective study. J Antimicrob Chemother 2001; 47: 43–50.
21. Benhamou PH, Berlier P, Danjou G et al. Antibioticassociated diarrhoea in children: a computer monitored doubleblind outpatients trial comparing a protective and a probiotic agent. Med Chir Dig 1999; 28: 163–8.
22. Riedel BD, Ghishan FK. Acute diarrhea. In: W.A.Walker, P.R.Durie, J.R.Hamilton (eds). Pediatric gastrointestinal disease, 2nd edn. Mosby-Year Book Inc., St. Louis, 1996; p. 251–62.
23. WHO. The treatment of diarrhea. A manual for physicians and other senior health workers; WHO/CDR/95.3. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1995.
24. Canani RB, Cirillo P, Terrin GA et al. Probiotics for treatment of acute diarrhea in children: randomised clinical trial of five different preparations. BMJ 2007; 335: 340–7.
25. Billoo AG, Memon MA, Khaskheli SA et al. Role of a probiotic (Saccharomyces boulardii) in management and prevention of diarrhoea. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12: 4557–60.
26. Hafeez A, Tariq P, Ali S et al. The efficacy of Saccharomyces boulardii in thetreatment of acute watery diarrhea in children: a multicentre randomized controlled trial. J Coll Phys Surg Pakist 2002; 12: 432–4.
27. Cetina-Sauri G, Busto GS. Therapeutic evaluation of Saccharomyces boulardii in children with acute diarrhea. Ann Ped 1994; 6: 397–400.
28. Kurugol Z, Koturoglu G. Effects of Saccharomyces boulardii in children with acute diarrhoea. Acta Paediatr 2005; 94: 44–7.
29. Szajewska H, Skórka A, Dylag M. Meta-analysis: Saccharomyces boulardii for treating acute diarrhoea in children. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2007; 25: 257–64.
30. Villarruel G, Rubio DM, Lopez F et al. Saccharomyces boulardii in acute childhooddiarrhea: a randomized controlled study. Acta Paediatr 2007; 96: 538–41
31. Htwe K, Yee KS, Tin M, Vandenplas Y. Effect of Saccharomyces boulardii in the treatment of acute watery diarrhea in Myanmar children: a randomized controlled study. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2008; 78: 214–6.
32. WHO. The treatment of diarrhoea. A manual for physicians and other senior health workers. WHO/CAH/03.7 10/03, 2003.
33. Gaon D, Garcia H, Winter L et al. Effect of Lactobacillus strains and Saccharomyces boulardii on persistent diarrhea in children. Medicina (B Aires) 2003; 63: 293–8.

О.М.Антоненко

Консультативно-диагностическое отделение ОАО «ЭТИРК», Москва